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Bu çalışma Ankara’da kurulmuş bir Rifâî tekkesinin dinî mûsikî uygulamalarını konu almaktadır.1984 yılında Ankara’da Mamak ilçesine bağlı Araplar Köyü’nde kurulmuş olan tasavvufî hareketin ilk olarak tarihsel sürecine değinilmiş, akabinde kurucusunun hayatından bahsedilmiş ve tarikatın âdâb ve erkân konularına yer verilmiştir. Mûsikî ile ilişkisi de arşivler, mülâkâtlar ve gözlemler neticesinde tespit edilmiştir. Tekkenin zikir tertibine yer verilmiş ve zikir tertibindeki mûsikî unsurları üzerinde durulmuştur. Zikir tertibinde besmele, Kur’ân-ı Kerim tilâveti, salâvatlar, istiğfarlar, esmâlar, ilahiler, şuğuller, kasideler vb. mûsikînin olduğu bölümler tespit edilmiş ve notaya alınmıştır. Bununla birlikte tesbihatlara da ayrıca değinilmiştir. Meşklere de önem veren tekkede şuğul, ilahi, tevşih, nefes, mersiye vb. formlarda eserler kanun, ney, bendir, halile, erbane, kudüm gibi sazlarla beraber koral olarak icrâ edilmektedir. Yapılan bu çalışmanın problem durumunu “Ankara Rifâi Tekkesi’nin mûsikî ile zikir tertibi arasında bir uyum var mıdır?”, “Ankara Rifâi Tekkesi’nin Türk din mûsikîsindeki yeri nedir?” olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırma nitel araştırma metotlarından kaynak tarama, veri toplama, karşılaştırma, örneklendirme yöntemlerine başvurularak hazırlanmıştır. Çalışmanın önemi ise Ankara Rifâî Tekkesi’nin dinî mûsikî unsurlarının çokça olması sebebiyle mûsikî açısından önem arz etmesi olarak belirlenmiştir.

Mûsikî nağmelerin iletilmesinde sesi araç olarak kullanır. Hatta mûsikî varlığını ses sayesinde idame ettirir. Sese nağmeyi ve melodiyi mûsikî ilave eder. Bu bağlamda mûsikî melodilerle bir ahenk sağlamayı amaçlar. Mûsikîde icra edilen sesin eğitimli olması gerekir. Bu vesileyle sesin eğitiminde egzersizlerin ve nüansların ders materyali olarak nasıl olabileceği ile ilgili bir deneme mahiyeti taşıyan bu araştırma, Türk Din Mûsikîsi ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Araştırmada Türk Din Mûsikîsi özelinde çeşitli tespitler, örnekler ve egzersizler içermektedir. İlk olarak giriş bölümünde tarihsel açıdan meşk ve konservatuvar eğitim sistemlerinin tarihçesine değinilmiş, Dârü’l-Elhân’ın kuruluşundan bahsedilmiş ve ilk nota çalışmaları hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Devamında Cumhuriyet döneminde İstanbul Devlet Konservatuvarının kuruluşuna ve eğitim sistemindeki değişimine vurgu yapılmıştır. Akabinde birinci bölümde ses unsurlarına yer verilmiş diyafram egzersizleri ve ses egzersizleri örneklendirilerek açıklanmıştır. İkinci bölümde ise icra unsurları olarak belirlediğimiz nüans çeşitleri, icra teknikleri, makam egzersizleri ve meşk başlıklarına yer verilmiştir. Eserleri okurken doğru sesin ve icranın perdeler ve baskı hakimiyetiyle de alakalı olduğu düşünülerek Türk Din Mûsikîsi’nde sıklıkla kullanılan makamlardan bazıları olan Rast, Nikriz, Hicazkâr, Mâhur, Nevâ, Uşşak, Bayatî, Nihâvend, Sabâ, Çârgâh, Hüseynî, Muhayyer, Karcığar, Bûselik, Hicaz, Şehnaz, Acem-aşiran, Segâh, Hüzzam, Bestenigâr ve Evc olmak üzere yirmi makamda egzersizler notaya alınmış ve çalışmada yer bulmuştur. Yapılan seyirlerin “ah” hecesi ile okunması sağlanmış ve notada belirtilmiştir. Bununla birlikte nüans terimlerinden çarpmalar, crescendo, decrescendo, glissando gibi kavramların icra esnasında kullanımı hakkında bilgi verilmiş ve Türk Din Mûsikîsi eserlerinde simgelerle nota üzerinde gösterilmiştir. Akabinde eser okurken dikkat edilmesi gereken icra tekniklerinden bahsedilmiş ve bunlar Türk Din Mûsikîsi eserlerinde nota üzerinde sembollerle gösterilmiştir. Bununla birlikte güfte-beste ve nağme uyumunun da ayrı bir önem ifade ettiği ve güftenin anlamına göre icradaki teknik hususlara dikkat edilmesi gerekliliği üzerinde de durulmuştur. Devamında ses eğitiminde sesin gelişimi kadar telaffuzun da ayrı bir öneminin olduğu vurgulanmış ve bilhassa icra esnasında kelimelerin daha net bir şekilde anlaşılması için artikülasyonun önemine vurgu yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın devamında Türk Din Mûsikîsinin ses eğitiminde çokça istifade ettiği meşk sistemine değinilmiş, hoca-öğrenci ilişkisinin ses eğitimindeki pozitif etkisi üzerinde durulmuştur. Türk Din Mûsikîsi repertuvarından sesin gelişimine katkı sağlayacak eserlerin içerisinde dikkat edilmesi gereken nüanslara da vurgu yapılmıştır. Türk Din Mûsikîsi repertuvarından örnek olarak; rast makamında Taceddin Efendi’nin güftesi, Sebilci Hüseyin Efendi’nin bestesi: “Ey Güzellerden Güzel“, hicaz makamında Yunus Emre’nin güftesi, bestesi meçhul: “Ah Nice Bir Uyursun Uyanmaz mısın?”, ve Aziz Mahmud Hüdâyî’nin güftesi, Şehabettin Efendi’nin bestesi: “Buyruğun Tut Rahmanın”, nikriz makamında Yunus Emre’nin güftesi, Ahmed Hatiboğlu’nun bestesi: “Hak Bir Gönül Verdi Bana”, hicazkâr makamında Kenan Rifâî’nin güftesi, İzzettin Hümayi Elçioğlu’nun bestesi: “Bir Nokta İdim Kıldı Beni”, uşşak makamında Yunus Emre’nin güftesi, Kemal Gürses’in bestesi: “Yâ Rabbenâ Yardım Eyle Kıyamette”, nihâvend makamında Seyyid Nizamoğlu’nun güftesi, bestesi meçhul: “Bu Aşk Bir Bahr-i Ummandır”, sabâ makamında Mehmet Oruç’un güftesi Tahir Karagöz’ün bestesi “Gel Seninle Gidelim”, şehnâz makamında Ebubekir Kâni Efendi’nin güftesi, İzzettin Hümayi Elçioğlu’nun bestesi: “Gubar-ı Payine Almam”, segâh makamında Niyazi Mısrî’nin güftesi, bestesi meçhul: “Tende Canım” eserleri bulunmaktadır. Bu eserlerde notanın üzerinde gösterilen nüansların uygulanması amacıyla okunan icrâ kayıtlarının linkleri dipnotlarda verilmiştir. Ayrıca Türk Din Mûsikîsi icrâkârlarının okumuş olduğu kayıtların linkleri de dipnotta verilmiştir. Bu linklerin, eğitsel açıdan nüansların uygulanabilmesi için bir referans olabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate how young children define trust and to find out if there is a relationship between the people whom they trust and the people with whom they share their favorite food and toy. The participants consist of 273 kindergarteners enrolled in five public kindergartens. Research assistants asked the participants questions such as what they think trust is, who they trust, with whom they want to share their favorite food and favorite toy, and why. Findings did not reveal age or gender as factors for children’s trust and sharing decisions. Children’s trust decisions were not associated with their sharing decisions. Accordingly, it appears that children perceive trust and sharing as two separate concepts. This might be due to the abstract nature of trust and the social nature of sharing, in which immediate reciprocity might play a more important role in children’s sharing decisions. Children mentioned reciprocity as the second highest reason for their sharing decisions.

The shear strengths of the joints produced by using Poly Lactic Acid (PLA), PLA+ Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU), and resin (Acrylic Photopolymer) with three different surface design of the dowels including, grooved, straight, and cross were investigated compared, wood and plastic dowels. The Results indicated that among L-type furniture joints, those manufactured from PLA and conventional wood dowels displayed the highest shear resistance, followed by L-type furniture joints with dowels made from PLA+TPU, resin, and plastic. Generally, differences in dowel patterns did not have a statistically significant impact on the shear resistance of L-type joints, except for the straight pattern dowels made of resin, which exhibited a statistically higher shear resistance than the grooved pattern dowels. Regarding the failure mode results, only PLA, PLA+TPU, and wooden dowels showed signs of elongation and crushing within the dowel holes. Conversely, in joints using dowels produced from resin and plastic, the dowels broke under shear stress, without displaying elongation, and did not leave any evidence of crushing in the dowel holes. Overall, the results of the study indicated that dowels made only PLA exhibited similar shear resistance compared to conventional wood dowels. Additionally, the study demonstrated that 3D-printed dowels were stronger than conventional plastic dowels.

In this paper, we aim to overcome the problem given by Abkar et al. [Abstr. Appl. Anal., 2013 (2013), 189567], and so to obtain real generalizations of fixed point results in the literature. In this direction, we introduce a new class of functions, which include $ \mathcal{R} $-functions. Thus, we present a new type of $ \mathcal{R} $ -contraction and weaken $ \mathcal{R} $-contractions that have often been studied recently. We also give a new definition of the $ P $-property. Hence, we obtain some best proximity point results, including fixed point results for the new kind of $ \mathcal{R} $-contractions. Then, we provide an example to show the effectiveness of our results. Finally, inspired by a nice and interesting technique, we investigate the existence of a best proximity point of the homotopic mappings with the help of our main result.

Objective: This study aimed to introduce a reliable and useful model of selective sensorial or motor denervations of the sciatic nerve in rats with clinical and laboratory outcomes. Methods: The surgical technique was determined via detailed cadaveric dissections of rat sciatic nerve roots and cross-sectional histoanatomy. Forty animals were divided into the sham, sensorial denervation (SD), motor denervation (MD), and combined denervation (CD) groups and evaluated clinically via the pinch test and observation. Electrophysiological tests, retrograde neuronal labeling, and histologic and radiographic studies were performed. The weights of the muscles innervated by the sciatic nerve were measured. Results: The nerve root topography at the L4 level was consistent. Hemilaminectomy satisfactorily exposed all the roots contributing to the sciatic nerve and selectively denervated its sensorial and motor zones. Sensorial denervation caused foot deformities and wound problems, which were more severe in SD than in MD and CD. Nerve histomorphometry, electrophysiological tests, retrograde neuronal labeling studies, and measurements of the muscle weights also verified the denervations. Conclusion: This study has shown the feasibility of selective (sensory or motor) sciatic nerve denervation through a single-level hemilaminectomy. The surgical technique is reliable and has a confounding effect on gait. Sensorial denervation had more severe foot problems than motor and combined denervation in rats.

Sustainability and lack of resources both outline need for energy storage tactics, materials, and devices. In fact, energy storage is nowadays is the most important, at the same time challenging feature in under development and developing countries. Renewable energies are focused as minimizing energy consumption, whereas maximizing storage of energies. Geopolitical features of energy storage together with wars in the middle-east and Europe borderline criticize such important topic more and more. Rechargeable batteries have widely been served and developed continuously in electronic devices as a means of storing electrical energy. Therefore, increasing the capacity and life of batteries has become a target for researchers working in this field. Enlargement of application and performance windows of batteries have become possible by the era of nanotechnology, such that new generations of rechargeable batteries enjoy from much higher efficiency and performance with respect to first-generation ones. In this article, after examining the electrochemical preparations, batteries and their types are discussed. Alkaline and lead-acid batteries and their application are also discussed on the basis of nanotechnology.

Objectives: Cancer diagnosis is increasing day by day all over the world. Deaths due to cancer are among the most common causes of death. Access to cancer drugs is a priority of health policies. The aim of this study is to evaluate access to cancer drugs through drug box sales data by modeling population growth, cancer incidence, and Fixed Euro Exchange (FEE) rate parameters used in drug pricing in Türkiye.Methods: Access to cancer drugs was evaluated by drug box sales figures obtained from IQVIA. Box sales data were classified according to diagnosis codes (ICD-10), reference, or generic status. Consumption of cancer drugs was examined over time with panel regression analysis, taking into account variables of population growth, cancer incidence, and the FEE rate in drug pricing in Türkiye.Results: The incidence of cancer in Türkiye was 215.1 in 2010 and 223.1 (per hundred thousand) in 2017. Whereas there was a 127.02% increase in the real euro exchange rate, there was an 89.6% increase in the FEE rate. With the regression approach, there is a negative relationship between the real and fixed exchange rate difference (RFED) and reference and generic drug consumption data. Medicine access is affected depending on diagnosis codes at different levels. Colorectal cancer medicine sales had negative correlations for each variable, namely, exchange rate, population growth, and cancer incidence. On the contrary, there was a positive correlation between non-small-cell lung cancer and relevant variables. Innovative medicine groups such as monoclonal antibodies and protein kinase inhibitor consumption showed a negative correlation.Conclusion: According to our results, pricing strategy may be an access barrier for oncology medicines in Türkiye. It should be reviewing the pricing policy that is beneficial for oncology medicine access in Türkiye.

Biomass-fueled organic Rankine cycles (ORCs) are widely utilized technologies for power production because of their simplicity, low cost, and relatively high efficiencies. Furthermore, raw material availability and topographical independency make these systems preferable to other renewable-fueled power generation systems. A deep and comprehensive understanding of biomass-fueled organic Rankine cycles will provide researchers with a solid foundation to prioritize their investigations and assist future developments in this field. In this regard, feedstocks and their properties, biomass conversion mechanisms, and biomass-fueled power generation systems are discussed in this study. Power generation technologies based on coal and waste as feedstock have been widely investigated in the literature due to higher energy content and technological maturity. Additionally, depending on the type of biomass available, the scale of the power plant, and economic and environmental considerations, the most common technologies utilized for biomass conversion are combustion, gasification, and anaerobic digestion. Finally, the authors investigate various aspects of biomass-fueled organic Rankine cycles, including working fluids, analysis methods, and environmental issues. Since maximizing product yield is key in biomass-based power generation systems, technical assessment of these systems has been a primary focus of many studies. Further research is required on integrated environmental and socio-economic approaches, along with Machine Learning algorithms. Future advancements focusing on integration of feedstock with other renewable energy sources, efficient working fluids like nanofluids, and high-tech heat exchangers will drive the development of biomass-fueled ORC systems.

Designed by the Harvard University Project Zero team, Artful Thinking is basically a program that aims to improve students' awareness of art and increase their critical thinking skills by interpreting works of art and discussing them. In this way, students will acquire twenty-first century skills such as critical thinking and aesthetic understanding. The primary objective of this research was to investigate the impact of the Artful Thinking program on the development of critical thinking skills and attitudes towards art in 6th grade students, by implementing it as action research. This study was conducted in a middle school in Gaziantep, Turkey. 23 students and a Turkish teacher participated in the study. A total of twenty-four works of art (paintings, graffiti and ancient mosaics) were shown to students over eight weeks. Students expressed their opinions about each picture for 10-15 minutes. In order to make the students think in higher-order about art, the teacher asked questions prepared by the researcher. Thus, students were enabled to develop critical and higher order thoughts about the paintings. The findings from the students, teacher, and researcher indicated that the Artful Thinking program had a favorable impact on the students' perceptions of art, and that the students' cognitive abilities and capacity for articulation were enhanced by this program.

Hz. Peygamber’in Kur’ân-ı Kerim’i güzel sesle okumayı tavsiye etmesi sebebiyle günümüze kadar Kur’ân-ı Kerim’in güzel sesle okunması hususunda özen gösterilmiş, bu süreçte mûsikî özellikle makam, işlevsellik açısından önemli bir görev üstlenmiştir. Yüzyıllar boyu mûsikînin gelişmesiyle Kur’ân-ı Kerim tilâveti de icrâ açısından gelişim göstermiş, çeşitli üslup ve tavırlar ortaya çıkmıştır. Türk tilâvet üslûbu da bu üslûplardan birisi olmuş ve birçok Türk kârî bu tavrın gelişmesine icrâlarıyla katkı sağlamıştır. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın girişinde tavır ve üslup tanımları üzerinde durulmuş, Türk tilâvet üslûbunun gelişimine katkı sunan kârîlere değinilmiş ve isimlerine yer verilmiştir. Kur’ân-ı Kerim’i güzel okuyan kârîleri tespit etmek amacıyla 2017 yılından itibaren “TRT 1 Kur’ân-ı Kerim’i Güzel Okuma Yarışması” düzenlenmiş ve 2023 yılı itibariyle de 7. Sezonu her yıl olduğu gibi Ramazan ayında yayınlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada “TRT 1 Kur’ân-ı Kerim’i Güzel Okuma Yarışması”nın bütün sezonlardaki gün, hafta birincileri ve finalistlerin isimlerine yer verilmiş, video kayıtları dinlenmiş ve ortak nağmeler tespit edilmiştir. Dinlenilen videoların linklerine ve tespit edilen nağmelerin dakikalarına dipnotlarda yer verilmiştir. Tespit edilen nağmeler notaya alınmıştır. Bu vesileyle tilâvetler arası etkileşimin hangi nağme örgülerinden oluştuğuna dair bir örneklem sunulmuştur. Bu bağlamda nağmenin üslûp ve tavra olarak etkisi gözlemlenmiş ve somutlaştırmak maksadıyla notadan yararlanılmıştır. Notasyon neticesinde Kur’ân-ı Kerim tilâvetinde nağmelerin tıpkı diğer Türk mûsikîsi türlerinde olduğu gibi üslûp ve tavrı geliştirmede etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Nağmelerin tespiti sırasında makamsal açıdan gruplandırma yapılmıştır. Yapılan gruplandırmalarda karar perdeleri esas alınarak tasnife gidilmiştir. Yapılan incelemeler neticesinde ağırlıklı olarak uşşak, hicaz, rast, nihâvend ve sabâ makamlarına rastlanılmıştır. Makamlardan en çok uşşak makamının kullanıldığı görülmüş ve benzerliği tespit edilen nağmeler “Mus2” programıyla notaya alınmıştır.

IntroductionThe credibility of qualitative research has long been debated, with critics emphasizing the lack of rigor and the challenges of demonstrating it. In qualitative research, rigor encompasses explicit, detailed descriptions of various research stages, including problem framing, study design, data collection, analysis, and reporting. The diversity inherent in qualitative research, originating from various beliefs and paradigms, challenges establishing universal guidelines for determining its rigor. Additionally, researchers' often unrecorded thought processes in qualitative studies further complicate the assessment of research quality.MethodsTo address these concerns, this article builds on the TACT framework, which was developed to teach postgraduate students and those new to qualitative research to identify and apply rigorous principles and indicators in qualitative research. The research reported in this article focuses on creating a scale designed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the TACT framework. This involves analyzing the stability of its dimensions and understanding its effectiveness as a tool for teaching and research.ResultsThe study's findings indicate that the TACT framework, when assessed through the newly developed scale, exhibits stable dimensions consistent with rigorous qualitative research principles. The framework effectively guides postgraduate students and new researchers in assessing the rigor of qualitative research processes and outcomes.DiscussionThe application of the TACT framework and its evaluation scale reveals several insights. Firstly, it demonstrates the framework's utility in bridging the gap in pedagogical tools for teaching rigor in qualitative research methods. Secondly, it highlights the framework's potential in providing a structured approach to undertaking qualitative research, which is essential given this field's diverse methodologies and paradigms. However, the TACT framework remains a guide to enhancing rigor in qualitative research throughout all the various phases but by no means a measure of rigor.ConclusionIn conclusion, the TACT framework and its accompanying evaluative scale represent significant steps toward standardizing and enhancing the rigor of qualitative research, particularly for postgraduate students and early career researchers. While it does not solve all challenges associated with obtaining and demonstrating rigor in qualitative research, it provides a valuable tool for assessing and ensuring research quality, thereby addressing some of the longstanding criticisms of the quality of research obtained through qualitative methods.

Abstract The divergence of total alkalinity (TA) from conservation with salinity (S) and relatively acidic conditions (pH) in surface seawater was suggested to explain the high prevalence of lightning superbolts in the Mediterranean sea, North sea and upwelling regions of the oceans. In this study we tested the combined effects of changes in S, TA and pH of Mediterranean sea surface water on the intensity of laboratory generated electrical sparks, which are considered to be analogous to cloud to sea-surface intensity of lightning discharges. The experimental results were used to develop a multivariate linear equation (MLE) of Lightning Flash Intensity (LFI) as a function of S, TA/S and pH. This relation was validated with wintertime (DJF) LFI measurements along a Mediterranean sea zonal profile during the period 2009–2020 compared to corresponding climate model outputs of S, TA and pH. Based on the resulting MLE, the combined effects of climate change, ocean acidification and the damming of the Nile, may have increased LFI in the Levantine Sea by 16 ± 14% until now relative to the pre-Aswan Dam period. Furthermore, assuming that salinization and acidification of the Levantine Sea will continue at current trends, the LFI is predicted to increase by 25 ± 13% by the year 2050.

Abstract Background Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) remains a therapeutic challenge and evidence for late-line treatments in real-life is limited. The present study investigates the efficacy and safety of an oral metronomic chemo-hormonal regimen including cyclophosphamide, etoposide, estramustine, ketoconazole and prednisolone (KEES) administered in a consecutive biweekly schedule. Methods A retrospective cohort study in two Swedish regions was conducted. Overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), biochemical response rate (bRR) and toxicities were analyzed. Results One hundred and twenty-three patients treated with KEES after initial treatment with at least a taxane or an androgen-receptor targeting agents (ARTA) were identified. Of those, 95 (77%) had received both agents and were the primary analysis population. Median (95% CI) OS and PFS in the pre-treated population were 12.3 (10.1–15.0) and 4.4 (3.8–5.5) months, respectively. Biochemical response, defined as ≥ 50% prostate-specific antigen (PSA) reduction, occurred in 26 patients (29%), and any PSA reduction in 59 (65%). PFS was independent of prior treatments used, and KEES seemed to be effective in late treatment lines. The bRR was higher compared to historical data of metronomic treatments in docetaxel and ARTA pre-treated populations. In multivariable analyses, performance status (PS) ≥ 2 and increasing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) predicted for worse OS. Nausea, fatigue, thromboembolic events and bone marrow suppression were the predominant toxicities. Conclusions KEES demonstrated meaningful efficacy in heavily pre-treated CRPC patients, especially those with PS 0–1 and lower baseline ALP, and had an acceptable toxicity profile.

In this paper, we first introduce the concepts of $ d $- and $ d^{-1} $-proximal Ćirić contraction mappings. Also, we present new definitions and notations by taking into account the lack of symmetry property of quasi-metric spaces. Moreover, we give some examples to support our definitions and notations. Then, we prove some right and left best proximity point results for these mappings on best orbitally complete quasi-metric spaces. Hence, we obtain some generalizations of famous results in the literature.

In this study, the coding theory defined for k-order Gaussian Fibonacci polynomials is rearranged by taking $ x = 1 $. We call this coding theory the k-order Gaussian Fibonacci coding theory. This coding method is based on the $ {Q_k}, {R_k} $ and $ E_n^{(k)} $ matrices. In this respect, it differs from the classical encryption method. Unlike classical algebraic coding methods, this method theoretically allows for the correction of matrix elements that can be infinite integers. Error detection criterion is examined for the case of $ k = 2 $ and this method is generalized to $ k $ and error correction method is given. In the simplest case, for $ k = 2 $, the correct capability of the method is essentially equal to 93.33%, exceeding all well-known correction codes. It appears that for a sufficiently large value of $ k $, the probability of decoding error is almost zero.

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A sudden shift to distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkiye strained teaching and learning activities, placing K-12 teachers in a novel context with challenges and opportunities to investigate. This study explores the teaching experiences and opinions of K-12 teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on challenges, advantages, and suggestions. Search queries were executed in leading databases (DergiPark, ULAKBIM TRDizin) to locate potential studies. Twenty-two studies meeting the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria were subjected to a rigorous and iterative thematic analysis using the qualitative meta-synthesis approach. The results revealed significant challenges categorized into ten themes: shortcomings in technology and infrastructure, student motivation and engagement, technology literacy, and social and emotional well-being. The results also highlighted key advantages of distance education in eight categories such as learning improvement, flexibility and convenience, and digital tools and resources. Additionally, the study identified valuable suggestions that contribute to the success of distance education, such as adapting curriculum, increasing access to technology, strengthening internet infrastructure, providing teacher training and support, developing engaging and interactive instructional materials, and improving communication and collaboration between students and teachers. The study results inform the development of evidence-based practices and policies that can support K-12 teachers in providing quality online education during times of crisis.

Abstract Long lockdowns, food shortages, and the inability to receive basic primary healthcare have aggravated the effects of pandemics. However, most studies have focused on the health problems of the infected people or the measures employed to keep the disease under control. This cross-sectional study focused primarily on the mental health issues of employees. By employing a convenient sampling method, we reached 237 respondents (135 with coronavirus history) to assess the impact of the pandemic on employees. Multivariate causal relationships were assessed with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The predictors included internal entrapment (INT) and difficulty identifying feelings (DIF), which are significant predictors of depression (DEPR). DIF was found to be a significant predictor of INT and EXT feelings, while FEAR was found to be a significant predictor of INT, DIF, and DEPR. Quality of life (QoL) was found to be a significant predictor of DIF and DDF, DEPR, EXT and INT, and FEAR. The results also showed that DIF mainly manifested its effect on depression through INT. The DEPR level of employees working only from home was higher than that of other employees. The depression levels of women, young employees, and those whose QoL was adversely affected by the coronavirus were higher than the rest.

Objective:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional and oncological outcomes of total glossectomy with laryngeal preservation (TGLP) compared to near-total glossectomy with laryngeal preservation (nTGLP).Methods:In this retrospective study, the data of 23 patients who underwent either TGLP or nTGLP between January 2010 and December 2020 in a tertiary university hospital were analyzed. The data including demographic findings, tumor stage, extent of surgery and technique, method of reconstruction, complications, overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS), and tracheostomy and gastric tube dependence during follow-up were assessed.Results:Of the 23 eligible patients, 15 had undergone nTGLP (Group 1) and 8 had undergone TGLP (Group 2). Tracheostomy dependence and gastric tube dependence rates at the sixth month were 3/19 (15.7%) and 12/19 (63.1%), respectively, with no significant differences between the two groups. OS and RFS at one year were 47.6% and 27.8%, respectively, for the study population. OS rate showed significance with nodal positivity and extranodal extension (p=0.004 for both) only, but not within patient groups (p=0.734).Conclusion:Both TGLP and nTGLP are feasible treatment options in patients with advanced tongue cancer with no differences in terms of functional and oncological results. Survival rates are still not satisfactory, and recurrences are high despite appropriate treatments. Proper selection of patients who are highly motivated and willing for long-term postoperative rehabilitation is essential.

In this paper, we introduce a new concept of KW-type ω-contraction mixed multivalued mapping. After that, we obtain some fixed point results for both multivalued and single valued mappings Finally, we provide a noteworth example to show the effectiveness of our result.

Recent studies have consistently demonstrated that antisocial behaviors occur in online environments. Although online antisocial behavior has a long history, it appears to have become more widespread in recent years due to the widespread use of online social networks. Although there are established criteria and instruments assessing antisocial behavior there are few examining such behavior online. Therefore, the present study aimed to develop the Online Antisocial Personality Scale (OAPS). The OAPS was developed using the diagnostic criteria for antisocial personality disorder in DSM-5. The OAPS assesses antisocial behavior in online environments. The present study comprised 447 adolescents (219 girls and 228 boys) from four different samples. The measures used included the Online Antisocial Personality Scale (OAPS), E-Bullying Scale (E-BS), and Personality Belief Questionnaire-Short Form (PBQ-STF). The structural validity of OAPS was investigated with exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and criterion validity. When validity and reliability analysis of the OAPS are considered as a whole, it is concluded that the OAPS is a valid and reliable scale that assesses online antisocial personality among adolescents.

Migration continues to emerge as a significant issue in the present day, extending beyond its historical context. This phenomenon not only forms a broad spectrum of impact in social, economic, and cultural realms but also holds notable consequences in the realm of education. Migration, on one hand, has the potential to stimulate cultural interaction, enhancing diversity in knowledge and experience. On the other hand, immigrant individuals may encounter early challenges such as educational inequalities or negative attitudes. This intricate relationship between migration and education contributes to cultural development while simultaneously bringing about areas of societal conflict. Understanding the effects of migration on the younger generation falls within the responsibilities of Psychological Counseling and Guidance (PCG) teachers. These educators aim to support students' academic, personal, social, and emotional development, particularly addressing the challenges posed by the education of immigrant students in the context of social diversity. Research on understanding the attitudes among school stakeholders towards immigrant students contributes valuable insights to this field. In this context, the study is an original work focusing on the perspectives of PCG teachers concerning the attitudes of other stakeholders in schools with immigrant students in private schools. Conducted using qualitative research methods and the phenomenology design, the study involved 12 PCG teachers working in private schools in Gaziantep, Kilis, and Mersin, which are among Turkey's cities experiencing significant migration. Data collected through interviews were analyzed using content analysis. The findings revealed that, overall, teachers and students in private schools with immigrant students tended to have a positive attitude, while parents held a negative outlook. A collective evaluation of all data suggests a notably positive perception and attitude toward immigrant students.

The main purpose of this study is to examine the effect of promotional activities applied in e-commerce on the consumer behavior of individuals living and shopping in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. The study was conducted using quantitative research method based on Söker's (2022) scale form. The population of the study consists of all individuals residing and shopping in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, while the sample consists of 336 consumers. The reliability of the collected data was evaluated in the analyzes carried out using SPSS 28.00 program. According to the results of the research, there is a general perception among the respondents that promotional sales strategies are effective on consumers. In particular, promotions such as second item free have the potential to influence respondents' purchasing decisions. The distribution of discount coupons and the use of fair/exhibition booths on digital platforms are other types of promotions that are viewed positively. However, some respondents expressed reservations towards certain promotional strategies. For example, 15.2% had a negative attitude towards discount coupons, while 33.3% believed that promotional products are generally not preferred. These results suggest that the impact of promotional strategies is not the same for everyone and that businesses need to understand their target audience well. In conclusion, promotional selling strategies are generally perceived positively, but some consumers have reservations about such strategies. These findings emphasize the need for businesses to carefully plan their promotional strategies and understand their target audiences.

This study aims to examine the self- confidence and self-efficacy levels of soccer referees. It was conducted with relational using survey model quantitative research method. The sample of the study consisted of 100 people working as football referees in Nicosia, Famagusta, Kyrenia, Güzelyurt and Iskele districts in TRNC. As data collection tools, a form containing personal information of the participants, the Self-Confidence Scale developed by Akin (2007) and the Referee Self-Efficacy Scale developed by Myers, Feltz, Gullien, and Dithurbide (2012) and the Turkish validity oath reliability study conducted by Karaçam and Pulur (2017) were used. According to the data obtained, it is seen that soccer referees generally have a high level of self-confidence and self-efficacy. Of particular, it is noteworthy that the average values of general self-confidence and general self-efficacy are quite high. However, there are lower means values in some areas in the subscales, indicating that there is potential for improvement in certain areas. Moreover, a positive oath significant relationship was found between self-efficacy levels of soccer referees oath internal self-confidence. Similar to a positive oath significant relationship was found between external self-confidence and self-efficacy levels (Sertel, Gökbörü & Yinal, 2023). Similar results were obtained by examining self-efficacy in general, and positive oath significant relationships were found between physical self-efficacy, game knowledge, decision making, pressure oath communication and self-efficacy. However, the relationship between external self-confidence and self-efficacy was not statistically significant the effect of general self-confidence on self-efficacy levels are statistically uncertain As a result, it is seen that external self-confidence does not have a significant role in explaining self-efficacy levels, but the The effect of general self-confidence is uncertain. Others variables may need to be taken into consideration to further explain this model.

Objective:To compare HbA1c level with triglyceride/HDL cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio and triglyceride glucose (TyG) Index and to show its relationship with HbA1c level.Method:Our study was carried out retrospectively on patients who applied to the Department of General Internal Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University Hospital, Turkey, between January 1, 2015 and January 1, 2020. The study is a retrospective review of 2,938 patients. HbA1c, triglyceride, and glucose values of the patients were recorded. TyG index and TG/HDL-C) ratio were found by calculating. Patients were grouped according to their HbA1c levels, TyG index and triglyceride/HDL cholesterol ratios.Results:We found that the TG/HDL-C ratio and the TyG index were statistically significantly lower as the HbA1c level decreased. When we grouped the patients according to their gender, we found that male patients had higher HbA1c, higher TyG index and TG/HDL-C ratio than female patients.Conclusion:We found a positive correlation between HbA1c levels and TG/HDL-C ratio and TyG index. Considering other studies in the literature, according to the results of our study, we predict an increased risk of coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease in patients with poor glycemic control.

Objective:The purpose of this study was to analyze the treatment outcomes and postoperative complications of tracheal resection in patients under the age of 19 years with post-intubation tracheal stenosis, and to compare the results with those of adults.Methods:Data were retrospectively retrieved from the medical records, including demographic characteristics, perioperative features, any postoperative complications and follow-up statuses of the patients. Treatment results and postoperative complications were compared between adolescent and adult groups.Results:Overall, anastomotic and non-anastomotic complication rates in the adolescent group and the adult group were 40%, 40%, 10% and 63%, 44.4%, 33.3%, respectively. Overall treatment success rates based on tracheostomy tube and tracheal stent free status were 90% and 92.6% in adolescent and adults, respectively.Conclusion:Treatment success rates and incidence of anastomotic complications were found similar in patients under the age of 19 years and adult patients who underwent single-stage tracheal resection and end to end anastomosis for treatment of post-intubation tracheal stenosis.

In this research, we have developed an energy-efficient modified version of the traditional Tchar stove for household use. The gasifier and charcoal stoves of a traditional Tchar have been incorporated into a single structure by movable fuel bed and pot support for the ease of operation .Traditional Tchar stove utilizes unidirectional preheated secondary air stream, which is unable to reach the flame core efficiently, and results in poor combustion. The modified Tchar stove under this study was designed with the provision of two preheated secondary air streams from opposite direction for crossflow mixing of secondary air and gaseous fuel for improved combustion. The characteristics parameters of the modified Tchar stove were measured following the standard water boiling test (WBT) method to compare with previously reported models. The high power (cold start), and simmering phases were used in WBT for the evaluation of the thermal performance of the modified Tchar stove. The thermal efficiency of the Tchar stove was 39.64±2.29% for the cold start high power phase and 51±3.12% for the low power simmering phase, respectively. In the cold start high power phase, the specific energy consumption values ranged from 1465.99 to 1855.9 kJ/liter. The thermal efficiency of the modified Tchar stove increased with decreasing firepower (kW). The designed stove allows enhanced heat transfer both at low and high fire power with its moveable structure. Moreover, it gives better combustion due to the cross-flow air mixing, which makes it a better alternative compared to the traditional Tchar stove.

BACKGROUND: Up to half of the patients requesting postpartum permanent contraception do not undergo the desired procedure. Although nonfulfillment of desired postpartum permanent contraception is associated with increased risk of pregnancy within 12 months of delivery, its long-term reproductive and maternal health outcomes are less clear. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the association of fulfillment of postpartum permanent contraception with number and timing of subsequent pregnancies and maternal health outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective single-center cohort chart review study of health outcomes in the 4 years following delivery (2016–2018) for 1331 patients with a documented contraceptive plan of female permanent contraception at time of postpartum discharge from 2012 to 2014. Rates of permanent contraception fulfillment within 90 days of delivery and clinical and demographic characteristics associated with permanent contraception were calculated. We determined number of and time to subsequent pregnancies, and diagnoses of medical comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, depression, anxiety, asthma, anemia), sexually transmitted infection, and pregnancy comorbidities (preterm birth, gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, postpartum hemorrhage, low birthweight, intrauterine fetal demise) in the 4 years following delivery. RESULTS: Of the 1331 patients desiring permanent contraception postpartum, 588 (44.1%) had their requests fulfilled within 90 days of delivery and 743 (55.8%) did not. Patients who achieved permanent contraception fulfillment tended to have attended more outpatient prenatal visits, delivered via cesarean delivery, and were older, married, college-educated, and privately insured. Patients who received their desired postpartum permanent contraception were less likely to have subsequent intrauterine pregnancies (P