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2. Neuropsychiatric manifestations in a patient with prolonged COVID-19 encephalopathy: case report and literature review

Author

O’Leary, J., McAndrew, J., Shukralla, A., and Murphy, K.C.

Abstract

AbstractWhile the respiratory complications of COVID-19 infection are now well known, psychiatric manifestations are an emerging issue. We report a case of prolonged encephalopathy secondary to COVID-19 which was associated with prominent neuropsychiatric features. The patient went on to develop sub-clinical seizures, a rare but recognised complication of SARS-CoV-2.

Published
2023
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6. Contributor contact details

Author

Laraia, Michele, primary, McIntyre, P.J., additional, LaGuardia, T.S., additional, Murphy, K.C., additional, Cross, M.T., additional, Green, T.H., additional, Adsley, I., additional, Negin, C.A., additional, Szilagyi, A., additional, Devgun, J.S., additional, Love, J., additional, Selling, H.A., additional, Dinner, P.J.C., additional, Thierfeldt, S., additional, Steiner, H., additional, Noynaert, L., additional, Michal, V., additional, Valencia, L., additional, Fellingham, L.R., additional, Atyeo, P.J., additional, Holdroyd, S.D., additional, Baecker, A., additional, Brown, G.A., additional, Griffiths, C., additional, Beckitt, S., additional, Meservey, R.H., additional, LeClair, A.N., additional, and Lemire, D.S., additional

Published
2012
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7. A systematic genomewide linkage study in 353 sib pairs with schizophrenia

Author

Williams, N.M., Norton, N., Williams, H., Ekholm, B., Hamshere, M.L., Lindblom, Y., Chowdari, K.V., Cardno, A.G., Zammit, S., Jones, L.A., Murphy, K.C., Sanders, R.D., McCarthy, G., Gray, M.Y., Jones, G., Holmans, P., Nimgaonkar, V., Adolfson, R., Osby, U., Terenius, L., Sedvall, G., O'Dnovan, M.C., and Owen, M.J.

Subjects
Human genetics -- Research, Schizophrenia -- Research, Biological sciences
Published
2003

8. Volatile and dislodgeable residues following triadimefon and MCPP application to turfgrass and implications for human exposure

Author

Murphy, K.C., Cooper, R.J., and Clark, J.M.

Subjects
Spraying and dusting residues in agriculture -- Health aspects, Pesticides -- Health aspects, Turfgrasses -- Environmental aspects, Agricultural industry, Business
Abstract

Volatilization can be a major route of pesticide loss following application to turfgrass areas. Consequently, a significant portion of applied pesticide may be available for human exposure via volatile and dislodgeable residues. In this study, volatile and dislodgeable residues were determined following application of triadimefon [1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) butanone], and MCPP [(+/-)-2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy) propionic acid], to an established plot of 'Penncross' creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.). For each application, a 10-m radius plot was sprayed and the Theoretical Profile Shape (TPS) method of Wilson was used to estimate volatile flux. Dislodgeable residues were concurrently determined by wiping treated turfgrass with a water dampened piece of cheesecloth. Less than 8% of the total applied triadimefon was measured as volatile residues with nearly all volatilization loss occurring within 5 to 7 d of application. Diurnal patterns of triadimefon volatilization were evident. Mid-day (1100-1500 h) triadimefon volatile flux on Days 2 (4.6 g [ha.sup.-2] [h.sup.-1]) and 3 (2.4 g [ha.sup.-2] [h.sup.-1]) was 2 and 1.4 times, respectively, greater than the average of morning and late afternoon volatile flux on these respective days. Less than 1% of the total applied MCPP was measured as volatile residue. Volatile MCPP residues decreased over time to nondetectable levels by Day 5. Both triadimefon and MCPP dislodgeable residues were greatest on Day 1 following application and dissipated over time. By Day 5, triadimefon dislodgeable residues decreased to 0.04% of the initial residue level immediately following application and MCPP dislodgeable residues were nondetectable. Inhalation and dermal exposures to humans were estimated from measured air concentrations and dislodgeable residues, respectively. Hazard quotients (HQs) were calculated for both volatile and dislodgeable residues of each pesticide. Exposures (i.e., doses) divided by reference doses (Rfds) resulted in hazard quotients (HQs). Triadimefon and MCPP volatile and dislodgeable residues resulted in HQs below 1.0 throughout the entire 15-d experimental period indicating that exposures were below any level expected to cause adverse health effects.

Published
1996

9. Volatile and dislodgeable residues following trichlorfon and isazofos application to turfgrass and implications for human exposure

Author

Murphy, K.C., Cooper, R.J., and Clark, J.M.

Subjects
Insecticides -- Health aspects, Turfgrasses -- Environmental aspects, Spraying and dusting residues in agriculture -- Health aspects, Agricultural industry, Business
Abstract

In this study, volatile and dislodgeable residues were determined following insecticide application of trichlorfon (dimethyl 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethylphosphonate) or isazofos (O-5-chloro-1-isopropyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl O,O-diethylphosphorothioate) to a 10-m radius plot of 'Penncross' creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) to assess human exposure and possible toxicity. Trichlorfon was applied either with or without irrigation following application, whereas isazofos application was always followed by irrigation. For all applications, less than 12% of applied insecticides were lost as measured volatile residues during the experimental sampling periods. Volatile loss declined in a diphasic pattern with most loss occurring within 5 to 7 d of application. Irrigation greatly reduced initial volatile and dislodgeable residues. Subsequent volatile and dislodgeable residues, however, increased substantially on Days 2 and 3 compared with residue levels in the absence of irrigation. Trichlorfon dislodgeable residues never exceeded 1% of applied compound in the absence of irrigation, whereas with irrigation, trichlorfon, and isazofos dislodgeable residues were never greater than 0.5% of applied compound. Irrigation increased the transformation of trichlorfon to DDVP (2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate), a more toxic insecticide. Inhalation and dermal exposures were estimated using measured air concentrations and dislodgeable residues, respectively, and hazard quotients (HQs) were calculated. A HQ less than 1 indicated that the residue level is below a concentration that might reasonably be expected to cause adverse effects in humans. Calculated inhalation HQs for volatile residues were equal to or less than 1 for all sampling periods except Days 1 (HQ = 5.0), 2 (HQ = 4.5) and 3 (HQ = 1.5) following isazofos application. Calculated dermal HQs from dislodgeable residues were equal to or less than 1 except for DDVP on Day 2 (HQ = 4.6) when trichlorfon application was followed by irrigation, and on Days 2 (HQ = 14.3) and 3 (HQ = 5.7) following isazofos application.

Published
1996

10. Genotype and psychological phenotype in tuberous sclerosis

Author

Lewis, J.C., Thomas, H.V., Murphy, K.C., and Sampson, J.R.

Subjects
Health
Abstract

J Med Genet 2004;41:203-207. doi: 10.1136/jmg.2003.012757 Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC, MIM 191090 and 191100) is an autosomal dominant, multisystem disorder characterised by the development of a variety of hamartomatous growths. [...]

Published
2004

12. Analysis of shared heritability in common disorders of the brain

Author

Anttila, V. Bulik-Sullivan, B. Finucane, H.K. Walters, R.K. Bras, J. Duncan, L. Escott-Price, V. Falcone, G.J. Gormley, P. Malik, R. Patsopoulos, N.A. Ripke, S. Wei, Z. Yu, D. Lee, P.H. Turley, P. Grenier-Boley, B. Chouraki, V. Kamatani, Y. Berr, C. Letenneur, L. Hannequin, D. Amouyel, P. Boland, A. Deleuze, J.-F. Duron, E. Vardarajan, B.N. Reitz, C. Goate, A.M. Huentelman, M.J. Ilyas Kamboh, M. Larson, E.B. Rogaeva, E. George-Hyslop, P.S. Hakonarson, H. Kukull, W.A. Farrer, L.A. Barnes, L.L. Beach, T.G. Yesim Demirci, F. Head, E. Hulette, C.M. Jicha, G.A. Kauwe, J.S.K. Kaye, J.A. Leverenz, J.B. Levey, A.I. Lieberman, A.P. Pankratz, V.S. Poon, W.W. Quinn, J.F. Saykin, A.J. Schneider, L.S. Smith, A.G. Sonnen, J.A. Stern, R.A. Van Deerlin, V.M. Van Eldik, L.J. Harold, D. Russo, G. Rubinsztein, D.C. Bayer, A. Tsolaki, M. Proitsi, P. Fox, N.C. Hampel, H. Owen, M.J. Mead, S. Passmore, P. Morgan, K. Nöthen, M.M. Rossor, M. Lupton, M.K. Hoffmann, P. Kornhuber, J. Lawlor, B. McQuillin, A. Al-Chalabi, A. Bis, J.C. Ruiz, A. Boada, M. Seshadri, S. Beiser, A. Rice, K. Van Der Lee, S.J. De Jager, P.L. Geschwind, D.H. Riemenschneider, M. Riedel-Heller, S. Rotter, J.I. Ransmayr, G. Hyman, B.T. Cruchaga, C. Alegret, M. Winsvold, B. Palta, P. Farh, K.-H. Cuenca-Leon, E. Furlotte, N. Kurth, T. Ligthart, L. Terwindt, G.M. Freilinger, T. Ran, C. Gordon, S.D. Borck, G. Adams, H.H.H. Lehtimäki, T. Wedenoja, J. Buring, J.E. Schürks, M. Hrafnsdottir, M. Hottenga, J.-J. Penninx, B. Artto, V. Kaunisto, M. Vepsäläinen, S. Martin, N.G. Montgomery, G.W. Kurki, M.I. Hämäläinen, E. Huang, H. Huang, J. Sandor, C. Webber, C. Muller-Myhsok, B. Schreiber, S. Salomaa, V. Loehrer, E. Göbel, H. Macaya, A. Pozo-Rosich, P. Hansen, T. Werge, T. Kaprio, J. Metspalu, A. Kubisch, C. Ferrari, M.D. Belin, A.C. Van Den Maagdenberg, A.M.J.M. Zwart, J.-A. Boomsma, D. Eriksson, N. Olesen, J. Chasman, D.I. Nyholt, D.R. Avbersek, A. Baum, L. Berkovic, S. Bradfield, J. Buono, R. Catarino, C.B. Cossette, P. De Jonghe, P. Depondt, C. Dlugos, D. Ferraro, T.N. French, J. Hjalgrim, H. Jamnadas-Khoda, J. Kälviäinen, R. Kunz, W.S. Lerche, H. Leu, C. Lindhout, D. Lo, W. Lowenstein, D. McCormack, M. Møller, R.S. Molloy, A. Ng, P.-W. Oliver, K. Privitera, M. Radtke, R. Ruppert, A.-K. Sander, T. Schachter, S. Schankin, C. Scheffer, I. Schoch, S. Sisodiya, S.M. Smith, P. Sperling, M. Striano, P. Surges, R. Neil Thomas, G. Visscher, F. Whelan, C.D. Zara, F. Heinzen, E.L. Marson, A. Becker, F. Stroink, H. Zimprich, F. Gasser, T. Gibbs, R. Heutink, P. Martinez, M. Morris, H.R. Sharma, M. Ryten, M. Mok, K.Y. Pulit, S. Bevan, S. Holliday, E. Attia, J. Battey, T. Boncoraglio, G. Thijs, V. Chen, W.-M. Mitchell, B. Rothwell, P. Sharma, P. Sudlow, C. Vicente, A. Markus, H. Kourkoulis, C. Pera, J. Raffeld, M. Silliman, S. Perica, V.B. Thornton, L.M. Huckins, L.M. William Rayner, N. Lewis, C.M. Gratacos, M. Rybakowski, F. Keski-Rahkonen, A. Raevuori, A. Hudson, J.I. Reichborn-Kjennerud, T. Monteleone, P. Karwautz, A. Mannik, K. Baker, J.H. O'Toole, J.K. Trace, S.E. Davis, O.S.P. Helder, S.G. Ehrlich, S. Herpertz-Dahlmann, B. Danner, U.N. Van Elburg, A.A. Clementi, M. Forzan, M. Docampo, E. Lissowska, J. Hauser, J. Tortorella, A. Maj, M. Gonidakis, F. Tziouvas, K. Papezova, H. Yilmaz, Z. Wagner, G. Cohen-Woods, S. Herms, S. Julia, A. Rabionet, R. Dick, D.M. Ripatti, S. Andreassen, O.A. Espeseth, T. Lundervold, A.J. Steen, V.M. Pinto, D. Scherer, S.W. Aschauer, H. Schosser, A. Alfredsson, L. Padyukov, L. Halmi, K.A. Mitchell, J. Strober, M. Bergen, A.W. Kaye, W. Szatkiewicz, J.P. Cormand, B. Ramos-Quiroga, J.A. Sánchez-Mora, C. Ribasés, M. Casas, M. Hervas, A. Arranz, M.J. Haavik, J. Zayats, T. Johansson, S. Williams, N. Dempfle, A. Rothenberger, A. Kuntsi, J. Oades, R.D. Banaschewski, T. Franke, B. Buitelaar, J.K. Vasquez, A.A. Doyle, A.E. Reif, A. Lesch, K.-P. Freitag, C. Rivero, O. Palmason, H. Romanos, M. Langley, K. Rietschel, M. Witt, S.H. Dalsgaard, S. Børglum, A.D. Waldman, I. Wilmot, B. Molly, N. Bau, C.H.D. Crosbie, J. Schachar, R. Loo, S.K. McGough, J.J. Grevet, E.H. Medland, S.E. Robinson, E. Weiss, L.A. Bacchelli, E. Bailey, A. Bal, V. Battaglia, A. Betancur, C. Bolton, P. Cantor, R. Celestino-Soper, P. Dawson, G. De Rubeis, S. Duque, F. Green, A. Klauck, S.M. Leboyer, M. Levitt, P. Maestrini, E. Mane, S. Moreno-De-Luca, D. Parr, J. Regan, R. Reichenberg, A. Sandin, S. Vorstman, J. Wassink, T. Wijsman, E. Cook, E. Santangelo, S. Delorme, R. Roge, B. Magalhaes, T. Arking, D. Schulze, T.G. Thompson, R.C. Strohmaier, J. Matthews, K. Melle, I. Morris, D. Blackwood, D. McIntosh, A. Bergen, S.E. Schalling, M. Jamain, S. Maaser, A. Fischer, S.B. Reinbold, C.S. Fullerton, J.M. Guzman-Parra, J. Mayoral, F. Schofield, P.R. Cichon, S. Mühleisen, T.W. Degenhardt, F. Schumacher, J. Bauer, M. Mitchell, P.B. Gershon, E.S. Rice, J. Potash, J.B. Zandi, P.P. Craddock, N. Nicol Ferrier, I. Alda, M. Rouleau, G.A. Turecki, G. Ophoff, R. Pato, C. Anjorin, A. Stahl, E. Leber, M. Czerski, P.M. Cruceanu, C. Jones, I.R. Posthuma, D. Andlauer, T.F.M. Forstner, A.J. Streit, F. Baune, B.T. Air, T. Sinnamon, G. Wray, N.R. MacIntyre, D.J. Porteous, D. Homuth, G. Rivera, M. Grove, J. Middeldorp, C.M. Hickie, I. Pergadia, M. Mehta, D. Smit, J.H. Jansen, R. De Geus, E. Dunn, E. Li, Q.S. Nauck, M. Schoevers, R.A. Beekman, A.T.F. Knowles, J.A. Viktorin, A. Arnold, P. Barr, C.L. Bedoya-Berrio, G. Joseph Bienvenu, O. Brentani, H. Burton, C. Camarena, B. Cappi, C. Cath, D. Cavallini, M. Cusi, D. Darrow, S. Denys, D. Derks, E.M. Dietrich, A. Fernandez, T. Figee, M. Freimer, N. Gerber, G. Grados, M. Greenberg, E. Hanna, G.L. Hartmann, A. Hirschtritt, M.E. Hoekstra, P.J. Huang, A. Huyser, C. Illmann, C. Jenike, M. Kuperman, S. Leventhal, B. Lochner, C. Lyon, G.J. Macciardi, F. Madruga-Garrido, M. Malaty, I.A. Maras, A. McGrath, L. Miguel, E.C. Mir, P. Nestadt, G. Nicolini, H. Okun, M.S. Pakstis, A. Paschou, P. Piacentini, J. Pittenger, C. Plessen, K. Ramensky, V. Ramos, E.M. Reus, V. Richter, M.A. Riddle, M.A. Robertson, M.M. Roessner, V. Rosário, M. Samuels, J.F. Sandor, P. Stein, D.J. Tsetsos, F. Van Nieuwerburgh, F. Weatherall, S. Wendland, J.R. Wolanczyk, T. Worbe, Y. Zai, G. Goes, F.S. McLaughlin, N. Nestadt, P.S. Grabe, H.-J. Depienne, C. Konkashbaev, A. Lanzagorta, N. Valencia-Duarte, A. Bramon, E. Buccola, N. Cahn, W. Cairns, M. Chong, S.A. Cohen, D. Crespo-Facorro, B. Crowley, J. Davidson, M. DeLisi, L. Dinan, T. Donohoe, G. Drapeau, E. Duan, J. Haan, L. Hougaard, D. Karachanak-Yankova, S. Khrunin, A. Klovins, J. Kučinskas, V. Keong, J.L.C. Limborska, S. Loughland, C. Lönnqvist, J. Maher, B. Mattheisen, M. McDonald, C. Murphy, K.C. Nenadic, I. Van Os, J. Pantelis, C. Pato, M. Petryshen, T. Quested, D. Roussos, P. Sanders, A.R. Schall, U. Schwab, S.G. Sim, K. So, H.-C. Stögmann, E. Subramaniam, M. Toncheva, D. Waddington, J. Walters, J. Weiser, M. Cheng, W. Cloninger, R. Curtis, D. Gejman, P.V. Henskens, F. Mattingsdal, M. Oh, S.-Y. Scott, R. Webb, B. Breen, G. Churchhouse, C. Bulik, C.M. Daly, M. Dichgans, M. Faraone, S.V. Guerreiro, R. Holmans, P. Kendler, K.S. Koeleman, B. Mathews, C.A. Price, A. Scharf, J. Sklar, P. Williams, J. Wood, N.W. Cotsapas, C. Palotie, A. Smoller, J.W. Sullivan, P. Rosand, J. Corvin, A. Neale, B.M. The Brainstorm Consortium

Abstract

Disorders of the brain can exhibit considerable epidemiological comorbidity and often share symptoms, provoking debate about their etiologic overlap. We quantified the genetic sharing of 25 brain disorders from genome-wide association studies of 265,218 patients and 784,643 control participants and assessed their relationship to 17 phenotypes from 1,191,588 individuals. Psychiatric disorders share common variant risk, whereas neurological disorders appear more distinct from one another and from the psychiatric disorders. We also identified significant sharing between disorders and a number of brain phenotypes, including cognitive measures. Further, we conducted simulations to explore how statistical power, diagnostic misclassification, and phenotypic heterogeneity affect genetic correlations. These results highlight the importance of common genetic variation as a risk factor for brain disorders and the value of heritability-based methods in understanding their etiology. © 2018 American Association for the Advancement of Science. All rights reserved.

Published
2018

15. Age at first birth in women is genetically associated with increased risk of schizophrenia

Author

Ni, G. (Guiyan), Gratten, J. (Jacob), Wray, N.R. (Naomi R.), Lee, S.H. (Sang Hong), Ripke, S. (Stephan), Neale, B.M. (Benjamin), Corvin, A. (Aiden), Walters, J.T. (James), Farh, K.-H. (Kai-How), Holmans, P.A. (Peter A.), Lee, P.H. (Phil H.), Bulik-Sullivan, B.K. (Brendan), Collier, D.A. (David), Huang, H. (Hailiang), Pers, T.H. (Tune), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Agerbo, E. (Esben), Albus, M. (Margot), Alexander, M. (Madeline), Amin, F. (Farooq), Bacanu, S.A. (Silviu), Begemann, M. (Martin), Belliveau, R.A. (Richard A.), Bene, J. (Judit), Bergen, S.E. (Sarah), Bevilacqua, E. (Elizabeth), Bigdeli, T.B. (Tim B.), Black, D.W. (Donald), Bruggeman, R. (Richard), Buccola, N.G. (Nancy G), Buckner, M., Byerley, W.F. (William F), Cahn, W. (Wiepke), Cai, G. (Guiqing), Campion, D. (Dominique), Cantor, R.M., Carr, V.J. (Vaughan J.), Carrera, N. (Noa), Catts, S.V. (Stanley), Chambert, K. (Kimberly), Chan, R.C.K. (Raymond C. K.), Chen, R.Y.L. (Ronald Y.), Chen, E.Y.H. (Eric Y. H.), Cheng, W. (Wei), Cheung, E.F.C. (Eric F. C.), Chong, S.A. (Siow Ann), Cloninger, C.R. (C Robert), Cohen, D.J. (David J.), Cohen, N. (Nadine), Cormican, P. (Paul), Craddock, N.J. (Nick), Crowley, J.J. (James), Curtis, D. (David), Davidson, M.W. (Michael ), Davis, K.L. (Kenneth), Degenhardt, F., Del-Favero, J. (Jurgen), Demontis, D. (Ditte), Dikeos, D. (Dimitris), Dinan, T. (Timothy), Djurovic, S. (Srdjan), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Drapeau, E. (Elodie), Duan, J. (Jubao), Dudbridge, F. (Frank), Durmishi, N. (Naser), Eichhammer, P. (Peter), Hagen, K. (Knut), Escott-Price, V. (Valentina), Essioux, L. (Laurent), Fanous, A.H. (Ayman H.), Farrell, M.S. (Martilias), Frank, J. (Josef), Franke, L. (Lude), Freedman, R. (Robert), Freimer, N.B. (Nelson), Friedl, M., Friedman, J.I. (Joseph), Fromer, M. (Menachem), Genovese, G. (Giulio), Georgieva, I. (Irina), Giegling, I. (Ina), Giusti-Rodríguez, P. (Paola), Godard, S. (Stephanie), Goldstein, J.I. (Jacqueline), Golimbet, V. (Vera), Gopal, R. (Robin), Haan, L. (Lieuwe) de, Hammer, C. (Christian), Hamshere, M.L. (Marian), Hansen, M. (Mark), Hansen, T. (Thomas), Haroutunian, V. (Vahram), Hartmann, A.M. (Annette M.), Henskens, F.A. (Frans), Herms, S. (Stefan), Hirschhorn, J.N. (Joel), Hoffmann, P. (Per), Hofman, A. (Andrea), Hollegaard, M.V. (Mads V), Hougaard, D.M. (David), Ikeda, M. (Masashi), Joa, I. (Inge), Juliá, A. (Antonio), Kahn, R. (René), Kalaydjieva, L. (Luba), Karachanak-Yankova, S. (Sena), Karjalainen, J. (Juha), Kavanagh, D. (David), Keller, M.C. (Matthew C), Kennedy, J.L., Khrunin, A. (Andrey), Kim, Y. (Yunjung), Klovins, J. (Janis), Knowles, J.A. (James A), Konte, B. (Bettina), Kučinskas, V. (Vaidutis), Kucinskiene, Z.A. (Zita Ausrele), Kuzelova-Ptackova, H. (Hana), Kähler, J. (Jan), Laurent, C. (Camille), Keong, J.L.C. (Jimmy Lee Chee), Legge, S.E. (Sophie), Lerer, B. (Bernard), Li, M. (Miaoxin), Li, T. (Tao), Liang, K.-Y. (Kung-Yee), Lieberman, A.P. (Andrew), Limborska, S. (Svetlana), Loughland, C.M. (Carmel), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Lönnqvist, J. (Jouko), Macek, M. (Milan MI), Magnusson, P.K. (Patrik), Maher, B.S. (Brion), Maier, W. (Wolfgang), Mallet, V. (Vincent), Marsal, S. (Sara), Mattheisen, M. (Manuel), Mattingsdal, M. (Morten), McCarley, R.W. (Robert), McDonald, C. (Colm), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), Meier, S., Meijer, C. (Carin), Melegh, B. (Bela), Melle, I. (Ingrid), Mesholam-Gately, R.I. (Raquelle), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Michie, P.T. (Patricia), Milani, L. (Lili), Milanova, V. (Vihra), Mokrab, Y. (Younes), Morris, D.W. (Derek W.), Mors, O., Murphy, K.C. (Kieran), Murray, R. (Robin), Myin-Germeys, I. (Inez), Müller-Myhsok, B. (B.), Nelis, M. (Mari), Nenadic, I. (Igor), Nertney, D.A. (Deborah), Nestadt, G. (Gerald), Nicodemus, K.K. (Kristin), Nikitina-Zake, L. (Liene), Nisenbaum, L. (Laura), Nordin, A. (Annelie), O'Callaghan, E. (Eadbhard), O'Dushlaine, C. (Colm), O'neill, F.A. (F. Anthony), Oh, S.-Y. (Sang-Yun), Olincy, A. (Ann), Olsen, L. (Line), Os, J.V. (Jim Van), Pantelis, C. (Christos), Papadimitriou, G.N. (George), Papiol, S. (Sergi), Parkhomenko, E. (Elena), Pato, C. (Carlos), Paunio, T. (Tiina), Pejovic-Milovancevic, M. (Milica), Perkins, D.O. (Diana O.), Pietiläinen, O.P.H. (Olli), Pimm, J. (Jonathan), Pocklington, A.J. (Andrew), Powell, J. (John), Price, A. (Alkes), Pulver, A.E. (Ann), Purcell, S.M. (Shaun M.), Quested, D.J. (Digby J), Rasmussen, H.B. (Henrik B), Reichenberg, A. (Abraham), Reimers, B. (Bernhard), Richards, A. (Alex), Roffman, J.L. (Joshua), Roussos, A. (Alexandra), Ruderfer, D. (Douglas), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Sanders, A.R. (Alan), Schall, J.D. (Jeffrey), Schubert, C.R. (Christian R.), Schulze, T.G. (Thomas), Schwab, S.G. (Sibylle G.), Scolnick, E. (Edward), Scott, R.J. (Rodney J.), Seidman, L.J. (Larry), Shi, J. (Jianxin), Sigurdsson, E. (Engilbert), Silagadze, T. (Teimuraz), Silverman, J.M. (Jeremy M.), Sim, K. (Kang), Slominsky, P. (Petr), Smoller, J.W., So, H.-C. (Hon-Cheong), Spencer, C.C.A. (Chris C.), Stahl, E.A. (Eli A.), Stefansson, H. (Hreinn), Steinberg, S. (Stacy), Stogmann, E. (Elisabeth), Straub, R.E. (Richard), Strengman, E. (Eric), Strohmaier, J. (Jana), Stroup, T.S. (T. Scott), Subramaniam, V. (Venkat), Suvisaari, J. (Jaana), Svrakic, D.M. (Dragan), Szatkiewicz, J.P. (Jin P.), Söderman, E. (Erik), Thirumalai, S. (Srinivasa), Toncheva, D. (Draga), Tosato, S. (Sarah), Veijola, J. (Juha), Waddington, J. (John), Walsh, D. (Dermot), Wang, D. (Dai), Wang, Q. (Qiang), Webb, B.T. (Bradley T.), Weiser, M. (Mark), Wildenauer, D.B. (Dieter), Williams, N.M. (Nigel M.), Williams, S. (Stephanie), Witt, S.H. (Stephanie H), Wolen, A.R. (Aaron), Wong, E.H.M. (Emily H.M.), Wormley, B.K. (Brandon K.), Xi, H.S. (Hualin Simon), Zai, C.C. (Clement C.), Zheng, X. (Xuebin), Zimprich, F. (Fritz), Zwart, J-A. (John-Anker), Visscher, P.M. (Peter), Adolfsson, R., Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Blackwood, D.H.R. (Douglas), Bramon, E. (Elvira), Buxbaum, J.D. (Joseph D.), Borglum, A.D. (Anders), Cichon, S. (Sven), Darvasi, A. (Ariel), Domenici, E. (Enrico), Ehrenreich, H. (Hannelore), Esko, T. (Tõnu), Gejman, P.V. (Pablo), Gill, M. (Michael), Gurling, H. (Hugh), Hultman, C.M. (Christina), Iwata, N. (Nakao), Jablensky, A. (Assen), Jönsson, E.G. (Erik), Kendler, K. (K.), Kirov, G. (George), Knight, J. (Jo), Lencz, T. (Todd), Levinson, D.F. (Douglas F.), Li, Q.S. (Qingqin S.), Liu, J. (Jianjun), Malhotra, A.K. (Anil K), McCarroll, S.A. (Steve), McQuillin, A. (Andrew), Moran, J.L. (Jennifer L.), Mortensen, P.B., Mowry, B.J. (Bryan J), Nöthen, M.M. (Markus), Ophoff, R.A. (Roel), Owen, M.J. (Michael), Palotie, A. (Aarno), Petryshen, T.L. (Tracey L.), Posthuma, D. (Danielle), Rietschel, M. (Marcella), Riley, B.P. (Brien P.), Rujescu, D. (Dan), Sham, P.C. (Pak C.), Sklar, P. (Pamela), Clair, D.S., Weinberger, D.R. (Daniel), Wendland, A. (Annika), Werge, T.M. (Thomas), Daly, M.J. (Mark J.), Sullivan, P.F. (Patrick), O'donovan, M.C. (Michael), Ni, G. (Guiyan), Gratten, J. (Jacob), Wray, N.R. (Naomi R.), Lee, S.H. (Sang Hong), Ripke, S. (Stephan), Neale, B.M. (Benjamin), Corvin, A. (Aiden), Walters, J.T. (James), Farh, K.-H. (Kai-How), Holmans, P.A. (Peter A.), Lee, P.H. (Phil H.), Bulik-Sullivan, B.K. (Brendan), Collier, D.A. (David), Huang, H. (Hailiang), Pers, T.H. (Tune), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Agerbo, E. (Esben), Albus, M. (Margot), Alexander, M. (Madeline), Amin, F. (Farooq), Bacanu, S.A. (Silviu), Begemann, M. (Martin), Belliveau, R.A. (Richard A.), Bene, J. (Judit), Bergen, S.E. (Sarah), Bevilacqua, E. (Elizabeth), Bigdeli, T.B. (Tim B.), Black, D.W. (Donald), Bruggeman, R. (Richard), Buccola, N.G. (Nancy G), Buckner, M., Byerley, W.F. (William F), Cahn, W. (Wiepke), Cai, G. (Guiqing), Campion, D. (Dominique), Cantor, R.M., Carr, V.J. (Vaughan J.), Carrera, N. (Noa), Catts, S.V. (Stanley), Chambert, K. (Kimberly), Chan, R.C.K. (Raymond C. K.), Chen, R.Y.L. (Ronald Y.), Chen, E.Y.H. (Eric Y. H.), Cheng, W. (Wei), Cheung, E.F.C. (Eric F. C.), Chong, S.A. (Siow Ann), Cloninger, C.R. (C Robert), Cohen, D.J. (David J.), Cohen, N. (Nadine), Cormican, P. (Paul), Craddock, N.J. (Nick), Crowley, J.J. (James), Curtis, D. (David), Davidson, M.W. (Michael ), Davis, K.L. (Kenneth), Degenhardt, F., Del-Favero, J. (Jurgen), Demontis, D. (Ditte), Dikeos, D. (Dimitris), Dinan, T. (Timothy), Djurovic, S. (Srdjan), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Drapeau, E. (Elodie), Duan, J. (Jubao), Dudbridge, F. (Frank), Durmishi, N. (Naser), Eichhammer, P. (Peter), Hagen, K. (Knut), Escott-Price, V. (Valentina), Essioux, L. (Laurent), Fanous, A.H. (Ayman H.), Farrell, M.S. (Martilias), Frank, J. (Josef), Franke, L. (Lude), Freedman, R. (Robert), Freimer, N.B. (Nelson), Friedl, M., Friedman, J.I. (Joseph), Fromer, M. (Menachem), Genovese, G. (Giulio), Georgieva, I. (Irina), Giegling, I. (Ina), Giusti-Rodríguez, P. (Paola), Godard, S. (Stephanie), Goldstein, J.I. (Jacqueline), Golimbet, V. (Vera), Gopal, R. (Robin), Haan, L. (Lieuwe) de, Hammer, C. (Christian), Hamshere, M.L. (Marian), Hansen, M. (Mark), Hansen, T. (Thomas), Haroutunian, V. (Vahram), Hartmann, A.M. (Annette M.), Henskens, F.A. (Frans), Herms, S. (Stefan), Hirschhorn, J.N. (Joel), Hoffmann, P. (Per), Hofman, A. (Andrea), Hollegaard, M.V. (Mads V), Hougaard, D.M. (David), Ikeda, M. (Masashi), Joa, I. (Inge), Juliá, A. (Antonio), Kahn, R. (René), Kalaydjieva, L. (Luba), Karachanak-Yankova, S. (Sena), Karjalainen, J. (Juha), Kavanagh, D. (David), Keller, M.C. (Matthew C), Kennedy, J.L., Khrunin, A. (Andrey), Kim, Y. (Yunjung), Klovins, J. (Janis), Knowles, J.A. (James A), Konte, B. (Bettina), Kučinskas, V. (Vaidutis), Kucinskiene, Z.A. (Zita Ausrele), Kuzelova-Ptackova, H. (Hana), Kähler, J. (Jan), Laurent, C. (Camille), Keong, J.L.C. (Jimmy Lee Chee), Legge, S.E. (Sophie), Lerer, B. (Bernard), Li, M. (Miaoxin), Li, T. (Tao), Liang, K.-Y. (Kung-Yee), Lieberman, A.P. (Andrew), Limborska, S. (Svetlana), Loughland, C.M. (Carmel), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Lönnqvist, J. (Jouko), Macek, M. (Milan MI), Magnusson, P.K. (Patrik), Maher, B.S. (Brion), Maier, W. (Wolfgang), Mallet, V. (Vincent), Marsal, S. (Sara), Mattheisen, M. (Manuel), Mattingsdal, M. (Morten), McCarley, R.W. (Robert), McDonald, C. (Colm), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), Meier, S., Meijer, C. (Carin), Melegh, B. (Bela), Melle, I. (Ingrid), Mesholam-Gately, R.I. (Raquelle), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Michie, P.T. (Patricia), Milani, L. (Lili), Milanova, V. (Vihra), Mokrab, Y. (Younes), Morris, D.W. (Derek W.), Mors, O., Murphy, K.C. (Kieran), Murray, R. (Robin), Myin-Germeys, I. (Inez), Müller-Myhsok, B. (B.), Nelis, M. (Mari), Nenadic, I. (Igor), Nertney, D.A. (Deborah), Nestadt, G. (Gerald), Nicodemus, K.K. (Kristin), Nikitina-Zake, L. (Liene), Nisenbaum, L. (Laura), Nordin, A. (Annelie), O'Callaghan, E. (Eadbhard), O'Dushlaine, C. (Colm), O'neill, F.A. (F. Anthony), Oh, S.-Y. (Sang-Yun), Olincy, A. (Ann), Olsen, L. (Line), Os, J.V. (Jim Van), Pantelis, C. (Christos), Papadimitriou, G.N. (George), Papiol, S. (Sergi), Parkhomenko, E. (Elena), Pato, C. (Carlos), Paunio, T. (Tiina), Pejovic-Milovancevic, M. (Milica), Perkins, D.O. (Diana O.), Pietiläinen, O.P.H. (Olli), Pimm, J. (Jonathan), Pocklington, A.J. (Andrew), Powell, J. (John), Price, A. (Alkes), Pulver, A.E. (Ann), Purcell, S.M. (Shaun M.), Quested, D.J. (Digby J), Rasmussen, H.B. (Henrik B), Reichenberg, A. (Abraham), Reimers, B. (Bernhard), Richards, A. (Alex), Roffman, J.L. (Joshua), Roussos, A. (Alexandra), Ruderfer, D. (Douglas), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Sanders, A.R. (Alan), Schall, J.D. (Jeffrey), Schubert, C.R. (Christian R.), Schulze, T.G. (Thomas), Schwab, S.G. (Sibylle G.), Scolnick, E. (Edward), Scott, R.J. (Rodney J.), Seidman, L.J. (Larry), Shi, J. (Jianxin), Sigurdsson, E. (Engilbert), Silagadze, T. (Teimuraz), Silverman, J.M. (Jeremy M.), Sim, K. (Kang), Slominsky, P. (Petr), Smoller, J.W., So, H.-C. (Hon-Cheong), Spencer, C.C.A. (Chris C.), Stahl, E.A. (Eli A.), Stefansson, H. (Hreinn), Steinberg, S. (Stacy), Stogmann, E. (Elisabeth), Straub, R.E. (Richard), Strengman, E. (Eric), Strohmaier, J. (Jana), Stroup, T.S. (T. Scott), Subramaniam, V. (Venkat), Suvisaari, J. (Jaana), Svrakic, D.M. (Dragan), Szatkiewicz, J.P. (Jin P.), Söderman, E. (Erik), Thirumalai, S. (Srinivasa), Toncheva, D. (Draga), Tosato, S. (Sarah), Veijola, J. (Juha), Waddington, J. (John), Walsh, D. (Dermot), Wang, D. (Dai), Wang, Q. (Qiang), Webb, B.T. (Bradley T.), Weiser, M. (Mark), Wildenauer, D.B. (Dieter), Williams, N.M. (Nigel M.), Williams, S. (Stephanie), Witt, S.H. (Stephanie H), Wolen, A.R. (Aaron), Wong, E.H.M. (Emily H.M.), Wormley, B.K. (Brandon K.), Xi, H.S. (Hualin Simon), Zai, C.C. (Clement C.), Zheng, X. (Xuebin), Zimprich, F. (Fritz), Zwart, J-A. (John-Anker), Visscher, P.M. (Peter), Adolfsson, R., Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Blackwood, D.H.R. (Douglas), Bramon, E. (Elvira), Buxbaum, J.D. (Joseph D.), Borglum, A.D. (Anders), Cichon, S. (Sven), Darvasi, A. (Ariel), Domenici, E. (Enrico), Ehrenreich, H. (Hannelore), Esko, T. (Tõnu), Gejman, P.V. (Pablo), Gill, M. (Michael), Gurling, H. (Hugh), Hultman, C.M. (Christina), Iwata, N. (Nakao), Jablensky, A. (Assen), Jönsson, E.G. (Erik), Kendler, K. (K.), Kirov, G. (George), Knight, J. (Jo), Lencz, T. (Todd), Levinson, D.F. (Douglas F.), Li, Q.S. (Qingqin S.), Liu, J. (Jianjun), Malhotra, A.K. (Anil K), McCarroll, S.A. (Steve), McQuillin, A. (Andrew), Moran, J.L. (Jennifer L.), Mortensen, P.B., Mowry, B.J. (Bryan J), Nöthen, M.M. (Markus), Ophoff, R.A. (Roel), Owen, M.J. (Michael), Palotie, A. (Aarno), Petryshen, T.L. (Tracey L.), Posthuma, D. (Danielle), Rietschel, M. (Marcella), Riley, B.P. (Brien P.), Rujescu, D. (Dan), Sham, P.C. (Pak C.), Sklar, P. (Pamela), Clair, D.S., Weinberger, D.R. (Daniel), Wendland, A. (Annika), Werge, T.M. (Thomas), Daly, M.J. (Mark J.), Sullivan, P.F. (Patrick), and O'donovan, M.C. (Michael)

Abstract

Previous studies have shown an increased risk for mental health problems in children born to both younger and older parents compared to children of average-aged parents. We previously used a novel design to reveal a latent mechanism of genetic association between schizophrenia and age at first birth in women (AFB). Here, we use independent data from the UK Biobank (N = 38,892) to replicate the finding of an association between predicted genetic risk of schizophrenia and AFB in women, and to estimate the genetic correlation between schizophrenia

Published
2018
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17. Contribution of copy number variants to schizophrenia from a genome-wide study of 41,321 subjects

Author

Marshall, C.R. (Christian), Howrigan, D.P. (Daniel P.), Merico, D. (Daniele), Thiruvahindrapuram, B. (Bhooma), Wu, W. (Wenting), Greer, D.S. (Douglas S.), Antaki, D. (Danny), Shetty, A. (Aniket), Holmans, P.A. (Peter A.), Pinto, D. (Duane), Gujral, M. (Madhusudan), Brandler, W.M. (William M.), Malhotra, D. (Dheeraj), Wang, Z. (Zhouzhi), Fuentes Fajarado, K.V. (Karin V.), Maile, M.S. (Michelle S.), Ripke, S. (Stephan), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Albus, M. (Margot), Alexander, M. (Madeline), Amin, F. (Farooq), Atkins, J. (Joshua), Bacanu, S.A. (Silviu), Belliveau, R.A. (Richard A.), Bergen, S.E. (Sarah), Bertalan, M. (Marcelo), Bevilacqua, E. (Elizabeth), Bigdeli, T.B. (Tim B.), Black, D.W. (Donald), Bruggeman, R. (Richard), Buccola, N.G. (Nancy G), Buckner, M., Bulik-Sullivan, B.K. (Brendan), Byerley, W.F. (William F), Cahn, W. (Wiepke), Cai, G. (Guiqing), Cairns, M.J. (Murray J.), Campion, D. (Dominique), Cantor, R.M., Carr, V.J. (Vaughan), Carrera, N. (Noa), Catts, S.V. (Stanley), Chambert, K. (Kimberly), Cheng, W. (Wei), Cloninger, C.R. (C Robert), Cohen, D.J. (David J.), Cormican, P. (Paul), Craddock, N.J. (Nick), Crespo-Facorro, B. (Benedicto), Crowley, J.J. (James), Curtis, D. (David), Davidson, M.W. (Michael ), Davis, K.L. (Kenneth), Degenhardt, F., Del-Favero, J. (Jurgen), Delisi, L.E. (Lynn), Dikeos, D. (Dimitris), Dinan, T. (Timothy), Djurovic, S. (Srdjan), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Drapeau, E. (Elodie), Duan, J. (Jubao), Dudbridge, F. (Frank), Eichhammer, P. (Peter), Hagen, K. (Knut), Escott-Price, V. (Valentina), Essioux, L. (Laurent), Fanous, A.H. (Ayman H.), Farh, K.-H. (Kai-How), Farrell, M.S. (Martilias), Frank, J. (Josef), Franke, L. (Lude), Freedman, R. (Robert), Freimer, N.B. (Nelson), Friedman, J.I. (Joseph), Forstner, A.J. (Andreas), Fromer, M. (Menachem), Genovese, G. (Giulio), Georgieva, I. (Irina), Gershon, E.S. (Elliot S.), Giegling, I. (Ina), Giusti-Rodríguez, P. (Paola), Godard, S. (Stephanie), Goldstein, J.I. (Jacqueline), Gratten, J. (Jacob), Haan, L. (Lieuwe) de, Hamshere, M.L. (Marian), Hansen, M. (Mark), Hansen, T. (Thomas), Haroutunian, V. (Vahram), Hartmann, A.M. (Annette M), Henskens, F.A. (Frans), Herms, S. (Stefan), Hirschhorn, J.N. (Joel), Hoffmann, P. (Per), Hofman, A. (Andrea), Huang, H. (Hailiang), Ikeda, M. (Masashi), Joa, I. (Inge), Kähler, J. (Jan), Kahn, R. (René), Kalaydjieva, L. (Luba), Karjalainen, J. (Juha), Kavanagh, D. (David), Keller, M.C. (Matthew C), Kelly, B.J. (Brian J.), Kennedy, J.L., Kim, Y. (Yunjung), Knowles, J.A. (James A), Konte, B. (Bettina), Laurent, C. (Camille), Lee, P.H. (Phil), Lee, S.U. (Seung), Legge, S.E. (Sophie), Lerer, B. (Bernard), Levy, D.L. (Deborah L.), Liang, K.-Y. (Kung-Yee), Lieberman, A.P. (Andrew), Lönnqvist, J. (Jouko), Loughland, C.M. (Carmel), Magnusson, P.K. (Patrik), Maher, B.S. (Brion), Maier, W. (Wolfgang), Mallet, V. (Vincent), Mattheisen, M. (Manuel), Mattingsdal, M. (Morten), McCarley, R.W. (Robert), McDonald, C. (Colm), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), Meier, S., Meijer, C. (Carin), Melle, I. (Ingrid), Mesholam-Gately, R.I. (Raquelle), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Michie, P.T. (Patricia), Milani, L. (Lili), Milanova, V. (Vihra), Mokrab, Y. (Younes), Morris, D.W. (Derek W), Müller-Myhsok, B. (B.), Murphy, K.C. (Kieran), Murray, R. (Robin), Myin-Germeys, I. (Inez), Nenadic, I. (Igor), Nertney, D.A. (Deborah), Nestadt, G. (Gerald), Nicodemus, K.K. (Kristin), Nisenbaum, L. (Laura), Nordin, A. (Annelie), O'Callaghan, E. (Eadbhard), O'Dushlaine, C. (Colm), Oh, S.-Y. (Sang-Yun), Olincy, A. (Ann), Olsen, L. (Line), O'Neill, F.A. (Francis), Os, J. (Jim) van, Pantelis, C. (Christos), Papadimitriou, G.N. (George), Parkhomenko, E. (Elena), Pato, C. (Carlos), Paunio, T. (Tiina), Perkins, D.O. (Diana O.), Pers, T.H. (Tune), Pietiläinen, O.P.H. (Olli), Pimm, J. (Jonathan), Pocklington, A.J. (Andrew), Powell, J. (John), Price, A. (Alkes), Pulver, A.E. (Ann), Purcell, S.M. (Shaun M.), Quested, D.J. (Digby J), Rasmussen, H.B. (Henrik B), Reichenberg, A. (Abraham), Reimers, B. (Bernhard), Richards, A. (Alex), Roffman, J.L. (Joshua), Roussos, A. (Alexandra), Ruderfer, D. (Douglas), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Sanders, A.R. (Alan), Savitz, A. (Adam), Schall, J.D. (Jeffrey), Schulze, T.G. (Thomas), Schwab, S.G. (Sibylle G.), Scolnick, E. (Edward), Scott, R.J. (Rodney), Seidman, L.J. (Larry), Shi, J. (Jianxin), Silverman, J.M. (Jeremy M.), Smoller, J.W., Söderman, E. (Erik), Spencer, C.C.A. (Chris C.), Stahl, E.A. (Eli A.), Strengman, E. (Eric), Strohmaier, J., Stroup, T.S. (T. Scott), Suvisaari, J. (Jaana), Svrakic, D.M. (Dragan), Szatkiewicz, J.P. (Jin P.), Thirumalai, S. (Srinivasa), Tooney, P.A. (Paul A.), Veijola, J. (Juha), Visscher, P.M. (Peter), Waddington, J. (Joanne), Walsh, D. (Dermot), Webb, B.T. (Bradley T.), Weiser, M. (Mark), Wildenauer, D.B. (Dieter), Williams, N.M. (Nigel M.), Williams, S. (Stephanie), Witt, S.H. (Stephanie H), Wolen, A.R. (Aaron), Wormley, B.K. (Brandon K.), Wray, N.R. (Naomi), Wu, J.Q. (Jing Qin), Zai, C.C. (Clement), Adolfsson, R., Andreassen, O.A. (Ole A.), Blackwood, D.H.R. (Douglas), Bramon, E. (Elvira), Buxbaum, J.D. (Joseph D), Cichon, S. (Sven), Collier, D.A. (David), Corvin, A. (Aiden), Daly, M.J. (Mark J.), Darvasi, A. (Ariel), Domenici, E. (Enrico), Esko, T. (Tõnu), Gejman, P.V. (Pablo), Gill, M. (Michael), Gurling, H. (Hugh), Hultman, C.M. (Christina), Iwata, N. (Nakao), Jablensky, A. (Assen), Jönsson, E.G. (Erik), Kendler, K. (K.), Kirov, G. (George), Knight, J. (Jo), Levinson, D.F. (Douglas F.), Li, Q.S. (Qingqin S.), McCarroll, S.A. (Steve), McQuillin, A. (Andrew), Moran, J.L. (Jennifer L), Mowry, B.J. (Bryan J), Nöthen, M.M. (Markus), Ophoff, R.A. (Roel A.), Owen, M.J. (Michael), Palotie, A. (Aarno), Petryshen, T.L. (Tracey), Posthuma, D. (Danielle), Rietschel, M. (Marcella), Riley, B.P. (Brien P.), Rujescu, D. (Dan), Sklar, P. (Pamela), St Clair, D. (David), Walters, J.T. (James), Werge, T.M. (Thomas), Sullivan, P.F. (Patrick), O'donovan, M.C. (Michael), Scherer, S.W. (Stephen), Neale, B.M. (Benjamin), Sebat, J. (Jonathan), Marshall, C.R. (Christian), Howrigan, D.P. (Daniel P.), Merico, D. (Daniele), Thiruvahindrapuram, B. (Bhooma), Wu, W. (Wenting), Greer, D.S. (Douglas S.), Antaki, D. (Danny), Shetty, A. (Aniket), Holmans, P.A. (Peter A.), Pinto, D. (Duane), Gujral, M. (Madhusudan), Brandler, W.M. (William M.), Malhotra, D. (Dheeraj), Wang, Z. (Zhouzhi), Fuentes Fajarado, K.V. (Karin V.), Maile, M.S. (Michelle S.), Ripke, S. (Stephan), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Albus, M. (Margot), Alexander, M. (Madeline), Amin, F. (Farooq), Atkins, J. (Joshua), Bacanu, S.A. (Silviu), Belliveau, R.A. (Richard A.), Bergen, S.E. (Sarah), Bertalan, M. (Marcelo), Bevilacqua, E. (Elizabeth), Bigdeli, T.B. (Tim B.), Black, D.W. (Donald), Bruggeman, R. (Richard), Buccola, N.G. (Nancy G), Buckner, M., Bulik-Sullivan, B.K. (Brendan), Byerley, W.F. (William F), Cahn, W. (Wiepke), Cai, G. (Guiqing), Cairns, M.J. (Murray J.), Campion, D. (Dominique), Cantor, R.M., Carr, V.J. (Vaughan), Carrera, N. (Noa), Catts, S.V. (Stanley), Chambert, K. (Kimberly), Cheng, W. (Wei), Cloninger, C.R. (C Robert), Cohen, D.J. (David J.), Cormican, P. (Paul), Craddock, N.J. (Nick), Crespo-Facorro, B. (Benedicto), Crowley, J.J. (James), Curtis, D. (David), Davidson, M.W. (Michael ), Davis, K.L. (Kenneth), Degenhardt, F., Del-Favero, J. (Jurgen), Delisi, L.E. (Lynn), Dikeos, D. (Dimitris), Dinan, T. (Timothy), Djurovic, S. (Srdjan), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Drapeau, E. (Elodie), Duan, J. (Jubao), Dudbridge, F. (Frank), Eichhammer, P. (Peter), Hagen, K. (Knut), Escott-Price, V. (Valentina), Essioux, L. (Laurent), Fanous, A.H. (Ayman H.), Farh, K.-H. (Kai-How), Farrell, M.S. (Martilias), Frank, J. (Josef), Franke, L. (Lude), Freedman, R. (Robert), Freimer, N.B. (Nelson), Friedman, J.I. (Joseph), Forstner, A.J. (Andreas), Fromer, M. (Menachem), Genovese, G. (Giulio), Georgieva, I. (Irina), Gershon, E.S. (Elliot S.), Giegling, I. (Ina), Giusti-Rodríguez, P. (Paola), Godard, S. (Stephanie), Goldstein, J.I. (Jacqueline), Gratten, J. (Jacob), Haan, L. (Lieuwe) de, Hamshere, M.L. (Marian), Hansen, M. (Mark), Hansen, T. (Thomas), Haroutunian, V. (Vahram), Hartmann, A.M. (Annette M), Henskens, F.A. (Frans), Herms, S. (Stefan), Hirschhorn, J.N. (Joel), Hoffmann, P. (Per), Hofman, A. (Andrea), Huang, H. (Hailiang), Ikeda, M. (Masashi), Joa, I. (Inge), Kähler, J. (Jan), Kahn, R. (René), Kalaydjieva, L. (Luba), Karjalainen, J. (Juha), Kavanagh, D. (David), Keller, M.C. (Matthew C), Kelly, B.J. (Brian J.), Kennedy, J.L., Kim, Y. (Yunjung), Knowles, J.A. (James A), Konte, B. (Bettina), Laurent, C. (Camille), Lee, P.H. (Phil), Lee, S.U. (Seung), Legge, S.E. (Sophie), Lerer, B. (Bernard), Levy, D.L. (Deborah L.), Liang, K.-Y. (Kung-Yee), Lieberman, A.P. (Andrew), Lönnqvist, J. (Jouko), Loughland, C.M. (Carmel), Magnusson, P.K. (Patrik), Maher, B.S. (Brion), Maier, W. (Wolfgang), Mallet, V. (Vincent), Mattheisen, M. (Manuel), Mattingsdal, M. (Morten), McCarley, R.W. (Robert), McDonald, C. (Colm), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), Meier, S., Meijer, C. (Carin), Melle, I. (Ingrid), Mesholam-Gately, R.I. (Raquelle), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Michie, P.T. (Patricia), Milani, L. (Lili), Milanova, V. (Vihra), Mokrab, Y. (Younes), Morris, D.W. (Derek W), Müller-Myhsok, B. (B.), Murphy, K.C. (Kieran), Murray, R. (Robin), Myin-Germeys, I. (Inez), Nenadic, I. (Igor), Nertney, D.A. (Deborah), Nestadt, G. (Gerald), Nicodemus, K.K. (Kristin), Nisenbaum, L. (Laura), Nordin, A. (Annelie), O'Callaghan, E. (Eadbhard), O'Dushlaine, C. (Colm), Oh, S.-Y. (Sang-Yun), Olincy, A. (Ann), Olsen, L. (Line), O'Neill, F.A. (Francis), Os, J. (Jim) van, Pantelis, C. (Christos), Papadimitriou, G.N. (George), Parkhomenko, E. (Elena), Pato, C. (Carlos), Paunio, T. (Tiina), Perkins, D.O. (Diana O.), Pers, T.H. (Tune), Pietiläinen, O.P.H. (Olli), Pimm, J. (Jonathan), Pocklington, A.J. (Andrew), Powell, J. (John), Price, A. (Alkes), Pulver, A.E. (Ann), Purcell, S.M. (Shaun M.), Quested, D.J. (Digby J), Rasmussen, H.B. (Henrik B), Reichenberg, A. (Abraham), Reimers, B. (Bernhard), Richards, A. (Alex), Roffman, J.L. (Joshua), Roussos, A. (Alexandra), Ruderfer, D. (Douglas), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Sanders, A.R. (Alan), Savitz, A. (Adam), Schall, J.D. (Jeffrey), Schulze, T.G. (Thomas), Schwab, S.G. (Sibylle G.), Scolnick, E. (Edward), Scott, R.J. (Rodney), Seidman, L.J. (Larry), Shi, J. (Jianxin), Silverman, J.M. (Jeremy M.), Smoller, J.W., Söderman, E. (Erik), Spencer, C.C.A. (Chris C.), Stahl, E.A. (Eli A.), Strengman, E. (Eric), Strohmaier, J., Stroup, T.S. (T. Scott), Suvisaari, J. (Jaana), Svrakic, D.M. (Dragan), Szatkiewicz, J.P. (Jin P.), Thirumalai, S. (Srinivasa), Tooney, P.A. (Paul A.), Veijola, J. (Juha), Visscher, P.M. (Peter), Waddington, J. (Joanne), Walsh, D. (Dermot), Webb, B.T. (Bradley T.), Weiser, M. (Mark), Wildenauer, D.B. (Dieter), Williams, N.M. (Nigel M.), Williams, S. (Stephanie), Witt, S.H. (Stephanie H), Wolen, A.R. (Aaron), Wormley, B.K. (Brandon K.), Wray, N.R. (Naomi), Wu, J.Q. (Jing Qin), Zai, C.C. (Clement), Adolfsson, R., Andreassen, O.A. (Ole A.), Blackwood, D.H.R. (Douglas), Bramon, E. (Elvira), Buxbaum, J.D. (Joseph D), Cichon, S. (Sven), Collier, D.A. (David), Corvin, A. (Aiden), Daly, M.J. (Mark J.), Darvasi, A. (Ariel), Domenici, E. (Enrico), Esko, T. (Tõnu), Gejman, P.V. (Pablo), Gill, M. (Michael), Gurling, H. (Hugh), Hultman, C.M. (Christina), Iwata, N. (Nakao), Jablensky, A. (Assen), Jönsson, E.G. (Erik), Kendler, K. (K.), Kirov, G. (George), Knight, J. (Jo), Levinson, D.F. (Douglas F.), Li, Q.S. (Qingqin S.), McCarroll, S.A. (Steve), McQuillin, A. (Andrew), Moran, J.L. (Jennifer L), Mowry, B.J. (Bryan J), Nöthen, M.M. (Markus), Ophoff, R.A. (Roel A.), Owen, M.J. (Michael), Palotie, A. (Aarno), Petryshen, T.L. (Tracey), Posthuma, D. (Danielle), Rietschel, M. (Marcella), Riley, B.P. (Brien P.), Rujescu, D. (Dan), Sklar, P. (Pamela), St Clair, D. (David), Walters, J.T. (James), Werge, T.M. (Thomas), Sullivan, P.F. (Patrick), O'donovan, M.C. (Michael), Scherer, S.W. (Stephen), Neale, B.M. (Benjamin), and Sebat, J. (Jonathan)

Abstract

Copy number variants (CNVs) have been strongly implicated in the genetic etiology of schizophrenia (SCZ). However, genome-wide investigation of the contribution of CNV to risk has been hampered by limited sample sizes. We sought to address this obstacle by applying a centralized analysis pipeline to a SCZ cohort of 21,094 cases and 20,227 controls. A global enrichment of CNV burden was observed in cases (odds ratio (OR) = 1.11, P = 5.7 × 10-15), which persisted after excluding loci implicated in previous studies (OR = 1.07, P = 1.7 × 10-6). CNV burden was enriched for genes associated with synaptic function (OR = 1.68, P = 2.8 × 10-11) and neurobehavioral phenotypes in mouse (OR = 1.18, P = 7.3 × 10-5). Genome-wide significant evidence was obtained for eight loci, including 1q21.1, 2p16.3 (NRXN1), 3q29, 7q11.2, 15q13.3, distal 16p11.2, proximal 16p11.2 and 22q11.2. Suggestive support was found for eight additional candidate susceptibility and protective loci, which consisted predominantly of CNVs mediated by nonallelic homologous recombination.

Published
2017
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18. Annotation: Velo-cardio-facial syndrome

Author

Murphy, K.C.

Subjects
Phenotype -- Research, Chromosome abnormalities -- Research, Chromosome abnormalities -- Psychological aspects, Genetic disorders -- Psychological aspects, Genetic disorders -- Research, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

Velo-cardial-facial syndrome (VCFS) is an interstitial deletion identified in man that is associated with chromosomal microdeletions in the q11 band of chromosome 22. Individuals with VCFS have a characteristic behavioral phenotype with high rates of behavioral, psychiatric, neuropsychological, and communication disorders.

Published
2005

22. Mood congruent psychotic symptoms and specific cognitive deficits in carriers of the novel schizophrenia risk variant at MIR-137

Author

Cummings, E., primary, Donohoe, G., additional, Hargreaves, A., additional, Moore, S., additional, Fahey, C., additional, Dinan, T.G., additional, McDonald, C., additional, O’Callaghan, E., additional, O’Neill, F.A., additional, Waddington, J.L., additional, Murphy, K.C., additional, Morris, D.W., additional, Gill, M., additional, and Corvin, A., additional

Published
2013
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23. Anatomy and aging of the amygdala and hippocampus in autism spectrum disorder: an in vivo magnetic resonance imaging study of Asperger syndrome

Author

Murphy, Clodagh M., primary, Deeley, Q., additional, Daly, E.M., additional, Ecker, C., additional, O'Brien, F.M., additional, Hallahan, B., additional, Loth, E., additional, Toal, F., additional, Reed, S., additional, Hales, S., additional, Robertson, D.M., additional, Craig, M.C., additional, Mullins, D., additional, Barker, G.J., additional, Lavender, T., additional, Johnston, P., additional, Murphy, K.C., additional, and Murphy, D.G., additional

Published
2011
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35. Linkage Study of Chromosome 6p in Sib-Pairs With Schizophrenia

Author

Daniels, J.K., primary, Spurlock, G., additional, Williams, N.M., additional, Cardno, A.G., additional, Jones, L.A., additional, Murphy, K.C., additional, Asherson, P., additional, Holmans, P., additional, Fenton, I., additional, McGuffin, P., additional, and Owen, M.J., additional

Published
1997
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39. Kings Schizotypy Questionnaire

Author

Jones, L.A., primary, Cardno, A.G., additional, Murphy, K.C., additional, Sanders, R.D., additional, Gray, M.Y., additional, McCarthy, G., additional, McGuffin, P., additional, Owen, M.J., additional, and Williams, J., additional

Published
1993
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40. Anatomy and aging of the amygdala and hippocampus in autism spectrum disorder: an in vivo magnetic resonance imaging study of Asperger syndrome.

Author

Murphy, Clodagh M., Deeley, Q., Daly, E.M., Ecker, C., O'Brien, F.M., Hallahan, B., Loth, E., Toal, F., Reed, S., Hales, S., Robertson, D.M., Craig, M.C., Mullins, D., Barker, G.J., Lavender, T., Johnston, P., Murphy, K.C., and Murphy, D.G.

Abstract

It has been proposed that people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have abnormal morphometry and development of the amygdala and hippocampus (AH). However, previous reports are inconsistent, perhaps because they included people of different ASD diagnoses, ages, and health. We compared, using magnetic resonance imaging, the in vivo anatomy of the AH in 32 healthy individuals with Asperger syndrome (12-47 years) and 32 healthy controls who did not differ significantly in age or IQ. We measured bulk (gray + white matter) volume of the AH using manual tracing (MEASURE). We first compared the volume of AH between individuals with Asperger syndrome and controls and then investigated age-related differences. We compared differences in anatomy before, and after, correcting for whole brain size. There was no significant between group differences in whole brain volume. However, individuals with Asperger syndrome had a significantly larger raw bulk volume of total ( P<0.01), right ( P<0.01), and left amygdala ( P<0.05); and when corrected for overall brain size, total ( P<0.05), and right amygdala ( P<0.01). There was a significant group difference in aging of left amygdala; controls, but not individuals with Asperger syndrome, had a significant age-related increase in volume ( r = 0.486, P<0.01, and r = 0.007, P = 0.97, z = 1.995). There were no significant group differences in volume or age-related effects in hippocampus. Individuals with Asperger syndrome have significant differences from controls in bulk volume and aging of the amygdala. Autism Res 2012,5:3-12. © 2011 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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41. Comparative sequencing and association studies of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

Author

Speight, G., Turic, D., Austin, J., Hoogendoorn, B., Cardno, A.G., Jones, L., Murphy, K.C., Sanders, R., McCarthy, G., Jones, I., McCandless, F., McGuffin, P., Craddock, N., Owen, M.J., Buckland, P., and O'Donovan, M.C.

Subjects
AROMATIC amino acid decarboxylases, SCHIZOPHRENIA
Abstract

Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) is a relatively non specific enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of several classical neurotransmitters including dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT; serotonin). AADC does not catalyse the rate limiting step in either pathway, but is rate limiting in the synthesis of 2-phenylethylamine (2PE) which is a positive modulator of dopaminergic transmission and a candidate natural psychotogenic compound. We and others have proposed that polymorphism in AADC resulting in altered 2PE activity might contribute to the pathogenesis of psychosis. In order to test this hypothesis, we have used denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) to screen 3943 bases of the AADC gene and its promoter regions for variants that might affect protein structure or expression in 15 unrelated people with schizophrenia, and 15 unrelated people with bipolar disorder. Three polymorphisms were identified by DHPLC: a insertion/deletion polymorphism in the 5′ UTR of the neuronal specific mRNA (g.-33-30delAGAG, bases 586-589 of GenBank M77828), a T>A variant in the non-neuronal exon 1 (g.-67T>A, GenBank M88070), and a G>A polymorphism within intron 8 (g.IVS8 +75G>A, GenBank M84598). Case-control analysis did not suggest that genetic polymorphism in the AADC gene is associated with liability for developing schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2000
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42. A two-stage genome scan for schizophrenia susceptibility genes in 196 affected sibling pairs.

Author

Williams, N. M., Rees, M. I., Holmans, P., Norton, N., Cardno, A.G., Jones, L.A., Murphy, K.C., Sanders, R.D., McCarthy, G., Gray, M.Y., Fenton, I., McGuffin, P., and Owen, M.J.

Abstract

Examines schizophrenia susceptibility genes using two-stage genome scan. Mode of inheritance; Age of onset; Clinical manifestations of the disease; Causes of intronic CA repeat polymorphisms in the encoding gene.

Published
1999
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43. Directions in mobile computing; space and power constraints yield a new breed of ICs

Author

Murphy, K.C.

Subjects
Laptop/portable computer, Standard IC, Time to market, Computer design, Notebook computers -- Design and construction -- Product development, Computer design -- Product development, Integrated circuits -- Design and construction -- Product development, Product development, Laptop computers -- Design and construction -- Product development, Portable computers -- Product development, Semiconductor chips -- Design and construction -- Product development
Abstract

AS TECHNOLOGY progresses, we see computing and communication devices taking on new form factors more suited for modern, mobile lifestyles. This transformation is similar to the stereo's evolution from a […]

Published
1993

44. Low activity allele of catechol-O-methyltransferase gene associated with rapid cycling bipolar disorder.

Author

Kirov, G., Murphy, K.C., Arranz, M.J., Jones, I., McCandles, F., Kunugi, H., Murray, R.M., McGuffin, P., Collier, D.A., Owen, M.J., and Craddock, N.

Subjects
*CATECHOL, *METHYLTRANSFERASES, *BIPOLAR disorder, *ALLELES
Abstract

Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) plays a major role in the breakdown of catecholamines. An amino acid polymorphism (val-108-met) determines high and low activity of the enzyme. A recent study in a small sample of patients with velo-cardio-facial syndrome who had bipolar affective disorder suggested that the Met (low activity) COMT allele might be associated with rapid-cycling in this population. We therefore tested the hypothesis that the Met allele might be associated with rapid cycling bipolar disorder in the wider population. We studied a sample of British Caucasian DSM-IV bipolar patients, of whom 55 met criteria for rapid cycling at some time during the illness and 110 met stringent criteria for a definite non-rapid cycling course. The COMT genotype was determined using a PCR assay. The low activity allele was more frequent in the group of rapid cyclers: 0.55 vs 0.42 (one-tailed χ² = 5.12, d.f. = 1, P=0.012), and bearers of low activity alleles showed a dose-dependent increased risk of lifetime occurrence of rapid cycling: χ² test of linear association = 4.84, d.f. = 1, P=0.014. Our data support the hypothesis that variation in the COMT gene modifies the course of bipolar disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1998
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45. Further support for an association between a polymorphic CAG repeat in the hKCa3 gene and schizophrenia.

Author

Bowen, T., Guy, C.A., Craddock, N., Cardno, A.G., Williams, N.M., Spurlock, G., Murphy, K.C., Jones, L.A., Gray, M., Sanders, R.D., McCarthy, G., Chandy, K.G., Fantino, E., Kalman, K., Gutman, G.A., Gargus, J.J., Williams, J., McGuffin, P., and Owen, M.J.

Subjects
GENETICS of schizophrenia, GENETIC polymorphisms
Abstract

A recent study has suggested that a polymorphism in the hKCa3 potassium channel may be associated with raised susceptibility to schizophrenia. Despite its modest statistical significance, the study is intriguing for two reasons. First, hKCa3 contains a polymorphic CAG repeat in its coding sequence, with large repeats more common in schizophrenics compared with controls. This is interesting in view of several repeat expansion detection (RED) studies that have reported an excess of large CAG repeats in psychotic probands. Second, the hKCa3 gene is a functional candidate gene because studies of antipsychotic and psychotogenic compounds suggest that glutamatergic systems modulated by SKCa channels may be important in schizophrenia pathogenesis. In the light of the above, we have tested the hypothesis of an association between schizophrenia and the hKCa3 CAG repeat polymorphism using a case control study design. Under the same model of analysis as the earlier study, schizophrenic probands had a higher frequency of alleles with greater than 19 repeats than controls (χ²=2.820, P=0.047, 1-tail). Our data therefore provide modest support for the hypothesis that polymorphism in the hKCa3 gene may contribute to susceptibility to schizophrenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1998
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46. Linked polymorphisms upstream of exons 1 and 2 of the human cholecystokinin gene are not associated with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.

Author

Bowen, T., Norton, N., Jacobsen, N.J.O., Guy, C., Daniels, J.K., Sanders, R.D., Cardno, A.G., Jones, L.A., Murphy, K.C., McGuffin, P., Craddock, N., O'Donovan, M.C., and Owen, M.J.

Subjects
GENETIC polymorphisms, EXONS (Genetics), CHOLECYSTOKININ
Abstract

The evidence for a significant genetic contribution to the functional psychoses (schizophrenia and bipolar disorder) is now well established. However, in both cases, the non-mendelian mode of inheritance has made the identification of susceptibility loci particularly challenging. The neuropeptide cholecystokinin (CCK) is present both in the gut and the CNS. Studies of CCKlike immunoreactivity and CCK mRNA levels in human brains have revealed high concentrations in numerous loci and shown colocalisation of CCK with, for example, dopamine and tyrosine hydroxylase. Furthermore, antagonists of CCK-B receptors, which are found most frequently in the brain, inhibit the activity of brain dopamine neurons. Such findings suggest that, with respect to neuropsychiatric disorders, CCK is a suitable candidate for analysis using methods to detect gene variations which have the potential to affect protein structure or expression. In the present study, mutation analyses were carried out on the human CCK gene. Linked polymorphisms were found in the promoter region and in intron 1 close to the 3' mRNA splice acceptor site. However, the allele frequencies of these polymorphisms in samples of individuals affected with either schizophrenia (n=117) or bipolar disorder (n=124) did not differ from those of control subjects (n=234), suggesting that these variations do not confer a predisposition to either of the functional psychoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1998
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47. A family based association study of T102C polymorphism in 5HT2A and schizophrenia plus identification of new polymorphisms in the promoter.

Author

Spurlock, G., Heils, A., Holmans, P., Williams, J., D'Souza, U.M., Cardno, A., Murphy, K.C., Jones, L., Buckland, P.R., McGuffin, P., Lesch, K.P., and Owen, M.J.

Subjects
GENETICS of schizophrenia, GENETIC polymorphisms
Abstract

Several studies have shown an association between schizophrenia and the C allele of a T-C polymorphism at nucleotide 102 and the 5HT2A receptor gene. In the present study we observed this association in a sample of 63 parent/offspring trios where the proband received a diagnosis of DSM-III-R schizophrenia using TDT analysis (χ²=6.26, P=0.006, χ²=9.00, P=0.001 when one affected offspring was selected at random from each family, suggesting that the results are due to association rather than linkage). There was no significant difference between the transmission of C102 from heterozygous fathers and mothers, which fails to support a role for genomic imprinting in this effect. T102C does not result in an alteration of the amino acid sequence of the protein. We therefore screened the promoter of 5HT2A for polymorphisms using single-strand confirmation polymorphism analysis. An A-G polymorphism at -1438 that creates an Hpall restriction site was identified. This was found to be in complete linkage disequilibrium with T102C and is hence a candidate for the pathogenic variant in schizophrenia. Functional analysis of A-1438G using luciferase assay demonstrated significant basal promoter activity in 5HT2A expressing HeLa cells by both the A and G variants. However, comparison of the A and G variants showed no significant differences in basal activity nor when promoter activity was induced by cAMP and protein kinase C-dependent mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1998
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49. A comparison of undergraduate teaching of psychiatry across medical schools in the Republic of Ireland

Author

Byrne, F., Murphy, R., O'Rourke, L., Cotter, D., Murphy, K.C., Guerandel, A., Meagher, David, Sweeney, E., Gill, M., Campbell, A., McDonald, C., Hallahan, Brian, Byrne, F., Murphy, R., O'Rourke, L., Cotter, D., Murphy, K.C., Guerandel, A., Meagher, David, Sweeney, E., Gill, M., Campbell, A., McDonald, C., and Hallahan, Brian

Abstract

peer-reviewed, Objectives To examine the delivery and assessment of psychiatry at undergraduate level in the six medical schools in the Republic of Ireland offering a medical degree programme. Methods A narrative description of the delivery and assessment of psychiatry at undergraduate level by collaborative senior faculty members from all six universities in Ireland. Results Psychiatry is integrated to varying degrees across all medical schools. Clinical experience in general adult psychiatry and sub-specialities is provided by each medical school; however, the duration of clinical attachment varies, and the provision of some sub-specialities (i.e. forensic psychiatry) is dependent on locally available resources. Five medical schools provide ‘live’ large group teaching sessions (lectures), and all medical schools provide an array of small group teaching sessions. Continuous assessment encompasses 10–35% of the total assessment marks, depending on the medical school. Only one medical school does not provide a clinical examination in the form of an Objective Structured Clinical Examination with viva examinations occurring at three medical schools. Conclusions Many similarities exist in relation to the delivery of psychiatry at undergraduate level in Ireland. Significant variability exists in relation to assessment with differences in continuous assessment, written and clinical exams and the use of vivas noted. The use of e-learning platforms has increased significantly in recent years, with their role envisaged to include cross-disciplinary teaching sessions and analysis of examinations and individual components within examinations which will help refine future examinations and enable greater sharing of resources between medical schools.

50. No evidence for allelic association between schizophrenia and a functional variant of the human dopamine β-hydroxylase gene (DBH)

Author

Williams, H.J., Bray, N., Murphy, K.C., Cardno, A.G., Jones, L.A., and Owen, M.J.

Abstract

Dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH), the enzyme that converts dopamine to norepinepherine, has been proposed as being involved in the aetiology of schizophrenia. Previous work identified a functional polymorphism at nucleotide 910 of the DBH gene that results in a codon change in the mature protein Ala304Ser, with the mutant allele being associated with a lower enzymatic activity. In this study we performed an RFLP analysis in an association study consisting of 178 unrelated schizophrenic patients and 178 unrelated control subjects, matched for age, sex, and ethnicity. The frequency of the Ser304 DBH allele was 0.10 in the patient group and 0.08 in the control group, with no significant allelic or genotypic association observed. Therefore, we were unable to obtain evidence that this polymorphism contributes directly to susceptibility to schizophrenia. Am. J. Med. Genet. (Neuropsychiatr. Genet.) 88:557–559, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Published
1999
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