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Objetivo: Realizar uma overview relacionada ao assunto traumatismo em dentes decíduos e permanentes, bem como analisar a qualidade metodológica e o risco de viés dos trabalhos incluídos (PROSPERO CRD42018107840). Métodos: Este trabalho foi conduzido de acordo com o Preferred Reporting Items for Overviews (PRIO). A estratégia de busca foi aplicada nas bases de dados eletrônicas PubMed, WebScience, Embase, Cochrane e Scopus; que incluiu publicações até outubro de 2020, sem restrição de ano e idioma. Foram avaliados os critérios de elegibilidade: trabalhos com enfoque em lesões traumáticas dentárias; apresentar termo “revisão sistemática” (RS) e/ou “meta-análise” no título ou resumo, critérios de elegibilidade, técnicas sistematizadas para coleta e análise de dados, e instrumentos para avaliação da qualidade dos estudos incluídos; identificar as bases de dados utilizadas na pesquisa; abranger o assunto: traumatismo de dentes permanentes e/ou decíduos ou tecidos de suporte. Foi realizada a avaliação da qualidade das RSs utilizando o Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR2) e averiguada a aderência do artigo ao Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Os resultados foram analisados pelo Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) a fim de classificar a certeza da evidência científica e avaliado o risco de viés pelo ROBIS. Resultados: Foram identificados 2.561 trabalhos, sendo 2.469 excluídos, totalizando 92 artigos incluídos. Nota-se que a partir do ano de 2018 os trabalhos apresentaram melhor qualidade metodológica. E a maioria dos trabalhos apresentaram certeza da evidência científica alta pelo sistema GRADE modificado, e risco de viés baixo pela ferramenta ROBIS. Conclusão: As revisões sistemáticas e meta-análises incluídas apresentaram dificuldade no processo de estruturação metodológica atribuindo, em média, certeza da evidência científica alta para o GRADE, como também risco de viés baixo pelo ROBIS.

Considering that attitudes toward evidence-based dentistry (EBD) may predict implementation behaviors, the objective of this systematic review was to synthesize and evaluate the existing evidence related to dentists' attitudes and practices toward EBD.We included primary studies that collected information from interviews, questionnaires, or conversation sessions with dentists. The following sources were searched: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, in addition to gray literature. The included studies were appraised according to the assessment tools recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute for qualitative and quantitative observational studies. Descriptive data were collected in standardized tables and descriptively synthesized.The selection process resulted in 36 included studies. Dentists share positive opinions about EBD and predominantly report willingness to learn or adopt these practices. Despite high methodological risks and significant heterogeneity, the results collected in this review indicated that scientific journals, clinical practice guidelines, and trusted colleagues are generally perceived as influential and useful by dentists, who highly consulted these information sources.Despite supportive reported attitudes toward EBD, very low certainty exists about actual EBD-related practices.

In this report, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the Invisalign® system in the treatment of severe gingival recession and bone dehiscence through torque, translation, and intrusion movements in a young woman. Cone-beam computed tomography was used to assess bone parameters and check the teeth during treatment. The root of the mandibular right central incisor, which was buccally positioned and exhibited bone dehiscence of 9.4 mm, was moved toward the center of the alveolar process by using the Invisalign® system and SmartForce® features. The patient was monitored by a periodontist throughout the orthodontic treatment period. Her gingival recession reduced, while the bone dehiscence reduced from 9.40 mm to 3.14 mm. Thus, movement of the root into the alveolus promoted bone neoformation and treated the gingival recession. The findings from this case suggest that orthodontic treatment using the Invisalign® system, along with periodontal monitoring, can aid in the treatment of gingival recession and alveolar defects.

O objetivo do presente artigo foi relatar o caso clínico de uma paciente com má oclusão esquelética de Classe III que iniciou o tratamento aos 6 anos de idade, foi acompanhada durante todo o período de crescimento e a correção foi finalizada aos 17 anos de idade. Inicialmente, a paciente foi submetida à expansão rápida da maxila (ERM), protração maxilar, com máscara facial de Petit, e aparelho impedidor para o hábito de sucção de polegar. Após o tratamento interceptativo, a paciente foi acompanhada até o fim do crescimento. Aos 16 anos de idade, foi submetida ao tratamento ortodôntico corretivo, com a finalidade de camuflar a má oclusão esquelética de Classe III e alcançar os objetivos oclusais ideais. Após um ano de tratamento ortodôntico corretivo, a paciente apresentou Classe I de molares e caninos, corretos overjet e sobremordida e adequada intercuspidação, além de estética facial satisfatória.

INTRODUÇÃO: O tratamento ortodôntico da má oclusão de Classe II é reconhecido e amplamente discutido na literatura. Condições que o tornam mais ou menos complexo dependem das particularidades de cada paciente. Em pacientes com necessidades especiais, a complexidade de qualquer tratamento ortodôntico é maior. Sendo assim, torna-se necessário um adequado plano de tratamento de acordo com as limitações apresentadas pelo paciente. DESCRIÇÃO: O objetivo do presente estudo é relatar um caso clínico de uma má oclusão esquelética de Classe II em paciente com necessidades especiais, por apresentar microcefalia secundária, epilepsia focal sintomática, com problemas de saúde mental, dificuldades de fala e limitação de alguns movimentos. O tratamento ortodôntico foi realizado em duas etapas, ambas associadas à intervenção multidisciplinar: 1) tratamento interceptivo – dentição mista, com aparelhos removíveis e aparelho extrabucal; e 2) tratamento corretivo – dentição permanente, com aparelho fixo. RESULTADOS: As terapias realizadas foram adequadas às limitações apresentadas pelo caso. Os resultados demonstraram diminuição na convexidade do perfil tegumentar, oclusão adequada e funcional, e melhora da estética facial, propiciando melhor qualidade de vida. CONCLUSÃO: Para atingir os objetivos nesses pacientes é necessário maior precisão nos procedimentos, procurando reduzir o tempo total do tratamento proposto.

Introduction As an attempt to provide supporting evidence for the formulation of future educational strategies on knowledge translation, this systematic review assessed and synthesised the available evidence related to the dentists' awareness, perceived and actual knowledge of evidence-based dentistry (EBD) principles, methods and practices.Methods Primary studies that considered dentists' reports collected from interviews, questionnaires, or conversation sessions were selected. Studies enrolling students, dental hygienists, or other health professionals were not included. Reviews, editorials, letters, study protocols, articles presenting knowledge translation strategies and initiatives, examples of EBD approaches to specific clinical questions, and guidelines focused on EBD implementation were also excluded. Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched. Grey literature was partially covered by the Google Scholar search and the reference lists of the pre-selected studies. The study search was concluded in February 2021. Descriptive data of the selected studies were synthesised, and the risk of bias was assessed according to the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies.Results Twenty-one articles were included. High percentages of dentists were aware of EBD. Variable proportions of professionals declared to have some understanding of EBD, although few presented actual knowledge of principles, methods and practices.Discussion Methodologically, most studies presented limitations regarding sample representativity, participation rates, detailing of the outcome measures, and validation of the assessment tools. Additionally, extensive overall ranges of responses were often observed across the studies, possibly as a result of heterogeneity across samples and assessment tools. The authors thus suggest developing valid questionnaires including all dimensions (awareness, perceived knowledge and actual knowledge) within an assessment tool. This would contribute to establishing knowledge translation strategies to overcome specific gaps in EBD knowledge.

In addition to essential clinical parameters, orthodontic treatment outcomes should also consider patients' opinions and perceptions, which could be comprehensively clarified with a qualitative scientific approach. Considering that the information on younger patients' views is scarce, the objective of this study was to investigate how adolescent orthodontic patients perceive malocclusion, and their motivations and expectations concerning orthodontic corrective treatment.In this descriptive qualitative study, 12 adolescents aged 12 to 14 years and of both genders, covering a heterogeneous collection of malocclusions, were recruited from the waiting list of an Orthodontics Graduate Course. They were individually interviewed before the appliance insertion by an experienced researcher using an interview guide and photographic records to stimulate patients' self-perception of their oral condition. The interviews proceeded simultaneously with transcription analyses until saturation. After the transcription evaluation, the framework analysis technique was performed.Data derived from the transcription analyses were grouped into 3 major themes: perceptions concerning the concepts of normality and abnormality regarding oral health; self-perceptions regarding malocclusion and other discrepancies; and motivations for seeking orthodontic treatment and expectations related to the results.Attractiveness was exceptionally relevant among adolescent patients. Most interviewees seemed to focus their attention on esthetically upsetting dentofacial traits, which they expected to be corrected by orthodontic treatment. In addition to self-oriented appearance-driven motivations, parents, other health professionals, friends, and peers also influenced adolescents' perception of their need for treatment. The achievement of a normal dentofacial status seems to be closely attached to social and individual aspirations.

Aim To compare the condyle sagittal position of class I and class II division 2 in orthodontic patients. Materials and methods Fifty orthodontic cases (30 females and 20 males; 12-31 years) from the records of an Orthodontic Graduate Program were collected. Such cases presented cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) as part of their initial diagnostic examinations. The study sample constituted two groups, i.e. class I and class II division 2 groups. A previously calibrated examiner performed the measurements of the images, representing the distance between the condyle and the articular surface of the glenoid fossa, both anteriorly (anterior disk space-ADS) and posteriorly (posterior disk space-PDS). Descriptive statistics were performed. Data were normally distributed, and parametric tests were used. Paired sample test was used to identify differences between the right and the left joints. Differences between class I and class II/2 groups were tested using independent t test. All statistical tests were interpreted at 5% significance level. Results When the study groups were compared in relation to the dimensions observed for the right and the left ADS and PDS, no significant differences were detected. This study also calculated the differences between right and left disk spaces within the groups, and the differences were not significant for both class I and class II/2 groups. Conclusion The results demonstrated, after the performance of a CBCT comparative analysis, that there is no significant difference between class II/2 and class I orthodontic patients in relation to the condyle sagittal position. Clinical significance The results collected here refute the expectation of spontaneous mandibular anterior repositioning after correcting the overbite in class II/2 patients.

Failure of eruption of a permanent first molar is a relatively infrequent clinical condition that affects the normal development of dentition and may cause malocclusion. There are two conditions that might result in failure of eruption: (1) mechanical failure (ankylosis) and (2) primary failure of eruption, with different clinical features and therapeutic approaches for each. It is often challenging for orthodontists and pediatric dentists to establish differential diagnoses of these conditions to ensure a successful treatment outcome. The purpose of this case report is to discuss the diagnosis and treatment of a failure of eruption of a permanent first molar. (J Dent Child 2019;86(3):150-3).

Proteoglycans (PGs) are proteins which are vital components located in the extracellular matrix, cell surface or intracellular granules. They are linked to polysaccharides called glycosaminoglycans. There are several aspects associated with PGs, such as cell signaling and organization of the extracellular matrix (ECM), making them pivotal participants in many tissue compositions. In teeth, PGs also play an essential role, as many of its components have elaborate ECM structures. However, lack of information on how PGs constitute the various tissues of the tooth and on their roles makes it difficult to elicit the major importance associated with this class of proteins. This review seeks to detail how proteoglycans are involved in many aspects of tooth organization and development, and as far as we are concerned, this has not been performed yet. We have also exemplified the participation of small leucine-rich proteoglycans, a special class of PGs seen in dental trauma cases.

Objective The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on the resorption activity of osteoclast cell cultures. Design RAW 264.7 cells were cultured and seeded over plates that were pre-coated with a synthetic carbonate apatite, and marked with fluoresceinamine-labeled sodium chondroitin polysulfate. Plates were randomly divided into 4 groups according to the treatment assigned to each one of them: NO RANKL (no RANK-L addition and no ultrasound application), NO LIPUS (addition of RANK-L and no ultrasound application), LIPUS 10 (addition of RANK-L and 10 min of ultrasound application per day), and LIPUS 20 (addition of RANK-L and 20 min of ultrasound application per day). The ultrasound device produced 1.5 MHz pulses with a repetition rate of 1 kHz and intensity of 30 mW/cm 2 . The experiment extended for one week and afterwards, resorption activity was evaluated according to the fluorescence intensity analysis and pit resorption measurements (number of pits and mean area). Results Our experiment consistently demonstrated that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound application enhanced osteoclasts resorptive activity. In addition, it was demonstrated that when daily ultrasound application lasted longer (20 min) the resorption was the highest. Results obtained from both evaluation methods were reasonably coherent. Conclusions Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound increases osteoclast resorptive activity in the absence of osteoblasts. This effect seems to be influenced by ultrasound treatment time. Future research might be directed to investigate osteoclast response to different ultrasound application protocols (frequencies and intensities) and potential cellular mechanisms.

EnglishThe purpose of this article is to report the Afternoon Learning project, from its conception to its execution. Afternoon Learning was planned as a common action of three graduate programs of UNG Univeritas University: Graduate Program in Dentistry, Nursing and Geosciences. The involvement of the three programs was considered important because each program could transmit diff erent areas of knowledge, thus attracting a diverse audience. In this way, the intention was to promote a continuous interest of teachers from fundamental education in science, since it is known that one way of improving the country (in all the senses) is to stimulate science development. However, a frustrating experience was envisaged, since there was no interest on the part of these teachers to participate in this project. Faced this negative result, it was decided to hold the Afternoon Learning as an activity within the Collective Pedagogical Work Classes (CPWC) promoted by the Regional Education Board of Guarulhos, SP, whose objective is to consolidate the pedagogical practices envisaged by the Education Department as well as the teachers improvement in the light of qualifi cation evaluation and professional evolution. In addition, only the Postgraduate Program in Dentistry continued with the activity. This experience has shown that the Afternoon Learning project can contribute to the continuous education of basic education teachers and thus, can contribute to the constant concern about the possibly defi cient formation of the teachers from basic education. portuguesO objetivo deste artigo e relatar o projeto Tarde do Saber, desde sua concepcao ate sua execucao. A Tarde do Saber foi planejada como uma acao conjunta de tres programas de pos-graduacao da Universidade Univeritas UNG: Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Odontologia, Enfermagem e Geociencias. O envolvimento dos tres programas foi considerado importante, pois cada programa poderia transmitir diferentes areas de conhecimentos, atraindo, assim, um publico diverso. Desta maneira, a intencao foi promover um continuo interesse dos professores do ensino fundamental em ciencia, pois sabe-se que uma maneira de evoluir o pais (em todos os sentidos) e estimular o desenvolvimento da ciencia neste pais, porem uma frustrante experiencia foi encarada, uma vez que nao houve interesse por parte desses professores em participar deste projeto. Frente a este resultado negativo, optou-se por realizar a Tarde do Saber, como uma atividade dentro das Aulas de Trabalho Pedagogico Coletivo (ATPC) promovido pela Diretoria de ensino regional de Guarulhos, SP, cujo objetivo e consolidar as praticas pedagogicas previstas pela Secretaria de Educacao assim como o aperfeicoamento dos docentes com vistas as avaliacoes para qualifi cacao e evolucao profi ssional. Alem disso, somente o Programa de Pos-graduacao em Odontologia continuou com a atividade. Esta experiencia mostrou que a atividade TARDE DO SABER pode contribuir para a formacao continuada dos docentes da educacao basica e assim, pode-se contribuir para a constante preocupacao sobre a formacao possivelmente defi ciente dos docentes da educacao basica.

Background The authors’ objective in this systematic review was to investigate the barriers involved in the application of evidence-based dentistry principles, as reported by dentists. The authors registered the protocol in the PROSPERO database. Types of Studies Reviewed Eligible studies included qualitative and quantitative approaches, constituting information about barriers, collected through interviews, questionnaires, or conversation sessions. The authors searched databases and reference lists of preselected studies. After the selection process, the authors evaluated the included studies for potential risk of bias and collected either qualitative or quantitative data. Results After the selection process, the authors included 35 studies, of which 16 were reported in this article. The authors synthesized and classified the barriers in 4 categories: self-related, evidence-related, context-related, and patient-related barriers. Shortage of time and financial constraints were the barriers most frequently studied. However, the quantification of these barriers, as well as others, was not possible because of the variability of the results and methodological issues of the included studies. Conclusions and Practical Implications The authors suggest the development of valid questionnaires and their use in representative samples to quantify the effects of specific barriers. The authors encourage practitioners to participate in educational programs focused on training in evidence-based dentistry abilities, in addition to seeking accessible and synthesized formats of reliable scientific knowledge.

The authors' objective in this systematic review was to investigate the barriers involved in the application of evidence-based dentistry principles, as reported by dentists. The authors registered the protocol in the PROSPERO database.Eligible studies included qualitative and quantitative approaches, constituting information about barriers, collected through interviews, questionnaires, or conversation sessions. The authors searched databases and reference lists of preselected studies. After the selection process, the authors evaluated the included studies for potential risk of bias and collected either qualitative or quantitative data.After the selection process, the authors included 35 studies, of which 16 were reported in this article. The authors synthesized and classified the barriers in 4 categories: self-related, evidence-related, context-related, and patient-related barriers. Shortage of time and financial constraints were the barriers most frequently studied. However, the quantification of these barriers, as well as others, was not possible because of the variability of the results and methodological issues of the included studies.The authors suggest the development of valid questionnaires and their use in representative samples to quantify the effects of specific barriers. The authors encourage practitioners to participate in educational programs focused on training in evidence-based dentistry abilities, in addition to seeking accessible and synthesized formats of reliable scientific knowledge.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the cephalometric pattern of children with and without adenoid obstruction.METHODS: The sample comprised 100 children aged between four and 14 years old, both males and females, subjected to cephalometric examination for sagittal and vertical skeletal analysis. The sample also underwent nasofiberendoscopic examination intended to objectively assess the degree of adenoid obstruction.RESULTS: The individuals presented tendencies towards vertical craniofacial growth, convex profile and mandibular retrusion. However, there were no differences between obstructive and non-obstructive patients concerning all cephalometric variables. Correlations between skeletal parameters and the percentage of adenoid obstruction were either low or not significant.CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that specific craniofacial patterns, such as Class II and hyperdivergency, might not be associated with adenoid hypertrophy. OBJETIVO: a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo comparar o padrão cefalométrico de crianças com e sem obstrução adenoidiana.MÉTODOS: a amostra consistiu de 100 crianças, com idades entre 4 e 14 anos, de ambos os sexos, submetidas a exames cefalométricos para a avaliação de variáveis cefalométricas horizontais e verticais. A amostra também foi submetida à nasofibroendoscopia, por meio da qual o grau de obstrução adenoidiana foi objetivamente aferido.RESULTADOS: os pacientes avaliados demonstraram tendência ao crescimento vertical acentuado, ao perfil convexo e à retrusão mandibular. No entanto, não houve diferenças entre pacientes portadores e não portadores de obstrução, em relação a todas as variáveis cefalométricas. As correlações estabelecidas entre os parâmetros esqueléticos e os percentuais de hipertrofia foram baixas ou não significativas.CONCLUSÕES: os resultados sugerem que padrões faciais específicos, tais como Classe II e hiperdivergência, parecem não estar associados à hipertrofia adenoideana.

Background The extensive literature concerning the early treatment of anterior open bite (AOB) is still controversial and covers a wide variety of therapeutic approaches. Objectives The objective of this study was to provide a comprehensive review evaluating the effectiveness of the orthodontic correction of AOB in growing individuals. Search methods Search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, Scielo, and Lilacs databases. Trials registries were consulted for ongoing trials, and grey literature was also contemplated. Selection criteria Selection process was performed to include controlled trials enrolling growing subjects who underwent orthodontic treatment to correct AOB and/or hyperdivergent facial pattern. Data collection and analysis Data were grouped and analysed descriptively. Qualitative appraisal was performed according to the Cochrane risk of bias tool, for randomized clinical trials (RCTs), and MINORS tool for non-RCTs. Results The 22 studies included in this review mostly considered mixed dentition subjects, and there was a considerable variation regarding therapeutic approaches. Because of poor-quality and/or insufficient evidence, consistent results were not found. However, some useful clinical inferences and suggestions for future studies were provided for each therapeutic modality considered here. Conclusions Additional efforts must still be directed to perform, whenever possible, RCTs; or to conduct prospective controlled trials with adequate sample sizes, consecutively assembled subjects, with the comparison of contemporary and equivalent groups.

OBJECTIVE: To assess short-term tomographic changes in the upper airway dimensions and quality of life of mouth breathers after rapid maxillary expansion (RME). METHODS: A total of 25 mouth breathers with maxillary atresia and a mean age of 10.5 years old were assessed by means of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and a standardized quality of life questionnaire answered by patients' parents/legal guardians before and immediately after rapid maxillary expansion. RESULTS: Rapid maxillary expansion resulted in similar and significant expansion in the width of anterior (2.8 mm, p < 0.001) and posterior nasal floor (2.8 mm, p < 0.001). Although nasopharynx and nasal cavities airway volumes significantly increased (+1646.1 mm3, p < 0.001), oropharynx volume increase was not statistically significant (+1450.6 mm3, p = 0.066). The results of the quality of life questionnaire indicated that soon after rapid maxillary expansion, patients' respiratory symptoms significantly decreased in relation to their initial respiratory conditions. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that RME produces significant dimensional increase in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx. Additionally, it also positively impacts the quality of life of mouth-breathing patients with maxillary atresia. OBJETIVO: avaliar, por meio de tomografias, as mudanças em curto prazo nas vias aéreas superiores e na qualidade de vida em pacientes respiradores bucais, após expansão rápida da maxila (ERM). MÉTODOS: foram avaliados 25 pacientes respiradores bucais com atresia maxilar, com idade média de 10,5 anos, por meio de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) e questionário padronizado de qualidade de vida submetido aos pais/responsáveis, antes e imediatamente após a ERM. RESULTADOS: a ERM promoveu uma expansão, de forma semelhante e significativa, tanto na largura do soalho nasal anterior (2,8mm, p < 0,001) quanto na largura do soalho nasal posterior (2,8mm, p < 0,001). No volume aéreo da nasofaringe e fossas nasais, houve aumento significativo (+1646,1mm3 p < 0,001); entretanto, no volume aéreo da orofaringe, houve aumento não significativo (+1450,6 mm3 p = 0,066). Os resultados do questionário de qualidade de vida indicaram melhora significativa na qualidade de vida dos pacientes após a ERM, em comparação ao questionário inicial. CONCLUSÕES: a ERM promoveu aumento dimensional significativo nas fossas nasais e na nasofaringe, bem como melhorou significativamente a qualidade de vida dos pacientes.

Class II malocclusions are generally characterized by mandible retrusion. For this reason, forward bite jumping appliances, also known as functional appliances were originally designed to enhance mandibular forward projection. However, there is still insufficient evidence to support the effectiveness, predictability and stability of functional appliances in modifying mandibular growth. This article was aimed at presenting evidences and hypotheses that mandibular growth may be enhanced through the use of adjunctive methods in conjunction with functional appliances. In formulating our hypothesis, we considered relevant data, mostly derived from animal studies, concerning alternative methods, such as low-intensity ultrasound and light-emitting diode, as well as their related cellular and molecular mechanisms. According to the evidences covered in this article, we suggest that both methods are potentially effective, and theoretically able to act in synergistic way to enhance functional appliances treatment on mandibular and condylar additional growth. The rationale for the use of these methods as adjunctive therapies for mandibular underdevelopment is attributed to their abilities on stimulating angiogenesis, cell differentiation, proliferation, and hypertrophy, as well as enhancing matrix production and endochondoral bone formation, especially on the condyle of growing animals. This article also proposed a study design which would be able to either prove or refute our hypothesis. If ratified, it would represent a significant scientific accomplishment which provides support for further investigations to be carried out on well-designed clinical trials.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on the sagittal dental or skeletal parameters of growing children with Class II malocclusion. Materials and Methods: A systematic review intended to identify relevant literature was conducted. The search was performed on Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases. Reference lists of the included articles were also screened for relevant documents. The qualitative assessment was performed according to the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) tool, and the resultant data were grouped and analyzed concerning dental and skeletal sagittal effects of RME. Results: Of 25 screened studies, seven articles met eligibility criteria and were included. Study samples were observed during mixed dentition stage and characterized as having either Class II dental malocclusion or skeletal discrepancy. None of the included studies was a randomized clinical trial. Included controlled studies presented several inadequacies related to control group or lacked appropriate comparative statistical analysis. Besides being frequently based on deficient methodology, dental and skeletal sagittal effects of RME were either controversial or lacked clinical relevance. Conclusion: The effect of RME on the sagittal dimension of Class II malocclusions has not been proved yet. Future randomized controlled clinical trials are still needed to definitely address this question.

Teledentistry can be considered as a valuable tool to assist isolated or disadvantaged populations and to improve access to oral healthcare. The application of teledentistry has demonstrated interesting results in many fields of Dentistry. The objective of this chapter is to review the literature on the attempt to associate teledentistry and orthodontics. Most of the collected studies described and evaluated teledentistry as a means to improve effectiveness of orthodontic referrals and consultancy. Other researches focused on evaluating the use of teledentistry for remote diagnosis, monitoring, and motivation of orthodontic patients. After critically reviewing the collected evidence, it was considered that teledentistry might be used as a helpful tool for referring patients or providing consultancy to general practitioners. The possible benefits included the ability of decreasing the number of inappropriate referrals and encouraging previously trained general practitioners to treat cases. Minor issues, such as the small likelihood of patients being neglected, as well as the lack of standardization during records preparation, are still a concern. There is a clear trend among professionals toward a supportive position of teledentistry use allied with orthodontic practice. Nevertheless, most of the general practitioners still present concerns in relation to workload increase. Literature is still scarce on cost studies of teledentistry. It is therefore suggested that future researchers address that gap in addition to conduct methodologically stronger studies focused not only on the financial aspects of teledentistry, but also on the clinical outcomes of the treatment provided with the aid of this system.

The aims of this pilot study were to evaluate the short-term impact of evidence-based dentistry (EBD) workshops on educators' use of clinical evidence in their clinical practice and educational activities and to identify barriers they encountered in implementing evidence in their teaching and clinical practice. Between April 2012 and January 2014, a series of EBD workshops was delivered to 31 dental faculty members and postdoctoral students at three Canadian dental schools. Survey I, assessing participants' perceptions of various aspects of the workshops, was administered immediately following the workshops. Survey II, evaluating the impact of the workshops on participants' EBD implementation, was conducted 10 to 31 months after their completion. Survey I was completed by all 31 participants (100% response rate); their mean scores ranged from 3.94 to 4.65 on a five-point scale. Survey II was completed by 20 participants (64.5% response rate; five postdoctoral students and 15 faculty members), using an online 20-item questionnaire. Of the respondents, 19 (95%) reported implementing EBD in their professional activities at that time, and 14 (70%) stated that the workshops had positively helped with EBD implementation. Eight respondents (40%) reported having experienced barriers to EBD implementation, while 15 (75%) reported that their patients/students welcomed use of EBD. The respondents reported believing that strategies such as increasing EBD education and dissemination and improving quality and accessibility of evidence would facilitate the transition to EBD practice. Reported barriers to EBD implementation included resistance and criticism from colleagues, difficulty in changing current practice model, and lack of time.

Objective The objective of the present study was to evaluate current radiographic parameters designed to investigate adenoid hypertrophy and nasopharyngeal obstruction, and to present an alternative radiographic assessment method. Materials and Methods In order to do so, children (4 to14 years old) who presented with nasal obstruction or oral breathing complaints were submitted to cavum radiographic examination. One hundred and twenty records were evaluated according to quantitative radiographic parameters, and data were correlated with a gold-standard videonasopharyngoscopic study, in relation to the percentage of choanal obstruction. Subsequently, a regression analysis was performed in order to create an original model so the percentage of the choanal obstruction could be predicted. Results The quantitative parameters demonstrated moderate, if not weak correlation with the real percentage of choanal obstruction. The regression model (110.119*A/N) demonstrated a satisfactory ability to “predict” the actual percentage of choanal obstruction. Conclusion Since current adenoid quantitative radiographic parameters present limitations, the model presented by the present study might be considered as an alternative assessment method in cases where videonasopharyngoscopic evaluation is unavailable. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar parâmetros radiográficos atuais destinados à verificação da adenoide e obstrução nasofaríngea e apresentar um método de avaliação alternativo. Materiais e Métodos Crianças (4 a 14 anos) que apresentavam queixas de obstrução nasal e/ou respiração oral foram submetidas ao exame radiográfico de cavum faríngeo. Cento e vinte registros foram avaliados por parâmetros radiográficos quantitativos, e estes dados foram correlacionados ao exame de videonasofaringoscopia, aqui considerado como padrão ouro, em relação à porcentagem de obstrução coanal. Posteriormente, uma análise de regressão foi realizada com os mesmos parâmetros quantitativos, de modo que um modelo original fosse criado com o objetivo de predição do percentual de obstrução coanal. Resultados Os parâmetros quantitativos atuais demonstraram correlações moderadas, quando não fracas, ao percentual de obstrução. O modelo de regressão desenvolvido (110.119*A/N) demonstrou capacidade satisfatória de “prever” o real percentual de obstrução adenóidea. Conclusão Uma vez que os parâmetros radiográficos atuais apresentam limitações, o modelo original aqui apresentado deve ser considerado como um método de avaliação adenóidea alternativo, a ser utilizado quando a videonasofaringoscopia estiver indisponível.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the transpalatal arch (TPA) as an anchorage device in preventing maxillary molar mesialization during retraction of the anterior teeth after premolar extraction. Materials and Methods: This systematic review intended to include patients indicated for upper premolar bilateral extraction and subsequent retraction of anterior teeth, considering the use of TPA as an anchorage tool in one of the treatment groups. The search was systematically performed, up to April 2015, in the following electronic databases: Medline, Embase, and all evidence-based medicine reviews via OVID, Cochrane Library, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. Risk of bias assessment was performed using Cochrane's Risk of Bias Tool for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies (MINORS) for non-RCTs. Results: Fourteen articles were finally included. Nine RCTs and five non-RCTs presented moderate to high risk of bias. Only one study investigated the use of TPA in comparison with no anchorage, failing to show significant differences regarding molar anchorage loss. A meta-analysis showed a significant increase in anchorage control when temporary anchorage devices were compared with TPA (mean difference [MD] 2.09 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.80 to 2.38], seven trials), TPA + headgear (MD 1.71 [95% CI 0.81 to 2.6], four trials), and TPA + utility arch (MD 0.63 [95% CI 0.12 to 1.15], 3 trials). Conclusion: Based on mostly moderate risk of bias and with some certainty level, TPA alone should not be recommended to provide maximum anchorage during retraction of anterior teeth in extraction cases.

Objectives Many studies have been developed aiming to reveal the usefulness of cavum X-rays and telerradiographies as diagnostic tools for the detection of upper airway obstruction due to adenoid hypertrophy. However, the scientific literature is diverse and controversial. Therefore, a systematic review is proposed; with the objective to determine the diagnosis value of lateral X-ray view of the skull regarding adenoid hypertrophy. Methods Searching was conducted on Pubmed, Lilacs, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Knowledge databases; and was restricted to studies published in English, Portuguese or Spanish languages, carried out on humans under 18 years of age. All the obtained publications were first submitted to a pre-selection, and then, full-texts (n = 66) were analyzed and selected by independent examiners. The resultant studies (n = 11) were systematically and critically analyzed, and qualified according to QUADAS (Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies) questionnaire, an assessment tool designed to qualify diagnostic tests accuracy studies. Results Searching and selection procedures generated 11 studies which were considered adequate to be systematically analyzed. Accordingly, large variation was observed concerning the evaluation methods of radiographic and fibronasoendoscopic exams, and the sample characteristics. Additionally, little amount of scientific evidences could be provided, since few radiographic variables were analyzed simultaneously. Moreover, assessment methods were, at most, subjective or poorly described. QUADAS application revealed other significant limitations related to the sampling, such as inadequate spectrum of the investigated “disease” (adenoid hypertrophy), and poor report of the subjects’ enrollment and participation process. Further, QUADAS revealed inadequacies regarding methodological features, including poor description of the radiographic exams and assessment methods. In addition, it was also shown that most of the studies did not specify the moment in clinical time when both exams were performed; neither reported a strategy of “blindness” by the examiners. Conclusions Despite such limitations, the majority of the resultant data indicates that lateral X-rays might be considered somewhat useful, even though it could not be clearly demonstrated. Future research should then adhere to greater methodological rigor, in order to investigate the significance of radiographies as a screening test.

OBJETIVOS: comparar os efeitos de diferentes prescrições de braquetes pré-ajustados na movimentação dentária dos dentes anterossuperiores, por meio da utilização do Método de Elementos Finitos (MEF). MÉTODOS: foi utilizado um modelo tridimensional composto por um incisivo central, um incisivo lateral e um canino, todos do hemiarco superior esquerdo. Esses elementos foram submetidos à atuação de vetores de força que simularam a ação dos pré-ajustes de angulação e torque dos braquetes das prescrições de Alexander, Andrews, Capelozza, MBT, Ricketts e Roth. Após a simulação, os dados referentes ao deslocamento espacial dos pontos incisais e apicais foram registrados de forma que o novo posicionamento admitido pelos longos eixos dentários e seus pontos constituintes fossem determinados. RESULTADOS: a maioria das prescrições se comportou similarmente em relação aos parâmetros avaliados. As diferenças significativas encontradas no estudo se referem ao incisivo lateral superior que continha o braquete com a prescrição de Ricketts, que apresentou uma menor inclinação vestibular de seu longo eixo. Além disso, o canino superior da mesma prescrição apresentou uma maior inclinação de seu longo eixo para mesial e uma maior inclinação vestibular de seu longo eixo em relação às outras. A avaliação qualitativa da movimentação do incisivo central superior indicou um maior deslocamento distal dos ápices radiculares para as prescrições cujos autores estipularam maiores valores de angulação (Andrews, Capelozza, Roth e Alexander), e um maior deslocamento vestibular da coroa para as prescrições que estipularam os maiores valores de torque para os incisivos centrais (Ricketts, MBT, Alexander e Roth).AIM: The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of different prescriptions on anterior superior tooth movement simulation through a Finite Element Method (FEM). METHODS: It was utilized a 3D model, which was comprised of an upper left central and lateral incisors, and a upper left cuspid. These elements were subjected to force vectors which simulated tip and torque pre-adjustments of Alexander, Andrews, Capelozza, MBT, Ricketts, and Roth brackets. After the referred simulation, data concerning the spatial displacement of the incisal and apical points were registered in order to determine the position newly assumed by the teeth long axis, as well as its constituent points. RESULTS: Most of the prescriptions reacted similarly to the simulation, regarding to the evaluated parameters. However, significant differences were found. Ricketts' lateral incisor presented the smallest buccal inclination of its long axis. Moreover, Ricketts' upper left cuspid presented the greatest mesial and buccal inclination of its long axis. A qualitative analysis performed with the upper central incisor indicated that there was a larger distal movement of the apical points for the prescriptions whose authors advocated the greatest tip values (Andrews, Capelozza, Roth and Alexander). Furthermore, it was observed pronounced crown buccal displacements for the prescriptions whose authors indicated greatest torque values (Ricketts, MBT, Alexander and Roth).

OBJETIVOS: comparar os efeitos de diferentes prescrições de braquetes pré-ajustados na movimentação dentária dos dentes anterossuperiores, por meio da utilização do Método de Elementos Finitos (MEF). MÉTODOS: foi utilizado um modelo tridimensional composto por um incisivo central, um incisivo lateral e um canino, todos do hemiarco superior esquerdo. Esses elementos foram submetidos à atuação de vetores de força que simularam a ação dos pré-ajustes de angulação e torque dos braquetes das prescrições de Alexander, Andrews, Capelozza, MBT, Ricketts e Roth. Após a simulação, os dados referentes ao deslocamento espacial dos pontos incisais e apicais foram registrados de forma que o novo posicionamento admitido pelos longos eixos dentários e seus pontos constituintes fossem determinados. RESULTADOS: a maioria das prescrições se comportou similarmente em relação aos parâmetros avaliados. As diferenças significativas encontradas no estudo se referem ao incisivo lateral superior que continha o braquete com a prescrição de Ricketts, que apresentou uma menor inclinação vestibular de seu longo eixo. Além disso, o canino superior da mesma prescrição apresentou uma maior inclinação de seu longo eixo para mesial e uma maior inclinação vestibular de seu longo eixo em relação às outras. A avaliação qualitativa da movimentação do incisivo central superior indicou um maior deslocamento distal dos ápices radiculares para as prescrições cujos autores estipularam maiores valores de angulação (Andrews, Capelozza, Roth e Alexander), e um maior deslocamento vestibular da coroa para as prescrições que estipularam os maiores valores de torque para os incisivos centrais (Ricketts, MBT, Alexander e Roth).

Objective: To investigate differences between nose and mouthbreathing children with respect to the occlusal characteristics and palatal dimensions. Method: F...

Introduction Although the scientific literature recognizes that lateral cephalometric radiographs might be clinically useful, there is no consensus in relation to the best parameter available. Therefore, this research was aimed at evaluating current radiographic assessment methods designed to investigate adenoid hypertrophy and nasopharyngeal obstruction. Methods Children from 4 to 14 years old with nasal obstruction or oral breathing complaints, suspected to be caused by adenoid hypertrophy, received cephalometric examinations. One hundred twenty radiographic records were evaluated according to several current methods, and data were compared with respective gold-standard videonasopharyngoscopic examinations, in relation to the percentage of choanal obstruction. Results Groups derived from a grading system had significantly different percentages of choanal obstruction. However, this parameter showed low sensitivity. Significant but moderate correlations were observed between most of the quantitative radiographic parameters and the percentage of choanal obstruction. Alternatively, a regression model was introduced; it demonstrated satisfactory ability to predict choanal obstruction percentage. Despite limitations, this model could also distinguish patients who might benefit from referral to otolaryngologic care. Conclusions Current adenoid assessment methods have significant limitations. A novel assessment method introduced here might be clinically useful.

OBJETIVO: o presente estudo destinou-se a comparar a morfologia tegumentar de indivíduos segundo a tipologia facial. MÉTODOS: foram utilizadas 90 telerradiografias de pacientes de ambos os sexos, de 12 a 16 anos de idade, divididas em três grupos distintos, referentes a cada padrão morfológico: mesofacial, dolicofacial e braquifacial. Os grupos foram comparados no que se refere às medidas de espessura e altura do lábio superior e inferior, além da espessura do mento mole. Ainda, foi apurada a presença de correlações entre as variáveis de tecido mole avaliadas e medidas cefalométricas de natureza dentária e esquelética. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: os lábios superiores e inferiores, assim como o mento mole, não apresentaram diferenças em relação às suas espessuras em todos os grupos morfológicos. Porém, as alturas do lábio superior e inferior foram significativamente maiores para os dolicofaciais quando esses foram comparados aos demais grupos. Braquifaciais apresentaram menor altura do lábio superior quando comparados aos mesofaciais, embora ambos não tenham se diferenciado significativamente no que se refere à altura do lábio inferior. A análise das correlações estabelecidas entre as variáveis dos tecidos moles e duros indicou evidências de um desenvolvimento vertical dos lábios superior e inferior em acompanhamento ao desenvolvimento vertical do esqueleto. O posicionamento vertical do incisivo superior se correlacionou significativamente aos mesmos parâmetros labiais, o que garantiu um nível de exposição semelhante desse elemento dentário em todos os grupos. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to compare the soft tissue morphology of individuals according to their facial patterns. METHODS: Were used cephalograms of 90 patients of both genders, aged 12 to 16 years, which were divided into three distinct groups, according to their morphological patterns, i.e., mesofacials, dolichofacials and brachyfacials. The groups were compared in terms of thickness and height of the upper and lower lips, and thickness of the soft tissue chin. Correlations between soft tissue variables and dental and skeletal cephalometric measurements were also investigated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Thickness of upper lip, lower lip and soft tissue chin showed no differences in all morphological groups. However, upper and lower lip heights were significantly greater in dolichofacials. Brachyfacials showed smaller upper lip height compared with mesofacials, although no differences were found between those two groups in terms of lower lip height. Assessment of the correlations between soft and skeletal/dental variables evidenced vertical development of the upper and lower lips, commensurate with the vertical development of the skeleton. The vertical positioning of upper incisors significantly correlated with the same parameters related to the lips, which ensured a similar exposure level of these teeth in all groups.

OBJETIVO: o presente estudo propõe-se a comparar as dimensões da nasofaringe e as características esqueléticas avaliadas por exame cefalométrico, em indivíduos com padrões morfológicos distintos. MÉTODOS: foram utilizadas 90 telerradiografias de pacientes de ambos os gêneros, de 12 a 16 anos de idade, as quais foram igualmente divididas em três grupos distintos, referentes aos padrões morfológicos - braquifacial, mesofacial e dolicofacial. Foram realizadas medições específicas da região nasofaringeana (ad1-Ptm, ad2-Ptm, ad1-Ba, ad2-S0, (ad1-ad2-S0-Ba-ad1/Ptm-S 0-Ba-Ptm) X 100, e Ptm-Ba) e relativas ao padrão esquelético da face. RESULTADOS: observou-se que os pacientes dolicofaciais apresentaram menor profundidade sagital óssea (Ptm-Ba) e da via aérea da nasofaringe (ad1-Ptm e ad2-Ptm). Sugere-se que essas diferenças estejam relacionadas a um posicionamento relativamente mais posterior da maxila, comum a esses pacientes. Todavia, não foram detectadas diferenças quanto à espessura de tecido mole na parede posterior nasofaringeana (ad1-Ba e ad2-S0), ou à sua proporção em relação a toda a área delimitada para a nasofaringe [(ad1-ad2-S0-Ba-ad1/Ptm-S 0-Ba-Ptm) X 100]. CONCLUSÃO: sugere-se, portanto, que as características faciais de excesso vertical encontradas em pacientes dolicofaciais podem ocorrer, dentre outros fatores, em virtude da obstrução da via aérea nasofaringeana, uma vez que tais dimensões se apresentaram menores para os dolicofaciais. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the dimensions of the nasopharynx and the skeletal features-evaluated by cephalometric examination-of individuals with different morphological patterns. METHODS: Were used cephalometric radiographs of 90 patients of both genders, aged 12 to 16 years, which were also divided into three distinct groups, according to their morphological patterns, i.e., brachyfacials, mesofacials and dolichofacials. Measurements were performed of specific nasopharyngeal regions (ad1-Ptm, ad2-Ptm, ad1-Ba, ad2-S0, (ad1-ad2-S0-Ba-ad1/Ptm-S 0-Ba-Ptm) X 100, and Ptm-Ba), and relative to the facial skeletal patterns. RESULTS: Dolichofacial patients were found to have lower than average bone depth sagittally (Ba-Ptm) and lower nasopharyngeal airway depth (ad1-Ptm and ad2-Ptm). Arguably, these differences are linked to a relatively more posterior position of the maxilla, typical of these patients. No differences were found, however, in the soft tissue thickness of the posterior nasopharyngeal wall (ad1-Ba and ad2-S0), or their proportion in the whole area bounded by the nasopharynx ((ad1-ad2-S0-Ba-ad1/Ptm-S 0-Ba-Ptm) X 100). CONCLUSIONS: We therefore suggest that the excessively vertical facial features found in dolichofacial patients may be the result, among other factors, of nasopharyngeal airway obstruction, since such dimensions were shown to be smaller in dolichofacials.

Objective: this study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of current radiographic measurements, which were originally conceived to evaluate adenoid hypertrophy, as potential referral parameters. Methods: children aged from 4 to 14 years, of both genders, who presented nasal obstruction complaints, were subjected to cavum radiography. Radiographic examinations (n = 120) were evaluated according to categorical and quantitative parameters, and data were compared to gold-standard videonasopharyngoscopic examination, regarding accuracy (sensitivity, negative predictive value, specificity, and positive predictive value). Results: radiographic grading systems presented low sensitivity for the identification of patients with two-thirds choanal space obstruction. However, some of these parameters presented relatively high specificity rates when three-quarters adenoid obstruction was the threshold of interest. Amongst the quantitative variables, a mathematical model was found to be more suitable for identifying patients with more than two-thirds obstruction. Conclusion: this model was shown to be potentially useful as a screening tool to include patients with, at least, two-thirds adenoid obstruction. Moreover, one of the categorical parameters was demonstrated to be relatively more useful, as well as a potentially safer assessment tool to exclude patients with less than three-quarters obstruction, to be indicated for adenoidectomy. Resumo: Objetivo: o objetivo deste estudo foi de investigar a utilidade de medidas radiográficas destinadas à avaliação da tonsila faríngea a serem utilizadas como potenciais parâmetros de encaminhamento. Métodos: crianças de quatro a 14 anos, de ambos os gêneros, que apresentavam queixas referentes à obstrução nasal foram submetidas à radiografia do cavum. Os registros radiográficos (n = 120) foram avaliados de acordo com parâmetros categóricos e quantitativos, e dados resultantes foram comparados ao exame padrão-ouro de videonasofaringoscopia, em relação às suas taxas de acurácia (sensibilidade, valor preditivo negativo, especificidade e valor preditivo positivo). Resultados: os parâmetros radiográficos categóricos apresentaram baixa sensibilidade para a identificação de pacientes portadores de ⅔ de obstrução do espaço coanal. No entanto, alguns destes parâmetros apresentaram especificidades relativamente altas quando ¾ de obstrução coanal era o ponto de corte de interesse. Dentre as variáveis quantitativas, um modelo matemático se mostrou mais adequado para identificar pacientes com mais de ⅔ de obstrução coanal. Conclusão: este modelo demonstrou, assim, ser potencialmente útil como método de rastreamento para identificação de pacientes com pelo menos ⅔ de obstrução adenoidiana. Além disso, um dos parâmetros categóricos analisados demonstrou ser relativamente mais útil e potencialmente seguro para eliminar pacientes queixosos com menos de ¾ de obstrução a serem indicados à adenoidectomia. Keywords: Mouth breathing, Diagnosis, Adenoidectomy, Palavras-chave: Respiração bucal, Diagnóstico, Adenoidectomia

O escaneamento intraoral apresenta vantagens em relação à moldagem com alginato, uma vez que é menos propenso a erros técnicos e provenientes das características do material de moldagem, além de proporcionar um conforto maior ao paciente. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar em pacientes pediátricos a concordância do escaneamento intraoral em relação a mensurações dentárias, comparando as medidas obtidas clinicamente aos modelos digitais, modelos impressos de filamento e modelos convencionais de gesso. Para a realização desse estudo, foram selecionados pacientes em dentição mista, com idades entre 7 a 12 anos, apresentando pelo menos os incisivos centrais e molares permanentes superiores irrompidos e respeitando outros critérios de inclusão previamente estabelecidos. A mensuração do tamanho dentário obtida com o equipamento Scanner 3Shape Trios (3Shape A/S, Copenhague, Dinamarca) foi comparada com aquela obtida clinicamente com auxílio de paquímetro digital (método de referência), assim como as medidas realizadas em modelos de gesso provenientes de moldagem com alginato e modelos de filamento impressos a partir da moldagem digital. Para a análise dos dados, foi realizado o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse e a concordância foi categorizada segundo o mesmo. Todas as análises foram realizadas no programa R versão 3.6.0 (Universidade de Auckland, Nova Zelândia). De acordo com o presente estudo, não houve diferença na concordância entre as medidas realizadas nos modelos de gesso e nos modelos de filamento, em relação ao método de referência e para as medidas no modelo digital, a concordância em relação ao método de referência foi baixa ou nula na região dos molares. A partir dos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que houve uma alta concordância entre as medidas realizadas nos modelos de gesso obtidos via moldagem com alginato e nos modelos de filamento obtidos via impressão de moldagem digital, em relação ao método de referência (avaliação intrabucal) e para todos os métodos avaliados, a concordância com relação ao método de referência foi alta para as medidas na região de incisivos. Intraoral scanning has advantages over alginate molding since it is less prone to technical errors and from the characteristics of the molding material, in addition to providing greater comfort to the patient. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the agreement of intraoral scanning for dental measurements, comparing digital models, printed filaments models and conventional gypsum models to the clinically evaluated measures (intrabuccal evaluation - reference method), in pediatric patients. To perform this study patients with mixed dentition (7 to 12 years of age) with at least central incisors and permanent maxillary molars were selected and followed the inclusion criteria previously determined. The measurement of the tooth size obtained with the Scanner 3Shape Trios equipment (3Shape A / S, Copenhagen, Denmark) was compared with that obtained clinically with the aid of a digital caliper (reference method), as well as the measurements performed on gypsum models from molding with alginate and filament models printed from the digital molding. For the data analysis, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was performed and the agreement was categorized according to the same. All analyzes were performed in the R program 3.6.0 (University of Auckland, New Zealand). According to the present study, there was no difference in agreement between the measurements performed on gypsum models and on filament models, in relation to the reference method, and for the measurements in the digital model, the agreement in relation to the reference method was low or null in the molar region. From the obtained results, it can be concluded that there was a high concordance between the measurements made in the plaster models obtained by alginate molding and in the filament models obtained by digital impression printing, in relation to the reference method (intraoral evaluation). And for all evaluated methods, concordance with the reference method was high for measurements in the incisor region.

O objetivo do presente estudo in vitro foi comparar elásticos ortodônticos intermaxilares dos tipos látex e não látex (Dentaurum, Newtown, PA, EUA, diâmetro 3/16\'\', de força média) por meio da quantificação da endotoxina bacteriana aderida, avaliação da rugosidade superficial, análise qualitativa da micromorfologia superficial e da avaliação da força e do diâmetro interno desses elásticos, após ensaio de deformação. Para a quantificação da endotoxina bacteriana, efetuada por meio do teste QCL-1000(TM) em leitor de ELISA, os elásticos ortodônticos foram divididos em 5 grupos conforme segue: Grupos experimentais: elásticos ortodônticos intermaxilares do tipo látex (n=12) e não-látex (n=12), contaminados por 24 horas pela solução de endotoxina previamente preparada; Grupos Controles Negativos: elásticos ortodônticos intermaxilares do tipo látex (n=6) e não-látex (n=6) retirados de suas embalagens originais, sem contaminação pela solução de endotoxina e; Grupo Controle Positivo (n = 6): corpos de prova de aço inoxidável (réplicas metálicas), contaminados pela solução de endotoxina. Os valores foram obtidos em UE/mL e transformados em escores para análise estatística. Paralelamente, uma análise descritiva qualitativa da micromorfologia estrutural (n=6 elásticos de cada tipo látex e não látex) e análise quantitativa da rugosidade superficial (valores em µm) (n=10 elásticos de cada tipo) foram realizadas em microscopia confocal a laser. Essas análises foram realizadas no tempo 0 e após 24 e 72 horas em ensaio de deformação. Da mesma forma, foi realizada avaliação da força (valores em g) e do diâmetro interno (valores em mm) de ambos os tipos de elásticos (n=10), nos períodos de 0, 24 e 72 horas, por meio de um dinamômetro e um paquímetro digital, respectivamente. Os dados foram analisados por meio do programa estatístico GraphPad Prism® 5, por meio dos testes Shapiro Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn, ANOVA e Bonferroni, sendo o nível de significância de 5% adotado para todas as análises. De acordo com os resultados obtidos observou-se que a endotoxina bacteriana se aderiu em ambos os elásticos testados, sem diferença estatisticamente significante entre elásticos látex, não látex e réplicas de aço inoxidável (p>0,05). A microestrutura da superfície de ambos os elásticos apresentou irregularidades e porosidades, inicialmente e nos períodos de 24 e 72 horas após ensaio de deformação. Após 24 horas, a rugosidade superficial dos elásticos do tipo látex foi significantemente menor em comparação aos elásticos do tipo não látex (p0.05). Com relação à força, os elásticos do tipo não látex apresentaram valores significativamente maiores, em comparação aos do tipo látex, nos períodos de 0, 24 e 72 horas (p 0.05). The microstructure of the surface of both elastics showed irregularities and porosities, initially and in the periods of 24 and 72 hours after strain test. After 24 hours, the surface roughness of the latex elastics was significantly lower compared to non-latex elastics (p 0.05). Regarding force, the non-latex elastics showed significantly higher values, compared to the latex types, in the periods of 0, 24 and 72 hours (p

É amplo na literatura a investigação acerca do impacto de desfechos ortodônticos na qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde bucal de adolescentes, muitos estudos avaliam o impacto do uso do aparelho fixo na qualidade de vida destes indivíduos. A literatura tem insistido no uso de instrumentos condição específica para a avaliação do impacto dos desfechos bucais na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal de adolescentes. É relevante, também, entender a diferença entre indivíduos do sexo masculino e feminino às resposta ao tratamento odontológico. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar, comparativamente, o impacto do tratamento ortodôntico inicial com aparelho fixo na qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde bucal de adolescentes do sexo masculino e feminino, utilizando um questionário condição específica. A amostra deste estudo transversal envolveu 46 adolescentes de ambos os sexos com idade entre 10 a 18 anos, no sexto mês de tratamento ortodôntico com aparelho fixo na Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Para avaliação do impacto do tratamento ortodôntico com aparelho fixo na qualidade de vida do adolescente foi utilizada a versão brasileira do questionário condição específica Impact of Fixed Appliances Measure (B-IFAM). Este questionário é composto por 43 perguntas distribuídas em 9 domínios: impacto estético (5 perguntas), impacto funcional (3 perguntas), impacto na dieta (6 perguntas), impacto na higiene bucal (3 perguntas), impacto na conservação (2 perguntas), impacto físico (9 perguntas), impacto social (5 perguntas), limitações de tempo (5 perguntas) e impacto em transporte/custo/inconveniência (5 perguntas). As opções de resposta para cada pergunta seguem uma escala Likert, que varia de 1 a 5, sendo 1= discordo totalmente, 2= discordo, 3= não concordo nem discordo, 4= concordo e 5= concordo totalmente. Um maior escore é indicativo de um impacto mais negativo na qualidade de vida do adolescente. A análise dos dados sociodemográficos envolveu o teste qui-quadrado e o teste Mann-Whitney. O teste t de student foi realizado para analisar as diferenças entre indivíduos do sexo masculino e feminino com relação ao escore total do B-IFAM e seus domínios. A análise de covariância foi realizada para avaliar as diferenças entre adolescentes dos sexo masculino e feminino com relação ao escore total do B-IFAM, controlando as variáveis de confusão. Dos 46 participantes deste estudo, 25 eram do sexo feminino e 21 do sexo masculino. A média da idade dos adolescentes foi 13,1 anos. Os resultados mostraram que adolescentes do sexo feminino apresentaram um impacto mais negativo na qualidade de vida durante o tratamento ortodôntico com aparelho fixo quando comparadas com adolescentes do sexo masculino (p