Search

Objective: This research aimed to determine the smoking frequency and smoking-related gestational and postpartum health problems in our study population. We investigated the quit rate during pregnancy and relapse after giving birth. The study was conducted in two university family health centers. A total of 270 women aged 18–45 with children were included in the study. Following receipt of verbal consent, the cases’ demographic data, previous obstetric information, smoking status, and gestational weight gain (GWG) were collected through face-to-face interviews and electronic records. The participants’ mean age was 35.75 ± 6.9 years and 28.1% were current smokers. Forty-one participants (16%) smoked during pregnancy, while the secondhand smoking rate was 30%. Ex-smokers experienced greater GWG (17.5 ± 1.7 kg (p = 0.003)) than current smokers and non-smokers. Small gestational age (SGA) and health problems in the first year of life were more frequent in the babies of smoker mothers (p < 0.05). The relapse rate was 81.4%, and the mean relapse interval was 13.9 ± 1.85 months. Having a smoker spouse (0.42 Exp(B), p = 0.035) and high GWG (0.98 Exp(B), p = 0.01) were identified as independent risk factors for relapse. Our results indicate that many of the smoker women quit during pregnancy. Special interventions may increase the quitting rate in pregnancy and reduce the subsequent relapse rate.

Amaç: Başta hipotalamus olmak üzere merkezi sinir sisteminde geniş bir dağılım gösteren histamin birçok otonomik işlevin düzenlenmesinde bir nörotransmitter veya nöromodülatör olarak rol almaktadır. Hipotalamusta; yiyecek, su alımı ve vücut ağırlığının düzenlenmesinde görev alan birçok çekirdekte histamin reseptörleri geniş bir dağılıma sahiptir. Çalışmada, merkezi yolla histamin, klorfeniramin, ranitidin ve tiyoperamid tedavilerinin sıçanlarda oluşturduğu yiyecek ve su alımı ile vücut ağırlığı değişimleri araştırılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma, Sprague-Dawley ırkı sıçanlarda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Histamin (100 nmol), histaminerjik H1 reseptör antagonisti klorfeniramin (100 nmol), histaminerjik H2 reseptör antagonisti ranitidin (100 nmol) veya histaminerjik H3/H4 reseptör antagonisti tiyoperamid (100 nmol) serebral yan ventriküler yolla günde bir kez olacak şekilde 7 gün boyunca enjekte edilmiştir. Bulgular: Histamin, klorfeniramin ve ranitidinin gıda ve su alımı ile vücut ağırlığında azalmalara neden olmuştur. Fakat tiyoperamid ile yapılan tedavi bahsedilen ilaçların tersine gıda ve su alımı ile vücut ağırlığında artışlara yol açmıştır.Sonuç: Elde edilen veriler, 7 günlük tedaviler sonrasında merkezi histamin, klorfeniramin ve ranitidin tedavilerinin beslenmenin düzenlenmesinde negatif etkilere yol açtığını göstermektedir. Bunun yanında, merkezi tiyoperamid ile yapılan 7 günlük tedavinin gıda ve su alımı ile kilo alımına neden olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır., Aim: The histaminergic system, which has a wide distribution in the central nervous system, especially the hypothalamus, plays a role as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in the regulation of many autonomic functions. In the hypothalamus, histamine receptors are widely distributed in many nuclei involved in the regulation of food, water intake, and body weight. In this study, food and water intake and body weight changes caused by histamine, chlorpheniramine, ranitidine, and thioperamide treatments chronically in rats were investigated.Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in Sprague-Dawley rats. Histamine (100 nmol), histaminergic H1 receptor antagonist chlorpheniramine (100 nmol), histaminergic H2 receptor antagonist ranitidine (100 nmol), or histaminergic H3/H4 receptor antagonist thioperamide (100 nmol) were injected via the cerebral side ventricular route for 7 days. Results: Histamine, chlorpheniramine, and ranitidine caused reductions in food and water intake and body weight. However, treatment with thioperamide led to increases in food and water intake and body weight, unlike the aforementioned drugs.Conclusion: As a result, the data obtained show that after 7 days of treatments, central histamine, chlorpheniramine, and ranitidine treatments cause negative effects on the regulation of nutrition. In addition, it was revealed that 7 days of treatment with central thioperamide caused weight gain with food and water intake.

The aim of this investigation is to determine the potential protective effect and mechanism of a novel non-anticoagulant heparin-derived product on lead (Pb) mediated endothelial cells (ECs) toxicity. Pb is known to have detrimental effects on human health by affecting the function of all systems of the human body due to its toxicity on ECs. Altered activities of the protective substances secreted by the vascular endothelium such as EC’s tissue factor pathway inhibiter (TFPI), nitric oxide and other protective factors might increase the risk for vascular disorders. Heparin and its sulfated non-anticoagulant low molecular weight heparin (S-NACH) are known to enhance TFPI release from ECs, which is a protective mechanism for the ECs against thrombo-inflammation. We examined 3–100 µM Pb-induced dysfunction on ECs and the potential protective effect of 1–10 µM S-NACH in returning the ECs’ normal function. Methods included an in vitro tube formation assay and an in vivo Matrigel plug angiogenesis model in mice. We found that Pb-induced EC dysfunction by inhibiting EC viability. The cytotoxic effect of 3–100 µM Pb on ECs inhibited angiogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. Pb disrupted ECs’ normal physiological function by hindering the release of its endogenous vascular protective mediators TFPI-1 and TFPI-2. The impairment effect of 3–30 µM Pb on ECs’ release of both TFPIs was effectively reversed to normal levels by S-NACH in a concentration-dependent manner and combatted the harmful Pb effects on physiological angiogenesis. Our data indicate that S-NACH, which is devoid of bleeding side effects, can effectively reverse potentially high-risk Pb-mediated endothelial cytotoxicity by reversing the physiological release of endogenous EC TFPIs.

WOS: 000529333500029 In the scope of the struggle against cigarette addiction in our country, Law. 4207, adopted on 07.11.1996 and Lw. 5727, adopted on 03.01.2008, introduced very important restrictions on smoking in public areas. Especially with Article 2/1-a of Law No. 5727, hospitals apply strict rules on smoking. Since 2015, five-meter sections in front of health institutions have been included in this prohibition. These substances. which provide very important regulations for the provision of smokeless air space, are justified in terms of preventing the harm of smoking. On the other hand, some cigarette addicts may have serious problems in obeying smoking bans during their hospitalization. Anxiety levels may increase in some of these people as they assume they will experience severe nicotine withdrawal symptoms as long as they are hospitalized. Increased anxiety and severe withdrawal symptoms may result in patients breaking the smoking ban. In some cases, this anxiety can be monitored in a much more severe state. In this case report, a case with a very high level of cigarette dependence, who had to receive hospitalized immunosuppressive treatment because psoriasis disease was exacerbated and refused hospitalization, was discussed.

WOS: 000529333500023 The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between weight and body mass index (BMI) changes in smokers during 1 year. Between June 1, 2012 and June 1, 2013, 460 individuals who applied to Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Medicine Family Medicine Smoking Cessation Policlinic were interviewed by telephone, and a structured interview was conducted. Participants were asked about their current smoking status and weight. Exercise and diet suggestions were scored on a 5-point Likert-type scale to determine how well participants followed the suggestions. The data obtained were compared with anthropometric data from the patient's first visit to the outpatient clinic. Demographic data, social data, and smoking characteristics of the subjects (pack/year, Fagerstrom Nicotine Dependence Test [FNDT] scores) were examined with weight changes as independent variables. Overall, 100 cases (21.7%) did not smoke after one year, and 145 recurrent cases (31.7%) did not smoke for a mean of 4.21 +/- 4.14 months. Women who quit smoking were more likely to comply with exercise recommendations than others (F=2.875, p=0.015). Women who quit smoking gained 3.77 +/- 2.6 kg and their BMI increased by 1.33 +/- 1.9 kg/m(2). Men who quit smoking gained 5.03 +/- 3.2 kg in one year, and their BMI increased by 1.52 +/- 1.7 kg/m(2). It was observed that men who quit smoking gained more weight than women did (F=2.102, p

Background: Mastalgia defines pain that is located in or felt in the breast area. Pain can be a symptom in many psychiatric disorders. Therefore, considering the psychiatric disorders in the evaluation of patients with mastalgia is of great importance in terms of treatment success and pain control Aims and Objective: In this study, we aimed to identify the psychiatric diagnoses that may be involved in the etiology of mastalgia and to retrospectively determine the frequency of patients who may need psychiatric treatment among the treatment options that can be used in patients with mastalgia Materials and Methods: We included patients who presented with breast pain between August 2017 and August 2018 and had normal results of radiological imaging studies. The archive system of the hospital was screened for the presence of any psychiatric admission before the diagnosis and previous psychiatric diagnoses, if any, were recorded Results: There were 1124 patients with mastalgia included in our study. Screening of psychiatric comorbidities recorded in the archive system revealed the presence of psychiatric admissions in 19.04% (n = 214) of the patients. Student's t-independent test showed a statistically significant difference between the mean age of mastalgia patients with and without psychiatric comorbidity Conclusion: In our study, we demonstrated the presence of anxiety disorder as psychiatric comorbidity in a high percentage of patients (43.9%), which was consistent with the rates reported in the literature of somatic symptoms, which are associated with anxiety disorder.

To investigate the effect of video directly observed therapy (VDOT) on stigma levels in tuberculosis (TB) patients.Thirty TB patients (36.5%) receiving directly observed therapy (DOT) and 52 receiving VDOT (63.4%) between 15.08.2021 and 15.10.2021 in Samsun, Turkey, were included in this study (n = 82). All the participants completed the Stigma Scale in Patients with Tuberculosis (SSTB), and their demographic and disease characteristics were investigated.The mean age of the participants was 50.0 ± 17.8 years, 64 were married (78.8%), and 38 were women (46.3%) in the study group. Sixty patients had pulmonary TB (73.1%), and duration of disease was less than 6 months in 64 (82.9) patients. The mean SSTB score was 84.2 ± 12.3, the DOT group exhibiting higher SSTB scores then the VDOT group (t = 2.524, P =Our results confirm that TB patients who receive VDOT has less stigmata compared with homecare DOT.

Centrally injected some prostaglandins (PG) and orexin (OX) produce similar cardiovascular responses. We have recently reported that both central cyclooxygenase (COX) and central lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes mediate the cardiovascular effects of OX. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the mediating effects of thromboxane (TX) A2, PGD, PGE, and PGF2a, as COX pathway subproducts known to be active in cardiovascular control, on cardiovascular responses elicited by OX. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of OX increased cardiovascular levels in normotensive male Sprague Dawley rats. Moreover, central pretreatment with the TXA2 synthesis inhibitor furegrelate, PGF2α receptor antagonist, PGF2α-dimethylamine, PGE, and PGD receptor antagonist AH6809 partially attenuated the centrally administered OX -induced pressor and tachycardic cardiovascular responses in rats. In conclusion, our results show that i.c.v. injection of OX increases blood pressure and heart rate. Moreover, TXA2, PGF2α, PGE, and PGD mediate, at least in part, the centrally applied OX -evoked pressor and tachycardic responses. The results suggest that centrally injected OX -evoked pressor and tachycardia responses may also be mediated by arachidonic acid metabolites other than TXA2, PGF2α, PGE, and PGD.

Merkezi sinir sistemi içerisinde nörotransmitter ve nöromodülatör etkiye sahip histamin, davranış durumunun, biyolojik ritmin, vücut ağırlığının, enerji metabolizmasının, termoregülasyonun, sıvı dengesinin, stresin ve üremenin düzenlenmesinde anahtar role sahiptir. Histaminin merkezi akut enjeksiyonlarının hipotalamo-hipofizer-gonadal (HPG) aks içerisinde etkili olduğunu ve histaminin merkezi H1 ve H2 reseptörlerinin bu etkiye aracılık ettiğini gösterdik. Fakat çalışmalarda, histaminin ve histamin reseptör antagonistlerinin uzun süreli merkezi tedavilerinin HPG aks içerisindeki etkilerine dair açıklayıcı bir bilgi bulunmamaktadır. Çalışmada, kronik olarak intraserebroventriküler (i.s.v.) enjekte edilen histamin ve antagonistlerinin hipotalamo-hipofizer-gonadal (HPG) aksta rol oynayan, gonadotropin salgılatıcı hormonun (GnRH), folikül stimüle edici hormonun (FSH), lüteinleştirici hormonun (LH) ve testosteron hormonunun plazma seviyelerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışma Sprague-Dawley ırkı sıçanlarda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Histamin (100 nmol), histaminerjik H1 reseptör antagonisti klorfeniramin (100 nmol), histaminerjik H2 reseptör antagonisti ranitidin (100 nmol) veya histaminerjik H3/H4 reseptör antagonisti tiyoperamid (100 nmol) i.s.v. olarak 7 gün boyunca enjekte edilmiştir. Histamin ve antagonistlerinin kronik enjeksiyonu GnRH’nın plazma seviyelerinde anlamlı bir fark oluşturmamıştır. Kronik histamin veya klorfeniramin tedavisi sonucu plazma FSH seviyelerinde artış (p

Introduction/Aim: Fagerstrom test for Nicotine Dependency (FNDT) is one of the most frequent tools used to assess the nicotine dependency in primarycare. Today, apart from classical cigarette smoking many nicotine addicts may prefer other methods (e-cigarette, hookah, pipe, cigars, light cigarette users ordirectly tobacco users) to gather nicotine. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of FNDT in this non-classical nicotineaddicts. Material and Methods: Among 550 volunteered patients who have administered to the OMU Family Medicine Departments smoking cessationclinic in 2019 have been divided into two groups (Study and control). The study group consisted of 62 (11.2%) nicotine addicts who don’t smoke cigarette(Non-classical) and 488 (88.8%) cigarette smoker (classical) nicotine addict. Both groups’ FNDT scores, their package year scores are calculated and theirexhaled CO (E-CO) is measured. Then these results have been analyzed. Results: Among all of the subjects 388 were men (70.5%). The mean age of theparticipants was 39,31±12,84 years. Although there is no difference between the E-CO measurements between two groups (p>0,05), there was statisticallydifference between the mean scores of package/year and FNDT scores between the two groups (t=1.258, t=2.014, p 0,05), paket / yıl ortalama skorları ile iki grup arasındaki FNDT skorları arasında istatistiksel olarak fark vardı (t = 1,258, t = 2.014, p

We previously reported that intracerebroventricularly (ICV) injected arachidonic acid (AA) could produce pressor and bradycardic responses on the cardiovascular system and hyperventilation effect on the respiratory system by activating cyclooxygenase (COX). We also demonstrated that centrally injected AA-induced cardiovascular and respiratory responses were mediated by COX-metabolites, such as thromboxane A2 (TXA2), prostaglandin (PG) D, PGE, and PGF2α. Brain tissue is also able to express the lipoxygenase (LOX) enzyme and LOX-induced AA-metabolites. The current study was designed to investigate the possible mediation of the central LOX pathway in AA-induced cardiorespiratory effects in anesthetized rats. Central pretreatment with different doses of a non-selective LOX inhibitor, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) (500 and 1000 μg; ICV) partially blocked the AA (0.5 μmol; ICV)-evoked pressor and bradycardic cardiovascular responses in male anesthetized Sprague Dawley rats. Pretreatment with different doses of NDGA (500 and 1000 μg; ICV) also reduced AA-induced hyperventilation responses, with an increase in tidal volume, respiratory rate and minute ventilation, in the rats. Moreover, AA-induced increasing pO2 and decreasing pCO2 responses were diminished by central NDGA pretreatment. In summary, our findings show that the central LOX pathway might mediate, at least in part, centrally administered AA-evoked cardiorespiratory and blood gases responses.

Nesfatin-1 is a multifunctional neuropeptide having crucial autonomic roles. It is well known that nesfatin-1 collaborates with other central neuromodulatory systems, such as central corticotropin-releasing hormone, melanocortin, oxytocin, and cholinergic systems to show its autonomic effects. Central arachidonic acid cascade plays an important role to provide the homeostasis by exhibiting similar autonomic effects to nesfatin-1. Based on these similarities, the current study was designed to show the effects of intracerebroventricularly (ICV) injected nesfatin-1 on the hypothalamic arachidonic acid (AA) cascade. Immunochemistry and western blot approaches demonstrated that ICV administration of nesfatin-1 provokes an increase in the hypothalamic cyclooxygenase (COX) -1, -2 and lipoxygenase (LOX) protein expression. Moreover, the microdialysis study demonstrated that centrally injected nesfatin-1 increased the posterior hypothalamic extracellular AA products. In conclusion, these findings report that while nesfatin-1 is generating its autonomic effects, it also might be using central prostaglandins and leukotrienes by activating central COX and LOX pathways.

Brain histamine holds a key position in the regulation of behavioral states, biological rhythms, body weight, energy metabolism, thermoregulation, fluid balance, stress and reproduction in female animals. However, it is not clear whether central histamine exerts any effect on hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular in male rats and if so, the involvement of type of central histamine receptors. The current study was designed to determine the effect of centrally administrated histamine on plasma gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone (GnRH), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone level, and sperm parameters, and to show the mediation of the central histaminergic H1, H2 and H3/H4 receptors on histamine-evoked hormonal and sperm parameters’ effects. Studies were performed in male Sprague-Dawley rats. A total of 50 or 100 nmol doses of histamine were injected intracerebroventricularly (icv). 100 nmol dose of histamine significantly caused increases in plasma GnRH, LH, FSH and testosterone levels of animals, but not 50 nmol dose of histamine. Moreover, central pretreatment with chlorpheniramine, histaminergic H1 receptor antagonist (100 nmol), ranitidine and histaminergic H2 receptor antagonist (100 nmol) completely prevented histamine evoked increase in plasma GnRH, LH, FSH and testosterone levels, while thioperamide, histaminergic H3/H4 receptor antagonist (100 nmol) pretreatment failed to reverse sex hormones responses to histamine. Both central histamine treatment alone and central histamine treatment after central histaminergic receptors antagonists’ pretreatments did not alter any sperm parameters in rats. In conclusion, our findings show that centrally administered histamine increases plasma GnRH, LH, FSH and testosterone levels of conscious male rats without change any sperm parameters. Moreover, according to our findings, central histaminergic H1, and H2 receptors mediate these histamine-induced effects.

SAHIN, Erkan Melih/0000-0003-1520-8464; yalcin, bektas murat/0000-0003-4065-6293 WOS: 000447149300018 PubMed: 30196143 Aim/background: To investigate levels of depression, quality of life, general health perception, and factors affecting these in grandmothers providing care for their grandchildren. Material/method: One hundred two family physicians from four cities (Samsun, Amasya, Canakkale, and Izmir) in Turkey investigated 2859 women older than 65 years on their patient lists. Of these, 282 (9.8%) had spent at least 50 h caring for their grandchildren in the previous three months, and these were selected as the study group, while the remaining 2563 (89.6%) were enrolled as the control group. After all participants' demographic variables had been investigated, they completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Self-Function 12 (Mental and physical component score) (SF-12), and the Visual Analog Scale of EQ-5D (VAS). The participants in the study group also completed a questionnaire investigating features of their grandchild care. Results: The study group (with the exception of custodial grandmothers) scored better on the SF-12 (PSC = 50.60 +/- 6.96 vs 48.24 +/- 8.12), (MCS = 49.70 +/- 7.77 vs 45.48 +/- 7.61), VAS (60.44 +/- 23.5 vs 54.16 +/- 19.5), and BDI (13.97 +/- 0.3 vs 19.49 +/- 0.2) compared to the control group (p < 0.0001 for all). Age, monthly income, mean length of education, duration of care, mean hours spent caregiving per week, being a custodial grandmother, presence of more than one chronic disease, and caring for more than one grandchild at a time were identified as factors affecting SF-12, VAS and BID in the study group. Conclusion: Grandchild care positively affected the grandmothers' quality of life, depression levels, and general health perception, with the exception of custodial grandmothers.

Smoking is one of the worst habits adversely affect health. Various reasons can play a part in starting smoking. Addictions are difficult to combat for various reasons. In our manuscript, four patients with different characteristics in smoking and cessation were presented.Sigara, sağlığa olumsuz etkide bulunan en kötü alışkanlıklardandır. Sigaraya başlama nedenleri çok çeşitli olabilmektedir. Bağımlılıklarla çeşitli nedenlerle mücadele edilmesi zordur. Makalemizde, sigarayı içme ve bırakma konusunda farklı özellikte dört hasta sunulmuştur.

In the angiogenesis process, integrins, which are members of a family of cell surface transmembrane receptors, play a critical role particularly in blood vessel formation and the local release of vascular growth factors. Thyroid hormones such as l-thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine (T3) promote angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation via integrin αvβ3 receptor. At or near an arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) recognition site on the binding pocket of integrin αvβ3, tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac, a deaminated derivative of T4) is a thyrointegrin receptor antagonist and blocks the actions of T3 and T4 as well as different growth factors-mediated angiogenesis. In this study, we synthesized novel tetrac analogs by modifying the phenolic moiety of tetrac and tested them for their anti-angiogenesis activity using a Matrigel plug model for angiogenesis in mice. Pharmacological activity results showed that tetrac can accommodate numerous modifications and maintain its anti-angiogenesis activity.

That nesfatin-1 is a neuromodulatory peptide for the cardiovascular system is well documented. Several central receptors have been shown to mediate the cardiovascular effects of nesfatin-1. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot studies showed that nesfatin-1 activated the expression of the central cyclooxygenase (COX) -1, -2 and lipoxygenase (LOX). In addition, microdialysis study showed that nesfatin-1 increased the release of total prostaglandins and leukotrienes from the hypothalamus. The present study investigated whether the central COX and LOX enzymes have a direct mediating role in the MAP and HR responses of nesfatin-1. Intracerebroventricularly administered nesfatin-1 produced dose-dependent pressor and phasic HR responses in normotensive conscious rats Sprague Dawley. Central pretreatment with a COX1/2 inhibitor, ibuprofen, completely blocked the nesfatin-1-induced responses. However, central pretreatment with a nonselective LOX inhibitor, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, partially attenuated the cardiovascular responses induced by nesfatin-1. The results suggest that centrally administered nesfatin-1 activates the central enzymes COX and LOX, which may be involved in the cardiovascular responses as a novel central mechanism for nesfatin-1.

Arachidonic acid (AA), which is released from synaptic membrane phospholipid by neuroreceptor-initiated activation of phospholipase A(2), is abundant in the brain and works as a neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulator in the central nervous system. Recently we reported that centrally injected AA generated pressor and hyperventilation effects by activating thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2)) signaling pathway. The present study was designed to investigate the mediation of other metabolites of AA such as prostaglandin (PG) D, PGE and PGF(2 alpha), alongside TXA(2) in the AA-evoked cardiorespiratory effects in anaesthetized rats. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of AA caused pressor, bradycardic and hyperventilation responses by increasing pO(2) and decreasing pCO(2) in adult male anaesthetized Sprague Dawley rats. Pretreatment (i.c.v) with different doses of DP/EP prostanoid receptor antagonist, AH6809 or FP prostanoid receptor antagonist, PGF(2 alpha), dimethylamine partially blocked the cardiorespiratory and blood gas changes induced by AA. In conclusion, these data plainly report that central PGD, PGE or PGF(2 alpha) might mediate, at least partly, centrally administered AA-evoked cardiorespiratory and blood gas responses.

Giriş: Hepatit B (HBV) ve C (HCV) hastalıkları, dünyada 400 milyondan fazla kişiyi etkilediği tahmin edilen, yüksek morbiditeye sahip hastalıklardır. Bu enfeksiyonlar açısından Türkiye, yarı endemik bölge olarak gösterilmektedir. Yaptığımız bu çalışmada riskli grupta olduğu düşünülen yatarak tedavi gören psikiyatri hastalarındaki HBV ve HCV seroprevalansını belirlemek ve ileri dönemde hastalarımızda koruyucu amaçlı neler yapılabileceği hakkında literatüre katkıda bulunmaktır. Yöntemler: Çalışmamız Şubat-2014 ile Ocak 2015 tarihleri arasında Diyarbakı ili Selahaddin Eyyubi Devlet Hastanesi psikiyatri kliniğinde yatarak tedavi gören hastaların dosyalarının geriye doğru incelenerek serolojik testlerin sonuçları (HBsAg, AntiHBS ve AntiHCV) ve sosyodemografik ve rileri (yaş, cinsiyet, tanılar ve yaşam yerleri) kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Psikiyatrik tanılar ile hepatit serolojileri karşılaştırıldığında HBSAg pozitifliği şizofreni hastalarında %1,7, bipolar affektif bozukluk hastalarında %0,8, zeka geriliği olanlarda %0,4 ve depresyon hastalarında %0,3 olarak bulundu. Şizofreni ile HBSAg pozitifliği arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edildi. Sonuç: Kronik ve yeti yitimi ile seyreden psikiyatrik hastalıklarda bulaş riski yüksek viral hepatitler açısından toplumla benzer önlemler alınması, görece daha fazla risk barındıran şizofreni grubu hastalarda aktif bağışıklama yapılması faydalı olacaktır. Daha detaylı ve kesin verilere ulaşabilmek için geniş tabanlı çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Aim: Nano-diamino-tetrac (NDAT) targets a receptor on integrin alpha v beta 3; alpha v beta 3 is generously expressed by cancer cells and dividing endothelial cells and to a small extent by nonmalignant cells. The tetrac (tetraiodothyroacetic acid) of NDAT is covalently bound to a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticle that encapsulates anticancer drugs. We report NDAT delivery efficiency of cisplatin to agent-susceptible urinary bladder cancer xenografts. Materials & methods: Cisplatin-loaded NDAT (NDAT-cisplatin) was administered to xenograft-bearing nude mice. Tumor size response and drug content were measured. Results: Intratumoral drug concentration was up to fivefold higher (p < 0.001) in NDAT-cisplatin-exposed lesions than with conventional systemic administration. Tumor volume reduction achieved was NDAT-cisplatin > NDAT without cisplatin > cisplatin alone. Conclusion: NDAT markedly enhances cisplatin delivery to urinary bladder cancer xenografts and increases drug efficacy. NanoPharmaceuticals LLC (NY, USA) NanoPharmaceuticals LLC

Background: Osborn wave, typically associated with hypothermia, is currently referred to as one of the J wave syndromes due to its clinical potential to develop lethal cardiac arrhythmia; it may rarely be observed in a non-hypothermic setting such as cannabis abuse. Case Report: In this paper, we presented two young cases who presented to the emergency services with unconsciousness, drowsiness, and hypoxia, and also J wave on electrocardiography (ECG) due to Bonsai abuse. Conclusion: Osborn wave may be a significant criterion to initiate close monitoring in a coronary care unit, with supportive treatment and mechanical ventilation as necessary in those patients who abuse Bonsai.

Background & objectives: Hyperhidrosis is a pathologic condition of excessive sweating in amounts greater than physiologic needs. Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS) is a globally accepted treatment modality for primary palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis. ETS also has distinctive effects on the heart, circulatory and respiratory systems. In this study early effects of ETS on electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters of hyperhidrosis patients were evaluated. Methods: Twelve-lead ECGs were performed on 72 patients who were free from cardiovascular, metabolic, neurological and pulmonary diseases and underwent planned ETS because of hyperhidrosis, before and after the procedure within the first 24 h. Heart rate (HR), PR, QT, corrected QT (QTc), QTc/Tpeak-Tend (TpTe) intervals, P-wave and QTc/TpTe dispersions were compared by ECG. Results: A total of 72 patients (24.1±6.0 yr, 17 female) were included in the study. The pre-operative HR of patients was significantly higher than post-operative HR of patients (73.8±12.8 vs. 68.1±12.6 beats/ min; P

Phoenixin (PNX) and nesfatin-1 are localised in the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. Moreover, the most of the PNX-expressing neurons in the hypothalamus also co-express nesfatin-1. These outcomes may suggest that there is an interaction between PNX and nesfatin-1, at least in terms of neuroendocrine-mediated regulations. Hence, the study was planned to find out the effects of centrally delivered PNX and nesfatin-1 on male sex hormones or to show the interactive association of intracerebroventricularly (ICV) injected PNX+nesfatin-1 combination on the release of male hormones. PNX and nesfatin-1, single or together, were delivered ICV to different male Wistar Albino rat groups. Both PNX and nesfatin-1 induced a significant enhancement in plasma FSH, LH and testosterone without inducing any alteration in plasma GnRH in the rats. The central combinatorial treatment of both the neuropeptides produced a more potent rise in male plasma hormone levels than treating with single neuropeptide. In summary, our preliminary data show that centrally delivered PNX and nesfatin-1 can affect plasma male hormone levels. Moreover, that the combinatorial treatment with both the neuropeptides in male rats leading to a more potent effect on the plasma male hormone levels might suggest that both these neuropeptides act synergistically in terms of regulation of male HPGA.

The current study was designed to determine the effect of centrally chronic-administrated histamine and histaminergic receptors antagonist on the hypothalamic cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes amount. Studies were performed in male Sprague–Dawley rats. Histamine (100 nmol), histaminergic H1 receptor antagonist chlorpheniramine (100 nmol), histaminergic H2 receptor antagonist ranitidine (100 nmol) or histaminergic H3/H4 receptor antagonist thioperamide (100 nmol) was injected intracerebroventricularly for 7 days. Central chronic histamine treatment caused an increase in all three enzymes amount in the hypothalamus. Histaminergic receptors antagonist chronic-treatments with chlorpheniramine, ranitidine and thioperamide produced to decrease in hypothalamic COX-1 amount and to increase in hypothalamic COX-2 and LOX amounts. In conclusion, our findings show that the central histaminergic system has a potential for effect the central COX and LOX pathways. This could be interpreted that central histaminergic and central COX and LOX pathways have an interaction to regulate in many central nervous system functions.

Nesfatin-1 is an anorexic nucleobindin-2 -derived peptide and it has directly and centrally effect on the heart. The current study was designed to determine the effect of centrally and peripherally administered nesfatin-1 on electrocardiography (ECG) of healthy both fasted rats for 12 h and satiated rats fed ad libitum. In order to record ECG, the electrodes were placed limbs of at lead II under ketamine (50 mg/kg; im) and xylazine (20 mg/kg; im) anesthesia mix. Centrally administered different doses of nesfatin-1 (100 and 200 pmol; icv) resulted in dose- and time-dependently a statistically significant increase (p

Nesfatin-1, which is an anorexiogenic peptide, plays a crucial role as a neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulator in the central nervous system for cardiovascular control and energy balance etc. It is expressed abundantly in multiple brain nuclei including central respiratory control areas such as nucleus tractus solitarius, nucleus ambiguous, dorsal vagal complex, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve, and hypothalamus. To date, no previous studies have been found to report nesfatin-1-evoked respiratory effects. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the possible impacts of centrally and/or peripherally injected nesfatin-1 on respiratory parameters in either 12h-fasted or fed-ad libitum rats. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of nesfatin-1 provoked significant hyperventilation by increasing tidal volume (TV), respiratory rate (RR) and respiratory minute ventilation (RMV) in both the 12h-fasted and the fed-ad libitum Spraque Dawley rats in dose- and time- dependent manner. Moreover, the hyperventilatory effects of centrally injected nesfatin-1 were more potent in the fed-ad libitum rats. Intravenous injection of nesfatin-1 induced a significant rise in RR and RMV, but not in TV, in the fed-ad libitum rats. In conclusion, these findings plainly report that both centrally and/or peripherally injected nesfatin-1 induces significant hyperventilatory effects in the 12h-fasted and the fed-ad libitum rats. These hyperventilatory effects of nesfatin-1 might show a discrepancy according to the food intake of the rats and the delivery method of the peptide.