Search

Your search keyword '"Mulholland F"' showing total 124 results
Start Over Author "Mulholland F"
124 results on '"Mulholland F"'

8. A non-essential glutamyl aminopeptidase is required for optimal growth of Lactococcus lactis MG1363 in milk

Author

I'Anson, K.J.A., Movahedi, S., Griffin, H.G., Gasson, M.J., and Mulholland, F.

Subjects
Bacteria -- Growth, Aminopeptidases -- Research, Amino acid sequence -- Analysis, Biological sciences
Abstract

Glutamyl aminopeptidase (PepA) produces optimal growth of the bacteria Lactococcus lactis MG1363 in milk. However, the aminopeptidase is not essential for bacterial growth. Mutants lacking PepA show normal cell density but growth during the exponential phases is slower. Escherichia coli cells expressing the pepA gene produce active PepA. The complete open reading frame (ORF) of the pepA gene encodes a protein whose N-terminal is similar to PepA isolated from the bacteria. There are no N-terminal signal sequences or hydrophobicity sites in pepA.

Published
1995

10. Transcriptome and proteome dynamics in chemostat culture reveal how Campylobacter jejuni modulates metabolism, stress responses and virulence factors upon changes in oxygen availability

Author

Guccione, E.J., Kendall, J.J., Hitchcock, A., Garg, N., White, M.A., Mulholland, F., Poole, R.K., and Kelly, D.J.

Abstract

Campylobacter jejuni, the most frequent cause of food-borne bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, is a microaerophile that has to survive high environmental oxygen tensions, adapt to oxygen limitation in the intestine and resist host oxidative attack. Here, oxygen-dependent changes in C. jejuni physiology were studied at constant growth rate using carbon (serine)-limited continuous chemostat cultures. We show that a perceived aerobiosis scale can be calibrated by the acetate excretion flux, which becomes zero when metabolism is fully aerobic (100% aerobiosis). Transcriptome changes in a downshift experiment from 150% to 40% aerobiosis revealed many novel oxygen-regulated genes and highlighted re-modelling of the electron transport chains. A label-free proteomic analysis showed that at 40% aerobiosis, many proteins involved in host colonisation (e.g. PorA, CadF, FlpA, CjkT) became more abundant. PorA abundance increased steeply below 100% aerobiosis. In contrast, several citric-acid cycle enzymes, the peptide transporter CstA, PEB1 aspartate/glutamate transporter, LutABC lactate dehydrogenase and PutA proline dehydrogenase became more abundant with increasing aerobiosis. We also observed a co-ordinated response of oxidative stress protection enzymes and Fe-S cluster biogenesis proteins above 100% aerobiosis. Our approaches reveal key virulence factors that respond to restricted oxygen availability and specific transporters and catabolic pathways activated with increasing aerobiosis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Published
2017

14. Transcriptomics and proteomics show that selenium affects inflammation, ctoskeleton, and cancer pathways in human rectal biopsies

Author

Meplan, C., Johnson, I. T., Polley, A. C. J., Cockell, S., Bradburn, D. M., Commane, Danny M., Arasaradnam, R. P., Mulholland, F., Zupanic, A., Mathers, J. C., and Hesketh, J.

Abstract

Epidemiologic studies highlight the potential role of dietary selenium (Se) in colorectal cancer prevention. Our goal was to elucidate whether expression of factors crucial for colorectal homoeostasis is affected by physiologic differences in Se status. Using transcriptomics and proteomics followed by pathway analysis, we identified pathways affected by Se status in rectal biopsies from 22 healthy adults, including 11 controls with optimal status (mean plasma Se = 1.43 μM) and 11 subjects with suboptimal status (mean plasma Se = 0.86 μM). We observed that 254 genes and 26 proteins implicated in cancer (80%), immune function and inflammatory response (40%), cell growth and proliferation (70%), cellular movement, and cell death (50%) were differentially expressed between the 2 groups. Expression of 69 genes, including selenoproteins W1 and K, which are genes involved in cytoskeleton remodelling and transcription factor NFκB signaling, correlated significantly with Se status. Integrating proteomics and transcriptomics datasets revealed reduced inflammatory and immune responses and cytoskeleton remodelling in the suboptimal Se status group. This is the first study combining omics technologies to describe the impact of differences in Se status on colorectal expression patterns, revealing that suboptimal Se status could alter inflammatory signaling and cytoskeleton in human rectal mucosa and so influence cancer risk.

Published
2016

15. The NuGO proof of principle study package: a collaborative research effort of the European Nutrigenomics Organisation

Author

Baccini, M, Bachmaier, EM, Biggeri, A, Boekschoten, MV, Bouwman, FG, Brennan, L, Caesar, R, Cinti, S, Coort, SL, Crosley, K, Daniel, H, Drevon, CA, Duthie, S, Eijssen, L, Elliott, RM, van Erk, M, Evelo, C, Gibney, M, Heim, C, Horgan, GW, Johnson, IT, Kelder, T, Kleemann, R, Kooistra, T, van Iersel, MP, Mariman, EC, Mayer, C, McLoughlin, G, Müller, M, Mulholland, F, van Ommen, B, Polley, AC, Pujos-Guillot, E, Rubio-Aliaga, I, Roche, HM, de Roos, B, Sailer, M, Tonini, G, Williams, LM, de Wit, N, For the NuGO PPS Team, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), University of Aberdeen, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Maastricht University [Maastricht], School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), University of Oslo (UiO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Partenaires INRAE, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Institute of Food Research [Norwich], Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Department of Physiological Genomics, Munich University, University College Dublin (UCD), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Clermont Université, TNO Kwaliteit van Leven, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Humane Biologie, Bioinformatica, RS: CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, and RS: NUTRIM - R4 - Gene-environment interaction

Subjects
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MEDLINE, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Physiological Sciences, Bioinformatics, 03 medical and health sciences, Voeding, Metabolisme en Genomica, 0302 clinical medicine, Voeding, Genetics, Network of excellence, Medicine, 030304 developmental biology, Nutrition, VLAG, 0303 health sciences, business.industry, Metabolism and Genomics, Nutrigenomics, immune-system, Proof of concept, Metabolisme en Genomica, Commentary, Engineering ethics, Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics, business
Abstract

Acknowledgments This project is funded by the Nutrigenomics Organisation, EC funded Network of Excellence, grant nr.FOOD- 2004-506360.

Published
2008

16. Transcriptome analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in human subjects following a 36 h fast provides evidence of effects on genes regulating inflammation, apoptosis and energy metabolism

Author

Elliott, R.M., Elliott, R.M., de Roos, B., Duthie, S.J., Bouwman, F.G., Rubio Aliaga, I., Crosley, L.K., Mayer, C., Polley, A.C., Heim, C., Coort, S., Evelo, C.T., Mulholland, F., Daniel, H., Mariman, E.C., Johnson, I.T., Elliott, R.M., Elliott, R.M., de Roos, B., Duthie, S.J., Bouwman, F.G., Rubio Aliaga, I., Crosley, L.K., Mayer, C., Polley, A.C., Heim, C., Coort, S., Evelo, C.T., Mulholland, F., Daniel, H., Mariman, E.C., and Johnson, I.T.

Abstract

There is growing interest in the potential health benefits of diets that involve regular periods of fasting. While animal studies have provided compelling evidence that feeding patterns such as alternate-day fasting can increase longevity and reduce incidence of many chronic diseases, the evidence from human studies is much more limited and equivocal. Additionally, although several candidate processes have been proposed to contribute to the health benefits observed in animals, the precise molecular mechanisms responsible remain to be elucidated. The study described here examined the effects of an extended fast on gene transcript profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from ten apparently healthy subjects, comparing transcript profiles after an overnight fast, sampled on four occasions at weekly intervals, with those observed on a single occasion after a further 24 h of fasting. Analysis of the overnight fasted data revealed marked inter-individual differences, some of which were associated with parameters such as gender and subject body mass. For example, a striking positive association between body mass index and the expression of genes regulated by type 1 interferon was observed. Relatively subtle changes were observed following the extended fast. Nonetheless, the pattern of changes was consistent with stimulation of fatty acid oxidation, alterations in cell cycling and apoptosis and decreased expression of key pro-inflammatory genes. Stimulation of fatty acid oxidation is an expected response, most likely in all tissues, to fasting. The other processes highlighted provide indications of potential mechanisms that could contribute to the putative beneficial effects of intermittent fasting in humans.

Published
2014

18. In vitro digestibility of b-casein and b-lactoglobulin under simulated human gastric and duodenal conditions

Author

Mandalari, G., Adel-Patient, K., Barkholt, V., Baro, C., Bennett, L., Bublin, M., Gaier, S., Graser, G., Ladics, G.S., Mierzejewska, D., Vassilopoulou, E., Vissers, Y.M., Zuidmeer, L., Rigby, N.M., Salt, L.J., Defernez, M., Mulholland, F., Mackie, A.R., Wickham, M.S.J., and Mills, E.N.C.

Subjects
protein digestibility, pepsin digestion, ph, Celbiologie en Immunologie, stability, resistance, food allergens, human pancreatic-juice, Cell Biology and Immunology, hydrolysis, WIAS, gastrointestinal proteolysis, fluid
Abstract

Initially the resistance to digestion of two cow's milk allergens, beta-casein, and beta-lactoglobulin (beta-Lg), was compared using a "high-protease assay" and a "low-protease assay" in a single laboratory. The low-protease assay represents an alternative standardised protocol mimicking conditions found in the gastrointestinal tract. For the high-protease assay, both proteins were incubated with either pepsin or pancreatin and digestion monitored by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography. The low-protease assay involved gastroduodenal digestion in the presence or absence of phosphatidylcholine (PC). Both beta-casein and beta-Lg were susceptible to hydrolysis by pepsin and pancreatin in the high-protease assay. In contrast, the kinetics of beta-casein digestion in the low-protease assay were slower, beta-Lg being pepsin resistant. During duodenal digestion, beta-Lg was gradually degraded and addition of PC slowed digestion. Subsequently, the reproducibility of the low-protease assay was assessed in 12 independent laboratories by visual assessment of the gels and densitometric analysis: the inter- and intra-laboratory variability was affected by sampling and electrophoresis method employed. The low-protease assay was shown to be reproducible. Future studies will extend these findings using a broader panel of proteins

Published
2009

19. In vitro digestibility of β-casein and β-lactoglobulin under simulated human gastric and duodenal conditions: A multi-laboratory evaluation

Author

Mandalari, G. Adel-Patient, K. Barkholt, V. Baro, C. Bennett, L. Bublin, M. Gaier, S. Graser, G. Ladics, G.S. Mierzejewska, D. Vassilopoulou, E. Vissers, Y.M. Zuidmeer, L. Rigby, N.M. Salt, L.J. Defernez, M. Mulholland, F. Mackie, A.R. Wickham, M.S.J. Mills, E.N.C.

Abstract

Initially the resistance to digestion of two cow's milk allergens, β-casein, and β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg), was compared using a "high-protease assay" and a "low-protease assay" in a single laboratory. The low-protease assay represents an alternative standardised protocol mimicking conditions found in the gastrointestinal tract. For the high-protease assay, both proteins were incubated with either pepsin or pancreatin and digestion monitored by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography. The low-protease assay involved gastroduodenal digestion in the presence or absence of phosphatidylcholine (PC). Both β-casein and β-Lg were susceptible to hydrolysis by pepsin and pancreatin in the high-protease assay. In contrast, the kinetics of β-casein digestion in the low-protease assay were slower, β-Lg being pepsin resistant. During duodenal digestion, β-Lg was gradually degraded and addition of PC slowed digestion. Subsequently, the reproducibility of the low-protease assay was assessed in 12 independent laboratories by visual assessment of the gels and densitometric analysis: the inter- and intra-laboratory variability was affected by sampling and electrophoresis method employed. The low-protease assay was shown to be reproducible. Future studies will extend these findings using a broader panel of proteins. © 2009 Elsevier Inc.

Published
2009

23. Transcriptome analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in human subjects following a 36 h fast provides evidence of effects on genes regulating inflammation, apoptosis and energy metabolism

Author

Elliott, R. M., primary, de Roos, B., additional, Duthie, S. J., additional, Bouwman, F. G., additional, Rubio-Aliaga, I., additional, Crosley, L. K., additional, Mayer, C., additional, Polley, A. C., additional, Heim, C., additional, Coort, S. L., additional, Evelo, C. T., additional, Mulholland, F., additional, Daniel, H., additional, Mariman, E. C., additional, and Johnson, I. T., additional

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

25. 2D-electrophoresis and multiplex immunoassay proteomic analysis of different body fluids and cellular components reveal known and novel markers for extended fasting

Author

Bouwman, F.G., Bouwman, F.G., de Roos, B., Rubio Aliaga, I., Crosley, L.K., Duthie, S.J., Mayer, C., Horgan, G., Polley, A.C., Heim, C., Coort, S.L.M., Evelo, C.T.A., Mulholland, F., Johnson, I.T., Elliott, R.M., Daniel, H., Mariman, E.C., Bouwman, F.G., Bouwman, F.G., de Roos, B., Rubio Aliaga, I., Crosley, L.K., Duthie, S.J., Mayer, C., Horgan, G., Polley, A.C., Heim, C., Coort, S.L.M., Evelo, C.T.A., Mulholland, F., Johnson, I.T., Elliott, R.M., Daniel, H., and Mariman, E.C.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Proteomic technologies applied for profiling human biofluids and blood cells are considered to reveal new biomarkers of exposure or provide insights into novel mechanisms of adaptation. METHODS: Both a non-targeted (classical 2D-electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry) as well as a targeted proteomic approach (multiplex immunoassay) were applied to investigate how fasting for 36h, as compared to 12h, affects the proteome of platelets, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), plasma, urine and saliva collected from ten healthy volunteers. RESULTS: Between-subject variability was highest in the plasma proteome and lowest in the PBMC proteome. Random Forests analysis performed on the entire dataset revealed that changes in the level of the RhoGDI2 protein in PBMC and plasma ApoA4 levels were the two most obvious biomarkers of an extended fasting. Random Forests (RF) analysis of the multiplex immunoassay data revealed leptin and MMP-3 as biomarkers for extended fasting. However, high between-subject variability may have masked the extended fasting effects in the proteome of the biofluids and blood cells. CONCLUSIONS: Identification of significantly changed proteins in biofluids and blood cells using a non-targeted approach, together with the outcome of targeted analysis revealed both known and novel markers for a 36h fasting period, including the cellular proteins RhoGDI2 and CLIC1, and plasma proteins ApoA4, leptin and MMP-3. The PBMC proteome exhibited the lowest between-subject variability and therefore these cells appear to represent the best biosamples for biomarker discovery in human nutrigenomics.

Published
2011

26. The NuGO proof of principle study package: a collaborative research effort of the European Nutrigenomics Oganisation

Author

Baccini, M., Bachmaier, E.M., Biggeri, A., Boekschoten, M.V., Bouwman, F.G., Brennan, L., Caesar, R., Cinti, S., Coort, S.L., Crosley, K., Daniel, H., Drevon, C.A., Duthie, S., Eijssen, L., Elliott, R., van Erk, M.J., Evelo, C., Gibney, M.J., Heim, C., Horgan, G., Johnson, I.T., Kelder, T., Kleemann, R., Kooistra, T., van Iersel, M.P., Mariman, E.C.M., Mayer, C., McLoughlin, G., Müller, M.R., Mulholland, F., van Ommen, B., Polley, A.C., Pujos-Guillot, E., Rubio-Aliaga, I., Roche, H., de Roos, B., Sailer, M., Tonini, G., Williams, L.M., de Wit, N.J.W., Baccini, M., Bachmaier, E.M., Biggeri, A., Boekschoten, M.V., Bouwman, F.G., Brennan, L., Caesar, R., Cinti, S., Coort, S.L., Crosley, K., Daniel, H., Drevon, C.A., Duthie, S., Eijssen, L., Elliott, R., van Erk, M.J., Evelo, C., Gibney, M.J., Heim, C., Horgan, G., Johnson, I.T., Kelder, T., Kleemann, R., Kooistra, T., van Iersel, M.P., Mariman, E.C.M., Mayer, C., McLoughlin, G., Müller, M.R., Mulholland, F., van Ommen, B., Polley, A.C., Pujos-Guillot, E., Rubio-Aliaga, I., Roche, H., de Roos, B., Sailer, M., Tonini, G., Williams, L.M., and de Wit, N.J.W.

Published
2008

28. Riboflavin Biosynthesis Is Associated with Assimilatory Ferric Reduction and Iron Acquisition by Campylobacter Jejuni.

Author

Gaskin, D.J.H., Holmes, K., Mulholland, F., Wells, J., Gaskin, D.J.H., Holmes, K., Mulholland, F., and Wells, J.

Abstract

One of the pathways involved in the acquisition of the essential metal iron by bacteria involves the reduction of insoluble Fe3+ to soluble Fe2+, followed by transport of Fe2+ to the cytoplasm. Flavins have been implicated as electron donors in this poorly understood process. Ferrous iron uptake is essential for intestinal colonization by the important pathogen Campylobacter jejuni and may be of particular importance under low-oxygen conditions. In this study, the links among riboflavin biosynthesis, ferric reduction, and iron acquisition in C. jejuni NCTC11168 have been investigated. A riboflavin auxotroph was generated by inactivation of the ribB riboflavin biosynthesis gene (Cj0572), and the resulting isogenic ribB mutant only grew in the presence of exogenous riboflavin or the riboflavin precursor diacetyl but not in the presence of the downstream products flavin adenine dinucleotide and flavin mononucleotide. Riboflavin uptake was unaffected in the ribB mutant under iron-limited conditions but was lower in both the wild-type strain and the ribB mutant under iron-replete conditions. Mutation of the fur gene, which encodes an iron uptake regulator of C. jejuni, resulted in an increase in riboflavin uptake which was independent of the iron content of the medium, suggesting a role for Fur in the regulation of the as-yet-unknown riboflavin transport system. Finally, ferric reduction activity was independent of iron availability in the growth medium but was lowered in the ribB mutant compared to the wild-type strain and, conversely, increased in the fur mutant. Taken together, the findings confirm close relationships among iron acquisition, riboflavin production, and riboflavin uptake in C. jejuni

Published
2007

32. Glycolytic enzymes associated with the cell surface ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeare antigenic in humans and elicit protective immune responses in the mouse.

Author

LING, E., FELDMAN, G., PORTNOI, M., DAGAN, R., OVERWEG, K., MULHOLLAND, F., CHALIFA-CASPI, V., WELLS, J., and MIZRACHI-NEBENZAHL, Y.

Subjects
STREPTOCOCCUS pneumoniae, PNEUMOCOCCAL vaccines, LUNG diseases, NEISSERIA meningitidis, IMMUNE response, GEL electrophoresis, HEAT shock proteins
Abstract

Streptococcus pneumoniaeis a leading cause of otitis media, sinusitis, pneumonia, bacteraemia and meningitis worldwide. The drawbacks associated with the limited number of various capsular polysaccharides that can be included in the polysaccharide-based vaccines focuses much attention on pneumococcal proteins as vaccine candidates. We extracted an enriched cell wall fraction fromS. pneumoniaeWU2. Approximately 150 soluble proteins could be identified by 2D gel electrophoresis. The proteins were screened by 2D-Western blotting using sera that were obtained longitudinally from children attending day-care centres at 18, 30 and 42 months of age and sera from healthy adult volunteers. The proteins were further identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Seventeen proteins were antigenic in children and adults, of which 13 showed an increasing antibody response with age in all eight children analysed. Two immunogenic proteins, fructose–bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and a control protein with known low immunogenicity, heat shock protein 70 (DnaK), were expressed inEscherichia coli, purified and used to immunize mice. Mouse antibodies elicited to the recombinant (r) FBA and rGAPDH were cross-reactive with several genetically unrelated strains of different serotypes and conferred protection to respiratory challenge with virulent pneumococci. In addition, the FBA used in this study (NP_345117) does not have a human ortholog and warrants further investigation as a candidate for a pneumococcal vaccine. In conclusion, the immunoproteomics based approach utilized in the present study appears to be a suitable tool for identification of novelS. pneumoniaevaccine candidates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004
Full Text
View/download PDF

34. Transcriptome analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in human subjects following a 36 h fast provides evidence of effects on genes regulating inflammation, apoptosis and energy metabolism.

Author

Elliott, R. M. (R. M.), de Roos, B. (B.), Duthie, S. J. (S. J.), Bouwman, F. G. (F. G.), Rubio-Aliaga, I. (I.), Crosley, L. K. (L. K.), Mayer, C. (C.), Polley, A. C. (A. C.), Heim, C. (C.), Coort, S. L. (S. L.), Evelo, C. T. (C. T.), Mulholland, F. (F.), Daniel, H. (H.), Mariman, E. C. (E. C.), Johnson, I. T. (I. T.), Elliott, R. M. (R. M.), de Roos, B. (B.), Duthie, S. J. (S. J.), Bouwman, F. G. (F. G.), Rubio-Aliaga, I. (I.), Crosley, L. K. (L. K.), Mayer, C. (C.), Polley, A. C. (A. C.), Heim, C. (C.), Coort, S. L. (S. L.), Evelo, C. T. (C. T.), Mulholland, F. (F.), Daniel, H. (H.), Mariman, E. C. (E. C.), and Johnson, I. T. (I. T.)

Abstract

There is growing interest in the potential health benefits of diets that involve regular periods of fasting. While animal studies have provided compelling evidence that feeding patterns such as alternate-day fasting can increase longevity and reduce incidence of many chronic diseases, the evidence from human studies is much more limited and equivocal. Additionally, although several candidate processes have been proposed to contribute to the health benefits observed in animals, the precise molecular mechanisms responsible remain to be elucidated. The study described here examined the effects of an extended fast on gene transcript profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from ten apparently healthy subjects, comparing transcript profiles after an overnight fast, sampled on four occasions at weekly intervals, with those observed on a single occasion after a further 24 h of fasting. Analysis of the overnight fasted data revealed marked inter-individual differences, some of which were associated with parameters such as gender and subject body mass. For example, a striking positive association between body mass index and the expression of genes regulated by type 1 interferon was observed. Relatively subtle changes were observed following the extended fast. Nonetheless, the pattern of changes was consistent with stimulation of fatty acid oxidation, alterations in cell cycling and apoptosis and decreased expression of key pro-inflammatory genes. Stimulation of fatty acid oxidation is an expected response, most likely in all tissues, to fasting. The other processes highlighted provide indications of potential mechanisms that could contribute to the putative beneficial effects of intermittent fasting in humans.

35. Transcriptome analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in human subjects following a 36 h fast provides evidence of effects on genes regulating inflammation, apoptosis and energy metabolism.

Author

Elliott, R. M. (R. M.), de Roos, B. (B.), Duthie, S. J. (S. J.), Bouwman, F. G. (F. G.), Rubio-Aliaga, I. (I.), Crosley, L. K. (L. K.), Mayer, C. (C.), Polley, A. C. (A. C.), Heim, C. (C.), Coort, S. L. (S. L.), Evelo, C. T. (C. T.), Mulholland, F. (F.), Daniel, H. (H.), Mariman, E. C. (E. C.), Johnson, I. T. (I. T.), Elliott, R. M. (R. M.), de Roos, B. (B.), Duthie, S. J. (S. J.), Bouwman, F. G. (F. G.), Rubio-Aliaga, I. (I.), Crosley, L. K. (L. K.), Mayer, C. (C.), Polley, A. C. (A. C.), Heim, C. (C.), Coort, S. L. (S. L.), Evelo, C. T. (C. T.), Mulholland, F. (F.), Daniel, H. (H.), Mariman, E. C. (E. C.), and Johnson, I. T. (I. T.)

Abstract

There is growing interest in the potential health benefits of diets that involve regular periods of fasting. While animal studies have provided compelling evidence that feeding patterns such as alternate-day fasting can increase longevity and reduce incidence of many chronic diseases, the evidence from human studies is much more limited and equivocal. Additionally, although several candidate processes have been proposed to contribute to the health benefits observed in animals, the precise molecular mechanisms responsible remain to be elucidated. The study described here examined the effects of an extended fast on gene transcript profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from ten apparently healthy subjects, comparing transcript profiles after an overnight fast, sampled on four occasions at weekly intervals, with those observed on a single occasion after a further 24 h of fasting. Analysis of the overnight fasted data revealed marked inter-individual differences, some of which were associated with parameters such as gender and subject body mass. For example, a striking positive association between body mass index and the expression of genes regulated by type 1 interferon was observed. Relatively subtle changes were observed following the extended fast. Nonetheless, the pattern of changes was consistent with stimulation of fatty acid oxidation, alterations in cell cycling and apoptosis and decreased expression of key pro-inflammatory genes. Stimulation of fatty acid oxidation is an expected response, most likely in all tissues, to fasting. The other processes highlighted provide indications of potential mechanisms that could contribute to the putative beneficial effects of intermittent fasting in humans.

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results