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Electrical energy is essential for the growth and advancement of technological knowledge that continues to increase. Solar cells are devices that convert solar energy through photovoltaic devices. Solar cell public street lighting (PJUBS) uses unlimited and free solar energy, is a feasible and cheap alternative to providing electric lighting. The Islamic center mosque is one of the places of worship for the majority of Muslims in the city of Lhokseumawe using public street lighting to support public security and safety. Installation of lamps for lighting is installed at several points, namely right, left or in the middle of the road, as needed, including flyovers, underpasses, and bridges. Public street lighting that is efficient and environmentally friendly is in accordance with SNI 7391: 2008. In this study, the lamps used in this evaluation study are solar types with a power of 50 Watts. The calculation results show that the illumination produced at the end of the road when using a 50 Watt solar LED lamp is 0.29 lux so that this does not comply with the provisions of BSN SNI 7391: 2008. This condition is influenced by several factors, namely surface temperature, shadows, inclination angle, light intensity, irradiation, and the condition of the panel surface in order to maximize the conversion value of sunlight into electrical energy

Abstract Background Pressure faced by dental students from academic activities, clinical skills training, and patient care may lead to high stress and potential burnout, negatively impacting their well-being and patient safety. Aim The study aimed to explore the burnout level of dental students at Qassim University, Saudi Arabia and to identify the factors that are associated with the level of burnout. Methods The descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at Dental College, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia, from January to February 2024. The study was conducted to evaluate burnout levels among first to final-year undergraduate dental students enrolled at Qassim University using a pre-validated questionnaire; Burnout Clinical Subtype Questionnaire, via Google Forms. Analysis was performed with IBM SPSS-24, utilizing descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests, Mann-Whitney-U and Kruskal-Wallis. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to predict Burnout from demographic and academic factors. Results 151 participants responded to the survey, with 49.7% male and 50.3% female. Results showed that burnout scores increased significantly (p

BackgroundAdvanced breast cancer (ABC) is a heterogeneous disease with varied prognoses, that is affected by many clinicopathological features. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, first-line treatment (FLx), and prognostic impact of these features on survival among Syrian patients with ABC.Materials and methodsThis retrospective cohort study included patients with ABC. The association of clinicopathological factors with survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves and the log-rank test, as well as the Cox proportional hazards regression model to calculate the hazard ratio (HaR).ResultsA total of 423 patients with ABC were included in the study, with a median age (range) of 47 years (23-82). 83% of metastases were metachronous. Most patients (91.8%) received chemotherapy as the FLx. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of all the patients were 7 and 16 months, respectively. The median PFS was associated with four factors, which were time of metastasis (adjusted HaR=1.861, 95% CI 1.420-2.438, P

This research critically examines the justice system and legal certainty pertaining to stateless persons in Indonesia. Stateless individuals in Indonesia frequently encounter systemic discrimination and endure hardships due to inadequate legal protections. The study employs a normative juridical research approach, combining statutory analysis and conceptual exploration to assess the current regulatory framework. The findings underscore significant gaps in existing regulations that fail to adequately safeguard the rights of stateless persons. These individuals often struggle to access basic human rights such as education, healthcare, and employment, highlighting a critical need for legislative reforms. Legal certainty is a pivotal issue, as the ambiguity and inconsistencies within Indonesian laws contribute to the vulnerability of stateless populations. Furthermore, the research identifies discrepancies between national laws and constitutional mandates, which further complicate the legal landscape for stateless persons. This analysis aims to advocate for policy reforms that align with principles of justice and constitutional integrity, proposing measures to enhance legal protections and ensure equitable treatment for stateless individuals in Indonesia. By illuminating these challenges and proposing potential avenues for legal reform, this research seeks to contribute to broader discussions on human rights, migration, and legal justice within the Indonesian context, ultimately advocating for a more inclusive and just society for stateless persons

Abstract Background Contemporary undergraduate dental education aims to equip the dental students with clinical competence, empathy, and professionalism to enable them to deliver safe and effective dental care to the communities. The purpose of this study was to assess the self-reported preparedness of final year dental students and interns at three Saudi dental institutions, using the pre-validated Dental Undergraduates Preparedness Assessment Scale (DU-PAS). Methods A cross-sectional study design was employed to assess the self-reported preparedness of the participants using the DU-PAS. Following ethics approval, a probability sampling technique was used to recruit undergraduate dental students and interns from three dental institutions in Saudi Arabia. The data was collected online on Google Forms and all participants provided their consent to participate in the study prior to providing their responses to DU-PAS. Results Responses were received from 397 participants including 171 males and 226 females yielding a response rate of 60.3%. The total mean score of the participants was 81.85 ± 13.11. Although higher scores were reported in males, the interaction between gender and DU-PAS scores were not significant. Interaction between DU-PAS scores and stage of education showed significant effect of the stage of education with interns reporting higher overall scores. The participants reported that they were able to perform most clinical procedures independently. However, low confidence was reported in performing multi-rooted endodontics, fabrication of removable dentures and orthodontic assessment. The participants also expressed their confidence in a wide range of behavioural attributes related to communication, teamworking and professionalism. However, lack of experience was noted in referral for oral cancer, interpreting research, and evaluation of new dental products using an evidence-based approach. Conclusion The study provides useful insights into the self-reported preparedness of undergraduate dental students and interns in three dental institutions. While the overall preparedness of the participants was comparable to their international peers, the findings underscore the need for further enhancements to the teaching and training of undergraduate students particularly in multirooted endodontics, removable prosthodontics and orthodontics.

In this research, the radial Schr¨odinger equation is solved analytically using the Nikiforov-Uvarov method with the Cornell potential. The energy spectrum and the corresponding wave function are obtained in close form. The effect of Topological Defect on the thermal properties and mass spectra of heavy mesons such as charmonium and bottomonium are studied with the obtained energy spectrum. It is found that the presence of the Topological Defect increases the mass spectra and moves the values close to the experimental data. Our results agreed with the experimental data and are seen to be improved when compared with other works.

Background: Antibiotic resistant infections were responsible for the deaths of 1.27 million people, with an overall 4.95 million deaths associated with complications from resistant bacterial infections globally. Aim: This study determined the antibiotics; aztreonam (ATM), meropenem (MEM) and imipenem (IMP) resistant Gram negative bacteria from inpatient department in FMC, Birnin Kebbi. Methods: Thirty (30) samples from different fomites in the inpatient department were aseptically collected using swab sticks. Streak plate technique was used to characterize and identify the bacterial isolates, then disc diffusion technique was employed to check the resistance pattern of the isolates to the antibiotics as in EUCAST guidelines version 12.0. Results: The biochemical technique further confirmed the occurrence of; Escherichia coli (E. coli) (35%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (30%), Klebseilla pneumonia (20%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) (15%). On the antibiotic resistance screening, E. coli and A. baumannii were found multi-drug resistant (MDR) to the antibiotics. The remaining isolates show resistance to the antibiotics except Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia were found sensitive to MEM and IPM respectively. Conclusion: Bacteria isolated are highly drug resistant to the antibiotics. The need for routine environmental sanitation, proper personal hygiene among the hospital participants, drug repositioning and molecular assay for rapid detection of MDR bacteria.

This study aimed to determine the effect of cardio and tabata training on reducing body fat and increasing aerobic capacity. This research is an experimental research with a pre and post-control group design. The research sample was split into three groups, each with 9 participants: control group (K1), cardio group (K2), and Tabata group (K3), group division was carried out randomly on research subjects. K1 without any exercise, whereas K2 (cardio) is running and skipping at an intensity of 55% and 70% of one's maximum heart rate. K3 (Tabata) performs burpees and jogging with a 90% – 95% HR maximum intensity. A skinfold calliper was used to quantify body fat, and a 12-minute Cooper test was used to gauge aerobic capacity. The Manova test was employed for data analysis, and a significance threshold 0.05 was used. The result of this study is that K3 had significantly less body fat than K1 and K2, and K2 had significantly less body fat than K1 (p 0.05). Comparing K3 and K2 to K1, aerobic capacity was substantially improved (p 0.05). In conclusion, six weeks of cardio and Tabata training impacted lowering body fat and raising maximum aerobic capacity.

IntroductionPolymorphisms in NUDT15 may result in differences in mercaptopurine-induced toxicity. This study aimed to identify the frequency of the NUDT15 (c.415C>T; rs116855232) polymorphism and investigate the effect of this polymorphism on mercaptopurine-induced toxicity in a population of Syrian patients with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).MethodsThis is a retrospective study that included children with ALL reaching at least 6 months of maintenance therapy. The NUDT15 genotyping was determined using standard targeted sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products. The odds ratio (OR) for the association between toxicity and genotype was evaluated.ResultsA total of 92 patients were enrolled. The majority of the patients in the study population were low-risk (63.04%), followed by intermediate-risk (25%), and high-risk (11.96%). There were 5 patients (5.4%) with NUDT15 (c.415C>T; rs116855232) CT genotype, and 1 patient (1.08%) with NUDT15 TT genotype, with allele frequencies of C=0.962 and T=0.038. The mercaptopurine median dose intensity was 100%, 54.69%, and 5% for the genotypes CC, CT, and TT, respectively (P=0.009). Early onset leukopenia was significantly associated with the NUDT15 polymorphism (OR: 6.16, 95% CI: 1.11-34.18, P=0.037). There was no association between the NUDT15 genotype and hepatotoxicity.ConclusionApproximately 6.5% of the study population exhibited reduced NUDT15 activity. The mercaptopurine dose intensity was considerably low in NUDT15 rs116855232 TT genotype compared with CT and CC. The dosage of mercaptopurine should be adjusted according to the NUDT15 genotype in pediatric patients with ALL.

Limbah padat hasil Penyulingan minyak nilam banyak dijumpai diindustri penyulingan minyak nilam terutama dikota Lhokseumawe. Besarnya volume limbah padat penyulingan nilam belum termanfaatkan secara optimal. Dengan memanfaatkan limbah tersebut menjadi produk yang berguna dan mempunyai nilai tambah yang nyata. Ketersediaan limbah padat nilam sangat berpotensial untuk diolah menjadi asap cair karena memiliki komponen senyawa organik yaitu selulosa, hemiselulosa dan lignin. Penelitian ini sudah pernah dilakukan sebelumnya, yang belum pernah dilakukan pada pembuatan asap cair adalah menggunakan limbah padat nilam dan mengoptimasi dengan metode RSM. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Untuk Mengoptimasi variable massa, suhu dan waktu Pirolisis pada pembuatan asap cair dari limbah padat nilam menggunakan metode RSM (Respon Surface Method) dengan Software Design Expert 13. Penelitian ini menvariasikan massa 600, 1200 dan 1800 gr. Suhu 250, 300 dan 350oC. Waktu 60, 90 dan 120 menit. Dari hasil yang didapat, kadar asap cair paling besar terdapat pada suhu 350oC, waktu 120 menit dan massa 1200 gr dengan kadar asap cair sebesar 14.33 %. Dan densitas tertinggi 0.9949 g/m3 pada suhu 250oC, waktu 60 menit dan massa 1200 gr. Dan pH tertinggi yaitu 3,35 yang mana asap cair bersifat Asam. Kandungan asap cair pada uji menggunakan GC-MS adalah fenol sebesar 46,14% dan benzene sebesar 15,55%.

Sumber energi alternatif yang banyak dikembangkan dan diteliti saat ini adalah bahan bakar biomassa limbah pertanian. Biomassa seperti cangkang kelapa sawit dapat menjadi sumber bahan baku briket sebagai salah satu energi alternatif pengganti bahan bakar fosil (minyak bumi). Penelitian Pembutan Briket Arang dengan Biomassa sudah pernah dilakukan oleh beberapa peneliti sebelumnya, dengan menggunakan biomassa dan jenis perekat yang berbeda, yang belum pernah dilakukan adalah Pembuatan Briket Arang dari Cangkang kelapa Sawit Menggunakan Variasi Jenis dan Persentase Perekat Tepung Tapioka dan Tepung Beras. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisa jenis dan persentase perekat yang tepat untuk membuat briket arang cangkang kelapa sawit agar menghasilkan briket dengan kualitas yang baik sesuai standar meliputi kadar air, kadar abu, dan nilai kalor. Proses pembuatan briket meliputi proses karbonisasi, pencampuran biomassa dengan perekat, pencetakan, pengeringan, dan uji kualitas briket yaitu kadar air, kadar abu dan nilai kalor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa briket arang cangkang kelapa sawit sudah memenuhi standar. Pada briket perekat tepung tapioka kadar air rata-rata sebesar 2.35%, kadar abu sebesar 5.06%. Sedangkan pada briket perekat tepung beras kadar air rata-rata sebesar 2.74%, kadar abu 5.50%. Nilai kalor dari briket arang menggunakan perekat tepung tapioka dan tepung beras dengan persentase 4% masing-masing sebesar 6930.11 kal/gr dan 6922.22 kal/gr.

Limbah padat nilam adalah limbah yang tidak digunakan dan keberadaannya sangat melimpah. Ketersediaan limbah padat nilam sangat berpotensial untuk diolah menjadi asap cair karena memiliki komponen senyawa organik yaitu selulosa, hemiselulosa dan lignin. Penelitian ini sudah dilakukan sebelumnya, yang belum adalah penggunaan nilam sebagai bahan baku pembuatan asap cair dengan menggunakan pirolisis yang menghasilkan lebih banyak banyak yield asap cair. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu dan waktu pirolisis terhadap yield, densitas dan pH asap cair yang dihasilkan. Metode penelitian menggunakan proses pirolisis yang dilakukan pada suhu 250oC, 300oC, dan 350oC dengan variasi waktu pirolisis 60 menit, 90 menit, 120 menit dan 150 menit. Asap cair diperoleh dari kondensasi asap hasil dekomposisi senyawa organik pada proses pirolisis. Dari penelitian diketahui bahwa yield asap cair cenderung meningkat seiring naiknya suhu dan waktu pirolisis. Yield asap cair tertinggi diperoleh pada suhu pirolisis 350oC dan waktu pirolisis 150 menit sebesar 14,92%. Densitas terbaik diperoleh pada pada suhu 350oC dan waktu 150 sebesar 0,9916 sebesar 0,9916 gr/ml. pH asap cair terbaik diperoleh pada suhu pirolisis 350oC dan waktu pirolisis 150 menit sebesar 3,32. Berdasarkan hasil analisa menggunakan GC-MS diperoleh fenol sebesar 46,14%.

Penelitian ini adalah mempelajari pembuatan deterjen cair dari minyak kelapa virgin coconut oil (VCO). Minyak kelapa adalah minyak yang dibuat dari bahan baku kelapa, diproses tanpa bahan kimia. Deterjen merupakan salah satu produk pembersih yang banyak di manfaatkan pada kegiatan pembersihan untuk laundry, alat-alat rumah tangga, trasportasi, kegiatan komersial dan industry metal. Pembuatan deterjen cair dari minyak kelapa virgin coconut oil (VCO) ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh hubungan minyak dan KoH yang dipakai. penelitian ini sudah pernah dilakukan sebelumnya tetapi dengan menggunakan minyak goreng mentah dan ekstrak biji mahoni, sedangkan pada penelitian ini menggunakan minyak kelapa virgin coconut oil (VCO)dengan variasi waktu pemansan dan volume KOH.Variable penelitian ini adalah hubungan waktu pemanasan,minyak dan KOH pada proses pembuatan deterjen cair dengan minyak kelapa, sehingga menghasilkan deterjen cair yang memenuhi standar SNI. Nilai pH yang diperoleh sekitar 11-12, sedangkan spesifikasi SNI yaitu 10-12. Sedangkan nilai densitas yang diperoleh sekitar 0,8-1,4, sedangkan SNI yaitu 1,2-1,5. Kata Kunci: Densitas, KOH, Minyak Kelapa, pH

Selai yaitu hasil olahan makanan yang terbuat dari buah-buahan melalui cara pemasakan dengan memakai pektin. Tempurung kelapa muda belum dipakai menjadi produk olahan yang mempunyai nilai ekonomis. Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan agar bisa menggunakan limbah tempurung kelapa muda menjadi produk yang bernilai ekonomis dengan menguji analisis kadar air, analisa angka lepeng total dan analisa arganoleptik. Penelitian ini sudah dilakukan sebelumnya, yang belum adalah penambahan massa pektin tempurung kelapa yaitu 4,6,8 dan 10 gram dalam pembuatan selai dari tempurung kelapa muda. Pembuatan selai bahan baku tempurung kelapa muda melalui proses penghalusan, selanjutnya dipanaskan, dilakukan pengadukan dan penambahan pektin dengan variasi berat pektin 4, 6, 8 dan 10 gram. Adapun pektin yang digunakan adalah pektin bubuk. Hasil uji menunjukan selai sudah memenuhi SNI No.1/2981/1992 selai. Hasil terbaik diperoleh pada variasi berat pektin 6 gram dengan waktu pengadukan 25 menit dengan kadar air 51,25%. Kadar air pada selai 50,59% - 55,64%, dan jumlah angka lepeng total 2,0 x 6 koloni. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat dilihat bahwa tempurung kelapa muda dapat dipakai menjadi alternatif pembuatan selai

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek dari kombinasi latihan ladder drill quick feet dan bunny hop dalam meningkatkan kecepatan dan kelincahan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi eksperimen dengan desain randomized pre and post test design. Teknik purposive sampling digunakan untuk menentukan subjek penelitian dengan kriteria: 1) siswa SMP Negeri 1 Jogoroto yang mengikuti ekstrakurikuler bola voli, 2) laki-laki, 3) berusia 14-16 tahun. Jumlah seluruh subjek penelitian sebanyak 16 orang yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok secara acak. Tiap kelompok terdiri dari delapan orang. Kelompok 1 (LD) diberi intervensi melakukan kombinasi latihan ladder drill dan kelompok 2 (Konvensional) melakukan latihan konvensional. Frekuensi latihan dilakukan sebanyak 18 pertemuan dengan rincian seminggu 3 kali, selama 6 minggu. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah sprint 30 m dan agility t test. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah paired sample t-test dan independent t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan masing-masing kelompok dapat meningkatkan kecepatan dan kelincahan yang dibuktikan dengan nilai sig. < 0,05. Selain itu, ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok LD dengan konvensional dalam meningkatkan kecepatan dan kelincahan dengan nilai sig. < 0,05. Kesimpulannya adalah kombinasi latihan ladder drill quick feet dan bunny hop dapat meningkatkan kecepatan dan kelincahan secara signifikan dibandingkan latihan konvensional.

The production of bioethanol from non-plant lignocellulosic materials has reached a commercial scale and is advocated as a possible solution for the decarbonization of the transport sector. Porang pulp tubers can be converted into bioethanol because they have abundant potential due to their high glucomannan content. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fermentation time and the ratio of yeast addition on bioethanol production. The methods used are hydrolysis, fermentation and distillation methods. The hydrolysis process used 5% (v/v) HCl catalyst, the fermentation process with 6 gr sample powder tuber of waste used Saccharomyces cerevisiae bacteria with varying ratios of 2.5, 4 and 6.5 g and variations in fermentation time for 2, 4 and 6 days at 38-40˚C. The results showed that the duration of fermentation had a significant effect on the yield of bioethanol, where microorganisms have the opportunity to break down more glucose to produce bioethanol. While the ratio of the addition of yeast added to the fermentation process, the greater the ratio of the addition of yeast, the greater the bioethanol produced. Where the addition of 6.5 grams of yeast and 6 days of fermentation time, resulted in a yield of 9.889%, a bioethanol concentration of 37.599%, a refractive index of 1.3642 and a density of 1.04 g/ml.

Water is a natural resource with a very important function for human life and advancing general welfare, so water is the basic capital and the main development factor. After the eruption in the Mount Sinabung area, the supply of healthy water was inadequate both in quantity and quality, even though the Karo Regency government made efforts to provide this healthy water. For this reason, appropriate technology is needed in post-eruption water treatment in Mount Sinabung to become healthy water and be used by the local community. This research aims to provide information about Groundwater Conservation Technology in Facing Climate Change in the Disaster Areas of North Sumatra. The method used is quantitative with a purposive sampling technique by selecting 6 wells from 348 wells around Mount Sinabung. Chemical parameters for sampling each - each 1 liter of water to be put in bottles previously cleaned and rinsed with distilled water first, then dried. Laboratory Tests then examined them. There is a simple technology in the form of a water filter made from a mixture of sand, activated carbon, and dried starfruit leaves, which can neutralize contamination of substances such as sulfur and others in the water to obtain healthy water suitable for people in the disaster area.

Penelitian Sistem kontrol Proportional, Integral dan Derivative (PID) merupakan kontroller untuk menentukan presisi suatu sistem instrumentasi dengan karakteristik adanya umpan balik pada sistem tersebut (Feed back). Separator adalah tabung yang mempunyai tekanan dimana berfungsi untuk memisahkan fluida dari sumur pengeboran menjadi cairan, cairan dan gas untuk alat three phase separator dengan prinsip kerja yang sama yaitu pemisahan berdasarkan perbedaan densitas. Adapun metodologi penelitian ini adalah membuat model steady state Three Phase Separator, kemudian mengubah model steady state menjadi model dynamic, lalu membuat model kontrol PID, setelah itu melakukan tuning terhadap kontrol PID dan melakukan pengujian terhadap kontrol PID, dengan melakukan gangguan pada set point. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan waktu respon tercepat terhadap gangguan pada level control serta mendapatkan variable Kc, Ti dan Td terbaik. Hasil dari pengaplikasian sistem kontrol PID maka didapatkan waktu tercepat yaitu 0.51 menit dengan nilai Kc= 18,5 Ti= 27,5 dan Td=0,1542 pada setpoint 36-38% Sedangkan waktu terlama pada hasil pengujian kontrol PID dengan mengubah level dari 40% menjadi 38%, yaitu 0,54 menit dengan nilai Kc= 18,5, nilai Ti=27,5 dan Td= 0,1542.

Pektin adalah senyawa polisakarida kompleks yang terdapat dalam dinding sel tumbuhan dan dapat ditemukan dalam berbagai jenis tanaman pangan. Pektin banyak digunakan dalam industri makanan, farmasi dan kosmetik sebagai bahan perekat, pengental dan penstabil agar tidak terbentuk endapan. Salah satu tanaman yang memiliki kandungan pektin adalah buah bit, pektin terkandung dalam seluruh bagian tanaman buah bit, oleh karena itu peneliti memanfaatkan limbah kulit buah bit yang sudah tidak dimanfaatkan lagi sebagai bahan baku pembuatan pektin. Penelitian ini menghasilkan pektin dari ekstraksi limbah kulit buah bit menggunakan pelarut HCI dan Etanol dengan variasi waktu dan suhu reaksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh suhu dan waktu ekstraksi terhadap pektin yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini sudah pernah dilakukan sebelumnya tetapi menggunakan variasi konsentrasi pelarut asam sitrat sedangkan pada penelitian ini menggunakan pelarut asam klorida dan etanol dengan variasi suhu dan waktu ekstraksi. Variabel bebas yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu suhu 80◦C, 85◦C dan 90◦C dengan waktu 60 menit, 90 menit, 120 menit. Sedangkan variabel terikat yang digunakan yaitu rendemen, uji kadar air, kadar metoksil, kadar galakturonat. Hasil penelitian didapatkan rendemen pektin tertinggi 35,433%, kadar air terendah 2,29%, kadar metoksil tertinggi 8,06% dan kadar galakturonat tertinggi 82,7% pada suhu 90oC dengan waktu 120 menit. Pembuatan pektin dari limbah kulit buah bit yang sudah memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia yaitu kadar air dan kadar metoksil.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk memberi pilihan kemasan pada masyarakat unutuk menggunakan kemasan pangan yang bisa langsung dikonsumsi dan ramah lingkungan. Pada penelitian ini dibuat bioplomir berbahan dasar pati alami yaitu pati tapioka dan pati glukomanan dengan penambahan beeswax (1 gr, 2 gr, 3 gr) dan gliserol (1 ml, 2 ml, 3 ml). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penambahan beeswax dan gliserol dapat meningkatkan ketebalan pada biopolimer dimana ketebalan maksimum pada glukomanan sebesar 1,64 dan pada tapioka 0,97 pada konsentrasi pada konsentrasi 3:3 (w:v). Pada derajat pengembungan (swelling) dengan bahan dasar pati glukomanan penambahan beeswax dan gliseol berturut mengalami penurunan dengan % tertinggi pada nilai 74,928% variasi 1:1(w:v) dan nilai terendah 57,882% variasi 3:3 (w:v) berbanding terbalik dengan pati tapioka nilai % tertinggi pada 86,916 variasi 3:3 (w:v) dan nilai terendah 72,062% variasi 1:1(w:v). Penambahan beeswax pada sampel pati glukomanan dan tapioka dapat mengurangi laju biodegradasi dimana pada pati glukomanan nilai biodegradasi terendah pada 95,560% dan pada pati tapioka 94,248% dengan variasi 3:3 (w:v). Biopolimer dengan bahan dasar pati glukomana lebih optimal mengahasilkan karekteristik biopolimer sebagai plastik ramah lingkungan dibandingan pati tapioka dengan penambahan beeswax dan gliserol. Pada analisa FTIR menunjukkan gugus yang terkandung pada bioplastik dengan pati glukomanan dan pati tapioka dengan penambahan beeswax dan gliserol sama dengan komponen penyusunnya yaitu O–H, C–H dan C=O. Kata kunci: biopolimer, beeswax, drajat pengembungan (swelling), gliserol, pati glukomanan, pati tapioka, plastik ramah lingkungan.

Hidrogen merupakan salah satu energi terbarukan yang mempunyai banyak kelebihan dibanding dengan energi terbarukan lainnya. Salah satu metode yang menjanjikan untuk menghasilkan gas hidrogen adalah dengan metode elektrolisis air laut yang sumbernya tidak terbatas. Metode elektrolisis pada penelitian ini menggunakan arus listrik Photovoltaic dan air laut dengan volume elektrolit 3500 ml, waktu elektrolisis 15, 30, 45 dan 60 menit dengan menggunakan elektroda karbon pemilihan jenis reaktor berbentuk persegi volume 4500 ml, kondisi operasi 32°C dan 1 atm. Adapun yang menjadi variabel bebas yaitu tegangan 5, 10, 15 dan 20 volt. Dengan variasi waktu hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa tegangan sangat berpengaruh terhadap penguraian air laut menjadi gas hidrogen. Hasil flow rate gas hidrogen yang paling tinggi didapat pada tegangan 20 volt dengan waktu 60 menit sebesar 11,5 ml/menit. Hasil kajian waktu elektrolisis terhadap penguraian air laut menjadi gas hidrogen tidak berpengaruh signifikan. Tegangan 20 volt menunjukkan hasil gas hidrogen yang tinggi.

Malus' law asserts that the square of the cosine of the angle formed between two polarizers is directly proportional to the light intensity after passing through them. In this study, we demonstrate this law using a straightforward configuration. Our method of measuring the polarizer's rotational angle while keeping the other polarizer stationary is innovative. It involves manually attaching a multi-turn potentiometer to one of the polarizers. The Arduino board is connected to the potentiometer and light sensor used to detect the intensity of transmitted light, allowing for the measurement of light intensity as a function of rotational angle. Additionally, we think that the configuration as it is now can be helpful in physics laboratory classes. It can also be demonstrated by using it during lectures.

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh permasalahan yang ditujukan pada mahasiswa Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Studi Agama UIN Imam Bonjol Padang. Mahasiswa yang menggunakan aplikasi TikTok rentan untuk terpengaruh pada perilaku narsis, hal ini bisa disebabkan oleh fitur yang tersedia pada aplikasi TikTok seperti, fitur musik, musik, filter, stiker dan effect, voice changer, mempercantik, live, caption, sukai, dan komentar. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut peneliti ingin melihat seberapa berpengaruh aplikasi TikTok terhadap perilaku narsis itu sendiri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan analisis regresi sederhana. Populasi berjumlah 446 orang dengan jumlah sampel 121 orang mahasiswa Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Studi Agama UIN Imam Bonjol Padang. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan cara porpossive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan skala psikologi dengan menggunakan model lima pilihan jawaban. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua skla sebagai alat ukur yaitu skala aplikasi Tikok dan skala perilaku narsis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan variabel aplikasi TikTok pada mahasiswa Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Studi Agama UIN Imam Bonjol Padang pada kategori tinggi, variabel perilaku narsis pada kategori rendah, Hasil uji hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan negative antara aplikasi TikTok dengan perilaku narsis pada mahasiswa Ushuluddin dan Studi Agama UIN Imam Bonjol Padang. Data ini mengacu pada nilai F hitung 4.208 dengan tingkat signifikansi 0,03 0,05, hal ini menunjukan bahwa aplikasi TikTok memiliki pengaruh terhadap perilaku narsis da koefisien determinasinya sebesar 0,185.

Shipbuilding is one of the marine industries which in development needs to pay attention to various parameters from the sea and land. This research was conducted in March to May 2022 with the aim of identifying the influence of oceanographic factors and water quality on the development of the shipbuilding industry at the fishing port of Sabang City. The oceanographic data used includes tides, wind, bathymetry, and sediment composition observed at 12 station points. The depth and tide data are then processed using QGIS. Wind data was analyzed using the Wind Rose Plot and sediment using the Wentworth scale. Oceanographic factors in Sabang Bay have shown very satisfactory results for the development of fish landing bases. The wind in the waters of Sabang Bay blows northwest with high speeds ranging from ≥10.00 m/s. The depth of the waters indicates a potential location for ship mooring. Sandy sediment is the most common type of sediment found. The tides that occur in the bay of Sabang are relatively stable. Oceanographic factors in Sabang Bay have shown very satisfactory results for the development of fish landing bases. Keywords: Oceanography Shipyard Sabang Bay

Realizing religious moderation has become a medium-term program of the President for the 2020-2024 period. This program has been entrusted to the Ministry of Religious Affairs. Through a moderation team, the Ministry of Religion has formulated indicators of religious moderation, one of which is tolerance. According to the Ministry of Religion, tolerance is defined as having an open, broad-minded, voluntary, and gentle attitude towards accepting differences. Tolerance is always accompanied by respect, accepting those who are different as part of ourselves, and thinking positively. This tolerance is further divided into two categories: inter-religious and intra-religious. The hope of inter-religious tolerance is the emergence of an attitude towards followers of other religions that involves willingness to engage in dialogue, cooperation, support for the establishment of places of worship, and interacting with followers of other religions. On the other hand, Hamka is one of the prominent Muslim scholars in Indonesia known for his remarkable exegesis work that is widely studied in Asia, particularly in Indonesia. Hamka, who lived during a period of political upheaval both domestically and internationally, had a significant impact on his thinking concepts, which were later reflected in his works. This article aims to explore Hamka's views on other religions, particularly Judaism, delve deeper into the existence or absence of Jewish/Zionist conspiracies, and analyze Hamka's acceptance of other religions. The research methodology employed is literature review with a descriptive-analytic analysis as a guide in this article. The findings show that Hamka's exegesis contradicts the concept of religious moderation presented by the Ministry of Religion. In Hamka's exegesis, there are many suspicions towards Jews, although discussions on the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, according to observers, are considered conspiracies, fictional, and lack valid evidence. Additionally, Hamka falls into the category of exclusive Islam that does not accept any religion other than Muhammadanism.

Objectives: To assess the perceptions of dental students regarding their clinical learning environment in an urban setting. Method: The descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2020 to May 2021 after approval from the ethics review committee of Islamic International Dental College, Islamabad, Pakistan, and comprised clinical year students, house officers and postgraduate trainees from 6 dental teaching hospitals of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Data was collected using a pre-validated instrument assessing the dental clinical learning environment. Data was analysed using SPSS 24. Results: Of the 1030 students approached, 561(54.4%) responded. Of them, 448(80%) were girls, 234(41.7%) were 3rd year students, 110(19.6%) were 4th year students, 120(21.4%) were house officers and 97(17.3%) were postgraduate trainees. Female students had a better patient attitude and were more confident in their abilities to keep up with their peers (p

Indonesia kaya akan sumber daya alam hayati dan memiliki keanekaragaman yang tersebar di seluruh wilayah Indonesia. Salah satu tanaman khas Indonesia khususnya di Kalimantan adalah Limpasu. Limpasu merupakan tanaman khas kalimantan, dimana tanaman ini memiliki banyak kandungan berkhasiat seperti antioksidan dan memiliki potensi yang tinggi untuk digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan mikrokristalin selulosa. Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) adalah selulosa yang dimurnikan sebagian, kemudian diolah dengan preparat ɑ-selulosa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan mikrokristalin selulosa dari limbah Kulit Buah Limpasu. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah delignifikasi kimia, dilanjutkan dengan hidrolisis menggunakan asam encer untuk menghasilkan MCC, kemudian dikarakterisasi dengan Avicel PH 102 sebagai pembanding komersial. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, rendemen α-selulosa sebesar 14,14% terhadap serbuk simplisia, rendemen MCC sebesar 11,48% terhadap α-selulosa dan karakterisasi serbuk MCCKBL yang menunjukkan kemiripan karakteristik dengan Avicel® PH 102 sebagai pembanding.

Objective: This study aims to determine the prevalence and degree of Burnout during the COVID 19 pandemic in practicing Pakistani dentists. Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted dental practices worldwide, leading to increased stress and burnout among dental practitioners. Burnout, characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment, can have detrimental effects on the quality of care and patient safety. Previous studies have shown high rates of burnout among healthcare workers, including dentists. The pandemic has added new challenges, such as financial losses and increased costs due to safety protocols. Recognizing and managing burnout is crucial to mitigate its severe consequences. By understanding the prevalence of burnout in this unique context, strategies can be developed to support dental practitioners and improve their well-being. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a 22-items based validated Maslach Burnout Inventory. The study was conducted between July and September 2021. Practicing dentists across Pakistan were approached via social media platforms. The questions were answered on a 7-point Likert scale. The sums of the scores were used as the evaluation criteria. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 24. Shapiro Wilk test was used to check normality of data. Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests were utilized to analyze the differences in the prevalence of burnout amongst the different demographic groups. A P-value of

Ampas tebu mengandung berbagai komponen biomassa, selulosa dan lignin yang berpotensi untuk dikonversikan menjadi sumber arang pada proses adsorpsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan limbah ampas tebu sebagai adsorben penyerapan logam besi dan kesadahan dalam air sumur. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pembuatan adsorben, uji kinerja adsorben dengan memvariasikan massa dan waktu kontak yang bertujuan untuk melihat kadar dan kapasitas penyerapan. Penelitian ini hanya memvariasikan massa adsorben ampas tebu dengan jumlah 2,5; 3; 3,5; dan 4 gram dengan memvariasikan waktu kontak yaitu 30, 60, 90, dan 120 menit. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa kadar penyerapan logam besi maksimum diperoleh 99,81%, sedangkan pada kesadahan diperoleh 53,846% dengan massa adsorben 4 gr. Lalu kapasitas penyerapan logam besi diperoleh 0,042 mg/gr, sedangkan pada kesadahan diperoleh 0,07 mg/gr. Kata Kunci : Adsorpsi, Ampas Tebu, Arang Aktif, Logam Besi (II) , Ion Ca2+

Ampas tahu merupakan bahan tambah pangan yang digunakan dalam pembuatan tempe. Ampas tahu adalah salah satu jenis limbah pembuatan tahu yang berbentuk ampas yang didapatkan dari hasil pemisahan antara sari pati kedelai yang telah di saring. Ampas tahu pada penelitian ini diperoleh dari hasil pemisahan saripati kedelai. Ampas tahu, awalnya Diamkan ampas tahu selama semalaman, bisa ditaruh di nampan. Kukus ampas tahu sampai matang 35-45 menit, Taruh ampas tahu di kuali untuk disangrai sampai kandungan airnya berkurang (sangrai selama 25 menit,) lalu tuang ampas tahu di nampan biarkan dingin (kurang lebih 1 jam) Beri ragi, aduk dengan sendok. Masukkan kedalam plastic, daun pisang, daun coklat Taruh di rak kawat yang dialasi kain tipis, tutup dengan kain di fermentasi dalam waktu 1,2,3,dan 4 hari. Penelitian ini sudah pernah dilakukan sebelumnya, perbedaannya adalah penelitian sebelumnya tidak memakai uji protein dan uji kadar air untuk menghasilkan standar tempe yang berkualitas. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, analisa kadar air tempe yang paling banyak menghasilkan Kadar air yang paling tinggi diperoleh pada waktu fermentasi hari ke-4 yaitu 72 %. Sedangkan kadar air yang terendah diperoleh pada waktu fermentasi hari ke-1 yaitu 40 %. Semangkin lama waktu fermentasi maka semangkin tinggi nilai kadar air yang dihasilkan.

Anti-Semitism in M. Quraish Shihab's Interpretation of verses about Jews in Tafsir al-Misbah This article aims to analyze more deeply the issue of anti-Semitism in the interpretation of the Qur'an Quraish Shibah. Seeing the growing movement of adherents of the Jewish religion in Indonesia and the emergence of a survey from the Wahid Foundation that Indonesian Muslims do not like Judaism, it is necessary to have an in-depth study regarding the interpretation of Indonesian figures towards Jewish verses in the Koran. Quraish Shihab apart from being an intellectual figure in Indonesia who has a complete commentary of 30 chapters, he is also one of Indonesia's political figures. Quraish Shihab's interpretation of Judaism needs to be explored to track and analyze more deeply whether there are elements of anti-Semitism in his interpretation, seeing that he is one of the intellectual and political figures of Indonesian Muslims. To reveal the interpretation of Quraish Shihab, the descriptive-analytical method is the guideline in this article. After carrying out the analysis, it was found that Tafsir al-Misbah still has a strong impression of anti-Semitism, although it does not apply equally to all adherents of the Jewish religion. Regarding the characteristics revealed by Quraish in describing the Jews, namely: often playing against each other, jealous, and often committing lies, and aspiring for Muslims to embrace Judaism

The quality of education that has not been maximized, especially in East Lombok Regency, is influenced by many things, including teacher performance. Teacher performance is influenced by internal factors (competence, motivation, morale, discipline) and external (physical environment, leadership of the madrasa principal, managerial implementation of the madrasa principal, compensation, work culture). This study aims to examine the influence of the managerial skills of madrasa heads, compensation and professional competence of teachers on teacher performance. This study uses a quantitative approach to the type of comparative causal research or expost pacto. The sample of this study was 176 teachers from private Madrasah Tsanawiyah in Aikmel District, East Lombok Regency. The research instrument was a questionnaire which was given to the respondents directly after testing the validity and reliability. Data analysis techniques used simple regression tests and multiple regression tests followed by correlation tests (with the help of the SPSS version 22.0 application). The results of data analysis based on the value of the correlation coefficient and determination for each research variable on teacher performance obtained the determination coefficient of madrasa principal managerial skills of 0.324 and 10.5%, teacher compensation of 0.298 and 8.9%, and teacher professional competency variable of 0.711 and 50.5%. While the results of the coefficient of determination together obtained by 52.3%. Thus, it can be stated that: 1) The managerial skills of madrasa principals affect teacher performance; 2) teacher compensation affects teacher performance; 3) teacher professional competence influences teacher performance; and 4) the managerial skills of madrasa heads, teacher compensation and teacher professional competence jointly affect teacher performance.

Biodiesel, an alternative to traditional diesel, is essential for the sustainability of long-term energy supplies and often synthesized through a non-alcoholic route called interesterification. The described synthesis method facilitates the modification of oil and fat by exchanging acyl radical groups between triglyceride and alcoholic acid (alcoholysis), fat (acidolysis), or ester (transesterification). Therefore, this research aimed to determine the effect of the reactant ratio between crude palm oil (CPO) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC), along with the use of an eco-enzyme catalyst, on biodiesel characteristics. The CPO:DMC ratio was 1:1.5, 1:2, 1:2.5, and 1:3, while the immobilized eco-enzyme catalyst was 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, and 6% of CPO mass. The results showed that interesterification with a 1:3 reactant ratio using a 4%wt catalyst was the best procedure, producing biodiesel yield of 73.65%, density of 0.860 g/mL, viscosity of 4.63 mm2/s (cSt), flash point of 113 °C, calorific value of 34.454 MJ/kg, and cetane number of 70.6%.

Abstract BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is causing ongoing human and socioeconomic losses. ObjectiveTo know how far the virus has spread in Niger State, Nigeria, a pilot study was carried out to determine the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence, patterns, dynamics, and risk factors in the state. MethodsA cross-sectional study design and clustered, stratified random sampling strategy were used to select 185 test participants across the state. SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM rapid test kits (colloidal gold immunochromatography lateral flow system) were used to determine the presence or absence of antibodies to the virus in the blood of sampled participants across Niger State from June 26 to 30, 2020. The test kits were validated using the blood samples of some of the Nigeria Center for Disease Control–confirmed positive and negative COVID-19 cases in the state. SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM test results were entered into the Epi Info questionnaire administered simultaneously with each test. Epi Info was then used to calculate the arithmetic mean and percentage, odds ratio, χ2 ResultsThe seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Niger State was found to be 25.4% (47/185) and 2.2% (4/185) for the positive IgG and IgM results, respectively. Seroprevalence among age groups, genders, and occupations varied widely. The COVID-19 asymptomatic rate in the state was found to be 46.8% (22/47). The risk analyses showed that the chances of infection are almost the same for both urban and rural dwellers in the state. However, health care workers, those who experienced flulike symptoms, and those who had contact with a person who traveled out of Nigeria in the last 6 months (February to June 2020) were at double the risk of being infected with the virus. More than half (101/185, 54.6%) of the participants in this study did not practice social distancing at any time since the pandemic started. Participants’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding COVID-19 are also discussed. ConclusionsThe observed Niger State SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and infection patterns meansuggest that the virus has widely spread, far more SARS-CoV-2 infections have occurred than the reported cases, and there is a high asymptomatic COVID-19 rate across the state.

Kenaf is a local crop that has great potential as a polymer composite reinforcement. However, the main weakness in strengthening composites using kenaf fiber is its hydrophilic or water-absorbing properties. To improve composite properties, surface modification of kenaf fiber is needed to enhance the structure and chemical properties of kenaf fiber. This study aims to explore the potential of chemical modification of kenaf fiber for use in composites. Chemical modification treatment of kenaf fibers was intended to improve the hydrophobicity that the compatibility between the fiber and matrix bonds are enhanced. In this study, chemical modification of kenaf fiber was performed using propionic anhydride. The modification process was done through a three-variation of retention time; 100, 200, 300 minutes at 100 °C. This research also compared the kenaf fiber properties with and without the modification process, including the analysis of the weight percent gain and surface morphological structure. The results showed that the optimal weight gain and morphological structure was at a retention time of 200 minutes.

Minyak bumi di Indonesia yang berasal dari bahan bakar fosil diperkirakan hanya cukup untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dalam negeri hingga 9 tahun kedepan. Maka kita perlu energi alternative sebagai pengganti bahan bakar fosil seperti hidrogen. Salah satu cara untuk menghasilkan hidrogen yaitu dengan metode elektrolisis air laut dan merupakan metode yang paling menjanjikan untuk menghasilkan gas hidrgoen yang murni. Elektrolisis membutuhkan energi listrik yang besar untuk menguraikan ion-ion maka pada penelitian ini menggunakan (Photovoltaic) PV sebagai sumber energi melalui sinar matahari. Air laut dengan volume 3500 ml, volume katalis NaOH yang ditambahkan 175 ml, dan kondisi operasi (waktu ambien). Adapun yang menjadi variabel bebas yaitu tegangan (5, 10, 15, 20) volt, waktu (15, 30, 45, 65) menit dan konsentrasi katalis (0,1 ; 0,25 ; 0,5 ; 0,75) M. Hasil flowrate gas hidrogen yang paling tinggi di dapat pada tegangan 20 volt pada menit ke 60 menit pada konsentrasi 0,1 M sebesar 12,8 ml/s sedangkan kadar natrium hipoklorit nilai tertinggi terdapat pada 20 volt, waktu ke 60 menit pada konsentrasi 0,75 M. Hasil kajian waktu elektrolisis terhadap penguraian ait laut menjadi gas hidrogen tidak berpengaruh signifikan. Semakin tinggi tegangan yang diberikan maka flowrate dan kadar NaOCl yang dihasilkan semakin besar dan semakin tinggi konsentrasi yang diberikan maka akan semakin rendah gas hidrogen yang dihasilkan namun kadar NaOCl semakin tinggi. Sehingga nilai kadar NaOCl tertinggi pada konsentrasi 0,75 M, waktu 60 menit pada tegangan 20 V sebesar 0,184%.

Penelitian Sistem kontrol Proportional, Integral dan Derivative (PID) merupakan kontroller untuk menentukan presisi suatu sistem instrumentasi dengan karakteristik adanya umpan balik pada sistem tersebut (Feed back). Penukar panas adalah alat yang memungkinkan perpindahan panas dan bisa berfungsi sebagai pemanas maupun sebagai pendingin. Adapun metodologi penelitian ini adalah membuat model steady state Heater, kemudian mengubah model steady state menjadi model dynamic, lalu membuat model kontrol PID, setelah itu melakukan tuning terhadap kontrol PID dan melakukan pengujian terhadap kontrol PID, dengan melakukan gangguan pada set point. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan waktu respon tercepat terhadap gangguan pada termperature serta mendapatkan variable Kc, Ti dan Td terbaik. Hasil dari pengaplikasian sistem kontrol PID maka didapatkan waktu tercepat yaitu 0.83 menit dengan nilai Kc= 1,79, Ti= 1,15 dan Td=0,19. Pada suhu 90oC dengan tekanan 277,7 kPa dengan laju alir 9363 kg/jam. Sedangkan waktu terlama pada hasil pengujian kontrol PID dengan mengubah termperature menjadi 98oC , yaitu 1menit dengan nilai Kc= 1,85, nilai Ti=1,15 dan Td= 0,19.

Bambu merupakan tanaman yang banyak hidup di Indonesia, tanaman beruas ini memiliki banyak manfaat salah satunya pada daunnya . Secara kimia, abu daun bambu mempunyai kandungan silika sebesar 77,96% - 88,05% dan sisanya oksida dari beberapa logam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan silika dari abu daun bambu dengan mengkaji pengaruh suhu pembakaran (600oC, 700oC dan 800oC ) dan waktu furnace (2, 3, dan 4 jam) terhadap yield silika, kadar air, XRD dan FTIR. Proses pembuatan silika dari daun bambu menggunakan metode Sol-Gel, yang melibatkan ekstraksi silika dengan larutan alkali dan gelasi silika menggunakan larutan asam. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan nilai yield silika tertinggi adalah 87,02% dengan suhu pembakaran 600oC selama 4 jam. Dan nilai kadar air terendah yaitu 3,9% pada suhu pembakaran 800oC dan selama 4 jam. Berdasarkan karakteristik menggunakan XRD diketahui bahwa silika yang dihasilkan berfase amorf dan hasil uji gugus fungsional menggunakan FTIR terdapat gugus fungsional berupa gugus silanol (Si-OH) dan gugus siloksan (Si-O-Si).

Abstract Background Almost all health professionals refer and use the term participation restrictions in activities of daily living as one of the successful outcomes of stroke rehabilitation. Higher occurrences of stroke-related functional disability among women who suffer stroke tend to affect their quality of life, participation in, and reintegration into the community in general. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate the correlation of participation restrictions and quality of life of Hausa women post-stroke event. Method This study employed a cross-sectional design; 67 post-stroke patients were recruited and assessed for participation using Stoke Impact Scale (SIS 3.0), quality of life was assessed using SSQOL, and MRS was used to assess post-stroke disabilities. Results Findings of this study indicate participation to be significantly related to quality of life (r = 0.801, P = 0.000). Participation was significantly related to limb strength (r = 0.606, P = 0.000), mood and emotions (r = 0.399, P = 0.001), ADL (r = 0.733, P = 0.000), mobility (r = 0.564, P = 0.000), and hand function (r = 0.687, P = 0.000). Recovery from stroke was found to be a determinant of participation (r = 0.624, P = 0.000). Conclusion Correlates of participation in Hausa women who suffered stroke are quality of life, strength, mood and emotions, ADL, mobility, hand function, and level of recovery from stroke. Both participation and quality of life also inversely correlated significantly with demographic factors of age and stroke severity.

Glukosa cair adalah produk yang dihasilkan dari proses hidrolisis dan merupakan hasil olahan dari polisakarida seperti pati dengan menggunakan asam kuat atau enzim. Bahan baku yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini adalah ubi jalar kuning dengan hidrolisis menggunakan katalis asam klorida (HCl). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi hidrolisis tepung ubi jalar kuning menjadi glukosa dengan menggunakan katalisator asam klorida, mengevaluasi pengaruh suhu dan waktu reaksi terhadap jumlah glukosa yang dihasilkan dan mempelajari karakteristik glukosa yang dihasilkan yang meliputi organoleptik, kadar air, kadar glukosa dan densitas yang diperoleh. Temperatur pada saat proses hidrolisis yaitu 100oC. Perbedaan konsentrasi HCl dan lama waktu hidrolisis memberikan pengaruh yang tidak nyata terhadap parameter uji organoleptik bau dan warna, tetapi memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap parameter uji oganoleptik rasa. Rasa manis tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan konsentrasi HCl 0,8 N, sedangkan pada pengaruh lama waktu hidrolisis, organoleptik rasa tertinggi terdapat pada lama waktu 120 menit. Kadar air dan densitas terendah diperoleh pada konsentrasi HCl 0,8 N dengan waktu hidrolisis 120 menit yaitu 4,39% dan 0,992 gr/ml serta diperoleh kadar glukosa 4,79%. Kata Kunci : asam klorida, glukosa cair, hidrolisis dan ubi jalar

Penelitian pembuatan permen jeli dari sari kulit semangka dengan penambahan kadar gula. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kadar gula terhadap kualitas permen jeli dari sari kulit semangka secara fisik, kimia, dan perkapangan serta untuk mengetahui konsentrasi gula dan CMC yang tepat. Pada peneltian adapun bahan yang digunakan meliputi sari kulit semangka, CMC, gula pasir, asam sitrat dan air. Berdasarkan hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa penambahan kadar gula terhadap pembuatan permen jeli kulit semangka berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar air, kadar abu dan kapang. Penambahan kadar gula dengan 400, 450, dan 500 gram dan variasi penambahan CMC 4,6 dan 8 gram memperoleh kadar air yang bagus terdapat pada 500 gram gula dan 8 gram CMC dengan kadar air 20% dan kadar abu 1,92% telah memenuhi standar SNI permen jeli , kapang yang terjadi pada media Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) dilihat penampakan kapang secara makrokopis dan mikrokopis dapat dibandingkan dengan petunjuk bahwa kapang yang tumbuh Aspergillus Niger

Sabun merupakan garam logam alkali dari asam lemak yang dihasilkan dari reaksi saponifikasi asam lemak dengan alkali basa. Pembuatan sabun mandi padat ini menggunakan bahan baku minyak jarak dengan penambahan minyak serai sebagai pewangi alami. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari karakteristik sabun yang dibuat dari minyak jarak dengan penambahan minyak serai dan membandingkannya dengan SNI sabun padat (SNI 06-3521-1994). Metode yang digunakan dalam pembuatan sabun mandi padat pada penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan metode panas. Hasil yang didapatkan pada penelitian pembuatan sabun mandi padat yang baik yaitu pada konsentrasi NaOH 30% dan 35% dengan volume minyak serai 2,5 mL dengan parameter kadar alkali bebas 0,08%, kadar air 14,2%, pH 10,5 sedangkan parameter densitas memiliki nilai 0,961 gr/cm3 yang masih belum memenuhi SNI. Uji organoleptik yang paling disukai oleh panelis adalah sabun yang terbuat dari konsentrasi NaOH 40% dengan volume minyak serai 5 mL dan 7,5 mL. Kesimpulan yang didapat dari hasil penelitian ini ialah berdasarkan uji karakteristik yang telah dilakukan maka dapat dikatakan bahwa sabun mandi yang dihasilkan masih banyak yang belum memenuhi standar uji SNI.

Abstract. Traditional shrimp farming systems are generally susceptible to disease outbreaks, resulting in low productivity. However, the application of farming technology can reduce these risks. This study aims to calculate the production and examine pond water quality in vannamei shrimp culture by applying semi-intensive, intensive, and super-intensive farming systems through direct measurements and field observations. The results showed that the highest productivity was produced in super-intensive ponds at 5.4 kg/m2, in intensive systems at 2,325 kg/m2, and in semi-intensive farming systems at 0.575 kg/m2. The semi-intensive salinity ranged from 30.8 ppt to 35.1 ppt, the super-intensive salinity ranged from 29.2 to 31.9 ppt, and the semi-intensive salinity ranged from 30.9 to 34.2 ppt. The temperature ranges from 26.7 to 28.5°C for semi-intensive culture, 25.9 to 28°C for super-intensive farming, and 27.8 to 29.3°C for semi-intensive farming. The pH in the semi-intensive farming system is 7.9-8.3, the super-intensive pH is 7.7-8.6, and the semi-intensive system is at pH 7.7-8.2. Dissolved oxygen levels range from 4.0 to 5.9 ppm in intensive shrimp farming, 3.0 to 3.6 ppm in super-intensive shrimp farming, and 3.2 to 4.0 ppm in semi-intensive shrimp farming. Therefore, it can be concluded that the higher the farming technology applied, the higher the ponds' productivity. Meanwhile, differences in farming systems do not impact changes in water quality. Abstrak. Budidaya udang sistem tradisional mudah terjadi penyebaran penyakit dan produksinya rendah. Penerapan teknologi budidaya dapat mengurangi resiko. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur produksi dan menganalisa kualitas air tambak pada budidaya udang vaname dengan menerapkan metode budidaya semi intensif, intensif dan super intensif melalui pengukuran secara langsung dan observasi di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan produktivitas tertinggi dihasilkan pada kolam super intensif sebesar 5,4 kg/m2, pada metode intensif 2,325 kg/m2 dan pada metode budidaya semi intensif 0,575 kg/m2. Parameter kualitas air pada semi intensif salinitas berada pada level 30,8 ppt - 35,1‰, super intensif salinitas 29,2-31,9‰ dan pada semi intensif salinitas 30,9-34,2‰. Suhu pada metode budidaya semi intensif berada pada level 26,7-28,5°C. pada super intensif 25,9-28°C dan pada metode semi intensif 27,8-29,3°C. pH pada metode budidaya semi intensif berada pada level 7,9-8,3 super intensif pH 7,7-8,6 dan metode semi intensif pH 7,7-8,2. Oksigen terlarut pada metode budidaya udang intensif 4.0-5,9 ppm, pada super intensif oksigen terlarut 3.0-3,6 ppm dan semi intensif 3,2-4,0 ppm. Dapat disimpulkan semakin tinggi teknologi budidaya yang diterapkan akan berdampak pada semakin tingginya produktivitas tambak yang dihasilkan. Perbedaan metode budidaya tidak berdampak pada perubahan kualitas air atau ketiga metode budidaya tersebut berdampak yang sama terhadap kualitas air.

The UNESCO ranking (2016) and BAN S/M accreditation data show that the quality of Indonesian education is still low, and this is triggered by the quality of its teachers. It is predictable that approximately 1500 schools and 70 thousand teachers owned by Perguruan Alkhairaat in Palu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, also play an important role in the education process, especially in Central and Eastern Indonesia. The study aims to prove the influence of work motivation and psychological well-being on the performance of teacher at Perguruan Alkhairaat. This study uses a quantitative approach with 210 teachers. The sampling technique used is a non-probability sampling technique, namely accidental sampling. The teacher’s performance measurement tool uses the Teacher’s Job Performance Self-Rating Questionnaire (TJPSQ) developed by Amin et al. (2013), the work motivation measurement tool uses The Motivation for Teaching Scale developed by Abos et al. (2018), while the psychological measurement tool well-being using Psychological Well-Being Scales (PWBS) developed by Ryff (1989). The result of the research significance value is .000 (P < .05) meaning there is a significant influence between work motivation and psychological well-being on the performance of teacher at Perguruan Alkhairaat. The results of the regression analysis test showed that R Square .282 or 28.2% showed the large influence of work motivation and psychological well-being on the teacher performance at Perguruan Alkhairaat.

In palm oil mills (POMs), the CO2 generated from palm oil processing activities is immediately discharged into the atmosphere, increasing greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions. CO2 utilization can be viewed as a strategy for minimizing GHGs emissions and replacing CaCO3, frequently used as a density modification agent in the POMs. This research aimed to formulate a novel separation fluid for separating palm shells and kernels by utilizing CO2 as a density modification agent. Monoethanolamine (MEA) was selected as a chemical absorbent in this study. Chemisorption was applied to ensure that CO2 was permanently absorbed into the solution. The MEA mass fraction was varied with ratios of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 % w/w. Then, the separation efficiency of the palm shells and kernels was measured by adding 15 % w/w of the mixture of palm shells and kernels into the formulated fluid. It was done based on the density difference between palm shells and kernels. The results showed that the optimal separation fluid density ranged between 1.1086 to 1.1777 g/cm3 at an MEA ratio of 30–50% w/w. It corresponds to the maximum separation efficiency of palm shells and kernels, which ranged from 97 to 100 %. This research indicated that CO2 could be utilized as a density modification agent in the separation fluid. As a result, the formulated fluid was suitable for separating palm shells and kernels while also reducing GHG emissions in POMs by CO2 utilization.

Jews in Indonesia: An Analyst of the Interpretation of Jewish Verses in the Book of Marāḥ Labīh by Nawawi al-Bantani The work of interpretation of the Qur'an is one of the writings that has had a major influence on the formation of the ideology of the world's Muslims. Indonesia with a Muslim majority community also experiences this. Indonesia has many credible Muslim scholars in various fields, one of which is in the interpretation of the Qur'an. Nawawi al-Bantani is one of the Indonesian Muslim scholars who is engaged in the study of the interpretation of the Qur'an. The book of Marāḥ Labīh is a concrete proof. This article aims to examine Nawawi's interpretation when dealing with Jewish verses in the Qur'an. The descriptive-analytic method is used as a step to solve the existing problems. The results of this study indicate that Nawawi al-Bantani's interpretation of Marāḥ Labīh is anti-Semitic even though Nawawi did not contextualize his interpretation of the Jews of his time. The character and character of the Jews are expressed clearly and with determination, only a few Jews realize their mistakes

The study purpose was to identify the effects of a combination of plyometric exercises in the increasing leg and arm power abilities of volleyball athletes. Materials and methods. Forty students were involved in this study. They were students who were active in practicing volleyball, and then they were divided into four groups of 10 students each, namely (1) Squat thrust jumps and clap push-ups, (2) Squat thrust jumps and lateral push-ups, (3) Rope jumps and clap push-ups; and (4) Rope jumps and lateral push-ups. Then they practiced plyometrics three times a week for eight weeks. Statistical analysis used the t-test and the N-Gain Score using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26 program. Results. The results of the combination of plyometric exercises stated that it had an effect on the muscle power of both the legs and arms (p

Fog computing is a paradigm that utilizes the advantages of both the cloud and the edge devices providing quality services, reducing latency, providing mobility support, multi-tenancy, and many other functions that support modern computing systems. It is sometimes referred to as fog networking or fogging. This paper reviews and discusses cloud computing, briefly highlighting the implemented paradigms before fog computing. These paradigms include cloud, mobile cloud computing, and mobile edge computing. All the paradigms targeted improving the quality of service between the end devices and the cloud itself. A fog computing Taxonomy is presented based on contemporary fog computing research about security challenges, services issues, operational issues, and data management. The standard for elucidating the taxonomy is built on the functional and vital issues in fog computing. Challenges and potential applications are identified. The review shows that security, privacy, application, and communication challenges are prominent among scholars contributions. Potential applications in fog computing are also identified, including healthcare applications, innovative city applications, and farm applications.

This study investigates the relationship among chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), sea surface temperature (SST), and sea surface salinity (SSS) in Aceh Waters, Indonesia using data from January and July 2022. Chl-a, SST, and SSS data were retrieved from the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) database. Pearson correlation analysis was employed to assess the connections among Chl-a, SST, and SSS within the Aceh Waters region. The findings reveal that all three parameters - Chl-a, SST, and SSS - conform to the seasonal monsoon patterns observed in January and July 2022. The correlation analysis conducted for January revealed the following relationships: a negative correlation between Chl-a and SST (-0.649), an inverse correlation between Chl-a and SSS (-0.215), and a positive correlation between SST and SSS (0.493). Conversely, correlations for July reveal a negative correlation between Chl-a and SST (-0.503), a positive correlation between Chl-a and SSS (0.039), and a negative correlation between SST and SSS (-0.478). Overall, this study elucidates the complex relationship among Chl-a, SST, and SSS in Aceh Waters, which is influenced by seasonal monsoon variations. Understanding this relationship is essential for assessing marine environmental dynamics and their potential impacts on ecosystems and human activities in the region.