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The present research investigated the effectiveness of cumin and black cumin extracts as natural antioxidants in uncooked chicken nuggets stored at refrigeration temperature (4°C) for 12 days and compared the results with a control treatment. Seven treatments were formulated, including a control group (Tc), T1 (0.5% cumin), T2 (1% cumin), T3 (1.5% cumin), T4 (0.5% black cumin), T5 (1% black cumin), and T6 (1.5% black cumin). The product was evaluated for several physicochemical parameters on days 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 of storage. The data was analyzed using a two-way factorial design under a completely randomized (CRD) design. Results showed that both treatments and storage significantly impacted all physicochemical properties, including DPPH, TPC, pH, POV, and TBARS (p 0.05). Sensory evaluation showed that T3 (1.5% cumin) was the most pleasant and preferred treatment. Conclusively, both cumin and black cumin have good antioxidant properties and can be used as natural antioxidants to increase the shelf life of food products.

Children are frequently reported as cases of foreign body ingestion, with fishbone ingestion being particularly prevalent in communities where fish consumption is common. Although many instances of foreign body ingestion resolve spontaneously, the ingestion of sharp objects like fishbones poses a greater risk of morbidity and mortality due to their propensity for causing complications. Furthermore, incidents of foreign body ingestion often present with nonspecific symptoms or may go unnoticed, potentially leading to misdiagnosis and complicating the clinical course. We present a case of a 2-year-old boy initially misdiagnosed with constipation and treated with laxatives due to intermittent progressive abdominal pain. Subsequently, he presented to the emergency department where radiological and laboratory investigations revealed signs of inflammation and localized abdominal fluid collection containing a linear hyperdense object, indicating complicated foreign body ingestion with perforation. Urgent laparotomy revealed an omental abscess, which was excised, and the perforation site was repaired with sutures. This case underscores the risk of misdiagnosis and the importance of timely recognition and management. It also emphasizes the critical role of imaging, particularly computed tomography, in accurate diagnosis and differentiation from other common conditions.

Papaya (Carica papaya) fruit has a short shelf life and suffers significant postharvest losses due to climacteric, instant ripening and perishable nature. Pre-storage hot water treatment (HWT) has significant potential to delay decay incidence in horticultural commodities. The present study was designed to evaluate effectiveness of HWT on ‘Red lady’ papaya fruit for minimizing the fruit decay and maintaining the quality during storage. Physiologically mature unripe ‘Red lady’ papaya fruit harvested from a commercial papaya orchard. Selected fruits were treated at three different hot water temperatures (50 °C, 52 °C and 54 °C) along with a control (room temp) for 10 minutes thereafter stored at 12 °C and 85–90% RH for four weeks. Different sensory evaluation, fruit quality scales and enzymatic activities were observed at weekly intervals. Fruit stored after 54 °C HWT showed lower weight loss (4.63%), decay incidence (5.1%) and higher fruit firmness (12.92 N) relative to control. Fruit treated at 52 °C HWT improved the fruit acidity, but total soluble solids decreased than control. The results revealed that ascorbic acid (33.33 mg/100 g), total phenolic contents (35 mg/g FW) total antioxidants (47.50% DPPH inhibition), and antioxidative enzyme activities were improved by 52 °C HWT. It is concluded that pre storage papaya fruit treatment (HWT @ 52 °C) preserves the quality of fruit throughout storage on the other hand at 54 °C HWT helps in decreased fruit decaying. It can be summarized that papaya fruit can be treated with hot water in the range of 52–54 °C to support the fruit shelf life and suppress fruit decay along with maintaining fruit quality.Practical applications: Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a climacteric fruit which is highly susceptible to fungal attacks after harvest. Due to its perishable nature, it becomes decayed and huge amount of highly nutritious and medicinally important fruit is wasted. Recently people are more concerned about food safety which limits the use of fungicides for controlling the fruit decay in papaya. However, heat treatment has tremendous potential to control microbial decay, and keep food commodities safe from hazardous chemicals. In this study, the hot water treatment has successfully suppressed the fruit decay and maintained fruit quality of papaya in the course of entire period of cold storage. These findings indicated that use of hot water treatment is a practical approach for increasing the shelf life of papaya fruit.

Abstract Cadmium (Cd) is an unessential and pervasive contaminant in agricultural soil, eventually affecting the food and instigating health issues. The implication of nanocomposites in agriculture attained significant attention to drive food security. Nanocomposites possess exceptional characteristics to stun the challenges of chemical fertilizers that can enhance plant yield and better nutrient bioavailability. Similarly, biochar has the ability to immobilize Cd in soil by reducing mobility and bioavailability. Rice husk biochar is produced at high temperature pyrolysis under anoxic conditions and a stable carbon-rich material is formed. To strive against this issue, rice plants were subjected to Cd (15, 20 mg kg− 1) stress and treated with alone/combined Ca + Mg (25 mg L− 1) nanocomposite and rice husk biochar. In our study, growth and yield traits showed the nurturing influence of Ca + Mg nanocomposite and biochar to improve rice defence mechanism by reducing Cd stress. Growth parameters root length 28%, shoot length 34%, root fresh weight 19%, shoot fresh weight 16%, root dry weight 9%, shoot dry weight 8%, number of tillers 32%, number of grains 20%, and spike length 17% were improved with combined application of Ca + Mg and biochar, with Cd (20 mg kg− 1), rivalled to alone biochar. Combined Ca + Mg and biochar application increased the SPAD 23%, total chlorophyll 26%, a 19%, b 18%, and carotenoids 15%, with Cd (20 mg kg− 1), rivalled to alone biochar. MDA 15%, H2O2 13%, and EL 10% were significantly regulated in shoots with combined Ca + Mg and biochar application with Cd (20 mg kg− 1) compared to alone biochar. POD 22%, SOD 17%, APX 18%, and CAT 9% were increased in shoots with combined Ca + Mg and biochar application with Cd (20 mg kg− 1) compared to alone biochar. Cd uptake in roots 13%, shoots 14%, and grains 21% were minimized under Cd (20 mg kg− 1) with combined Ca + Mg and B. pumilus application, compared to alone biochar. Subsequently, combined Ca + Mg and biochar application is a sustainable solution to boost crop production under Cd stress.

Objective: The objective of the study was to explore the potential signaling mechanism of Aconitum tanguticum (Maxim.) Stapf (ATS) and its impact on intestinal fibrosis in vitro. Methods: Network pharmacology was used to screen the active components of ATS and predict their potential targets in intestinal fibrosis. The protein–protein interaction network graph was constructed using drug–disease intersection targets retrieved from the Search Tool for Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins database. The network diagram was analyzed using Cytoscape 3.6.1’stopology function. The gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were conducted using the database for annotation, visualization, and integrated discovery platform. Intestinal fibroblast model in vitro was constructed using transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced CCD-18Co cells. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to verify the network pharmacology-predicted antifibrotic signaling pathway of ATS and the traditional antifibrotic signaling pathway. Results: Network pharmacology revealed that there were 19 active components in ATS, suggesting that ATS could be involved in the regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1), PIK3CA, MAPK3, and other important targets that are present in cancer pathways, including proteoglycans, influenza A, and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathways. The results of quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) demonstrated that 0.1–1 μg/mL ATS may suppress tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, collagen I, and alpha-smooth muscle actin expression levels. The expression of the TGF-β/suppressor of the mother against decapentaplegic (Smad) and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways was controlled by ATS. In addition, ATS inhibited the PI3K/Akt pathway by reducing the expression of MAPK1, HSP90AA1, and PIK3CA. Conclusions: It has been confirmed that ATS is a multipathway and multitarget treatment for intestinal fibrosis. This study suggested that ATS might alleviate intestinal fibrosis by blocking both the TGF-β/Smad and the PI3K/Akt pathway.

Abstract Background Salt Overly Sensitive 1 (SOS1), a plasma membrane Na+/H+ exchanger, is essential for plant salt tolerance. Salt damage is a significant abiotic stress that impacts plant species globally. All living organisms require copper (Cu), a necessary micronutrient and a protein cofactor for many biological and physiological processes. High Cu concentrations, however, may result in pollution that inhibits the growth and development of plants. The function and production of mangrove ecosystems are significantly impacted by rising salinity and copper contamination. Results A genome-wide analysis and bioinformatics techniques were used in this study to identify 20 SOS1 genes in the genome of Kandelia obovata. Most of the SOS1 genes were found on the plasma membrane and dispersed over 11 of the 18 chromosomes. Based on phylogenetic analysis, KoSOS1s can be categorized into four groups, similar to Solanum tuberosum. Kandelia obovata's SOS1 gene family expanded due to tandem and segmental duplication. These SOS1 homologs shared similar protein structures, according to the results of the conserved motif analysis. The coding regions of 20 KoSOS1 genes consist of amino acids ranging from 466 to 1221, while the exons include amino acids ranging from 3 to 23. In addition, we found that the 2.0 kb upstream promoter region of the KoSOS1s gene contains several cis-elements associated with phytohormones and stress responses. According to the expression experiments, seven randomly chosen genes experienced up- and down-regulation of their expression levels in response to copper (CuCl2) and salt stressors. Conclusions For the first time, this work systematically identified SOS1 genes in Kandelia obovata. Our investigations also encompassed physicochemical properties, evolution, and expression patterns, thereby furnishing a theoretical framework for subsequent research endeavours aimed at functionally characterizing the Kandelia obovata SOS1 genes throughout the life cycle of plants.

Fractals are important to explore the objects of our natural environment, such as mountains, trees, ferns, plants, lightning, rainbows, and snowflakes. Therefore, taking motivation from recent research about a new iteration scheme that converges more quickly than other popular hybrid iterative methods, we apply it to study the escape criterion. Using this criterion, we establish three algorithms. These algorithms are used to generate the important classes of fractals. Moreover, we present the analysis of how the fractal image changes with variations in different input parameters using proposed algorithms. More specifically, the complex function ℷ(z)=zm+b where m≥2,b∈ℂ is considered for the proof and application of the results. Also, we calculate the image generation time by considering different values of the involved parameters. Fascinating J-sets (i.e., Julia sets), M-sets (i.e., Mandelbrot sets), and multicorns (i.e., Mandelbrot sets of conjugate complex polynomial functions) at different values of m can be visualized. The successful application of a novel iteration scheme highlights the significance of this research over the existing one.

Hexaferrites are in high demand due to their unique properties, such as absorbing harmful electromagnetic radiation, which is a result of the development of wireless technology and electronic and electrical gadgets. In meantime, U-type hexaferrites whose chemical formula is Ba4Me2Fe36O60, one of the least explored hexaferrite types getting attention from researchers, and getting explored as a micro-absorbing material and magnetic material due to their complex crystalline structure and increased intrinsic magneto crystallographic anisotropy for wider range of frequency. Several synthesis methods, such as solid-state, sol-gel, chemical co-precipitation, and high-energy milling, are analyzed in this review study, along with their annealing/sintering temperatures and times, for forming several forms of U-type hexaferrite. Additionally, this review paper's emphasized discussion topics include crystal structure, characterization methods, magnetic, microwave-absorbing, and electromagnetic properties. It looked at how substituting other elements could affect the structural, magnetic, and microwave absorption capabilities of U-type hexaferrite. In order to figure out microwave absorber devices spanning an extensive range of frequencies, most researchers have focused on the magnetic and microwave absorbing capabilities of U-type.

In an era marked by growing global turmoil, the strategic role of environmental finance and green investment in fostering sustainable development has never been more crucial. Particularly in regions beset by crises, enterprises find themselves at the forefront of efforts to develop resilience and stability. Leveraging insights from information effect theory and stakeholder theory, this study delves into an intricate interplay to unveil the impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance on corporate solvency. In particular, the study investigates how ESG considerations influence short-term and long-term solvency metrics. Utilizing data from the listed constituent enterprises of the Stock Exchange of Thailand Sustainability Index (SETTHSI) during 2015 – 2023, the findings reveal a positive correlation between ESG performance and solvency at current levels, with no significant lag effect. Further analysis suggests that higher-polluting firms exhibit a stronger correlation between ESG performance and solvency compared to their non or lower-polluting counterparts. The findings remain robust across various assessments encompassing heterogeneity analysis by implementing group regressions and testing for endogeneity using the Propensity Score Matching approach, ensuring the reliability and applicability of the results which underscores the practical significance and theoretical relevance of the study, with profound implications for long-term enterprise resilience and broader social advancement.

Steel bars are part and parcel of reinforced concrete used in the construction projects, ranging from single family houses to super tall buildings and long span bridges. Maintaining the quality of the steel bars has always been challenging especially in developing countries. Low quality steel bars result in serviceability issues and reduce useful life of structures. This research work is focused on examining and investigating some basic facts about the quality of the steel bars produced in Pakistan. Pakistan being 5th most populous country in the world has huge consumption of steel. Laboratory testing data of steel bars are statistically analysed to have an insight in to the quality of bars. These steel bars were tested over a period of two years, which belong to several real-life projects. Properties like weight per unit length, yield strength, ultimate strength and percentage elongation were mainly analysed. Findings show that out of the stock of 4782 bars, 17.4 % failed to meet the minimum requirements provided by American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM A615). Quality of grade 60 bars was found better than those of grade 40.

This study examines the influence of family social support on student resilience and self-regulated learning (SRL), as well as the role of SRL as a mediator for Indonesian and Turkish students. This quantitative method used three research scales to answer the research questions: resilience, family social support, and self-regulated learning. The study included 606 Indonesian respondents and 504 Turkish respondents. In this study, the researchers used a structural equation model based on partial least squares to perform data analysis. The results showed that Indonesian students had a higher average academic resilience score than Turkish students. Turkish students’ family social support scores were higher than Indonesian students. The bootstrapping method demonstrated a positive indirect effect of SRL on the relationship between family social support and academic resilience. Hence, SRL is a good variable that connects family social support with academic resilience.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) block vs Local Infiltration for pain management techniques in patients undergoing laparoscopic lower abdominal surgeries. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Surgery, Lahore General Hospital, from March to May, 2024. It involved a total of 110 patients, divided into two groups of 55 each, between the ages of 20 to 60 years, diagnosed with indirect inguinal hernia by ultrasound. Chronic smokers, drug addicts, intravenous drug abusers, patients with a history of previous surgeries, with known drug allergies and with complicated hernia were excluded from this cross-sectional study. The Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) was used to see the pain variation and effectiveness of both techniques at 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours. Results: The mean age in the TAP Block Group was 32.0 ± 9.92 years, and the mean age in the Local Wound Infiltration Group was 34.21 ± 10.01 years. There were 108 (98.18%) male and 2(1.81%) female cases with a higher male-to-female ratio. The results indicated that the TAP Block group consistently required fewer rescue analgesic doses than the local wound Infiltration group at all postoperative time points. At 6 hours, 23.63% of patients in the TAP Block group needed additional analgesia, compared to 38.18% in the Wound Infiltration group, though this difference was not statistically significant. However, at 12, 18, and 24 hours, the TAP Block group showed a significantly lower need for rescue analgesia, with p-values of 0.002, and 0.008, respectively. Conclusion: In managing postoperative pain of Inguinal Hernia Repair, TAP Block is superior to Wound Infiltration of local anesthetic agent. After TAP Block NRS remains fewer and a smaller number of rescue doses are needed as compared to Wound infiltration.

There is an ongoing debate about the potential of localized conservation efforts to address the ecological challenges brought about by global climate shifts. Among these challenges, biological invasion negatively affects ecosystem health and biodiversity. In this study, we assessed the potential impact of global climate changes and human activities on the spread of the invasive species Broussonetia papyrifera in Pakistan's subtropical region. Jackknife analysis indicated that, among the climatic variables studied, the maximum temperature of the warmest month (bio05) made the most significant contribution, accounting for 25.6 % of the model's predictive capacity. Potential highly invaded regions are located in the territory of Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Attock, Nowshera, Swabi, Haripur, and Mardan. Some patches were also found to be invaded in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Abbottabad, Buner, Tor Ghar, and Peshawar) and Punjab (Narowal, Sialkot, Gujrat, Jhelum, and Chakwal). Specifically, based on all four Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) scenarios for the 2050 s and 2070 s, the highly invaded regions of B. papyrifera are predicted to shift Northern Punjab, Eastern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Northern Kashmir. Based on the SSPs 245 and 585 scenarios, the majority of highly invaded regions are projected to expand by 2050. Similarly, within these regions, the potentially invaded land area is estimated to increase to 2.74 % under SSPs 585 in the 2050 s, 5.29 % under SSPs 245 in the 2070 s, and 6.27 % under SSPs 585 in the 2070 s. Applying circuit theory and ecological resistance, a surface connectivity map of the species revealed that Rawalpindi and Sargodha in Punjab had the most prominent corridors, with rates being highest where ecological patches continually merged. This study is the first to predict B. papyrifera distribution in Pakistan under current and future climate change scenarios. Implementing nationwide guidelines comprehensively may curb the spread of invasive species and protect native plant diversity from extinction. The findings of this study will aid in timely monitoring and surveillance of B. papyrifera and in formulating integrated management plans at the national level to prevent its invasion, spread, and potential harm to newly projected regions.

The use of ultrasound for pleural procedures is associated with a decreased risk of complications. Handheld ultrasounds allow for easier evaluation of the pleural space. Limited data exists for the use of such devices for pleural procedures. The primary objective of our study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of handheld ultrasound for pleural procedures. We performed a prospective observational study, including all consecutive patients who underwent pleural procedures using the handheld ultrasound between September 2021 and November 2023. A total of 332 pleural procedures were attempted with handheld ultrasound, of which 329 pleural procedures (99.1%) were successfully performed. The median volume of fluid drained was 500 (interquartile range: 300-800). Thoracentesis was performed in 127 patients (38.5%), tube thoracostomy in 179 patients (54.4%), and medical thoracoscopy in 23 patients (7.0%). Exudative pleural effusions were found in 264 patients (80.0%), of which 152 (46.2%) were determined to be due to infectious etiologies. A total of 4 (1.2%) patients had a complication due to the procedure. 2 patients (0.6%) had a pneumothorax, while 2 patients (0.6%) developed a hemothorax. A total of 101 patients had either low platelets (

Hydrogels are three-dimensional structures that serve as substitutes for the extracellular matrix (ECM) and possess outstanding physicochemical and biochemical characteristics. They are gaining importance in regenerative medicine because of their similarity to the natural extracellular matrix in terms of moisture content and wound and tissue healing permeability. Tissue engineering advancements have resulted in the development of flexible hydrogels that mimic the dynamic characteristics of the ECM. Several approaches have been applied to produce hydrogels from biopolymers with enhanced functional and structural characteristics for different applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM). This review provides a comprehensive overview of hydrogel in wound healing, tissue engineering, and drug delivery systems. We outline different types of hydrogels based on the physical and chemical crosslinking, fundamental properties, and their applications in TERM. This review article provided the recent literature on hydrogels for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine within five years. Recent developments in biopolymer-based hydrogels for state-of-the-art tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have been discussed, emphasizing their significant challenges and future perspectives.

Mapala, or Mahasiswa Pencinta Alam (Nature-Loving Students), is an official student organization in various higher education institutions. Mapala frequently engages in social activities aimed at preserving nature and its contents. This study aim to determine the influence of social piety and patience on flourishing among nature-loving students. Data collection employed non-probability convenience sampling, in which the respondents were selected based on availability. The respondents in this study were 223 active students and members of Mapala organizations across universities in Indonesia. Data analysis was performed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method, utilizing SmartPLS 3.0 M3 software. The study revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between patience and flourishing, as evidenced by a p-value of 0.000 and a t-value of 9.202. In addition, the level of social piety had a positive and substantial impact on flourishing, as proven by a p-value of 0.020 (less than 0.05) and a t-value of 2.337. These results indicate that patience and social piety are key factors contributing to flourishing among Mapala students.

Cadmium (Cd) is a well-known pollutant in agricultural soil, affecting human health through the food chain. To combat this issue, Ca + Mg (25 mg L−1) nanocomposite and Bacillus pumilus, either alone or combined, were applied to rice plants under Cd (5 mg kg−1, 10 mg kg−1) contamination. In our study, growth and yield traits demonstrated the beneficial influence of Ca + Mg and B. pumilus application in improving rice defense mechanism by reducing Cd stress. Combined Ca + Mg and B. pumilus application increased SPAD (15), total chlorophyll (18), chlorophyll a (11), chlorophyll b (22), and carotenoids (21%) with Cd (10 mg kg−1), compared to the application alone. Combined Ca + Mg and B. pumilus application significantly regulated MDA (15), H2O2 (13), EL (10), and O2•– (24%) in shoots under Cd (10 mg kg−1), compared to the application alone. Cd (10 mg kg−1) increased the POD (22), SOD (21), APX (12), and CAT (13%) in shoots with combined Ca + Mg and B. pumilus application, compared to the application alone. Combined Ca + Mg and B. pumilus application significantly reduced Cd accumulation in roots (22), shoots (13), and grains (20%) under Cd (10 mg kg−1), compared to the application alone. Consequently, the combined application of Ca + Mg and B. pumilus is a sustainable solution to enhance crop production under Cd stress.

The nanofluids are decomposition of nano-sized metallic particles with base materials maintaining peak thermal properties. Owing to enhanced thermal features, various applications of nanofluids are observed in enhancing energy resources and cooling processes. The objective of current work is exploring the thermal impact of nanofluid associated to the oblique stagnation point flow. The thermal interpretation of nanofluid is subject to active and passive control approach. The heat trnasfer analysis is identified by using convective thermal flow constraints. The Buongiorno nanofluid model is adopted, endorsing the Brownian and thermophoresis consequences. The flow problem is first simplfied intodimensionless form. The numerical computations are performed by using famous shooting scheme with justifiable accuracy. A comparative change in the thermal phenomenon given the passive and active frameworks is presented. It is exmained that heat transfer reduces for stretching ratio parameter. The concentration profile reduces for angle of incidence for both active and passive control approach.

The chronic immune-mediated inflammatory condition known as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) significantly affects the gastrointestinal system. While the precise etiology of IBD remains elusive, extensive research suggests that a range of pathophysiological pathways and immunopathological mechanisms may significantly contribute as potential factors. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown significant potential in the development of novel therapeutic approaches for various medical conditions. However, some MSCs have been found to exhibit tumorigenic characteristics, which limit their potential for medical treatments. The extracellular vesicles (EVs), paracrine factors play a crucial role in the therapeutic benefits conferred by MSCs. The EVs consist of proteins, microRNAs, and lipids, and are instrumental in facilitating intercellular communication. Due to the ease of maintenance, and decreased immunogenicity, tumorigenicity the EVs have become a new and exciting option for whole cell treatment. This review comprehensively assesses recent preclinical research on human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC)-derived EVs as a potential IBD therapy. It comprehensively addresses key aspects of various conditions, including diabetes, cancer, dermal injuries, neurological disorders, cardiovascular issues, liver and kidney diseases, and bone-related afflictions.

Many persons with disabilities (PWDs) participated in working environment in Indonesia who participate in the working environment in Indonesia often report mistreatment and discrimination that they receive within the workplace. Despite many organizations and researchers purposefully seeking to improve inclusion within the workplace, challenges emerge due to the lack of understanding about the perspectives of PWDs regarding the adjustments and improvements needed to achieve better inclusivity. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven PWDs from various industries and disability conditions. The aim was to gain an in-depth understanding of PWDs perspectives about inclusion practices in their respective workplaces. In principle, the results show that the discriminative assumptions about PWDs can be considered as a one-dimensional view and do not provide a chance for PWDs to prove otherwise. However, these discriminatory views influence the treatment of PWDs on multiple levels. Furthermore, the results also highlighted issues experienced by PWDs in the recruitment, selection, social integration, and performance management phases. Improvements to address the issues highlighted by PWDs are focused on adjustment on recruitment procedures, improvement on accessible facilities and adjustments, providing accessible information system, improve employee capabilities through training and development, as well as provide mechanism to enable job flexibility. Furthermore, these steps need organizational value and diversity enhancement, and could be helped by collaboration with third party organization. The findings might help companies to enhance inclusion in their workplaces through effective ways and directly addressing the issues experienced by PWDs.

Soil improvement using chemical admixtures has been extensively investigated in the recent past and these admixtures are abundantly being used on various construction projects. However, there is a need to elucidate the long-term performance of stabilized geomaterials under aggressive pore fluid environments such as high salinity of groundwater in coastal areas. This study presents the effects of the concentration of pore fluid salinity on the post-stabilization behavior of cement-treated Marl specimens to brine solution from Sabkha deposits and rejected water from a water treatment plant. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS), mineralogy, chemical, and microstructural evaluations have been carried out in this regard. minerals like albite and muscovite completely leached out of the samples after 28 days of soaking in a saline environment. A new mineral Attapulgite was formed at various concentration levels of the pore fluid. Significant changes in the chemical composition were also observed in various phases of the experiments. Moreover, at all salinity levels, the UCS initially increased to a maximum of 75 % which later reduced to a value less than the original strength whereas the elastic modulus (E50) increased as the soaking period progressed. Lastly, it is emphasized that the engineering properties of treated soils exposed to aggressive pore fluids should be carefully assessed for a reliable prediction of the long-term performance of geotechnical structures.

In the last decade, with the increase in cyberattacks the privacy of network traffic has become a critical issue. Currently, simple network intrusion detection techniques are inefficient in terms of time complexity and are characterized by low detection accuracy and high false alarm rates, whereas techniques using complex algorithms such as recurrent neural network (RNN) and transformer-based deep learning, face challenges of high time complexity, large computational resource usage, and high latency rate in detecting intrusion in real-time traffic. To overcome these issues, we propose an advanced intrusion detection random forest “IDRandom-Forest” for real-time intrusion detection with reduced testing time and with higher accuracy. In this technique, an accuracy sliding window and feature weighting based on stratified feature sampling are introduced to determine the optimal sub-ensemble from the classical random forest. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed hybrid classification system outperforms current state-of-the-art techniques in terms of accuracy and testing time.

Objective: This study aims to assess the efficacy of Ultrasonographic Guided Tunneled Hemodialysis Catheters in patients with ESRD. The primary objectives include assessing catheter placement success, blood flow adequacy, and the prevention of catheter related blood stream infections. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Department of Nephrology, Central Park Medical College and Hospital Lahore, Pakistan from December 2022 to May 2023. Methods: In this study, enrolled 40 end stage renal disease patients aged 20 to 60 years. Tunneled Hemodialysis Catheters (THCs) were inserted under ultrasonographic guidance, predominantly in the right internal jugular vein. Demographic and clinical data were recorded, and blood flow was assessed for dialysis adequacy. The study followed STROBE guidelines and obtained ethical clearance. Results: Of the 40 patients, 50% were male, 85% had hypertension, and 87.5% had diabetes. Ultrasonography guided Tunneled Hemodialysis Catheters were predominantly placed in the right internal jugular vein (55%) with overall success rate of 100 percent. Mean blood flow was 317 ml/minute, and patients had a history of 4.29 ± 1.18 previous catheters. No CRBSIs were reported within the study period. Conclusion: Ultrasonographic guided Tunneled Hemodialysis Catheters demonstrated effective placement, adequate blood flow, and a notable absence of catheter related blood stream infections. The study contributes valuable insights into the role of Tunneled Hemodialysis Catheters in ESRD care, emphasizing their significance as an interim solution while awaiting arteriovenous fistula maturation. How to cite this: Sikandar MZ, Javed M, Waheed MA, Khan AA, Amjad H, Moeen SMH. Navigating Vascular Access Challenges in End-Stage Renal Disease: A Comprehensive Study of Ultrasonographic Guided Tunneled Hemodialysis Catheters. Life and Science. 2024; 5(4): 477-481. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.541

Syncope is a brief loss of consciousness caused by reduced blood flow to the brain, characterised by sudden onset, short duration and full recovery without intervention. Anamnesis, physical examination and other diagnostic tests such as laboratory analysis and electrocardiogram (ECG) can be conducted to identify the underlying cause of syncope. A Brugada pattern on an ECG in individuals with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) who have syncope symptoms may indicate cardiac issues. A 69-year-old man with hypertension and a history of smoking presented with syncope. His vital signs were within normal limits, with no signs of a neurological deficit. The patient met the diagnostic criteria for SIADH, as evidenced by the presence of hyponatraemia (Na 118 mmol/l), a hyperosmolar condition and euvolemia. Upon arrival, a twelve-lead ECG showed ST-segment anomalies that reflected a Brugada ECG pattern. No ventricular arrhythmias were detected during the 24-hour Holter monitoring. Coronary angiography revealed no abnormalities in the coronary arteries. The ECG demonstrated the normalisation of ST elevations and the disappearance of the Brugada ECG pattern after the correction of hyponatraemia. After three months of follow-up the patient, with a normal sodium level, had no episodes of syncope.

Ferroptosis is an emerging mode of programmed cell death fueled by iron buildup and lipid peroxidation. Recent evidence points to the function of ferroptosis in the aetiology and development of cancer and other disorders. Consequently, harnessing iron death for disease treatment has diverted the interest of the researchers in the field of basic and clinical research. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) represents a primary protein degradation pathway in eukaryotes. It involves labelling proteins to be degraded by ubiquitin (Ub), followed by recognition and degradation by the proteasome. Dysfunction of the UPS can contribute to diverse pathological processes, emphasizing the importance of maintaining organismal homeostasis. The regulation of protein stability is a critical component of the intricate molecular mechanism underlying iron death. Moreover, the intricate involvement of the UPS in regulating iron death-related molecules and signaling pathways, providing valuable insights for targeted treatment strategies. Besides, it highlights the potential of ferroptosis as a promising target for cancer therapy, emphasizing the combination between ferroptosis and the UPS. The molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis, including key regulators such as glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), cysteine/glutamate transporter (system XC-), and iron metabolism, are thoroughly examined, alongside the role of the UPS in modulating the abundance and activity of crucial proteins for ferroptotic cell death, such as GPX4, and nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (NRF2). As a pivotal regulatory system for macromolecular homeostasis, the UPS substantially impacts ferroptosis by directly or indirectly modulating iron death-related molecules or associated signaling pathways. This review explores the involvement of the UPS in regulating iron death-related molecules and signaling pathways, providing valuable insights for the targeted treatment of diseases associated with ferroptosis.

With the development of new technologies in recent years, researchers have made significant progress in crop breeding. Modern breeding differs from traditional breeding because of great changes in technical means and breeding concepts. Whereas traditional breeding initially focused on high yields, modern breeding focuses on breeding orientations based on different crops’ audiences or by-products. The process of modern breeding starts from the creation of material populations, which can be constructed by natural mutagenesis, chemical mutagenesis, physical mutagenesis transfer DNA (T-DNA), Tos17 (endogenous retrotransposon), etc. Then, gene function can be mined through QTL mapping, Bulked-segregant analysis (BSA), Genome-wide association studies (GWASs), RNA interference (RNAi), and gene editing. Then, at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and translational levels, the functions of genes are described in terms of post-translational aspects. This article mainly discusses the application of the above modern scientific and technological methods of breeding and the advantages and limitations of crop breeding and diversity. In particular, the development of gene editing technology has contributed to modern breeding research.

The quality and level of groundwater tables have rapidly declined because of intensive pumping in Punjab (Pakistan). For sustainable groundwater supplies, there is a need for better management practices. So, the identification of potential groundwater recharge zones is crucial for developing effective management systems. The current research is based on integrating seven contributing factors, including geology, soil map, land cover/land use, lineament density, drainage density, slope, and rainfall to categorize the area into various groundwater recharge potential zones using remote sensing, geographic information system (GIS), and analytical hierarchical process (AHP) for Punjab, Pakistan. The weights (for various thematic layers) and rating values (for sub-classes) in the overlay analysis were assigned for thematic layers and then modified and normalized using the AHP. The result indicates that about 17.88% of the area falls under the category of very high groundwater potential zones (GWPZs). It was found that only 12.27% of the area falls under the category of very low GWPZs. The results showed that spatial technologies like remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS), when combined with AHP technique, provide a robust platform for studying GWPZs. This will help the public and government sectors to understand the potential zone for sustainable groundwater management.

Early marriage is one of the social problems prevalent in many emerging countries, including Indonesia. Early marriage is widely believed to impact future economic outcomes negatively and is also associated with higher poverty incidence. Previous research has shown that early marriage significantly affects an individual’s future welfare and makes them vulnerable to poverty (Dahl, 2010). Research on this issue is still limited in Indonesia, and we aim to pursue the impact of early marriage decisions on poverty, using divorce, dropout, and gender as control variables. We use panel logistic regression on Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) data set. We classify early married individuals as someone who marry under 18 years old, while the poverty variable is measured using the national poverty line. The logistic regression shows that early marriage is significantly associated with lower wages and poverty. The marginal effect of the logistic regression shows that an individual who marries early has a higher probability of getting into poverty, as much as 13-15%. We also found that women are more vulnerable to poverty than male with the exact status of marriage and education level. This result implies that the early marriage problem needs further attention from the policymaker. Regulation of the age of marriage should be reinforced and supported by more stringent measures from local governments.

This study explores the conceptual gap regarding patience between Western psychology and Islam, and aims to identify the factors that influence patience in the context of Islamic psychology. Academic hardiness, self-control, resilience, grit, and self-acceptance influence the level of patience in the context of Islamic psychology are the hypotheses. This study employs a quantitative research design involving 213 Muslim students from the Universitas Islam Riau. Data collection was carried out using Patience in Islamic Psychology Scale, Oviedo Grit Scale, Revised Academic Hardiness Scale, Self Control Scale, Adolescent Resilience Scale and Berger's Self-Acceptance Scale. Data analyzed using the SmartPLS 3.0 M3 program. The results of the study indicate that academic hardiness, self-control, resilience, and self-acceptance significantly affect the level of patience in the context of Islamic psychology. Interestingly, the findings reveal that grit has a significant negative impact on patience in Islamic Psychology. Success in the theory of grit (Western psychology ) is defined as achieving desired goals, while success in Islamic psychology is defined as striving within the permissible boundaries. However, in the event of failure, it is important not to lose hope and to remember the blessings bestowed by Allah that have been received.

Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) are transporter proteins exist widely in all living organisms which are involved in toxins detoxification. In plants, MATE proteins function in detoxification of endogenous secondary metabolites, exogenous agents, and other plant developmental processes. In this study, the identification and expression analysis of MATE gene family was conducted to analyse their response against heavy metal and salt stresses in pitaya seedlings. We have identified and analysed 35 MATE gene family members from pitaya genome which were mapped on all 11 chromosomes. All members of this family were named from HuMATE-1 to HuMATE-35, divided into 14 groups based on phylogenetic analysis, tree topology and motif's structure. The subcellular localization of 35 proteins was predicted and data showed that 62 % of the total gene members were localized on plasma membrane. The syntenic analysis showed 14 collinearity gene pairs in which two gene pairs showed tandem duplication and twelve pairs showed segmental duplication on the chromosomes. Genes motif composition and exon-intron structures were found more similar within the same group. Cis-acting element in promoter regions predicted their regulatory function in plant toxin detoxification and defence processes. RNA-Seq analysis of HuMATE candidate genes exhibit higher expression under copper and salt stresses individually as well as both in combination. Melatonin applications regulate HuMATE gene expression effectively for both copper and salt stresses, thus enhancing pitaya seedling growth and development. Moreover, RT-qPCR analysis of highly expressed 10 HuMATE genes at different developmental stages of pitaya validates the expression and RNA-Seq results. Our finding predicts thatHuMATE-7/11/12/28 genes are putative candidates and might play a key role in plant toxin detoxification produced by heavy metals accumulation and high soil salinity. Furthermore, our results provide the foundation for development of stress-tolerant genotypes under various climate scenarios through forward and reverse genetic breeding programs.

In addressing issues related to electromagnetic interference, the demand for ferrite materials with exceptional magnetic and dielectric properties has escalated recently. In this research, sol-gel auto combustion technique prepared Nickel zinc ferrites substituted with cerium, denoted as Ni0.5Zn0.5Ce0.02Fe1.98O4.X-ray diffraction (XRD), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), and Field Emissions Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) were used to investigate the structure, magnetic properties, and morphology of Cerium doped NiZn Nano ferrites, respectively. The magnetic and dielectric properties of the sample was examined within a frequency range of 2.5-5.5 GHz. Sample exhibits low permittivity (2.2), high permeability (1.4), low dielectric (0.35) and magnetic loss tangent (-0.5) and highest saturation magnetization measuring 30.28 emu/g. A Novel Double-band, 4x4 MIMO window grill-modeled antennas operating on 3.5 GHz and 4.8 GHz frequency bands for 5G smartphones is designed using the CST microwave studio suite. The performance of window grilled 4x4 MIMO antenna model with Cerium doped NiZn nano ferrites as substrate, is investigated and found the return loss of -35 and -32 dB, with the bandwidth of 200MHz, gain (1.89 & 4.38dBi), envelope correlation coefficient (0.00185), channel capacity loss (0.2bps/Hz), and interterminal isolation of (22& 19dB).The results show that the antenna size is reduced with improved bandwidth, higher isolation and better diversity gain performance using Cerium doped NiZn nano ferrite substrate compared to conventional dielectric substrates.

Objective. To determine the final year pharmacy undergraduate students’ attitudes toward research after completing a research project. Methods. A research project was introduced in the final year of the PharmD program in January 2022. After a period of one year, in Janurary 2023, students submitted their final research to the faculty members. The survey was conducted from 1st March to 30st April 2023 using a study tool that contained items asking students’ demographic, their research perceptions, attitude and experience, and also motivation/barriers faced during the research project. Descriptive and t-test statistics were utilized to compare the means of subgroups at a level of significance, i.e., p

This paper presents the developmental process of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC), the most advanced form of concrete. The entire process exclusively utilized locally available materials. The mixes were prepared without using any specialized mixer or treatments, such as elevated pressure, etc. The primary objective of the research was to develop low-cost non-proprietary version of UHPC by optimizing both cementitious and non-cementitious materials to attain the highest levels of workability, compressive strength, flexural strength and durability. The research utilizes a trial-and-error approach, subjecting specimens to curing in both regular and heated water. The findings validate the viability of producing self-compacting UHPC with compressive strength ranging from 120 to 160 MPa, employing local materials and manufacturing methods. Raw materials and mixing sequence had a significant influence on the fresh and hardened properties of UHPC. The inclusion of steel fibers and the application of heat treatment remarkably enhanced the compressive strength. Furthermore, cost analysis revealed that this particular UHPC is only slightly over four times more expensive than conventional concrete, in contrast to commercially available UHPC, which is approximately 10 times expensive than traditional concrete.

Abstract In mammals, the production of mature oocytes necessitates rigorous regulation of the discontinuous meiotic cell-cycle progression at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. However, the factors underlying this sophisticated but explicit process remain largely unclear. Here we characterize the function of N-acetyltransferase 10 (Nat10), a writer for N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) on RNA molecules, in mouse oocyte development. We provide genetic evidence that Nat10 is essential for oocyte meiotic prophase I progression, oocyte growth and maturation by sculpting the maternal transcriptome through timely degradation of poly(A) tail mRNAs. This is achieved through the ac4C deposition on the key CCR4-NOT complex transcripts. Importantly, we devise a method for examining the poly(A) tail length (PAT), termed Hairpin Adaptor-poly(A) tail length (HA-PAT), which outperforms conventional methods in terms of cost, sensitivity, and efficiency. In summary, these findings provide genetic evidence that unveils the indispensable role of maternal Nat10 in oocyte development.

The effectiveness of early intervention involving parents determines the success of services for children with autism. The study aims to deepen our understanding of how Muslim parents developed patience in educating, training, and teaching their autistic children. This study used phenomenology to explore the characteristics of patience in Muslim parents with autistic children in a low-income class. Respondents were four mothers who were actively caring for their children and registered with the Autism Service Center, a local autism service center in Riau Province. The findings showed the types of characteristics associated with patience. Parents with moderately autistic children are patient with self-control patterns. At the same time, the characteristics of patience in parents with severely autistic children are patience with patterns of grit, resilience, and hardiness. The overall characteristics of patience cannot be separated from the characteristics of voluntary patience, which come from the belief in Allah. The characteristics of patience contain an active patient characteristic.

Abstract The increase in global energy consumption and the related ecological problems have generated a constant demand for alternative energy sources superior to traditional ones. This is why unlimited photon-energy harnessing is important. A notable focus to address this concern is on advancing and producing cost-effective low-loss solar cells. For efficient light energy capture and conversion, we fabricated a ZnPC:PC70BM-based dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) and estimated its performance using a solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D). We evaluated the output parameters of the ZnPC:PC70BM-based DSSC with different photoactive layer thicknesses, series and shunt resistances, and back-metal work function. Our analyses show that moderate thickness, minimum series resistance, high shunt resistance, and high metal-work function are favorable for better device performance due to low recombination losses, electrical losses, and better transport of charge carriers. In addition, in-depth research for clarifying the impact of factors, such as thickness variation, defect density, and doping density of charge transport layers, has been conducted. The best efficiency value found was 10.30% after tweaking the parameters. It also provides a realistic strategy for efficiently utilizing DSSC cells by altering features that are highly dependent on DSSC performance and output.

Aquaculture activities that have been carried out intensively for several decades have made this sectorgrowrapidlycomparedtootherfoodsectors.However,intensiveactivitieshavenegativeimpacts, one of which is on the environment. To respond to these problems, aquaculture activities havenowfocusedonenvironmentallyfriendlyaquaculturebyimplementingvariousecosys-tem-based cultivation systems and improving aquaculture management based on the principle of sustainableaquaculture.TheIMTA(IntegratedMulti-trophicAquaculture)systemisacultivationsystem that uses species with different trophic levels to reuse wasted nutrients to be used as bio-mass. Currently, the IMTA system has begun to be developed in various countries in fresh, brackish, andmarinewatercultivationwithmultipleapproachesaccordingtoenvironmental,social,andeconomic conditions. This review study discusses different IMTA systems and their applications.

Solar Home System is one of the technologies for utilizing solar power at home. To optimize the performance of PLTS, it is necessary to regulate the use of electrical energy. In this research, an effort is made to control the load using fuzzy logic to regulate the power consumption used by the load so that energy can be utilized effectively. The fuzzy logic method works based on the input given so that the desired results can be as expected. To test the effectiveness of the fuzzy logic method, this study was tested with two types of loads: lighting and fan loads. For lighting loads, it uses two light sensor inputs, and for air conditioning, it uses two temperature sensor inputs and a PIR sensor. The test results show that in the experiment of setting the light load using fuzzy logic, the average power usage at the load is 11.31 watts. In contrast, without fuzzy logic, the average power usage value for the load is 14.29 watts. In the fan load control experiment using fuzzy logic, the energy consumption setting was obtained according to the room temperature input and the number of people in the room. The test results received power usage without using fuzzy logic, where the average fan power usage value is 4.32 Watts, while without fuzzy logic, the average power usage value is 2.97 Watts. For one sensor input, the average power usage value of the average fan is 3.02 Watts; without fuzzy logic, the average power usage value is 2.93 Watts for two sensor inputs.

The SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN (SBP) gene family is essential for plant growth and development. However, little is known about the SBP gene family in pitaya (Selenicereus undatus L.); a fruit crop cultivated in tropical climates, severely affected by abiotic stress factors. These stresses produce excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), affecting pitaya growth and development. In this study, we identified 17 SBP genes in the pitaya genome (HuSBP) and classified them into seven distinct clusters based on their phylogeny. The HuSBP genes exhibited a conserved intron-exon structure and motif domain organization. These SBP genes were differentially expressed in 15 developmental stages of flower (F), flower buds (FB), pericarp (PeriC), and pulp. In addition, specific HuSBP genes exhibited higher expression under single-factor, double-factor, and multifactorial stresses, revealing their diverse role in the growth and development of pitaya. Exogenous application of melatonin with known antioxidant and stress-protective properties, was also applied. The expression pattern of RNA-Seq data was validated by RT-qPCR analysis. Based on genome-wide results and transcriptome-based data under multifactorial stresses, we predicted six putative candidate genes (HuSBP2/3/7/10/14/15) that might play diverse roles in pitaya growth and development. These results provide valuable insights into the role of HuSBP genes in pitaya stress tolerance and could be used to develop innovative strategies to create resilient and adaptable pitaya genotypes using conventional breeding and modern biotechnological tools.

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is a widely cultivated legume and an enriched source of edible oil and protein. Membrane Attack Complex/Perforin Domain-Containing Proteins (MACPFs) played significant roles in plant growth and biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we performed a genome-wide scanning for the putative GmMACPFs and a total of 20 GmMACPFs were identified in soybean. The conserved domain and phylogenetic analysis of MACPF showed the evolutionary diversification of MACPF genes family among legumes. The GmMACPFs protein characteristics were predicted, including theoretical molecular weight (38.06 to 68.38 kDa), protein isoelectric point (6.61 to 9.41), subcellular localization (nucleus, cytoplasm or mitochondria) and various TFs binding sites. GmMACPFs are located on 12 chromosomes out of a total 20 chromosomes in soybean. The 2 kb promoter analysis revealed that GmMACPFs contains a large number of phytohormones and stress responsive cis-acting elements (CAE) and transcription factor binding sites. We explored the 3D protein structure of GmMACPFs, their posttranscriptional regulators especially abiotic stress responsive miRNAs, and the evolutionary relationship among different legumes and Arabidopsis. GmMACPFs expression pattern was retrieved from RNA-seq libraries for tissue specific and under various abiotic stresses in soybean. According to the results, GmMACPF genes exhibited spatiotemporal, tissue, development stage and abiotic stress specific expression patterns in soybean. Our RT-qPCR analysis indicates the antagonistic expression pattern between GmmiRNA-GmMACPF modules under cold, salt, drought and heat stresses. Transient over expression of GmmiRNA169o-GmMACPF-9 module in soybean hairy root and biochemical analysis showed that GmmiRNA169o-OE plants accumulated less reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and accumulated higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) to enhance cold stress tolerance. These results enriched our knowledge of the functions of GmmiRNA169o and GmMACPF-9 and provided candidate miRNAs-GmMACPFs modules especially GmmiRNA169o for environmental stress resilient soybean breeding through genetic engineering.

This research presents autoethnography study of a wheelchair-users named Zo during her journey in Bali, Indonesia. Her documentations and field notes are analyzed in four main themes: information accessibility, public facilities accessibility, destinations accessibility as well as cultural and social issues. This research provides personal deeply personal view on her experience, her way to adapt with accessibility issues, as well as multiple accessibility issues that needs to be improved to ensure that all travelers are able to enjoy Bali.

This qualitative study aims to determine and analyze Indonesian students' psychological well-being in Turkey. In addition, it is intended to explore students' experiences when studying in Turkey and reveal what and how vigorous efforts were made to adapt to a new country. The research approach used was phenomenology, which pays more attention to the individual's subjective experience. The researchers then interviewed students who had just lived in Turkey for one year and students who had been in Turkey for more than one year. Hopefully, it could be explored more in aspects of the psychological well-being of students studying in Turkey. The study results highlighted that several elements affected students' psychological well-being during the adaptation period in Turkey, including different food, a quite complicated language to learn, different weather, association with international students, and not easy adaptation on campus. Furthermore, self-defense efforts to stay strong and motivated by new students in Turkey comprised of holding motivational halaqah, visits (monitoring) to new students' residences, maximizing WhatsApp groups, and bringing in motivators from outside.

Pb1−4.75xNd0.5xNi4xZrO3 (where x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05) nanocrystals were synthesized through the micro-emulsion, a wet chemical route. The prepared samples were annealed at 700°C for 3 h. Nanocrystalline samples were characterized by various techniques like XRD (X-rays diffraction), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), SEM (Scanning electron microscopy), dielectric properties, and dc-electrical resistivity. XRD analysis of synthesized nanocrystals confirmed the phase development of orthorhombic perovskite structure. The average measured size of nanocrystals was about 21 nm. Some other parameters like densities (bulk and X-rays) and porosity of the nanomaterials were also calculated from obtained XRD data. The obtained results showed the effect of dopant materials (Nd3+ and Ni2+ metal ions) incorporation. The FTIR spectra elucidated the intrinsic cations vibrations in the characteristic perovskite orthorhombic structure. The SEM results revealed that nano-grains were synthesized successfully and their average observed size was 60 nm. It was observed that with the addition of dopant material, the dielectric parameters like dielectric constant, loss factor, and conductivity were showed an overall decreasing trend. The average calculated value of the ac conductivity at the frequency of 3 GHz was observed as 1.45 × 10−2 (Ω-cm)−1. By using the current–voltage (I–V) characteristics, the dc-electrical resistivity was calculated in the range between 2.68 × 1010 and 4.82 × 1010 Ω-cm. The dc-electrical resistivity was increased with the increase of doping contents.

In this study, the investigations of structural, electronic, optical, and magnetic properties of a scintillating double perovskite halide (Cs2LiCeCl6) by using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method in the framework of density functional theory (DFT) is reported. The optimized lattice constant (a0) is fully consistent with the experimental results, and the ground state optimized energy confirms the cubic (Fm 3¯ m space group) stability of the compound. The electronic band structures and densities of states are analyzed within approximations of PBE-GGA and TB-mBJ to have precise and accurate results. In the spin-up channel the metallic behavior of the compound is confirmed, while in the spin-down channel there is a band gap of 3.83 eV with an indirect nature from Γ-X, so clarifying its behavior towards semiconductors and thus overall making the compound to be half-metallic, and hence, it is clear that the material exhibit spin polarization. The ferromagnetic behavior is verified by the asymmetric density of states in both spin channels and the optimized energy volume curve in spin-polarized calculations. The optical parameters are computed and it is found that the compound Cs2LiCeCl6 possesses high optical conductivity, absorption coefficient and compared in both approximations and analyzed in the energy range of (0–20) eV and hence predict the applications of this material in high-frequency ultraviolet devices and also for particle detection.

The lack of understanding possessed by each parent in equipping children in the face of formal education makes parents tend to ignore children's education. So that through this problem, this community service activity was held by holding seminars for parents to prepare their children to enter elementary school. Thus, the purpose of this devotion is to help parents to be responsive in preparing their children to enter the elementary school level after passing through the kindergarten phase. The method used in this service is Participatory Action Reseacrh with the implementation method in the form of a socialization seminar. The results in this community service show that parents need to prepare or make special savings for children's education costs and choose affordable schools both access and finance as well as other supporting aspects in the school environment such as knowledge, skills, and attitudes.

Background: The current study was designed to investigate the prescribing practice of probiotics to enhance the immunity of patients during COVID-19. Interestingly other than anosmia, nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea are the reported symptoms similar to that of seasonal allergic rhinitis (AR) that led to misdiagnosis and unnecessary anxiety related to invasive diagnostic tests of corona virus. Objectives: The consequent panic can be reduced by strengthening the immunity and addressing the disease having similar signs and symptoms as rhinitis by incorporating the “Probiotics”. Nutritional adequacy improves general health and immunity to prevent and assuage infections. Moreover, the adoption will work to improve the fear. Methodology: The study was conducted through the questionnaire based on International Survey on the Management of Allergic Rhinitis and the targeted population doctors, physicians, nurses and pharmacists were asked about their knowledge of rhinitis and its management via probiotics. In study the patients were also included to respond regarding the management strategies of allergic rhinitis. Results: The analysis revealed a significant correlation between the experience of healthcare providers and the number of rhinitis patients with moderate to severe symptoms seen per week. However low adoptability was observed among patients for probiotics. Conclusion: Probiotics, if accepted by the community, can significantly reduce the frequency of allergic rhinitis by strengthening the immune system. There is a strong imperative to raise awareness among the population about the benefits of adopting this remedy for rhinitis.

Medical imaging has been widely used to diagnose various disorders over the past 20 years. Primary challenges in medicine include accurate disease identification and improved therapies. It is challenging for the medical experts to diagnose diseases using a single imaging modality. The fusion of two or more images obtained from different imaging modalities is known as multi modal image fusion (MMIF).The fused image contains complementary information for all the input images. The main objective of MMIF is to obtain complementary information (structural and spectral) from input images to improve the quality and clear assessment of medical related problems. The aim of fusion process is not only to reduced the amount of data but construct image having more useful and complementary information which are understandable for human and computer. This review provides a detailed overview of: (i) medical imaging modalities, (ii) multimodal medical image databases, (iii) MMIF steps/rules, (iv) MMIF methods, (v) modalities integration, (vi) performance evaluation and empirical results, (vii) current modalities strengths and limitations, and (viii) future directions. This review is expected to be useful in establishing a solid foundation for the development of more valuable medical image fusion methods for clinical diagnosis. This review presented the detailed studies on the multimodal databases, research trends in imaging modality grouping, and fusion steps which are the critical areas in MMIF. Furthermore, current challenges and future directions are thoroughly discussed.