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Modern Plant Breeding Techniques in Crop Improvement and Genetic Diversity: From Molecular Markers and Gene Editing to Artificial Intelligence—A Critical Review

Authors :
Lixia Sun
Mingyu Lai
Fozia Ghouri
Muhammad Amjad Nawaz
Fawad Ali
Faheem Shehzad Baloch
Muhammad Azhar Nadeem
Muhammad Aasim
Muhammad Qasim Shahid
Source :
Plants, Vol 13, Iss 19, p 2676 (2024)
Publication Year :
2024
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2024.

Abstract

With the development of new technologies in recent years, researchers have made significant progress in crop breeding. Modern breeding differs from traditional breeding because of great changes in technical means and breeding concepts. Whereas traditional breeding initially focused on high yields, modern breeding focuses on breeding orientations based on different crops’ audiences or by-products. The process of modern breeding starts from the creation of material populations, which can be constructed by natural mutagenesis, chemical mutagenesis, physical mutagenesis transfer DNA (T-DNA), Tos17 (endogenous retrotransposon), etc. Then, gene function can be mined through QTL mapping, Bulked-segregant analysis (BSA), Genome-wide association studies (GWASs), RNA interference (RNAi), and gene editing. Then, at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and translational levels, the functions of genes are described in terms of post-translational aspects. This article mainly discusses the application of the above modern scientific and technological methods of breeding and the advantages and limitations of crop breeding and diversity. In particular, the development of gene editing technology has contributed to modern breeding research.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
22237747
Volume :
13
Issue :
19
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Plants
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.8eb832edfa04adebd783baf069a8662
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13192676