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Objective: This study was designed to determine the molecular prevalence of hemoparasites and their associations with Mafriwal cattle's age groups. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were taken from the coccygeal veins of calves (n = 92), yearlings (n = 95), lactating (n = 90), and dry (n = 94) cows, which were subjected to microscopic and molecular identification of hemoparasites. The prevalence rate was determined based on the proportion of infected samples in the observed samples. Associations between hemoparasitism and different age groups of Mafriwal cattle were determined by the odds ratio and Fisher's exact test. Results: Babesia bigemina was the most prevalent hemoparasite in monospecies infection (20.8%), while the co-infection of Anaplasma marginale and B. bigemina (36.4%) had the highest molecular prevalence. Highly significant associations of hemoparasitism were observed between calves and yearlings (p < 0.001, Odds ratio = 21.340, 95% CI = 3.200–907.871), lactating (p < 0.01, Odds ratio = 6.600, 95% CI = 1.808–36.516), and dry (p < 0.001, Odds ratio = 10.457, 95% CI = 2.363–96.242) cows. Nevertheless, calves and yearlings were 2–4 times more likely to be co-in¬fected with multiple hemoparasite species in comparison to older age groups. Conclusion: Mafriwal cattle were more susceptible to hemoparasitism with advancing age, but the younger calves were more prone to be co-infected with multiple hemoparasite species. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2024; 11(2.000): 384-391]

Abstract Aims Heart failure (HF) is a growing health problem, yet there are limited data on patients with HF in Malaysia. The Malaysian Heart Failure (MY‐HF) Registry aims to gain insights into the epidemiology, aetiology, management, and outcome of Malaysian patients with HF and identify areas for improvement within the national HF services. Methods and results The MY‐HF Registry is a 3‐year prospective, observational study comprising 2717 Malaysian patients admitted for acute HF. We report the description of baseline data at admission and outcomes of index hospitalization of these patients. The mean age was 60.2 ± 13.6 years, 66.8% were male, and 34.3% had de novo HF. Collectively, 55.7% of patients presented with New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III or IV; ischaemic heart disease was the most frequent aetiology (63.2%). Most admissions (87.3%) occurred via the emergency department, with 13.7% of patients requiring intensive care, and of these, 21.8% needed intubation. The proportion of patients receiving guideline‐directed medical therapy increased at discharge (84.2% vs. 93.6%). The median length of stay (LOS) was 5 days, and in‐hospital mortality was 2.9%. Predictors of LOS and/or in‐hospital mortality were age, NYHA class, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and comorbid anaemia. LOS and in‐hospital mortality were similar regardless of ejection fraction. Conclusions The MY‐HF Registry showed that the HF population in Malaysia is younger, predominantly male, and ischaemic‐driven and has good prospects with hospitalization for optimization of treatment. These findings suggest a need to reassess current clinical practice and guide resource allocation to improve patient outcomes.

Key Clinical Message Pauci‐immune necrotizing glomerulonephritis (PING) is a small vessel renal vasculitis usually associated with the presence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) against myeloperoxidase or proteinase. A small proportion of PING patients do not have ANCA antibodies. Abstract A condition known as Pauci‐immune necrotizing glomerulonephritis, or PING for short, is a type of kidney inflammation that affects small blood vessels. This condition is typically linked with the existence of certain antibodies, specifically antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies or ANCA, which target myeloperoxidase or proteinase. However, it's worth noting that a minor percentage of individuals diagnosed with PING do not possess these ANCA antibodies. A 24‐year‐old woman with no previous medical history arrived at the ER due to various symptoms including joint pain, fever, difficulty swallowing, and shortness of breath. Despite multiple symptoms suggesting systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), this diagnosis was ruled out based on the EULAR/ACR 2019 classification criteria and laboratory tests. Other potential diagnoses such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and eosinophilic garnulomatosis with polyaniitis (EGPA) were also excluded based on respective criteria. The patient was treated with a 3‐day course of methylprednisolone, followed by prednisolone, which improved her creatinine levels. Subsequent tests for P‐ANCA and C‐ANCA were negative. A kidney biopsy confirmed necrotizing glomerulonephritis, consistent with pauci‐immune vasculitis. A bronchoscopy revealed bleeding and hemorrhage in her lungs, but bacterial culture analysis was negative. The patient was given piperacillin, tazobactam, and vancomycin for septic coverage, as well as intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), which led to symptom improvement.

The purpose of this research is to look UAS and UAH da’wah rhetoric to conveying da’wah messages in the public through YouTube media. The researchers examines using Aristotle's rhetorical theory. This type of study is digital research method, especially using YouTube as metadata. YouTube is the most successful accessed media. The methodology has two modules, a video discovery and a video meta-data collection.This study found three important findings.First, ethos dimension, UAS and UAH both have equal credibility in terms of their knowledge in the fields of monotheism, fiqh, worship, and morals. The difference lies in the power of expertise they have. UAS has slank vocabulary, experts in making analogies, and proficient in placing spontaneous humor. While UAH can be seen from his mastery of the semantics and thematics of the Qur'an as well as the location and position of the verses of the Qur'an. Second, pathos dimension, UAS and UAH both touch the emotions of the audience and spread love using advice and prayers. Last, logos dimension, UAS and UAH both have historical knowledge, ability to make analogies, create fiction, abstract experiences, and logical abilities.

Abstract The recycling processes of aquaponic waste into fertilizers are highly dependent on the type and activity of nitrifying bacteria in the system. This study aims to find indigenous nitrifiers to enhance nutrient recovery in an aquaponics system. Twelve indigenous nitrifiers consisting of ammonia and nitrite‐degrading bacteria were isolated from a local earthen pond of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and two isolates (AQ4 and AQ12) were selected due to their highest capacity to degrade either ammonia or nitrate respectively. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, these isolates were identified as Marinobacter nauticus (AQ4) with 98.64% similarity, and Bacillus sp. (AQ12) with 99.89% similarity. When these bacterial isolates were applied in aquaponics systems with bacterial enhancement (aquaponicsBE), the nutrient recovery was significantly higher compared to the control (aquaponicsctrl), indicated by a 500 g higher total harvested biomass. With a significance value of p

Microbial communities have been documented as playing many pivotal roles, and contributing to the growth or health performance of animal hosts. Thus, many studies are currently looking for potential beneficial bacteria “probiotics” from diverse environments, including wild species. The present study aimed to investigate the diversity and potential metabolic functions of bacterial communities in the gastrointestinal tract of wild spiny lobsters. The gastrointestinal (GI) tracts of two wild lobster species (Panulirus ornatus and Panulirus homarus) were dissected aseptically and analyzed through high-throughput sequencing, followed by PICRUSt analysis. The results exposed that the most dominant phyla inhabiting both lobster species at the post-puerulus and juvenile stages were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteriodota, Patescibacteria, and Verrucomicrobiota, while at the genus level, the GI tracts were mostly dominated by Photobacterium, Candidatus Bacillopora, Vibrio, and Catenococcus at the post-peurulus stage, and Vibrio, Catenococcus, Acanthopleuribacter, Acinetobacter, Pseudoalteromonas, Grimontia, and Photobacterium at the juvenile stage. Further metagenomic prediction analysis discovers many potential probiont properties indicated by the detection of marker genes corresponding to many important metabolic activities, such as antimicrobial compounds (streptomycin, vancomycin, carbapenem, tetracycline, novobiocin, penicillin, cephalosporin, ansamycines, butirosin, and neomycin), antioxidants (e.g., flavonoids and carotenoids), and several important digestive enzymes (e.g., lipase, protease, and amylase). These results suggest that GI tracts of wild spiny lobsters are potential sources to discover novel probionts for aquaculture purposes. Further studies, such as the isolation of the natural product-producing bacteria, or cloning of the beneficial compound-identified genes, are highly recommended to develop novel probiotic strains for aquaculture purposes.

Many studies have shown that public criticism of the low quality of public services has occurred everywhere, from top-level to lower-level government services. This circumstance is also possible in the regional Government of Aceh Singkil Regency. The Indonesian government, including Aceh Singkil Regency, used e-government—the use of technology for information and communication in government administration—to address the problem of poor public service. This article examines the effect of work motivation and quality of e-government on service quality by considering the mediating effects of employee satisfaction on employees. This type of research is quantitative associative by using a convenience sampling technique from a sample of 103 Civil Servants in the Government of Aceh Singkil Regency. Data was collected using a reliable and validated Likert scale questionnaire. The classical assumption test was then analyzed by The classical assumption test was subsequently examined through the statistical Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis using Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS), and the Sobel test was applied to analyzing the acquired data—additionally, reviews of the literature assisted in gathering the data process. The study’s results demonstrate a positive and significant influence on the work motivation variable, the partial effect of e-government quality on job satisfaction and service quality. There is no effect of job satisfaction on service quality. The job satisfaction variable, either directly or as a mediating variable, has yet to be able to contribute to service quality.

This study aims to analyze: (1) Knowing personality types, (2) Results from AKM Numeracy, and (3) Misconceptions about AKM Numeracy based on personality types based on student personality types. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research with a case study design. The data collection technique was done by giving personality questionnaires and AKM Numerical test questions. The results showed that: (1) The tendency of personality types in extroverted students was 36%, and the other 64% had introverted tendencies, (2) The results of completing the AKM Numeracy test had the highest percentage in the misconception category, namely 50.40%, 26.20 % understand the concept, and the other 23.20% do not understand the concept, (3) Misconceptions in AKM Numeracy based on student personality types, shows that the highest misconceptions are found in students with extrovert personality types, with an average percentage of 55.80%, while students with introverted personality types have a percentage of 51.25%. Factors causing these misconceptions include acquiring student answers, studying habits, and the learning media used.

Ruqyah is a prayer therapy used for specific treatments, which consists of a particular series of readings from the sources of the verses of the Qur’an and the hadith of the Prophet Muhamad SAW. Imam Qurtubi believed that ‘ruqyah quraniyah’ therapy could contribute to healing physical and spiritual ailments. The resonance effect on the ruqyah therapy of the verses of the Qur’an has a tremendous impact on each reading that is heard (voiced) for various objects. The Research question in this research is how the effectiveness of using ruqyah quraniyah on the effect of brain waves on the healing of Tourette syndrome patients at dr.Sardjito Yogyakarta? This study uses a qualitative method with an experimental phenomenological approach. The experimental stage stimulated it with a variant of the codification of the ruqyah verses in the form of ‘Hizb Bahr,’ which was tested on pediatric neurology patients for eight weeks so that the patient’s brain memory records resulted in refraction and habits. This result indicates that patients with TS change to improve along with psychological conditions that can be calmed by listening to the beauty of the ‘Hizb Bahr’ in daily life for eight consecutive weeks. The state of listening to the beauty of reading the Qur’an in this ‘ruqyah quraniyah’ codification model essentially conditions the patient’s brain waves at the alpha level. No frontal beta makes the patient perform reflex activities as long as his psychological state is calm and controlled.

As a result of not implementing the voluntary child custody decision, the next legal remedy is the execution of child custody which can have a negative impact on the child's psyche. As a solution to this problem, the judge can decide on the dwangsom in the child custody decision. However, dwangsom becomes a legal problem when it is not contained in the petitum but appears in the ruling as stated in the decision Number 8/Pdt.G/2020/MS-BNa. The focus of this research is a juridical review and analysis of Aristotle's theory of justice on the application of dwangsom to the decision. This research is a normative juridical research using a law approach and a case approach. The primary legal source is decision Number 8/Pdt.G/2020/MS-BNa. and secondary sources of law, namely laws relating to the procedural law of the Religious Courts, books and journals related to Aristotelian justice, child custody, ultra petita and dwangsom principles. The data of this study were obtained through documentation and analyzed by Aristotle's theory of justice. The results of the juridical review on the decision contradict Article 178 paragraph (3) HIR / Article 189 paragraph (3) RBg, Article 50 Rv, SEMA Decision Number 3 of 2018, and Jurisprudence number 1001 K/Sip/1972. The judge's considerations in deciding the case Number 8/Pdt.G/2020/MS-BNa have met the criteria of Aristotle's corrective justice, namely there is a violation of rights that should be obtained, there are efforts to correct (return) rights, losses can be measured, corrections can be measured, and on a proportional basis.

Learning resources in the form of textbooks and LKS often make students feel bored during learning activities, because these two learning sources often only contain formulas and material, without any comprehensive explanation of mathematical concepts. Therefore, there is a need for innovation in the learning resources used in schools. This research is aimed at developing handouts for class VIII on flat sided of three-dimensional material based on the Realistic Mathematics Learning approach. This type of research is research and development (Research and Development) with the 4-D model development method by Thiagarajan, namely: 1) Define, 2) Design, 3) Develop, and 4) Disseminate. The results of the material expert's validation of the handout showed an average value of 0.8106 with high validity criteria and was declared feasible. The results of the media expert's validation of the handout showed an average value of 0.8698 with high validity criteria and was declared feasible. From the post-test results of the experimental class, it was found that almost all students passed. The results of the Independent Sample T-Test at the testing stage for the use of the experimental class showed a value of 0.034, thus a significance value of

The study aims to explore and review the scientific documents published in the pandemic covid-19 and tourism sector. The bibliometric analysis was used to collect and analyze scientific documents in the Web of Science database. The analysis used the R program to get information and map the main idea related to contributors in different objects, including the authors, institution, country and publication source, thematic mapping of the paper in covid-19 and tourism sector. The finding discovers 791 scientific documents and 320 sources. The finding emphasizes that the research topic in pandemic covid-19 and tourism sector is generally given information and benefit.

A major drawback associated with an expression of a high-level Plasmodium Lactate Dehydrogenase (pLDH) using Escherichia coli is the low solubility due to the formation of an inclusion body (IB). This study aimed to develop a suitable protocol for enhancing the solubility of pLDH expressed in E. coli. Firstly, a pLDH-encoding gene was amplified from the blood sample of malaria-infected patients and ligated into pBlueScript II KS+ for sequencing. Afterward, the pLDH gene was digested and cloned into pColdTF for expression. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into the E. coli BL21 (DE3) RIPL Codon Plus Strain. Then, the bacterial host was initially cultured at 37°C until reaching optical density (OD) at 600 nm: 0.5. Thereafter, the growth temperature was lowered to 15°C, followed by the addition of 0.1 mM IPTG into the culture medium for inducing pLDH expression. Thereafter, the bacterial hosts were cultured in a cold-stirred bioreactor (15°C). The result showed that a combination of the low culture conditions (15°C) and a low amount of IPTG increased the solubility of pLDH. This result suggests that this protocol can be a convenient method for generating high-quality recombinant protein using the E. coli system.

Objective: The main objective of this study is to design a synthetic vaccine from the binder of sperm-1 (BSP1). Materials and Methods: This study was carried out using bioinformatics-related techniques. BSP-1 has been chosen as one of the biomarkers of a ruminant's male fertility. We hypothesize that the BSP1 synthetic vaccines, which contain T-cell epitopes, can produce antibodies more effectively for the development of a sperm fertility detection kit. A sequence of BSP-1 peptides A0A0K1YXR5 from Bubalus bubalis (Domestic water buffalo) origin has been decided to be used to develop the peptide vaccine. Results: In this study, we succeeded in making synthetic vaccines from BSP-1 with a peptide sequence of LPEDSVPDEERVFPFTYRNRKHF. The three-dimensional theoretical prediction analy¬sis of the peptide binding pattern to its ligand, as well as the molecular docking, has also been revealed. Conclusions: A synthetic vaccine from the BSP-1 has been developed in this study with the amino acid sequence LPEDSVPDEERVFPFTYRNRKHF, which is buffer-soluble, and the three-dimensional theoretical prediction analysis of the peptide binding pattern of BSP-1 to its ligand, as well as molecular docking, has also been revealed. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2022; 9(1.000): 122-127]

The Wasatiyyah of Islam has been described as the value of moderation in Islam, emphasizing justice, balance, and tolerance. The Quran and al-Hadith contain these values, but they are often misunderstood and misapplied. The pesantren or Islamic boarding school, is an educational institution close to the community and it plays a key role in instilling the moderate values of Islam. This article aims at discussing the moderation of Islam in relation to other religions and religious communities as taught through the hadith and as understood among the teachers and students of three pesantrens in central Java. It investigates the teachers’ and students’ views of Islam as a religion among other religions, and their attitudes as the pesantren community toward other religious believers. It combines textual research employing a mukhtalif al-hadiṡ approach and living or lived hadith research. It argues that the hadiths on inter-religious relationship are understood as a necessity to be just towards faith, which means that one should believe that his own faith is correct but should keep tolerant towards other faiths. This means giving others the right to choose and implement their own faiths, behaving in a balanced way, and conducting healthy competition in various fields, especially the proselytization or dawah. With this textual understanding, the students have generally been quite well informed about the values of Islamic moderation and they seek to apply it in their religious and social life. The students have learned about the hadiths on interreligious relations and the moderate values primarily from their teachers although they have read directly from books and sometimes from social media. Wasatiyyah Islam digambarkan sebagai nilai moderasi dalam Islam, menekankan keadilan, keseimbangan, dan toleransi. Al-Qur'an dan al-Hadis mengandung nilai-nilai ini, tetapi sering disalahpahami dan diterapkan secara salah. Pesantren merupakan lembaga pendidikan yang dekat dengan masyarakat dan berperan penting dalam menanamkan nilai-nilai moderat Islam. Artikel ini bertujuan membahas moderasi Islam dalam kaitannya dengan agama dan umat beragama lain sebagaimana diajarkan melalui hadis dan sebagaimana dipahami para guru dan santri di tiga pesantren di Jawa Tengah. Artikel ini menyelidiki pandangan siswa tentang Islam sebagai agama di antara agama-agama lain, dan sikap mereka sebagai komunitas pesantren terhadap pemeluk agama lain. Ini menggabungkan penelitian tekstual yang menggunakan pendekatan mukhtalif al-hadiṡ dan penelitian hadits hidup (living or lived hadith). Artikel ini berargumen bahwa hadis-hadis tentang hubungan antarumat beragama dipahami sebagai keharusan untuk bersikap adil terhadap keimanan, yang berarti bahwa seseorang harus percaya bahwa imannya sendiri benar tetapi harus tetap toleran terhadap agama lain. Ini artinya memberikan hak kepada orang lain untuk memilih dan menjalankan keyakinannya sendiri, berperilaku seimbang, dan melakukan persaingan yang sehat di berbagai bidang, terutama dakwah. Dengan pemahaman tekstual ini, para santri secara umum telah terinformasi dengan baik tentang nilai-nilai moderasi Islam dan mereka terus menerapkannya dalam kehidupan keagamaan dan sosial mereka. Para siswa telah belajar tentang hadits tentang hubungan antaragama dan nilai-nilai moderat terutama dari guru mereka meskipun mereka telah membaca langsung dari buku dan kadang-kadang dari media sosial.

BackgroundEstimation of the economic burden of heart failure (HF) through a complete evaluation is essential for improved treatment planning in the future. This estimation also helps in reimbursement decisions for newer HF treatments. This study aims to estimate the cost of HF treatment in Malaysia from the Ministry of Health’s perspective.Materials and methodsA prevalence-based, bottom-up cost analysis study was conducted in three tertiary hospitals in Malaysia. Chronic HF patients who received treatment between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2018 were included in the study. The direct cost of HF was estimated from the patients’ healthcare resource utilisation throughout a one-year follow-up period extracted from patients’ medical records. The total costs consisted of outpatient, hospitalisation, medications, laboratory tests and procedure costs, categorised according to ejection fraction (EF) and the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification.ResultsA total of 329 patients were included in the study. The mean ± standard deviation of total cost per HF patient per-year (PPPY) was USD 1,971 ± USD 1,255, of which inpatient cost accounted for 74.7% of the total cost. Medication costs (42.0%) and procedure cost (40.8%) contributed to the largest proportion of outpatient and inpatient costs. HF patients with preserved EF had the highest mean total cost of PPPY, at USD 2,410 ± USD 1,226. The mean cost PPPY of NYHA class II was USD 2,044 ± USD 1,528, the highest among all the functional classes. Patients with underlying coronary artery disease had the highest mean total cost, at USD 2,438 ± USD 1,456, compared to other comorbidities. HF patients receiving angiotensin-receptor neprilysin-inhibitor (ARNi) had significantly higher total cost of HF PPPY in comparison to patients without ARNi consumption (USD 2,439 vs. USD 1,933, p < 0.001). Hospitalisation, percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary angiogram, and comorbidities were the cost predictors of HF.ConclusionInpatient cost was the main driver of healthcare cost for HF. Efficient strategies for preventing HF-related hospitalisation and improving HF management may potentially reduce the healthcare cost for HF treatment in Malaysia.

This study aims to determine the quality of the mathematics test items at high school in terms of validity, reliability, differentiation, difficulty level, and distractor effectiveness. This study is an evaluation type of research with a quantitative approach. The subjects in this study were 44 class XII students of SMKN 3 Kuningan and 39 class XII students of SMAN 1 Jalaksana. The results show that the majority (96.67%) of the items are declared valid in content by the experts. The test has very high reliability (0.90). The items have the ideal difficulty level. Most of the questions (70%) have medium difficulty, a few questions (6.67%) are very easy, and a few questions (20%) are difficult, and (3.3%) are very difficult. Most of the items (83.33%) have good discriminating power, and only a few questions (16.67%) have poor discriminating power. Most (90%) of the questions have a well-functioning answer choice, and only a few questions (10%) have the answer choice not functioning properly. Overall, this study can be concluded that the Mathematics Test Questions at SMKN 3 Kuningan are of good quality.

In the process of learning mathematics, especially geometry, teachers must pay attention to the level of ability possessed by students. Van Hiele suggests that there are five stages of thinking that students will go through in learning geometry: the visualization stage, the analysis stage, the informal deduction stage, the deduction stage, and the rigor stage. Each stage of thinking will be passed by students sequentially without passing any of the previous stages. This study aimed to identify and describe the geometric thinking stages of high school students. The first is based on van Hiele's theory. The research method used in this research is descriptive quantitative. This research was conducted at MTs (Madrasah Tsanawiyah) An-Nur, Cirebon City, with a population of 318 students and a sample of 72 students selected using a purposive sampling technique. The data collection technique used is in the form of a Van Hiele geometric thinking stage test with 25 multiple choice questions divided into five subtests. The results showed that 29.17% of students were in stage 1 (visualization), 25% of students were in stage 2 (analysis), and 6.94% of students were in stage 3 (informal deduction). There are still students who have not entered the van Hiele geometric thinking stage (at stage 0), namely 13.89%. As for the students who could not determine their van Hiele geometric thinking stage, as many as 25%. The highest stage achieved by students was stage 3 (informal deduction), so no student reached stage 4 (deduction) and stage 5 (rigor). In general, the geometric thinking stage of MTs (Madrasah Tsanawiyah) An-Nur students is at stage 1 of van Hiele's geometric thinking.

Agama, dalam arti luas, sebagai sumber etika dan spiritualitas, tidak lagi dipandang sebelah mata oleh kaum terpelajar dan pengambil kebijakan publik. Hal ini diperlihatkan dengan adanya “desekularisasi” sebagai proses menghidupkan kembali nilai-nilai sakral di dunia yang dianggap sekuler. Selain aliran kebatinan atau kepercayaan seperti di Indonesia, di mana ada pengaruh kuat negara dan masyarakat penganut agama-agama dunia, sebagian besar penduduk bumi terus mencari spiritualitas meskipun tanpa agama formal.

The tropical anguillid eel, Anguilla bicolor McCelland, 1844, includes two subspecies, Anguilla bicolor bicolor McCelland, 1844 and Anguilla bicolor pacifica Schmidt, 1928, and is distributed across the Indo-Pacific region. Although A. bicolor is widely distributed and recognized as an important fish resource in the Indo-Pacific region, few studies have been conducted on its genetic variation and population structure. DNA barcoding of A. bicolor specimens collected in the Indo-Pacific region was carried out in this study using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I. Anguilla bicolor was found to diverge genetically, which supported its classification into two different subspecies. In addition, our study showed that A. bicolor bicolor had two genetically distinct populations/groups, and these different populations co-occur geographically in Indonesia and Malaysia in the eastern Indian Ocean. Our findings suggest that the eel larvae might be transported from at least two geographically different spawning grounds in the Indian Ocean, and then recruited to and settled in the same habitats in Indonesian and Malaysian waters. The molecular evidence calls for further research on the life history, stock assessment and protection of the populations of A. bicolor bicolor in Indonesia and Malaysia.

Background: The alternative device to close perimembranous ventricular septal defect (pmVSD) has been searched for better result, less complications and applicable for infants. However, the ideal device is still unavailable. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and outcome of transcatheter pmVSD closure using the KONAR-multi functional occluder (MFO). Methods: Clinical, procedural, follow-up data of pmVSD patients with symptom of heart failure or evidence of significant left to right shunt, growth failure, recurrent respiratory tract infection, and history of endocarditis who underwent transcatheter closure using the MFO were prospectively evaluated. Results: Between January 2016 and December 2017, there were complete records of 132 pmVSD children closed using MFO from eleven centers in Indonesia. The median of age was 4.5 (0.3–17.4) years; weight 14.8 (3.5–57) kg, defect size at the smallest part 3.4 (1.0–8.1) mm, flow ratio 1.6 (1.3–4.9), mean pulmonary artery pressure 18 (7–79) mmHg, fluoroscopy time 18 (3.8–91) and procedural time 75 (26–290) minutes. A retrograde approach was done in 41 (31%) patients. Procedures succeeded in first attempt in 126 (95.4%), failed in three and migration in three patients. Six of eight infants with congestive heart failure were closed successfully. Of 126 patients with successful VSD closure, 12 months follow-up were completed in all patients. The rate of complete occlusion at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after intervention were 95.2%, 97.6%, 99.2%, and 99.2%, respectively. New-onset aortic regurgitation and moderate tricuspid regurgitation developed only in five and three patients. Neither complete atrioventricular block, nor other complications occurred. Conclusion: Transcatheter closure of pmVSD using the MFO is safe, effective, and feasible in infants and children.

Abstract: Luck as the Ethical Foundation for State Financial Manager. This research seeks to build a personal concept of fortune for state financial managers using Malay culture. This research uses a spiritualist research design to build a person of a successful state financial manager. The results show that the person with luck is oriented towards the highest human consciousness, namely piety (having the ultimate goal of returning to God with a holy and calm soul). In addition, the authors also offer prophetic ethics as a solution to build state financial manager ethics which has been built based only on material aspects.

The diversity of religions necessitates the recognition and respect of religions other than ours. Islam is a religion that is peaceful and full of love. The spread of radicalism in religious communities in Indonesia illustrates the lack of tolerance in the recognition of religious diversity and the religious diversity of others. This literary research uses a qualitative approach with content analysis and comprehensive interpretation for the Qur'anic text about reciprocity verses. This study concludes that the Qur'an provides enthusiasm and solutions in terms of management and counteracts religious radicalism in the spirit of 'mutual'. Recitation of reciprocal verses as illustrated by the Quran with the editorial and unique arrangement of language in the al-Nisa’ verse 86 and al-An'am verse 108 provides a 'mutual' solution. The principle of mutual respect (al-Nisa ': 86) and not berating each other (al-An'am: 108) with a better attitude in religious life.

Rural-urban social inequality is a problem that must be solved to achieve prosperity and economic justice that is desired by all human beings. Efforts to overcome the problem are to create and carry out the Program of Marine and Fisheries Innovation Village which is a program of marine and fisheries community empowerment to be able to take advantage of technology and innovation as an effort to improve their lives. Limited budget and resources cause not all villages that are partners in community service at the Sorong Marine and Fisheries Polytechnic can be turned into Marine and Fisheries Innovation Villages. This research was conducted to determine the priority ranking of villages to be selected and to carry out innovation and technology interventions according to the predetermined criteria. Decision making in this marine and fisheries innovation village requires a systematic and accurate method using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). In the case study, the selection of the innovation village program was carried out at three locations in the Sorong area (Walal Village, Rimbapala Village, and Pulau Raam Village). The criteria used in the selection of alternative innovation villages were: 1) having local government support, 2) community response, 3) having superior fishery commodities, 4) accessibility, and 5) in accordance with the resources owned by the KP Sorong Polytechnic. The results obtained based on the AHP method were Raam Island 58,7%, Walal 21,9%, and Rimbapala 19,4%. The conclusion is that the village selected as the innovation village is Raam Island with the highest score of 58,7%. Keywords: alternatives, analytical hierarchy process, criteria, innovation village, options

The global evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is known to all. The diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia is expected to worsen, and mortality will be higher when combined with myocardial injury (MI). The combination of novel coronavirus infections in patients with MI can cause confusion in diagnosis and assessment, with each condition exacerbating the other, and increasing the complexity and difficulty of treatment. It would be a formidable challenge for clinical practice to deal with this situation. Therefore, this review aims to gather literature on the progress in managing MI related to SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. This article reviews the definition, pathogenesis, clinical evaluation, management, and treatment plan for MI related to SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia based on the most recent literature, diagnosis, and treatment trial reports. Many studies have shown that early diagnosis and implementation of targeted treatment measures according to the different stages of disease can reduce the mortality rate among patients with MI related to SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. The reviewed studies show that multiple strategies have been adopted for the management of MI related to COVID-19. Clinicians should closely monitor SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia patients with MI, as their condition can rapidly deteriorate and progress to heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, and/or cardiogenic shock. In addition, appropriate measures need to be implemented in the diagnosis and treatment to provide reasonable care to the patient.

This longitudinal study investigated the impact of different Frequency Patterns (FP) on the syntactic production of a six-year-old EFL learner in a home context. Target syntactic constructions were presented using games and plays and were traced for their occurrence patterns in input and output. Following each instruction period, the constructions were measured through immediate and delayed oral tests for their effects on the oral production. Instructional and measurement sessions were audio-recorded and transcribed into instruction and measurement corpora. Based on their occurrence rates in input and output, target constructions were categorized into High Input/High Output (HIHO), Low Input/Low Output (LILO), High Input/Low Output (HILO), and Low Input/High Output (LIHO) frequency patterns. Friedman procedure revealed significant differences among the learner’s production scores of the constructions with varying FPs. Wilcoxon signed-rank test located significant differences between the constructions with LILO and HIHO and those with HILO and HIHO frequency patterns. The study found that HIHO frequency pattern, in comparison, was the most efficient in developing productive acquisition of syntactic constructions by an EFL young learner. That is to say, instructor's input coupled with learner's output in the form of prompted, reformulated or spontaneous language, played a key part in heightening syntactic production of English as a foreign language. The findings can cast more light on the constantly debated issue of Teacher Talk Time (TTT) and Student Talk Time (STT) and it can be concluded that there should be a balance between TTT and STT so as to yield optimal L2 production gains.

The unique characteristics of patients with acute coronary syndrome in the Asia-Pacific region mean that international guidelines on the use of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) cannot be routinely applied to these populations. Newer generation P2Y12 inhibitors (i.e. ticagrelor and prasugrel) have demonstrated improved clinical outcomes compared with clopidogrel. However, low numbers of Asian patients participated in pivotal studies and few regional studies comparing DAPTs have been conducted. This article aims to summarise current evidence on the use of newer generation P2Y12 inhibitors in Asian patients with acute coronary syndrome and provide recommendations to assist clinicians, especially cardiologists, in selecting a DAPT regimen. Guidance is provided on the management of ischaemic and bleeding risks, including duration of therapy, switching strategies and the management of patients with ST-elevation and non-ST-elevation MI or those requiring surgery. In particular, the need for an individualised DAPT regimen and considerations relating to switching, de-escalating, stopping or continuing DAPT beyond 12 months are discussed.

Indonesia and Malaysia offer comparative perspectives concerning the relationship between loyalties to the Muslim umma, local ethnicity, and the modern nation-state, and how interpretations of the sharia and modern constitution, laws, politics, and policies intersect in multiple and changing ways. This article seeks to compare and contrast some of the contemporary discourses on sharia and citizenship as demonstrated by Indonesian and Malaysian scholars, politicians, and activists. Both Indonesian and Malaysian constitutions were born out of the modern notion of citizenship that recognizes religious diversity. On the one hand, the Constitution of Indonesia does not specify Islam as the state religion, but the government promotes official religions. On the other hand, the Constitution of Malaysia makes it explicit that Islam is the state religion while recognizing religious diversity. The Indonesian government does not conflate particular ethnicity with Islam, whereas Malaysia integrates Islam and Malay ethnicity amidst Malaysian religious and ethnic plurality. Both cases prevent us from categorizing each case as either an Islamic legal conservatism or a modern legal liberalism. These two cases resist the binary opposition between sharia conservatism deemed against citizenship and modern legal liberalism deemed against religious laws. There are ambiguities, contradictions, as well as compromises and integration between conflicting ideas and systems concerning Islam and citizenship.

Ministry of Rural Regulation No. 6 Year 2014 about rural area said that the rural area has grown so it needs to be protected and empowered to be strong, advanced, independent, and democratic area, so as to create a strong foundation to implement governance and development towards a fair, affluent, and prosperous society. In fact, the equitable distribution of infrastructure and suprastructure is not evenly distributed in each village. This can be seen from the Rural Developing Index (IDM) stating the status of rural area development progress. Based on the IDM of Indonesia in 2015, that 45.57% (33,592 villages) were underdeveloped villages and 18.25% (13,453 villages) were very under-developed villages out of a total of 73,709 villages in Indonesia. The Village Head's job is to lead the administration of the Village Government. This study aims to determine the effect of Self-Leadership and Achievement Motivation Training on the Performance of Village Head in Gunung Kidul Regency of Yogyakarta Province. Based on the result of hypothesis testing by using Anova Repeated Measure, where the result shows that F = 11186,541 with significance level 0,000 (p

Ma’in hot springs are known as sites of balneotherapy. However, little is known about their microbiology and chemistry. In this study, we aim at evaluating the antimicrobial activity of Ma’in hot-springs water (MHSW), studying its microbiology, and determining its physicochemical properties including the heavy metals content. Therefore, water samples were collected from Ma’in hot springs and tested for antimicrobial activity using agar diffusion method. Water was then cultivated on nutrient agar to isolate and identify the dominant bacteria by chemical and molecular methods. The identified strains were tested by cross streak method to evaluate their antimicrobial activity against different clinical and standard strains. Finally, water samples were chemically analyzed and the heavy-metals content was assessed. Results revealed that MHSW was not active against any of the clinical isolates. Nevertheless, MHSW was found to be active against five standard bacterial strains, namely, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 (inhibition zone: 20 mm), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (inhibition zone: 19 mm), Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341 (inhibition zone: 15.3 mm), and Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778 (inhibition zone: 12.3 mm). After cultivation of MHSW, five bacterial isolates were obtained and identified based on 16S rRNA gene analysis as new strains of Anoxybacillus flavithermus (identity percentage ranges between 96–99%). Physicochemical analysis revealed that the in situ temperature was 59 °C, pH was 7.8, salinity was 1.6 ppt, and dissolved oxygen was 3.8 mg l−1. In respect to heavy-metals content in MHSW, the following metals were present in the order: Cr (0.571 ppm) > Mn(0.169 ppm) > Fe (0.124 ppm) > Zn (0.095) > Cu(0.070 ppm) > Ni(0.058 ppm) > Cd (0.023 ppm) > Pb (0 ppm). Cd, Cr, Ni and Mn were found to be higher than permissible levels set by international organizations and countries. This study highlights new chemical and microbiological data about Ma’in hot springs. Keywords: Ma’in hot springs, Antimicrobial activity, Heavy metals, Water microbiology, Thermophilic bacteria, Balneotherapy

Background: A new generation P2Y12 receptor inhibitor (ticagrelor) is recommended in current therapeutic guidelines to treat patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). However, it is unknown if ticagrelor is more effective than clopidogrel in elderly patients. Therefore, a systematic review was done to assess the effectiveness and safety of ticagrelor and clopidogrel in older patients with CHD to determine the appropriate antiplatelet treatment plan. Methodology: We performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the effectiveness and safety of ticagrelor vs. clopidogrel in elderly patients with CHD. We selected eligible RCTs based on specified study criteria following a systematic search of PubMed and Scopus databases from January 2007 to May 2021. Primary efficacy outcomes assessed were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), myocardial infarction (MI), stent thrombosis (ST), and all-cause death. The secondary outcome assessed was major bleeding events. We used RevMan 5.3 software to conduct a random-effects meta-analysis and estimated the pooled incidence and risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for ticagrelor and clopidogrel. Results: Data from 6 RCTs comprising 21,827 elderly patients were extracted according to the eligibility criteria. There was no significant difference in the MACE outcome (incidence: 9.23% vs. 10.57%; RR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.70–1.28, p = 0.72), MI (incidence: 5.40% vs. 6.23%; RR = 0.94, 95% CI= 0.69–1.27, p = 0.67), ST (incidence: 2.33% vs. 3.17%; RR = 0.61, 95% CI= 0.32–1.17, p = 0.13), and all-cause death (4.29% vs. 5.33%; RR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.65–1.12, p = 0.25) for ticagrelor vs. clopidogrel, respectively. In addition, ticagrelor was not associated with a significant increase in the rate of major bleeding (incidence: 9.98% vs. 9.33%: RR = 1.37, 95% CI = 0.97–1.94, p = 0.07) vs. clopidogrel. Conclusions: This study did not find evidence that ticagrelor is significantly more effective or safer than clopidogrel in elderly patients with CHD.

Clopidogrel is a widely-used antiplatelet drug. It is important for the treatment and prevention of coronary heart disease. Clopidogrel can effectively reduce platelet activity and therefore reduce stent thrombosis. However, some patients still have ischemic events despite taking the clopidogrel due to the alteration in clopidogrel metabolism attributable to various genetic and non-genetic factors. This review aims to summarise the mechanisms and causes of clopidogrel resistance (CR) and potential strategies to overcome it. This review summarised the possible effects of genetic polymorphism on CR among the Asian population, especially CYP2C19 *2 / *3 / *17, where the prevalence rate among Asians was 23.00%, 4.61%, 15.18%, respectively. The review also studied the effects of other factors and appropriate strategies used to overcome CR. Generally, CR among the Asian population was estimated at 17.2–81.6%. Therefore, our overview provides valuable insight into the causes of RC. In conclusion, understanding the prevalence of drug metabolism-related genetic polymorphism, especially CYP2C19 alleles, will enhance clinical understanding of racial differences in drug reactions, contributing to the development of personalised medicine in Asia.

Abstract: This study is intended to develop a textbook for pre-service flight attendant students having training in the flight attendant training center. The developed textbook is based on the existing syllabus and need analysis period. The developmental research from Borg and Gall is implemented. The needs survey is implemented to pre-service students, ESP teachers in Sekar Gegani, and experienced flight attendants. The developed product contains ten units related to actual working atmosphere in-flight. They are: 1) Pre-flight briefing 2) Boarding, 3) Announcement 4) Before Take-off, 5) Meal Service, 6) Dealing with problem, 7) Sales on board, 8) Emergency, 9) Disembarking, and 10) Getting a job. Key Words: Textbook, ESP, Pre-service flight attendants Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan buku untuk calon pramugari yang sedang menempuh pendidikan di lembaga pendidikan dan pelatihan. Buku dikembangkan berdasarkan syllabus yang ada dan temuan pada fase need analisis. Penelitian pengembangan berdasarkan teori Borg and Gall. Survey untuk mendapatkan data di lakukan pada calon pramugari,instruktur, dan pramugari berpengalaman. Buku terdiri dari 10 unit meliputi 1) Briefing sebelum terbang 2) Boarding, 3) pengumuman 4) Before Take-off, 5) Meal Service, 6) Dealing with problem, 7) Sales on board, 8) Emergency, 9) Disembarking, and 10) Getting a job Kata kunci: Buku, bahasa inggris penerbangan, calon pramugari

Zeolite ZSM-5 is one of major catalysts in petroleum and fine-chemical industries. The synthesis of zeolite ZSM-5 is usually carried out at high temperature above 100 °C using the immense amount of organic structure-directing agents (OSDA). It is interesting to note that fine-tuning the initial gel mixture can be used to enhance the typical slow crystallization rate of ZSM-5. Herein, we report the effect of the surface-to-volume ratio of the reactor vessel to the crystallization of ZSM-5 at low temperature. The surface-to-volume ratio of the reactor vessel could influence the heat-transfer during the synthesis which further governed the crystallization of ZSM-5. It was found that the higher the surface-to-volume of the reactor, the more crystalline of the resulting products. The product with the highest crystallinity exhibited a nearly-spherical morphology composed of smaller ZSM-5 crystallites. This phenomenon allowed the presence of inter-crystallite mesopores which is an advantage for the catalytic reaction using bulky molecules.

Purpose: The aim of this research was to formulate and develop an orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) that incorporated a MEL/β-CD complex, using a quality by design (QbD) approach to enhance solubility and drug release. Methods: Multiple regression linear analysis was conducted to develop the kneading process and ODT formulation. Mixing time and amount of solvent were used as independent variables in kneading process optimisation, while the superdisintegrants were used to obtain the desired formulation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry were performed for complex characterization. Results: MEL/β-CD complexation was successful in enhancing MEL solubility. The results suggest that increasing the amount of solvent and mixing time enhances drug loading and drug release. However, increased solvent amounts present the problem of removing the solvent. Primojel and Polyplasdone had a significant effect on the water wicking and tablet disintegration process (p

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is one of the most threatening diseases in shrimp and othercrustaceans affecting global shrimp farming. Since firstly detected in Taiwan in 1992, the disease hasspread globally and followed with considerable socio-economic consequences. This research was performedto detect the WSSV infection in shrimp farming in Lombok Island’s (West Nusa Tenggara) using real-timepolymerase chain reaction. Samples of vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) were collected from several shrimpfarming in Lombok. Results indicated that the spread of WSSV has reached shrimp farms in Lombok,especially in Lendang Jae, West Lombok. Therefore, a biosurveillance program is strongly recommendedto government to avoid and halt the spread of the disease in East Indonesia region .

in process

Escherichia coli is the most popular platform for the production of recombinant proteins as vaccine candidates. One important factor that may influence the quantity and quality of the expressed proteins using the bacterial host is a bioreactor. Thus, this study was aimed at comparing the influence of two different bioreactors, conventional (Sakaguchi flask) and stirred bioreactors on the growth of E. coli BL21 as a host cell and production of GST.VP28 recombinant protein in the host. The result showed that total wet biomass of E. coli BL21 harvested from the stirred bioreactor was significantly higher, compared to the total biomass from the conventional bioreactors. In addition, SDS-PAGE results also indicated that the amount of the GST.VP28 recombinant protein collected from the stirred bioreactor was higher than the quantity of recombinant protein from E. coli cultured in the conventional bioreactor. Furthermore, the stirred bioreactor also produced larger soluble fraction and lower inclusion body. This result suggested that the stirred bioreactor is very suitable for improving the production of recombinant protein using E. coli.

Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is very common and affecting about 50% of the worldwide population. Several genetic variations have been implicated in determining the clinical susceptibility to this infection. In the current study, we examined the association between C1236T (rs1045642) and C3435T (rs1045642) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ABCB1 gene and the prevalence of H. pylori infection among Jordanians. A total of 412 subjects (257 H. pylori-positive cases and 155 H. pylori-negative controls) were recruited and participated in the study, and the genotyping of the ABCB1 gene was performed using RFLP-PCR techniques. A significant association was detected between C1236T and H. pylori infection (p < 0.01). The frequency of CT genotype was significantly higher in the positive cases (40.1%) compared to the controls (21.3%). In addition, the C3435T SNP was weakly associated with H. pylori infection (p = 0.077). Haplotype analysis of C1236T and C3435T SNPs showed that the TT haplotype was present in 22.7% of the positive cases compared to 30.7% of the negative controls (p < 0.05, odds ratio = 0.663, 95% CI: (0.483−0.911)). Consequently, the TT haplotype seems to decrease the risk of H. pylori infection. In conclusion, the current results suggest an association between ABCB1 SNPs and H. pylori infection in the Jordanian population.

The purpose of this study is to comprehend personal characters in Indonesia’s traditional leadership and its correlation with the regional leadership. This study uses descriptive analyses method by library research. The result shows that the regional leaders have low quality of personal characters that may lead to the failure to fulfill community’s welfare. Therefore the regional leaders have to implement the personal characters of Indonesia’s traditional leaders along with the Regional Governance Law No. 12 2008, revised by Law No. 23 2014 in order to increase the people’s income, improve education, guarantee health facilities and housing, as well as reduce poverty and unemployment rate in the region. Keywords: regional leaders, Kampar regency, community welfare, personal characters

ABSTRACTWhite spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the most dangerous shrimp pathogen and give a very bad impact to the shrimp industry in many countries, including Indonesia. Furthermore, the vaccine usage is less effective since the local WSSV suspected to have some mutation and have differences in sequence from the one that used for recombinant vaccine production so far. Therefore, it is necessary to produce recombinant vaccine for immunization of local shrimp according to WSSV isolates from Indonesia. Viral protein 19 (VP19) is an important WSSV envelope proteins because of its involvement in the systemic infection of shrimp, so it can be developed as a recombinant vaccine. The objectives of this study are to obtain VP19-encoding gene of WSSV from Situbondo, Indonesia. This research conducted through several stages, DNA genome isolation of Penaeus monodon infected with WSSV, amplification of VP19-encoding gene, isolation of VP19-encoding gene, ligation of VP19-encoding gene into pGEM-T Easy vector, transformation to Escherichia coli, recombinant vector screening, vector isolation using mini preparation technique, vector verification, and sequencing. The result of cloning shows that the size of VP19-encoding gene from Situbondo isolates is similar to VP19-encoding gene from the abroad one, which is 366 bp. However, the sequence result shows that there are some differences on bases and amino acid. However, the result of sequencing shows there are difference of five base and three amino acid arranged VP19 sequence the Situbondo isolate with isolate from several countries. The similiarity of the Situbondo isolate sequence with the other isolate (from Indonesian and other countries) was only 98%. This difference indicates the importance of making a vaccine from a local WSSV genes especially Situbondo isolate.Keywords: white spot syndrome virus, VP19, Penaeus monodonABSTRAKWhite spot syndrome virus (WSSV) merupakan patogen yang paling serius menyerang udang windu dan telah menghancurkan industri udang windu di berbagai negara, termasuk di Indonesia. Penggunaan vaksin WSSV yang didesain berdasarkan isolat WSSV luar negeri kurang efektif karena diduga WSSV yang menyerang udang Indonesia telah mengalami mutasi dan memiliki perbedaan sekuen. Untuk itu, penggunaan isolat WSSV asal Indonesia, khususnya Situbondo sebagai cetakan dalam memproduksi vaksin rekombinan untuk imunisasi udang di Indonesia sangat perlu dilakukan. Viral protein-19 (VP19) merupakan protein pembungkus WSSV yang penting karena keterlibatannya dalam infeksi sistemik pada udang, sehingga dapat dikembangkan sebagai vaksin rekombinan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan gen penyandi protein permukaan VP19 virus WSSV isolat Situbondo. Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah isolasi DNA genom udang windu yang terinfeksi WSSV, amplifikasi gen penyandi protein VP19, isolasi gen penyandi protein VP19, ligasi gen penyandi protein VP19 ke dalam plasmid pGEM-T Easy, transformasi plasmid, skrining plasmid rekombinan, isolasi plasmid dengan teknik mini preparation, verifikasi plasmid dan pengurutan. Hasil pengklonan menunjukkan bahwa ukuran gen penyandi protein VP19 isolat Situbondo sama dengan ukuran gen penyandi protein VP19 isolat asing yaitu 366 pb. Namun hasil pengurutan menunjukkan adanya perbedaan lima basa dan tiga asam amino penyusun sekuen VP19 isolat Situbondo dengan isolat dari beberapa negara lain. Kemiripan sekuen isolat Situbondo dengan isolat lain (dari Indonesia sendiri maupun dari negara-negara lain) hanya sebesar 98%. Adanya perbedaan ini mengindikasikan pentingnya pembuatan vaksin dari gen WSSV lokal khususnya isolat Situbondo.Kata kunci: white spot syndrome virus, VP19, Penaeus monodon

The main problem in public service particularly health care service is the public’s increasing demand for better quality of service. Therefore, hospitals as one of the means of health care providers should be able to increase public satisfaction. This is important to win the trust of patients and/or families of patients who come for treatment. The lack of patients’ satisfaction in the quality of service in hospitals in Indonesia contributes to the Indonesians’ choice of medical treatment abroad. Therefore, the study aims to determine the influence of quality of services provided by the hospital toward patients’ satisfaction. This quantitative research surveyed patients in Hospital Y in Padang city using questionnaire as a research instrument. The population is all the patients and/or families of patients who are served in the hospital during the data collection in the month of May to August 2014. A sample of 100 people was selected using accidental sampling. The collected data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages and averages using SPSS version16 for windows. Simple linear regression analysis technique was used for data analysis. Location of the study was a private hospital located in the city of Padang, West Sumatra Province, which in this research is referred as private hospital Y. The results of this study indicates that there is a significant relation between the quality of service to the citizen satisfaction with the regression equation Y = 44.967 + 2.612 X with value of correlation (r) = 0.760, and the influence of quality of service to the public satisfaction in 57.8%. Then the results Achievement Level Respondents (TCR) in the quality of public services obtained a value of 74.8% with quite good category and to the satisfaction of the public to the TCR value of 75.3%with quite good category. It shows the quality of care in hospitals Y must be improved in order to obtain an increase in user satisfaction of the people who became his services. Based on the research findings, researchers suggest the hospital’s policy makers to prioritize the presence of doctors, particularly their punctuality during scheduled appointment as listed in the announcement board. Moreover, the patients expect the doctors to provide sufficient time to explain the diagnosis of the patients based on their examination

Abstract The effectiveness of public service delivery system is an important aspect to ensure that national development can be implemented effectively. The effectiveness of public service delivery system will raise community satisfaction on the services delivered. Thus to improve the public service delivery system from time to time, the study on the existing problems should be conducted eventually. Therefore this article articulates the problems of public service delivery system in Indonesia, especially in Kutai Kartanegara Regency. Key words: Public Service, Effectiveness Abstrak Keefektifan sistem pelayanan pelayanan publik merupakan aspek penting untuk memastikan bahwa pembangunan Negara dapat dilaksanakan dengan efektif. Sistem pelayanan yang efektif akan dapat meningkatkan kepuasan masyarakat terhadap pelayanan yang diberikan. Bagi memastikan pelaksanaan sistem pelayanan publik ini dapat diperbaiki dari masa ke semasa, kajian terhadap permasalahan yang timbul perlulah terlebih dahulu dilaksanakan. Oleh itu artikel ini membincangkan tentang permasalahan sistem pelayanan publik di Indonesia terutamanya yang dialami oleh Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara. Key words: Pelayanan Publik, Efektifitas

Dual antiplatelet therapy of aspirin and clopidogrel is pivotal for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. However, the variable platelets reactivity response to clopidogrel may lead to outcome failure and recurrence of cardiovascular events. Although many genetic and nongenetic factors are known, great portion of clopidogrel variable platelets reactivity remain unexplained which challenges the personalization of clopidogrel therapy. Current methods for clopidogrel personalization include CYP2C19 genotyping, pharmacokinetics, and platelets function testing. However, these methods lack precise prediction of clopidogrel outcome, often leading to insufficient prediction. Pharmacometabolomics which is an approach to identify novel biomarkers of drug response or toxicity in biofluids has been investigated to predict drug response. The advantage of pharmacometabolomics is that it does not only predict the response but also provide extensive information on the metabolic pathways implicated with the response. Integrating pharmacogenetics with pharmacometabolomics can give insight on unknown genetic and nongenetic factors associated with the response. This review aimed to review the literature on factors associated with the variable platelets reactivity response to clopidogrel, as well as appraising current methods for the personalization of clopidogrel therapy. We also aimed to review the literature on using pharmacometabolomics approach to predict drug response, as well as discussing the plausibility of using it to predict clopidogrel outcome.

The problem of the relationship between nationalism and Islam has historicallyrevealed dynamic discourses, but seems to have gained little attention.This problem is important not only in understanding the modern discourseon Islam and nationalism but also in promoting a dialogue between Islamand the West. This paper attempts to show how the best known of Muslimintellectuals from Egypt and Syria during the 19th and first half of the 20thcentury, managed to fuse Islamic concepts and nationalism together into asingle, unified discourse. This paper approaches the question in two differentways. In order to provide a context, the first section reviews how nationalismemerged and influenced the Muslims. The next section studies how Muslimintellectuals have responded to foreign ideas in general and nationalism inparticular, and how some of them have attempted to work out a compromisebetween nationalism and Islam.Masalah hubungan antara nasionalisme dan Islam secara historismengungkapkan wacana dinamis, tetapi tampaknya telah mendapatkan sedikitperhatian. Masalah ini penting tidak hanya dalam memahami wacana modernIslam dan nasionalisme, tetapi juga dalam mempromosikan dialog antara Islam dan Barat. Tulisan ini mencoba untuk menunjukkan bagaimana intelektualMuslim ternama dari Mesir dan Suriah pada paruh ke-19 dan awal abad ke-20,berhasil memadukan konsep-konsep Islam dan nasionalisme bersama-samamenjadi satu wacana. Makalah ini mendekati persoalan ini dengan dua carayang berbeda. Dalam rangka memberikan konteks, bagian pertama mereviewbagaimana nasionalisme muncul dan mempengaruhi umat Islam. Bagianberikutnya mempelajari bagaimana intelektual Muslim telah merespon ideideasing pada umumnya dan nasionalisme pada khususnya, dan bagaimanabeberapa dari mereka telah berusaha untuk bekerja untuk mengkompromikanantara nasionalisme dan Islam.

This research aims to analyze the influence of ethnic work culture ‘ewuh pakewuh’ of civil servant working in the West Pasaman regency. Ethnic work culture ‘ewuh pakewuh’ is someone’s behavior of worrying his/her attitude or remark wiil offend other people. This research used qualitative approach. Informants are selected using purposive sampling of civil servants from Javanese ethnic group who work in West Pasaman administration. The sample are also selected using snowball and convenience/accidental method. The research is conducted in local inspectorate, plantation agency, civil servant agencies, education and training agency, and local secretariat. Informants consist of 2 echelon III officials, 2 echelon IV and 8 staff. Data is interpreted using thick description method; so that the cultural significance of this work ethic can be explored more intensely in order to elaborate deeply the ewuh pakewuh work culture beyond what is visible. The results obtained indicate that the ethnic work culture ewuh pakewuh have positive and negative sides. The positive side shows high appreciation for higher authority, and an effort to respect and implement sincerely the policies made by the authority. However the ewuh pakewuh ethnic work culture discourages the staff to give suggestions and opinions, causing uncritical (nrimo) work culture. A change is needed to encourage them implement less the ewuh pakewuh that leads to ethnic work culture in order to create creative and innovative work culture. This change has to be started by the leaders and staff to establish an egalitarian culture in the working environment of the local goverment agencies. Key words: Ethnic Work Culture, Ewuh Pakewuh, Civil Servants