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1. Estimating energy expenditure from accelerometer data in healthy adults and patients with type 2 diabetes

Author: Nathan Caron, Georges Dalleau, Teddy Caderby, Nicolas Peyrot, Chantal Verkindt, Ingénierie, Recherche et Intervention, Sport Santé et Environnement (IRISSE), Université de La Réunion (UR), Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM), This work was supported by a Regional Research Grant (grant #D2015033168) from the Région Réunion and from the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), and Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Aging, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Type 2 diabetes, Biochemistry, Treadmill walking, 03 medical and health sciences, Acceleration, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Diabetes mellitus, Genetics, medicine, Accelerometer data, Molecular Biology, Exercise, 2. Zero hunger, Public health, business.industry, Cell Biology, Energy metabolism, Stepwise regression, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Inertial measurement unit, Energy expenditure, Ankle, business, Body mass index, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to develop specific prediction equations based on acceleration data measured at three body sites for estimating energy expenditure (EE) during static and active conditions in middle-aged and older adults with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D).Research methodsForty patients with T2D (age: 40–74 yr, body mass index (BMI): 21–29.4 kg·m−2) and healthy participants (age: 47–79 yr, BMI: 20.2–29.8 kg·m−2) completed trials in both static conditions and treadmill walking. For all trials, gas exchange was monitored using indirect calorimetry and vector magnitude was calculated from acceleration data measured using inertial measurement units placed to the participant's center of mass (CM), hip and ankle. Stepwise multiple regression analyses were conducted to select relevant variables to include in the three EE prediction equations, and three Monte Carlo cross-validation procedures were used to evaluate each separate equation.ResultsVector magnitude (p < 0.0001) and personal data (gender, diabetes status and BMI; p < 0.0001) were used to develop three linear prediction equations to estimate EE during static conditions and walking. Cross-validation revealed similar robust coefficients of determination (R2: 0.81 to 0.85) and small bias (mean bias: 0.008 to −0.005 kcal·min−1) for all three equations. However, the equation based on CM acceleration exhibited the lowest root mean square error (0.60 kcal·min−1 vs. 0.65 and 0.69 kcal·min−1 for the hip and ankle equations, respectively; p < 0.001).ConclusionThe three equations based on acceleration data and participant characteristics accurately estimated EE during sedentary conditions and walking in middle-aged and older adults, with or without diabetes.
Published: 2020

2. Cost-utility analysis of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in non-treatment-resistant depression: the DISCO randomised controlled study protocol

Author: Morgane Péré, Clémence Cabelguen, Luc Simons, Giordano D’Urso, Cécile Dert, Noémie Pineau, Thibault Deschamps, Réseau Hugopsy, Solène Schirr-Bonnans, Annabelle Rivalland, Samuel Bulteau, Valery-Pierre Riche, Nicolas Bukowski, Auxane Beslot, Lydie Lagalice, Jean-Marie Vanelle, Christelle Volteau, Marie Guitteny, Fabienne Tessier, Alison Robin, Adeline Lepage, Agathe Tostivint, Anne Sauvaget, Véronique Thomas-Ollivier, Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Comportement et noyaux gris centraux = Behavior and Basal Ganglia [Rennes], Université de Rennes (UR)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Institut des Neurosciences Cliniques de Rennes = Institute of Clinical Neurosciences of Rennes (INCR), MethodS in Patients-centered outcomes and HEalth ResEarch (SPHERE), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, project PRME-17-0097, French Ministry of Health, CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Institut des Neurosciences Cliniques de Rennes (INCR), Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Institut des Neurosciences Cliniques de Rennes (INCR)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Institut des Neurosciences Cliniques de Rennes (INCR)
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Cost-Benefit Analysis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation, tDCS, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Pharmacotherapy, Health Economics, Quality of life, Medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, cost-utility, Suicidal ideation, Depression (differential diagnoses), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Protocol (science), Cost–utility analysis, Transcranial direct-current stimulation, treatment, business.industry, Depression, General Medicine, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, 030227 psychiatry, England, quality of life, depression & mood disorders, Physical therapy, Female, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, medicine.symptom, business, Treatment-resistant depression, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Follow-Up Studies, study protocol
Abstract: IntroductionDepression is among the most widespread psychiatric disorders in France. Psychiatric disorders are associated with considerable social costs, amounting to €22.6 billion for treatment and psychotropic medication in 2011. Treatment as usual (TAU), mainly consisting of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, is effective for only a third of patients and in most cases fails to prevent treatment resistance and chronicity. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) consists in a non-invasive and painless application of low-intensity electric current to the cerebral cortex through the scalp. Having proved effective in depressed patients, it could be used in combination with TAU to great advantage. The objective is to compare, for the first time ever, the cost-utility of tDCS-TAU and of TAU alone for the treatment of a depressive episode that has been refractory to one or two drug treatments.Methods and analysisThis paper, based on the DISCO study protocol, focuses on the design of a prospective, randomised, controlled, open-label multicentre economic study to be conducted in France. It will include 214 patients with unipolar or bipolar depression, assigning them to two parallel arms: group A (tDCS-TAU) and group B (TAU alone). The primary outcome is the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, that is, the ratio of the difference in cost between each strategy to the difference in their effects. Their effects will be expressed as numbers of quality-adjusted life-years, determined through administration of the EuroQol Five-Dimension questionnaire over a 12-month period to patients (EQ-5D-5L). Expected benefits are the reduction of treatment resistance and suicidal ideation as well as social and professional costs of depression. Should depression-related costs fall significantly, tDCS might be considered an efficient treatment for depression.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol has been approved by a French ethics committee, the CPP-–Est IV (Comité de Protection des Personnes–Strasbourg). Data are to be published in peer-reviewed medical journals.Trial registration numberRCB 2018-A00474-51;NCT03758105
Published: 2020

3. Assessment of proximal femur microarchitecture using ultra-high field MRI at 7 Tesla

Author: Sandrine Guis, Martine Pithioux, Patrick Chabrand, David Bendahan, J.-C. Souplet, Alexandre Fouré, Monique Bernard, Maxime Guye, Daphné Guenoun, Pierre Champsaur, Vanessa Pauly, Jean-Camille Mattei, T. Le Corroller, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite [CHU - APHM] (Hôpitaux Sud ), Institut des Sciences du Mouvement Etienne Jules Marey (ISM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre de résonance magnétique biologique et médicale (CRMBM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM), Aix-Marseille Université - Faculté de médecine (AMU MED), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Centre d'Exploration Métabolique par Résonance Magnétique [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM] (CEMEREM), Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Centre de résonance magnétique biologique et médicale (CRMBM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM), and Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS)
Subjects: Male, musculoskeletal diseases, Intraclass correlation, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Osteoporosis, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cadaver, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Femur, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Aged, 80 and over, Bone mineral, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Magnetic resonance imaging, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Microarchitecture, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Cadaveric spasm, business, Biomedical engineering
Abstract: Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate bone microarchitecture of cadaveric proximal femurs using ultra-high field (UHF) 7-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to compare the corresponding metrics with failure load assessed during mechanical compression test and areal bone mineral density (ABMD) measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Materials and methods ABMD of ten proximal femurs from five cadavers (5 women; mean age = 86.2 ± 3.8 (SD) years; range: 82.5–90 years) were investigated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and the bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, trabecular spacing, fractal dimension, Euler characteristics, connectivity density and degree of anisotropy of each femur was quantified using UHF MRI. The whole set of specimens underwent mechanical compression tests to failure. The inter-rater reliability of microarchitecture characterization was assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Associations were searched using correlation tests and multiple regression analysis. Results The inter-rater reliability for bone microarchitecture parameters measurement was good with ICC ranging from 0.80 and 0.91. ABMD and the whole set of microarchitecture metrics but connectivity density significantly correlated with failure load. Microarchitecture metrics correlated to each other but did not correlate with ABMD. Multiple regression analysis disclosed that the combination of microarchitecture metrics and ABMD improved the association with failure load. Conclusion Femur bone microarchitecture metrics quantified using UHF MRI significantly correlated with biomechanical parameters. The multimodal assessment of ABMD and trabecular bone microarchitecture using UHF MRI provides more information about fracture risk of femoral bone and might be of interest for future investigations of patients with undetected osteoporosis.
Published: 2020

4. Individuals have unique muscle activation signatures as revealed during gait and pedaling

Author: Thibault Deschamps, Lilian Lacourpaille, Clément Vogel, Sylvain Dorel, Eric Le Carpentier, François Hug, Kylie Tucker, Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), The University of Queensland, NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Brisbane, Australia., University of Queensland [Brisbane], School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia., Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes (LS2N), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance (INSEP), Ligue Nord-Pas-de-Calais d'Athlétisme, LNPCA, Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), and Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Adolescent, Physiology, Computer science, Electromyography, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Gait (human), Robustness (computer science), Physiology (medical), medicine, Humans, Uniqueness, Muscle, Skeletal, Gait, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Pattern recognition, Muscle activation, 030229 sport sciences, Middle Aged, Motor coordination, Bicycling, Support vector machine, Female, Artificial intelligence, business, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Muscle Contraction
Abstract: Although it is known that the muscle activation patterns used to produce even simple movements can vary between individuals, these differences have not been considered to prove the existence of individual muscle activation strategies (or signatures). We used a machine learning approach (support vector machine) to test the hypothesis that each individual has unique muscle activation signatures. Eighty participants performed a series of pedaling and gait tasks, and 53 of these participants performed a second experimental session on a subsequent day. Myoelectrical activity was measured from eight muscles: vastus lateralis and medialis, rectus femoris, gastrocnemius lateralis and medialis, soleus, tibialis anterior, and biceps femoris -long head. The classification task involved separating data into training and testing sets. For the within-day classification, each pedaling/gait cycle was tested using the classifier, which had been trained on the remaining cycles. For the between-day classification, each cycle from day 2 was tested using the classifier, which had been trained on the cycles from day 1. When considering all eight muscles, the activation profiles were assigned to the corresponding individuals with a classification rate of up to 99.28% (2,353/2,370 cycles) and 91.22% (1,341/1,470 cycles) for the within-day and between-day classification, respectively. When considering the within-day classification, a combination of two muscles was sufficient to obtain a classification rate >80% for both pedaling and gait. When considering between-day classification, a combination of four to five muscles was sufficient to obtain a classification rate >80% for pedaling and gait. These results demonstrate that strategies not only vary between individuals, as is often assumed, but are unique to each individual. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We used a machine learning approach to test the uniqueness and robustness of muscle activation patterns. We considered that, if an algorithm can accurately identify participants, one can conclude that these participants exhibit discernible differences and thus have unique muscle activation signatures. Our results show that activation patterns not only vary between individuals, but are unique to each individual. Individual differences should, therefore, be considered relevant information for addressing fundamental questions about the control of movement.
Published: 2019

5. In vivo assessment of the levator ani muscles using shear wave elastography: a feasibility study in women

Author: Xavier Fritel, Fabrice Pierre, David Desseauve, Bertrand Gachon, Antoine Nordez, Laetitia Fradet, Service de gynécologie et obstétrique [Poitiers], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM), Prévention et promotion de la cancérogénèse par les aliments (ToxAlim-PPCA), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut Pprime (PPRIME), Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Robotique, Biomécanique, Sport, Santé (RoBioSS), Département Génie Mécanique et Systèmes Complexes (GMSC), Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pprime (PPRIME), Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Recherches épidémiologiques en santé périnatale et santé des femmes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM)
Subjects: medicine.medical_treatment, [PHYS.MPHY]Physics [physics]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph], 030232 urology & nephrology, 0302 clinical medicine, Valsalva maneuver, Medicine, Biomechanics, Longitudinal Studies, Prospective Studies, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], 2. Zero hunger, Orthodontics, [PHYS.MECA.VIBR]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Vibrations [physics.class-ph], 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, Pelvic floor, medicine.diagnostic_test, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of the fluids [physics.class-ph], [SPI.FLUID]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment, Obstetrics and Gynecology, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [PHYS.MECA.ACOU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, medicine.anatomical_structure, Elasticity Imaging Techniques, Female, Elastography, Adult, Valsalva Maneuver, Urology, [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic, 03 medical and health sciences, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Humans, Women, [PHYS.MECA.BIOM]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Levator ani muscle, [SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], Shear wave elastography, business.industry, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Mean age, [PHYS.MECA.MSMECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Materials and structures in mechanics [physics.class-ph], Elasticity, Shear wave, body regions, Levator ani, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, [PHYS.MECA.THER]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Thermics [physics.class-ph], Feasibility Studies, business, Body mass index
Abstract: We hypothesized that shear wave elastography (SWE) technology might be useful for assessing the elastic properties of the pelvic floor in women. Our primary objective was to evaluate the feasibility of assessing the levator ani muscles using SWE in women. Our secondary aim was to investigate the changes in their elastic properties from rest to Valsalva maneuver. During this prospective feasibility study in nonpregnant female volunteers, we collected data on participant age, body mass index (BMI), parity, and time since the delivery. The levator ani muscles of each participant were assessed using SWE technology at rest and during a Valsalva maneuver by measuring the shear modulus (in kilopascals). We then assessed the changes in the shear modulus at rest and during the Valsalva maneuver using a Wilcoxon test. Twelve parous women participated in this study. The mean time since the last delivery was 14 months, the mean age was 31 years, and mean BMI was 28 kg.m−2. All the assessments performed at rest were successfully completed, but we encountered two failures during the Valsalva maneuver. The mean shear modulus increased by a factor of more than 2 from rest to the Valsalva maneuver for both the right (16.0 vs 35.4 kPa) and left side (17.1 vs 37.6 kPa). An assessment of the elastic properties of the levator ani muscles is feasible for nonpregnant women. The reproducibility of the technique and its application in pregnant women and women with pelvic floor disorders must be investigated.
Published: 2019

6. Recursive decomposition of electromyographic signals with a varying number of active sources: Bayesian modelling and filtering

Author: Raphaël Gross, Konstantin Akhmadeev, Yannick Aoustin, Eric Le Carpentier, Yann Péréon, Tianyi Yu, Dario Farina, Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes (LS2N), Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Signal, IMage et Son (SIMS ), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Robotique Et Vivant (ReV), Université de Nantes (UN), École Centrale de Nantes (ECN), centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Clinique d'endocrinologie, Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires AOC, Laboratoire d’Explorations Fonctionnelles, Centre Hospitalier Universiatire Hôtel-Dieu de Nantes (CHU Hôtel-Dieu), Université de Nantes - Faculté de médecine et des techniques médicales (UN Médecine), Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI), Aalborg University [Denmark] (AAU), Imperial College London, IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM), and Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Computer science, Spike train, 0206 medical engineering, Biomedical Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Electromyography, Deconvolution, [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic, Sliding window protocol, medicine, Humans, Hidden Markov models, Hidden Markov model, Muscle, Skeletal, Electrodes, Recursive estimation, Signal processing, Index Terms-Biomedical signal processing, Markov chain, medicine.diagnostic_test, State vector, Bayes Theorem, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Motor neuron, 020601 biomedical engineering, Markov Chains, Bayes methods, Motor unit, medicine.anatomical_structure, Algorithm, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Algorithms
Abstract: Objective: This paper describes a sequential decomposition algorithm for single-channel intramuscular electromyography (iEMG) generated by a varying number of active motor neurons. Methods: As in previous work, we establish a hidden Markov model of iEMG, in which each motor neuron spike train is modeled as a renewal process with inter-spike intervals following a discrete Weibull law and motor unit action potentials are modeled as impulse responses of linear time-invariant systems with known prior. We then expand this model by introducing an activation vector associated with the state vector of the hidden Markov model. This activation vector represents recruitment/derecruitment of motor units and is estimated together with the state vector using Bayesian filtering. Non-stationarity of the model parameters is addressed by means of a sliding window approach, thus making the algorithm adaptive to variations in contraction force and motor unit action potential waveforms. Results: The algorithm was validated using simulated and experimental iEMG signals with varying number of active motor units. The experimental signals were acquired from the tibialis anterior and abductor digiti minimi muscles by fine wire and needle electrodes. The decomposition accuracy in both simulated and experimental signals exceeded 90%. Conclusion: The recruitment/derecruitment was successfully tracked by the algorithm. Because of its parallel structure, this algorithm can be efficiently accelerated, which lays the basis for its real-time applications in human–machine interfaces. Significance: The proposed method substantially broadens the domains of applicability of the algorithm.
Published: 2019

7. Discipline and Sex Differences in Angle-specific Isokinetic Analysis in Elite Skiers

Author: Regis Mecca, Erick Nael, Marine Alhammoud, Mathew G Wilson, Christophe Hautier, Baptiste Morel, Clint Hansen, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, ASPETAR Research and Education Centre, Qatar Orthopaedic Sports Medecine Hospital, Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM)
Subjects: Knee function, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, medicine.medical_treatment, Knee flexion, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hamstring Muscles, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Knee extension, Statistical parametric mapping, Quadriceps Muscle, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, [SCCO]Cognitive science, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Sex Factors, Skiing, Screening method, Medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Knee, Full extension, Range of Motion, Articular, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Rehabilitation, business.industry, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, 030229 sport sciences, Biomechanical Phenomena, Torque, Linear Models, Female, business, Range of motion, Muscle Contraction
Abstract: Standard outcomes of traditional isokinetic testing do not detect differences between various muscle mechanical properties. This study i) explored a novel analysis throughout the range of motion based on statistical parametric mapping and ii) examined the impact of sex and discipline on hamstrings/quadriceps torque in elite alpine skiers. Twenty-eight national team skiers (14 females, 14 males; 14 technical, 14 speed) undertook an isokinetic evaluation of the knee flexors/extensors (range 30–90°, 0° representing full extension). There was no effect of sex (p=0.864, d=0.03) and discipline (p=0.360, d=0.17) on maximal hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio and no effect of discipline on maximal torque (p>0.156, d≤0.25). Hamstrings torque and hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio were lower in females than males toward knee extension only (p
Published: 2019

8. Older and young adults adopt different postural strategies during quiet bipedal stance after ankle plantarflexor fatigue

Author: Sébastien Boyas, Emily R. Medd, Martin Bilodeau, Amélie Boileau, Sébastien Beaulieu, Yves Lajoie, Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Département de Mathématiques et Statistique (DMS), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM), Département de Mathématiques et de statistique [UdeM- Montréal] (DMS), and Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)
Subjects: Adult, Male, musculoskeletal diseases, 0301 basic medicine, Aging, medicine.medical_specialty, Heel, Movement, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, medicine, Humans, Displacement (orthopedic surgery), Young adult, Muscle, Skeletal, Postural Balance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Muscle fatigue, business.industry, General Neuroscience, Age Factors, Ankle stiffness, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, QUIET, Muscle Fatigue, Decreased flexion, Female, Ankle, business, Ankle Joint, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Physical Conditioning, Human
Abstract: Background The individual effects of fatigue and age on postural control have been extensively studied. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the combined effects of fatigue and age on postural control and posture. Research question The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of age and muscle fatigue on bipedal stance postural control and posture. Methods Twenty-three participants, fourteen young adults and nine older adults performed 30-s bipedal postural trials before and after fatigue. The fatigue protocol consisted in repeating heel raises until exhaustion. Back, hip, knee and ankle joint angles and centre of pressure (COP) displacements were recorded with a 3D motion capture system and a force plate. Results Fatigue induced similar increases in sway area and COP velocity for both populations. This was associated with a forward displacement of the COP position for both populations but with different postural adaptations. Similar increased flexions (+1.7 to 1.8°) for all joint angles (ankle, knee, hip and back) joints were observed after fatigue for older adults, whereas young adults mainly showed increased flexion for the ankle joint (+3.1°) and decreased flexion at the hip (−1.2°). Significance It can be argued that older adults act on all joints because they are too weak to sufficiently modify any joint individually, contrary to young adults. These posture adaptations may be strategies to cope with fatigue by limiting the reliance on fatigued plantarflexors, increasing ankle stiffness, increasing the sensitivity of muscle spindles, increasing the number of degrees of freedom of the task.
Published: 2019

9. The 1,500-m Rowing Performance is Highly Dependent on Modified Wingate Anaerobic Test Performance in National-Level Adolescent Rowers

Author: Abderrahmane Rahmani, Frédéric Chorin, Hugo Maciejewski, Sébastien Ratel, Caroline Giroux, Julien Lardy, Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM), Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs (LBMC UMR T9406), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Research Department, Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA7370) (SEP (EA7370)), Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance (INSEP), Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-UFR Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives - Clermont-Auvergne (UFR STAPS - UCA), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA7370) (SEP (EA7370)), Laboratory of Motricity, Interactions, Performance, University of Maine, Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques - Clermont Auvergne (AME2P), and Faculté des Sciences du SportFaculté des Sciences du Sport, UFR STAPS-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], Adolescent, Anaerobic Threshold, Ergometry, Rowing, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Athletic Performance, Muscle mass, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, National level, Power output, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Wingate test, Mathematics, Anthropometry, 030229 sport sciences, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Exercise Test, Physical therapy, Female, Anaerobic exercise, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Sports
Abstract: Purpose:The aim of the current study was to determine whether the anaerobic performance assessed by a modified Wingate test could account for the 1,500-m rowing ergometer performance in young competitive rowers.Methods:Fourteen national-level adolescent rowers performed on a rowing ergometer i) a 30-s allout exercise (i.e., modified Wingate test) and ii) a 1,500-m all-out exercise (i.e., rowing performance). For each of these two exercises, the mean power output was considered as the main performance criterion (PWIN and P1500, respectively).Results:PWIN was correlated to P1500 (r2 = .83, p < .0001, β = 100%). Furthermore, the estimated total muscle mass was correlated to PWIN and P1500 (r2 = .72 and r2 = .83, p < .0001, β = 100%, respectively). The allometric scaling also indicated that total muscle mass accounts 62% for the relationship between PWIN and P1500.Conclusion:Our results highlight the importance of considering the contribution of total muscle mass and anaerobic energy pathways to 1,500-m rowing performance in competitive adolescent rowers. Therefore, the modified Wingate test could be used by rowing coaches to potentially identify talented young rowers.
Published: 2019

10. Complex couplings between joints, muscles and performance: the role of the wrist in grasping

Author: Caumes, Mathieu, Goislard de Monsabert, Benjamin, Hauraix, Hugo, Berton, Eric, Vigouroux, Laurent, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement Etienne Jules Marey (ISM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM), Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS)
Subjects: Male, Wrist Joint, Hand Strength, lcsh:R, lcsh:Medicine, [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Wrist, Models, Biological, Article, Mechanical engineering, Biomechanical Phenomena, body regions, Young Adult, Motor control, Humans, Regression Analysis, Computational models, Female, lcsh:Q, Muscle, Skeletal, lcsh:Science, Electrodes, Biomedical engineering
Abstract: International audience; The relationship between posture, muscle length properties and performance remains unclear, because of a lack of quantitative data. Studies on grasping tasks suggested that wrist position could favour the extrinsic finger flexor in regards to their length to maximise grip force performance. The present study aimed at providing quantitative evidence of the links between wrist posture, muscle capacities and grip capabilities. it combines experimental measurements and a musculoskeletal model including the force-length relationship of the four prime muscles used in grasping. participants exerted their maximum grip force on a cylindrical dynamometer in four different wrist postures, including one freely chosen by participants (spontaneous). A musculoskeletal model computed the muscle force level and length from motion capture and muscle activation. Results revealed that participants exerted maximum grip force spontaneously, with a loss of force when using other postures. At muscle force and length level, grip force variation seems to be associated with all the muscles under study. This observation led to a first quantitative link between power grip, posture and muscle properties, which could provide more insight into neuromechanical interaction involved when grasping. the design of ergonomic devices could also benefit from this quantification of the relationship between wrist angle and muscle length properties.
Published: 2019

11. Handgrip fatiguing exercise can provide objective assessment of cancer-related fatigue: a pilot study

Author: Hugues Bourgeois, Bruno Beaune, Abderrahmane Rahmani, S. Boyas, Sébastien Landry, A. Bochereau, T. Veni, Sylvain Durand, Baptiste Morel, Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM)
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Activities of daily living, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Breast Neoplasms, Pilot Projects, Objective assessment, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Leisure Activities, Quality of life, Hand strength, Surveys and Questionnaires, Linear regression, Activities of Daily Living, medicine, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Muscle, Skeletal, Cancer-related fatigue, Exercise, Fatigue, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Muscle fatigue, Hand Strength, business.industry, Cognition, Middle Aged, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Case-Control Studies, Muscle Fatigue, Quality of Life, Female, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: International audience; Purpose As a subjective symptom, cancer-related fatigue is assessed via patient-reported outcomes. Due to the inherent bias of such evaluation, screening and treatment for cancer-related fatigue remains suboptimal. The purpose is to evaluate whether objective cancer patients' hand muscle mechanical parameters (maximal force, critical force, force variability) extracted from a fatiguing handgrip exercise may be correlated to the different dimensions (physical, emotional, and cognitive) of cancer-related fatigue. Methods Fourteen women with advanced breast cancer, still under or having previously received chemotherapy within the preceding 3 months, and 11 healthy women participated to the present study. Cancer-related fatigue was first assessed through the EORTC QLQ-30 and its fatigue module. Fatigability was then measured during 60 maximal repeated handgrip contractions. The maximum force, critical force (asymptote of the force-time evolution), and force variability (root mean square of the successive differences) were extracted. Multiple regression models were performed to investigate the influence of the force parameters on cancer-related fatigue's dimensions. Results The multiple linear regression analysis evidenced that physical fatigue was best explained by maximum force and critical force (r = 0.81; p = 0.029). The emotional fatigue was best explained by maximum force, critical force, and force variability (r = 0.83; p = 0.008). The cognitive fatigue was best explained by critical force and force variability (r = 0.62; p = 0.035). Conclusion The handgrip maximal force, critical force, and force variability may offer objective measures of the different dimensions of cancer-related fatigue and could provide a complementary approach to the patient reported outcomes.
Published: 2019

12. Hospital production cost of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in the treatment of depression

Author: Solène Schirr-Bonnais, Nicolas Mauduit, Olivier Sellal, Cécile Dert, François Etcheverrigaray, Anne Pichot, Anne Sauvaget, Samuel Bulteau, Christophe Leux, Agathe Tostivint, Johann Clouet, Valéry-Pierre Riche, Clémence Cabelguen, Département d'addictologie et de psychiatrie de liaison [CHU de Nantes], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Pharmacie [CHD Vendée], Centre Hospitalier Départemental - Hôpital de La Roche-sur-Yon, Département Partenariat et Innovation [CHU Nantes] (Cellule d'innovation), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Direction des Affaires Médicales et de la Recherche [CHU Nantes] (DAMR), Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton research lab (RMeS), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), UFR d’Odontologie [CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes], Université de Nantes (UN), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, PHU 11 Pharmacie [CHU Nantes] (Pharmacie Centrale), Département de l'Information Médicale [CHU Nantes], MethodS in Patients-centered outcomes and HEalth ResEarch (SPHERE), Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, This work has been supported by a grant from the FrenchHealth Ministry for the DISCO study PRME-2017-0097., Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Nantes - UFR Odontologie, Jehan, Frederic, Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Centre Hospitalier Départemental - Hôpital de La Roche-sur-Yon (CHD Vendée), Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton (RMeS), École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), and Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques
Subjects: Cost, medicine.medical_treatment, Cost accounting, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation, 050105 experimental psychology, TDCS, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Health Economics, Multidisciplinary approach, Physiology (medical), Medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Operations management, Economics, Hospital, Neurostimulation, Health policy, Depression (differential diagnoses), health care economics and organizations, Psychiatry, [SDV.MHEP.RSOA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Rhumatology and musculoskeletal system, Health economics, [SDV.MHEP.GEG] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Geriatry and gerontology, Transcranial direct-current stimulation, business.industry, Depression, Health Policy, [SDV.MHEP.GEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Geriatry and gerontology, 05 social sciences, Usability, General Medicine, Hospitals, 3. Good health, Treatment Outcome, Neurology, [SDV.MHEP.RSOA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Rhumatology and musculoskeletal system, Neurology (clinical), France, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Summary Objectives Due to its ease of use, tolerance, and cost of acquisition, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) could constitute a credible therapeutic option for non-resistant depression in primary care, when combined with drug management. This indication has yet to receive official recognition in France. The objective of this study is to evaluate the production cost of tDCS for the treatment of depression in hospitals, under realistic conditions. Methods The methodology adopted is based on cost accounting and was validated by a multidisciplinary working group. It includes equipment, staff, and structural costs to obtain the most realistic estimate possible. We first estimated the cost of producing a tDCS session, based on our annual activity objective, and then estimated the cost of a 15-session treatment program. This was followed up with a sensitivity analysis applying appropriate parameters. Results The hospital production cost of a tDCS depression treatment program for a single patient was estimated at €1555.60 euros: €99 in equipment costs, €1076.95 in staff costs, and €379.65 in structural costs. Conclusion This cost analysis should make it possible to draw up pricing proposals in compliance with regulations and health policy choices and to develop health-economic studies. This would ultimately lead to official recognition of tDCS treatment for depression in France and pave the way for studying various scenarios of coverage by the French national health insurance system.
Published: 2018

13. Combined effects of aging and obesity on postural control, muscle activity and maximal voluntary force of muscles mobilizing ankle joint

Author: Wael Maktouf, Sébastien Boyas, Bruno Beaune, Camille Pouliquen, Sylvain Durand, Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Aging, medicine.medical_specialty, Rotation, Biomedical Engineering, Biophysics, Electromyography, Overweight, Postural control, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Center of pressure (terrestrial locomotion), medicine, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Muscle Strength, Obesity, 030212 general & internal medicine, Muscle activity, Muscle, Skeletal, Postural Balance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Aged, Proprioception, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Rehabilitation, medicine.disease, Biomechanical Phenomena, medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine.symptom, Ankle, business, Ankle Joint, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Muscle Contraction
Abstract: Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of age and/or obesity on postural control, ankle muscle activities during balance testing and force production capacities. Materials and methods 4 groups; control group (CG; n = 25; age = 31.8 ± 7.5 years; BMI = 21.4 ± 2.5 kg/m2), obese group (OG; n = 25; age = 34.4 ± 9.5 years; BMI = 39.6 ± 5.4 kg/m2), elderly group (EG; n = 15; age = 77.1 ± 8.4 years; BMI = 24.4 ± 1.3 kg/m2) and obese elderly group (ObEG; n = 12; age = 78.6 ± 6.6 years; BMI = 34.5 ± 3.1 kg/m2) performed maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) before testing to calculate the maximal relative force of ankle plantar flexor (PF) and dorsal flexor (DF) muscles. Center of pressure (CoP) parameters and the electromyography (EMG) activity of PF and DF muscles were collected during MVC, quiet standing and limit of stability (LoS) testing along antero-posterior and medio-lateral axes. Results Maximal relative force was higher in EG and ObEG than CG and OG, respectively (p 0.6; p −0.6; p Conclusion Obesity-related postural control alteration is associated with increased activity of PF. This neuromuscular adaptation may reflect deteriorations of the proprioceptive system and is likely additional to age-related muscular impairments. This may be a mechanism by which obesity increases postural control alterations in elderly.
Published: 2018

14. Force-velocity muscular profiles and jumping performances of soccer goalkeeper

Author: Abderrahmane Rahmani, T. Hervéou, Julien Frère, Sylvain Durand, M. Ripamonti, Frédéric Chorin, Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM)
Subjects: [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], business.industry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Squat, 030229 sport sciences, Structural engineering, medicine.disease_cause, 03 medical and health sciences, Vertical jump, 0302 clinical medicine, Jumping, Squat jump, Limbs stiffness, medicine, Countermovement jump, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, business, human activities, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Force velocity, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mathematics
Abstract: Summary Aims The aim of the study was to assess mechanical muscle capacities and profiles of well-trained soccer goalkeepers playing at a national amateur level. Methods Eleven goalkeepers (from 4th French division) performed vertical jump tests and series of loaded half squat and bench throw tests to assess lower and upper limbs force-velocity profiles, respectively. Force, velocity and power produced during each exercise were determined using a guided barbell. Maximal theoretical velocity and maximal theoretical force were determined from the force-velocity profiles. Slopes of those profiles were also calculated. Results Vertical jump performances were 38.5 ± 4.5 cm for the squat jump and 41.6 ± 5.5 cm for the countermovement jump. Lower limbs stiffness was 304.2 ± 55.1 N.m−1.kg−1. Lower limbs force-velocity profile was described by a slope of −11.5 ± 4.0 N.s.m−1.kg−1, with maximal theoretical force and velocity reaching 34.3 ± 5.9 N.kg−1 and 3.2 ± 0.2 m.s−1, respectively. Upper limbs muscular profile was described by a slope of −3.7 ± 1.1 N.s.m−1.kg−1, with maximal theoretical force and velocity of 13.6 ± 3.7 N.kg−1 and 3.7 ± 0.6 m.s−1, respectively. These values reveal that goalkeepers’ muscles profiles are oriented towards velocity. Conclusion This suggests that whatever the goalkeepers’ level, specific and conditioning trainings should mainly focus on velocity to optimize the performance of this specific soccer player.
Published: 2018

15. Muscle force loss and soreness subsequent to maximal eccentric contractions depend on the amount of fascicle strainin vivo

Author: Lilian Lacourpaille, Antoine Nordez, Hugo Hauraix, Sylvain Dorel, Valentin Doguet, Gaël Guilhem, Marc Jubeau, French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Research Department, Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA7370) (SEP (EA7370)), Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance (INSEP), Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM), and Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS)
Subjects: Male, Muscle fascicle, Physiology, [SHS.SPORT.PS]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sport/Sport physiology, Strain (injury), Achilles Tendon, 03 medical and health sciences, muscle damage, 0302 clinical medicine, In vivo, Elastic Modulus, Humans, Medicine, Muscle Strength, Muscle, Skeletal, shear wave elastography, Achilles tendon, Muscle Weakness, business.industry, Work (physics), Myalgia, ultrasonography, 030229 sport sciences, Anatomy, Fascicle, medicine.disease, Compliance (physiology), fascicle lengthening, medicine.anatomical_structure, Architectural gear ratio, Physical Endurance, Female, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Muscle Contraction
Abstract: International audience; Aim: Deﬁning the origins of muscle injury has important rehabilitation and exercise applications. However, current knowledge of muscle damage mechanics in human remains unclear in vivo. This study aimed to determine the relationships between muscle–tendon unit mechanics during maximal eccentric contractions and the extent of subsequent functional impairments induced by muscle damage.Methods: The length of the muscle–tendon unit, fascicles and tendinous tissues was continuously measured on the gastrocnemius medialis using ultrasonography, in time with torque, during 10 sets of 30 maximal eccentric contractions of plantar ﬂexors at 45°s -1, in seventeen participants.Results: Muscle–tendon unit, fascicles and tendinous tissues were stretched up to 4.44 ± 0.33 cm, 2.31 ± 0.64 cm and 1.92 ± 0.61 cm respectively. Fascicle stretch length, lengthening amplitude and negative fascicle work beyond slack length were signiﬁcantly correlated with the force decrease 48 h post-exercise (r=0.51, 0.47 and 0.68, respectively; P
Published: 2016

16. Influence of an Adapted Physical Activity Program on Self-Esteem and Quality of Life of Breast Cancer Patients after Mastectomy

Author: Sébastien Landry, Hugues Bourgeois, Guillaume Chasles, Sébastien Boyas, Yoann Pointreau, Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, CHU de Québec, Groupe innovation et ciblage cellulaire (GICC), EA 7501 [2018-...] (GICC EA 7501), Université de Tours (UT), Centre Jean Bernard [Institut Inter-régional de Cancérologie - Le Mans], Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Université de Tours, Centre Jean Bernard [Le Mans], Clinique Victor Hugo [Le Mans], Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM)
Subjects: Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, media_common.quotation_subject, Health Status, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Physical activity, Breast Neoplasms, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Breast cancer, Quality of life (healthcare), Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Global health, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Exercise, Mastectomy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, business.industry, Self-esteem, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Self Concept, 3. Good health, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Physical therapy, Quality of Life, Female, business
Abstract: This study aimed to assess the influence of an adapted physical activity program on self-esteem and quality of life in breast cancer patients. Twenty-three women diagnosed with breast cancer and treated by mastectomy formed 2 groups. The experimental group practiced adapted physical activity for 12 weeks, while the control group did not. All participants answered questionnaires regarding their self-esteem and quality of life at the beginning of the program and 6 and 12 weeks after that. Self-esteem, physical self-perception, quality of life, global health status, pain, and breast symptoms were improved only in the group which practiced adapted physical activity.
Published: 2018

17. Exercise oximetry in patients with arterial claudication

Author: Myriam Ammi, Pierre Abraham, Samir Henni, Laura Lesourd, Celine Guilleron, Sylvain Durand, school of arts, Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire et Mitochondriale (MITOVASC), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM), and Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Intermittent Claudication, 03 medical and health sciences, Peripheral Arterial Disease, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Cardiology, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Exercise Test, Humans, In patient, Ankle Brachial Index, Oximetry, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Claudication, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

18. A Simple Method for Measuring Force, Velocity, Power and Force-Velocity Profile of Upper Limbs

Author: Baptiste Morel, Abderrahmane Rahmani, Pierre Samozino, Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM)
Subjects: business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030229 sport sciences, Kinematics, Structural engineering, medicine.disease_cause, Inertia, Bench press, 03 medical and health sciences, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 0302 clinical medicine, Jumping, Goniometer, medicine, Force platform, Vertical displacement, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mathematics, media_common, Tape measure
Abstract: Upper limb abilities can be assessed from different kinds of exercises (e.g., cranking, push-up, and medicine ball put test). Since the bench press is a very common exercise used in training routines by most athletes in many sports, its interest in the scientific literature raised in the past two decades. As presented in previous chapters during jumping or cycling, from several bench presses performed against different loads, coaches and athletes can simply and accurately define their upper limb force-velocity (F-v) profile. They can estimate their theoretical maximal force (F 0), velocity (V 0) and power (P max ). The aim of this chapter is to present the important points that must be taken into account to optimize the use of the bench press as a routine testing. In a first part, this chapter will focus on the importance of taking into consideration all the mechanical inertia involved in the bench press exercise. Not considering the upper limb mass in the calculation of the force produced during the exercise implies an underestimation in the F-v profile that can reach 30% for P max . This could conduct to incorrect choices in the optimal load during training and thus limit the performance improvement. In the second part of this chapter, we present a simple mechanical model of the bench press to study the importance of the upper limb acceleration in the estimation of the force produced. The moving system (i.e., lifted mass and upper limbs) is modeled from rigid segments and the force can be determined thanks to four simple measurements: the vertical displacement of the lifted load, the elbow angle measured using a goniometer, the arm and forearm lengths and the constant horizontal position of the hand on the barbell. The validity of this model has been confirmed through experimental data obtained from a force platform. An important point is that the kinematics and kinetics of this model allow demonstrating that the acceleration of the moving system is similar to the one of the barbell. Finally, based on the previous statement, the last part of this chapter presents a simple method for assessing force, velocity and power during a ballistic bench press performed on a traditional guided barbell, based on the Newtonian laws and only three simple parameters: (i) upper limb mass estimated as 10% of the body mass; (ii) barbell flight height recorded with a nylon cable tie and (iii) push-off distance measured with a measuring tape. Consequently, coaches and athletes could accurately determine their F-v profile and extrapolate reliable mechanical parameters (F 0 , v 0, Sfv and P max ) in order to maximize upper limbs performance and manage training programs in field conditions.
Published: 2018

19. Local Texture Anisotropy as an Estimate of Muscle Quality in Ultrasound Imaging

Author: Jean-Yves Hogrel, Damien Bachasson, Lilian Lacourpaille, Olivier Benveniste, Guillaume Dubois, Institut de Myologie, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hypoxie et physiopathologies cardiovasculaire et respiratoire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM), Service de médecine interne et d'immunologie clinique [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Sorbonne Université - Faculté de Médecine (SU FM), Sorbonne Université (SU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM), Service de Département de médecine interne et immunologie clinique [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] (DMIIC), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Hypoxie : Physiopathologie Respiratoire et Cardiovasculaire (HP2 ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre de recherche en Myologie – U974 SU-INSERM, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: Male, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Quantitative muscle ultrasound, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Local pattern texture anisotropy, Biophysics, Biceps, Muscle dystrophy, Diagnosis, Differential, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Echogenicity, Region of interest, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Texture (crystalline), Muscle, Skeletal, Anisotropy, Ultrasonography, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, Muscle quality, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, business.industry, Ultrasound, Reproducibility of Results, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, humanities, Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne, Texture analysis, Female, Inclusion body myositis, Nuclear medicine, business, human activities, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; This study introduces local pattern texture anisotropy as a novel parameter to differentiate healthy and disordered muscle and to gauge the severity of muscle impairments based on B-mode ultrasound images. Preliminary human results are also presented. A local pattern texture anisotropy index (TAI) was computed in one region of interest in the short head of the biceps brachii. The effects of gain settings and box sizes required for TAI computation were investigated. Between-day reliability was studied in patients with sporadic inclusion body myositis (n = 26). The ability of the TAI to discriminate dystrophic from healthy muscle was evaluated in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and healthy controls (n = 16). TAI values were compared with a gray-scale index (GSI). TAI values were less influenced by gain settings than were GSI values. TAI had lower between-day variability (typical error = 2.3%) compared with GSI (typical error = 2.3% vs. 8.3%, respectively). Patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy had lower TAIs than controls (0.76 ± 0.06 vs. 0.87 ± 0.03, respectively, p
Published: 2018

20. Methodological Considerations on the Relationship Between the 1,500-M Rowing Ergometer Performance and Vertical Jump in National-Level Adolescent Rowers

Author: Hugo Maciejewski, Pierre Samozino, Frédéric Chorin, Sébastien Ratel, Abderrahmane Rahmani, Julien Lardy, Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques - Clermont Auvergne (AME2P), Faculté des Sciences du SportFaculté des Sciences du Sport, UFR STAPS-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM), Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-UFR Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives - Clermont-Auvergne (UFR STAPS - UCA), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Ergometry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Rowing, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Athletic Performance, Body Mass Index, 03 medical and health sciences, Vertical jump, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Squat jump, medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, National level, Power output, Young male, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mathematics, Water Sports, 030229 sport sciences, General Medicine, Jump, Exercise Test, Training program
Abstract: Maciejewski, H, Rahmani, A, Chorin, F, Lardy, J, Samozino, P, and Ratel, S. Methodological considerations on the relationship between the 1,500-m rowing ergometer performance and vertical jump in national-level adolescent rowers. J Strength Cond Res 33(11): 3000-3007, 2019-The purpose of this study was to investigate whether 3 different approaches for evaluating squat jump performance were correlated with rowing ergometer performance in elite adolescent rowers. Fourteen young male competitive rowers (15.3 ± 0.6 years), who took part in the French rowing national championships, performed a 1,500-m all-out rowing ergometer performance (P1500) and a squat jump (SJ) test. The performance in SJ was determined by calculating the jump height (HSJ in cm), a jump index (ISJ = HSJ·body mass·gravity, in J), and the mean power output (PSJ in W) from the Samozino et al.'s method. Furthermore, allometric modeling procedures were used to consider the importance of body mass (BM) in the relationships between P1500 and jump scores. P1500 was significantly correlated with HSJ (r = 0.29, p ≤ 0.05), ISJ (r = 0.72, p < 0.0001), and PSJ (r = 0.86, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, BM explained at least 96% of the relationships between SJ and rowing performances. However, the similarity between both allometric exponents for PSJ and P1500 (1.15 and 1.04, respectively) indicates that BM could influence jump and rowing ergometer performances at the same rate, and that PSJ could be the best correlate of P1500. Therefore, the calculation of power seems to be more relevant than HSJ and ISJ to (a) evaluate jump performance and (b) infer the capacity of adolescent rowers to perform 1,500-m all-out rowing ergometer performance, irrespective of their body mass. This could help coaches to improve their training program and potentially identify talented young rowers.
Published: 2018

21. Mental fatigue alters the speed and the accuracy of the ball in table tennis

Author: Marc Jubeau, Benjamin Pageaux, Sylvain Dorel, Antoine Nordez, Yann Le Mansec, Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM), Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] (CAPS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Laboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance, Université de Nantes (UN), Motricité, interaction, performance ( MIP ), Université de Nantes ( UN ), Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] ( CAPS ), and Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM )
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Mental fatigue, racket sports, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, cognitive fatigue, Athletic Performance, sport motor skills, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Motor control, medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Muscle, Skeletal, perceived effort, Muscle fatigue, 030229 sport sciences, Mental Fatigue, Tennis, [ SDV.NEU ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Muscle Fatigue, Ball (bearing), [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Psychology, human activities, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; This study aimed at evaluating the effects of mental and muscle fatigue on table tennis performance. Mental fatigue (MF) was induced by completion of 90minutes of the AX-CPT; muscle fatigue was induced by completion of an eccentric exercise performed with the elbow flexors (biceps fatigue, BF) or the knee extensors (quadriceps fatigue, QF). The control condition consisted of watching a movie. Stroke parameters (speed and accuracy of the ball), as well as feelings of fatigue and force production capacity of the elbow flexors (BF, MF and control conditions) and knee extensors (QF condition), were assessed pre and post fatigue protocols. Feelings of fatigue increased post fatigue protocols. Force production capacity decreased only in the BF and QF conditions. BF and MF induced a decrease in accuracy. This decrease in accuracy was associated with an increased ball speed in the BF condition, and a decreased ball speed in the MF condition. QF had a negligible effect on stroke performance. Our results suggest that both mental fatigue, and muscle fatigue, significantly impair table tennis performance and therefore coaches should take into account both the physical and mental state of table tennis players to optimize performance.
Published: 2018

22. Force-Length Relationship Modeling of Wrist and Finger Flexor Muscles

Author: Alexis Herbaut, Benjamin Goislard de Monsabert, Laurent Vigouroux, Eric Berton, Hugo Hauraix, Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Institut des Sciences du Mouvement Etienne Jules Marey (ISM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Decathlon, Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, 0206 medical engineering, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, 02 engineering and technology, Electromyography, Isometric exercise, Kinematics, Wrist, Fingers, Metacarpophalangeal Joint, TENDON, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, MODELING, Isometric Contraction, medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Range of Motion, Articular, Muscle, Skeletal, ULTRASOUND, Mathematics, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Ultrasound, Biomechanics, [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], 020601 biomedical engineering, FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS, Biomechanical Phenomena, FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS, medicine.anatomical_structure, Torque, MUSCULOSKELETAL MODEL, medicine.symptom, Range of motion, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Muscle contraction, Muscle Contraction
Abstract: International audience; Introduction Because the hand joints possess a broad range of motion, the muscle length can vary importantly which might result in significant variations of the muscle force-generating capacities. However, facing the complexity of this musculoskeletal system, no study has examined the effect of hand muscle length change on muscle force. This study aimed to characterize the force-length relationship of muscles involved in wrist and metacarpophalangeal flexion.Methods Eleven participants performed two sessions: (i) one for the wrist flexor muscles and (ii) one for the finger flexor muscles. For each session, the participants performed two maximal voluntary contractions and then two progressive isometric ramps from 0% to 100% of their maximal force capacity at five different wrist/metacarpophalangeal angles. Torque, kinematic, and electromyographic data were recorded. An ultrasound scanner was used to measure the myotendinous junction displacement of flexor carpi radialis (FCR) and flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) during isometric contractions. A three-dimensional relationship between muscle length, force, and activation level was modeled using optimization procedure.Results Globally, the FCR was stronger and shorter compared with FDS. The results showed that the three-dimensional relationships fitted well the experimental data (mean R-2 = 0.92 0.07 and 0.87 +/- 0.11 for FCR and FDS, respectively). Using joint angle and EMG data, this approach allows to estimate the muscle force with low estimation errors (9% of F-max).Conclusions This study proposes a new method to investigate the force-length relationship by combining ultrasound measurement, musculoskeletal modeling and optimization procedures. The data and relationships provide a new insight into hand biomechanics and muscle function that could be useful for designing hand tools or surgical operations.
Published: 2018

23. Validity And Reliability Of The Stages Cycling Power Meter

Author: Sylvain Dorel, Cyril Granier, Christophe Hausswirth, Le Meur Yann, Institut national du sport et de l'éducation physique (INSEP), Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM), and Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS)
Subjects: Ergometry, Coefficient of variation, Validity, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Electricity meter, Statistics, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Reliability (statistics), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS.SPORT.ITS]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sport/Sport engineering and technology, Mathematics, [SHS.SPORT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sport, 010401 analytical chemistry, Reproducibility of Results, 030229 sport sciences, General Medicine, Bicycling, 0104 chemical sciences, Intensity (physics), Power (physics), Sprint, Exercise Test, Cycling, Sports
Abstract: Granier, C, Hausswirth, C, Dorel, S, and Le Meur, Y. Validity and reliability of the stages cycling power meter. J Strength Cond Res 34(12): 3554-3559, 2020-This study aimed to determine the validity and the reliability of the Stages power meter crank system (Boulder, United States) during several laboratory cycling tasks. Eleven trained subjects completed laboratory cycling trials on an indoor cycle fitted with SRM Professional and Stages systems. The trials consisted of an incremental test at 100 W, 200 W, 300 W, 400 W, and four 7-s sprints. The level of pedaling asymmetry was determined for each cycling intensity during a similar protocol completed on a Lode Excalibur Sport ergometer. The reliability of Stages and SRM power meters was compared by repeating the incremental test during a test-retest protocol on a Cyclus 2 ergometer. Over power ranges of 100-1,250 W, the Stages system produced trivial to small differences compared with the SRM (standardized typical error values of 0.06, 0.24, and 0.08 for the incremental, sprint, and combined trials, respectively). A large correlation was reported between the difference in power output (PO) between the 2 systems and the level of pedaling asymmetry (r = 0.58, p < 0.001). Recalculating PO of the Stages system according to the level of pedaling asymmetry provided only marginal improvements in PO measures. The reliability of the Stages power meter at the submaximal intensities was similar to the SRM Professional model (coefficient of variation: 2.1 and 1.3% for Stages and SRM, respectively). The Stages system is a suitable device for PO measurements, except when a typical error of measurement
Published: 2018

24. Relationship between Force-Velocity Profiles and 1,500-m Ergometer Performance in Young Rowers

Author: Frédéric Chorin, Caroline Giroux, Hugo Maciejewski, Julien Lardy, Sébastien Ratel, Abderrahmane Rahmani, Amal Ben-Abdessamie, French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA7370) (SEP (EA7370)), Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance (INSEP), French Rowing Federation, Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-UFR Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives - Clermont-Auvergne (UFR STAPS - UCA), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Research Department, Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA7370) (SEP (EA7370)), Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM), Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques - Clermont Auvergne (AME2P), Faculté des Sciences du SportFaculté des Sciences du Sport, UFR STAPS-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM)
Subjects: Male, Competitive Behavior, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], Adolescent, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Rowing, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Athletic Performance, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Lower limb, Body Mass Index, Upper Extremity, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Squat jump, medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Contraction velocity, Muscle Strength, Power output, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Water Sports, Mathematics, Physical conditioning, 030229 sport sciences, Lower Extremity, Exercise Test, Physical therapy, Force velocity, Physical Conditioning, Human
Abstract: Rowing races require developing high level of force and power output at high contraction velocity. This study determined the force-velocity and power-velocity (F-P-V) profiles of lower and upper limbs of adolescent rowers and their relationships with a 1,500-m rowing ergometer performance. The power developed during the 1,500-m (P1500) was evaluated in fourteen national-level male rowers (age: 15.3±0.6 yrs). F-P-V profiles were assessed during bench pull (BP) and squat jump (SJ) exercises. The theoretical maximal values of force (F0), velocity (V0), power output (Pmax) and the F-V relationship slope (S FV ) were determined. The body mass (BM) influence on these relationships was considered using an allometric approach. F0 was 720±144 and 2146±405 N, V0 was 1.8±0.1 and 1.8±0.3 m·s−1, Pmax was 333±83 and 968±204 W and SFV was −391±54 and −1,200±260 N·s·m−1 for BP and SJ, respectively. Upper and lower limb F0 and Pmax were significantly related. P1500 was significantly (P
Published: 2017

25. Reliability of force-velocity relationships during deadlift high pull

Author: Marc Jubeau, Wei Lu, S. Boyas, Abderrahmane Rahmani, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM), Laboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance, Université de Nantes (UN), Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)
Subjects: Adult, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], Weight Lifting, Computer science, Movement, 0206 medical engineering, Acceleration, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, 02 engineering and technology, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Muscle Strength, Reliability (statistics), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Reproducibility, business.industry, Reproducibility of Results, Ballistic movement, Resistance Training, 030229 sport sciences, Structural engineering, 020601 biomedical engineering, Power (physics), Biomechanical Phenomena, medicine.anatomical_structure, business, Force velocity
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the within- and between-session reliability of force, velocity and power performances and to assess the force-velocity relationship during the deadlift high pull (DHP). Nine participants performed two identical sessions of DHP with loads ranging from 30 to 70% of body mass. The force was measured by a force plate under the participants' feet. The velocity of the 'body + lifted mass' system was calculated by integrating the acceleration and the power was calculated as the product of force and velocity. The force-velocity relationships were obtained from linear regression of both mean and peak values of force and velocity. The within- and between-session reliability was evaluated by using coefficients of variation (CV) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Results showed that DHP force-velocity relationships were significantly linear (
Published: 2017

26. Age-Related Changes in Endurance Performance Vary Between Modes of Locomotion in Men: An Analysis of Master World Records

Author: Lepers, Romuald, Stapley, Paul J., Cattagni, Thomas, Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] (CAPS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Neural Control of Movement Laboratory [University of Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), University of Wollongong, Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM), Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] ( CAPS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Motricité, interaction, performance ( MIP ), and Université de Nantes ( UN )
Subjects: cycling, [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], [ SDV.NEU ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], aging, Master athletes, running, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], swimming, human activities
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND: Age-related declines in sport performance are characteristic of all endurance and sprinting disciplines. However, it is not known if the mode of locomotion (i.e. swimming, cycling or running) influences the age-related decline in sport performance in sprinting and endurance events.METHODS: To examine the age-related decline in three different modes of locomotion (i.e. swimming, cycling and running) for endurance and sprint events, the world best performances achieved for males in the age-groups 18-39 years, 40-44 years, 45-49 years, 50-54 years, 55-59 years, 60-64 years, 65-69 years, 70-74 years, 75-79 years and 80-84 years, were compared in swimming (1500-m and 50-m), cycling (1-h and 200-m) and running (10-km and 100-m). Each performance was considered as an average speed (throughout the distance) and the age-related decline in performance was expressed as a percentage of the world record (regardless of age group) for that discipline.RESULTS: The results showed that the age-related decline in 1-h track cycling is less pronounced compared to 1500-m swimming and 10-km running after 60 years. In contrast, the age-related decline was similar among the three locomotion modes for the sprinting events.CONCLUSION: Our data show that the maintenance of high performance in cycling persists longer into old age than for running or swimming.
Published: 2017

27. Effects of Intensive Crew Training on Individual and Collective Characteristics of Oar Movement in Rowing as a Coxless Pair

Author: Mehdi R’Kiouak, Mathieu Thierry Marie Feigean, Jérôme Bourbousson, Reinoud J. Bootsma, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement Etienne Jules Marey (ISM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Over training, joint action, Rowing, lcsh:BF1-990, Crew, crew behavior, individual pattern, Continuous relative phase, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Psychology, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, General Psychology, Simulation, Original Research, rowing, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, Movement (music), 05 social sciences, Training (meteorology), synchrony, Individual level, Joint action, lcsh:Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; This case study examined how two rowers adapted their rowing patterns following crew training as a newly formed coxless pair. The two participants were expert (double-oar) single scull-boat rowers. Performing as a crew in the coxless-pair's sweep-boat, where each rower operates a single oar, on-the-water data were collected before and after a 6-week intensive team-training program. Rowing patterns were characterized by the horizontal oar angle, oar angular velocity and linear oar-water velocity profiles during the catch (minimal oar angle) to finish (maximal oar angle) half-cycles of the propulsive water phase. After crew training, rowers demonstrated a tighter synchronization and a closer correspondence in oar angle at the moment of catch, together with a closer matching of the evolution over time of their subsequent oar movements. Most likely due to the inherent asymmetries involved in sweep-boat rowing, the stroke rower also developed a somewhat longer-duration larger-amplitude oar movement than the bow rower. Remarkably, both rowers revealed changes in the inter-cycle variability of their individual patterns of rowing. While the initially more variable stroke rower improved the consistency of his rowing pattern over practice, the initially highly consistent bow rower on the contrary relaxed his tendency to always perform in the same way. We discuss how the crew performance changed over training and to what extent it was associated with changes in individual behaviors. Along the way we demonstrate that the often-used measure of average continuous relative phase does not adequately capture the particularities of the coordination pattern observed. Overall, the results obtained at the individual level of analysis suggest that team benefits were obtained through distinct adaptations of the rowers' individual rowing patterns.
Published: 2017

28. Muscle fascicle shortening behaviour of vastus lateralis during a maximal force–velocity test

Author: Sylvain Dorel, Hugo Hauraix, Gaël Guilhem, Giuseppe Rabita, Antoine Nordez, Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Research Department, Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA7370) (SEP (EA7370)), Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance (INSEP), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM)
Subjects: musculoskeletal diseases, Muscle fascicle, Adult, Male, Adolescent, Knee Joint, Physiology, Force–velocity relationship · Ultrafast ultrasound · Fascicles–tendon interactions · High velocity · Knee extension, [SHS.SPORT.PS]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sport/Sport physiology, Knee extension, Tendons, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Physiology (medical), medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Knee, [PHYS.MECA.BIOM]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Muscle, Skeletal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, [SHS.SPORT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sport, Knee extensors, Electromyography, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, 030229 sport sciences, General Medicine, Anatomy, musculoskeletal system, Biomechanical Phenomena, medicine.anatomical_structure, Shortening velocity, Ultrasound imaging, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Force velocity, Gastrocnemius medialis, Muscle Contraction
Abstract: Muscle fascicles–tendon interactions are the main determinant in production of high joint velocity. Currently, no study has investigated the muscle fascicles behaviour of knee extensor muscles until the highest reachable velocity (e.g., unloaded knee extension). We aimed to track the changes in vastus lateralis fascicles length during knee extensions to quantify muscle fascicles and tendinous tissues contributions to muscle–tendon unit shortening and to determine maximal muscle fascicles shortening velocity. Fifteen participants performed isokinetic and isoinertial knee extensions, and ultrafast ultrasound imaging was used to observe the vastus lateralis fascicles from low to very high joint velocity. The muscle fascicles shortening velocity increased linearly with the increase in knee joint velocity up to the maximal joint velocity (mean R 2 = 0.93 ± 0.08). Muscle fascicles contribution to muscle–tendon unit shortening velocity was almost constant regardless of the condition (83 ± 23%). Using Hill’s equation, the maximal velocity of knee joint and muscle fascicles was determined at 1000 ± 489°s−1 and 5.1 ± 2.0 L0 s−1 (47.4 ± 18.7 cm s−1), respectively. Contribution of muscle fascicles to the muscle–tendon unit shortening velocity was much higher for the vastus lateralis in this study compared to the gastrocnemius medialis in two previous studies. Moreover, this contribution of muscle fascicles shortening velocity was constant whatever the velocity condition, even at the highest reachable velocity. Thus, the vastus lateralis fascicles shortening velocity increases linearly with the knee joint velocity until high velocities and its behaviour strongly accorded with the classical Hill’s force–velocity relationship.
Published: 2017

29. Age-related decline in endurance running performance – An example of a multiple World records holder

Author: Thomas Cattagni, Romuald Lepers, Lepers, Romuald, Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] (CAPS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] ( CAPS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Motricité, interaction, performance ( MIP ), Université de Nantes ( UN ), Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM)
Subjects: Male, Aging, Competitive Behavior, History, Physiology, [SDV.MHEP.PHY] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Running, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physiology (medical), Age related, Task Performance and Analysis, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Humans, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Nutrition and Dietetics, [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Age Factors, 030229 sport sciences, General Medicine, Athletes, Physical Fitness, Physical Endurance, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Demography
Abstract: This study examined the age-related decline in endurance running performance of one of the greatest master runners ever, Ed Whitlock, who died recently. His running performances from 1500 m to marathon were analyzed for 5 periods of 5 years from 65–69 years to 85–89 years. Despite exceptional running performances for his advanced age, the rate of decline in his performances increased after 80 years and was drastically amplified after 85 years.
Published: 2017

30. Effects of warm‐up on hamstring muscles stiffness: Cycling vs foam rolling

Author: Antonio J. Morales-Artacho, Gaël Guilhem, Lilian Lacourpaille, Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad de Granada (UGR), French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Research Department, Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA7370) (SEP (EA7370)), Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance (INSEP), Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM)
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Hamstring muscles, elastography, Materials science, Warm-Up Exercise, active warm-up, [SHS.SPORT.PS]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sport/Sport physiology, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hamstring Muscles, Shear modulus, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Elastic Modulus, medicine, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Range of Motion, Articular, Massage, Electromyography, Stiffness, 030229 sport sciences, Muscle stiffness, Surgery, Bicycling, Passive torque, risk of muscle injuries, Torque, passive warm-up, Elasticity Imaging Techniques, Foam rolling, passive torque, medicine.symptom, Cycling, Range of motion, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Biomedical engineering
Abstract: International audience; This study investigated the effects of active and/or passive warm-up tasks on the hamstring muscles stiffness through elastography and passive torque measurements. On separate occasions, fourteen males randomly completed four warm-up protocols comprising Control, Cycling, Foam rolling, or Cycling plus Foam rolling (Mixed). The stiffness of the hamstring muscles was assessed through shear wave elastography, along with the passive torque-angle relationship and maximal range of motion (ROM) before, 5, and 30 minutes after each experimental condition. At 5 minutes, Cycling and Mixed decreased shear modulus (−10.3% ± 5.9% and −7.7% ± 8.4%, respectively; P≤.0003, effect size [ES]≥0.24) and passive torque (−7.17% ± 8.6% and −6.2% ± 7.5%, respectively; P≤.051, ES≥0.28), and increased ROM (+2.9% ± 2.9% and +3.2% ± 3.5%, respectively; P≤.001, ES≥0.30); 30 minutes following Mixed, shear modulus (P=.001, ES=0.21) and passive torque (P≤.068, ES≥0.2) were still slightly decreased, while ROM increased (P=.046, ES=0.24). Foam rolling induced “small” immediate short-term decreases in shear modulus (−5.4% ± 5.7% at 5 minutes; P=.05, ES=0.21), without meaningful changes in passive torque or ROM at any time point (P≥.12, ES≤0.23). These results suggest that the combined warm-up elicited no acute superior effects on muscle stiffness compared with cycling, providing evidence for the key role of active warm-up to reduce muscle stiffness. The time between warm-up and competition should be considered when optimizing the effects on muscle stiffness.
Published: 2017

31. Influence of Isoinertial-Pneumatic Mixed Resistances on Force-Velocity Relationship

Author: François Hug, Gaël Guilhem, Boris Jidovtseff, Simon Avrillon, French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Research Department, Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA7370) (SEP (EA7370)), Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance (INSEP), Department of Sport and Rehabilitation Sciences - University of Liège, Université de Liège, Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Muscle strengthening, Weight Lifting, Movement, [SHS.SPORT.PS]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sport/Sport physiology, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, variable resistance, Concentric, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, maximal power, exercise modality, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Muscle Strength, Simulation, Mathematics, [SHS.SPORT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sport, constant load, Variable resistance, Resistance Training, 030229 sport sciences, Constant load, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Force velocity, Biomedical engineering, Muscle Contraction
Abstract: Purpose:Muscle strengthening is commonly based on the use of isoinertial loading, whereas variable resistances such as pneumatic loading may be implemented to optimize training stimulus. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of the ratio between pneumatic and isoinertial resistance on the force–velocity relationship during ballistic movements.Methods:A total of 15 participants performed 2 concentric repetitions of ballistic bench-press movements with intention to throw the bar at 30%, 45%, 60%, 75%, and 90% of the maximal concentric repetition with 5 resistance ratios including 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, or 0% of pneumatic resistance, the additional load being isoinertial. Force-, velocity-, and power-time patterns were assessed and averaged over the concentric phase to determine the force–velocity and power–velocity relationships for each resistance ratio.Results:Each 25% increase in the pneumatic part in the resistance ratio elicited higher movement velocity (+0.11 ± 0.03 m/s from 0% to 80% of the concentric phase) associated with lower force levels (–43.6 ± 15.2 N). Increased isoinertial part in the resistance ratio resulted in higher velocity toward the end of the movement (+0.23 ± 0.01 m/s from 90% to 100%).Conclusions:The findings show that the resistance ratio could be modulated to develop the acceleration phase and force toward the end of the concentric phase (pneumatic-oriented resistance). Inversely, isoinertial-oriented resistance should be used to develop maximal force and maximal power. Resistance modality could, therefore, be considered an innovative variable to modulate the training stimulus according to athletic purposes.
Published: 2017

32. Sit to stand in elderly fallers vs non-fallers: new insights from force platform and electromyography data

Author: Frédéric Chorin, Abderrahmane Rahmani, Julien Frère, Bruno Beaune, Christophe Cornu, Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM), Développement, Adaptation et Handicap. Régulations cardio-respiratoires et de la motricité (DevAH), Université de Lorraine (UL), Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), and Développement, Adaptation et Handicap. Régulations cardio-respiratoires et de la motricité. (DevAH)
Subjects: Male, Aging, medicine.medical_specialty, Movement, Posture, Statistical difference, Poison control, Mechanical engineering, Electromyography, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Lower limb muscle, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Fall, Medicine, Humans, Force platform, Muscle activity, Muscle, Skeletal, Geriatric Assessment, Postural Balance, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, medicine.diagnostic_test, Sit to stand, business.industry, 030229 sport sciences, Sit-to-stand strategies, Trunk, Biomechanical Phenomena, Muscular activation, Lower Extremity, Accidental Falls, Female, Geriatrics and Gerontology, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; BackgroundThe sit-to-stand movement requires balance control and coordination between the trunk and lower limbs. For these reasons, it is commonly used in clinics for evaluating lower limb muscle function in the elderly. The aim of the present study was to point out re levant biomechanical and neurophysiological sit-to-stand parameters allowing comparison between elderly fallers and non-fallers.MethodsTen elderly fallers and thirty non-fallers performed sit-to-stand movements. Sit-to-stand mechanical (maximal and mean force, impulse) and temporal parameters were measured in the vertical and anteroposterior axes using force platforms. Activity of rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and gastrocnemius lateralis muscles was bilaterally recorded by surface electromyography.ResultsTime to realize sit-to-stand movements was significantly longer in elderly fallers compared to non-fallers (p < 0.05). In the same way, maximal vertical force and mean posterior force applied on force platform were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in fallers than in non-fallers individual. At muscular activity level, results showed a main statistical difference in gastrocnemius lateralis muscle activity patterns between faller and non-faller groups.ConclusionVertical and anteroposterior data from force platform, and gastrocnemius lateralis muscle activity determined during sit-to-stand movement are the most relevant parameters to differentiate fallers and non-fallers. Moreover, these factors highlight different strategies to rise from a chair between faller and non-faller group, suggesting that fallers would constantly adjust their control balance during the sit-to-stand movement.
Published: 2016

33. Effects of eccentric training on mechanical properties of the plantar flexor muscle-tendon complex

Author: Antoine Nordez, Alexandre Fouré, Christophe Cornu, Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM), Centre de résonance magnétique biologique et médicale (CRMBM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), and Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Adult, Male, musculoskeletal diseases, medicine.medical_specialty, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena, Context (language use), Achilles Tendon, Plantar flexion, Education, Tendons, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Isometric Contraction, Physiology (medical), [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], medicine, Humans, Range of Motion, Articular, Muscle, Skeletal, Passive stiffness, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mechanical Phenomena, Ultrasonography, Achilles tendon, Electromyography, business.industry, [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], 030229 sport sciences, musculoskeletal system, Elasticity, Tendon, body regions, medicine.anatomical_structure, Torque, Physical therapy, Eccentric training, business, Range of motion, Ankle Joint, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Eccentric training is a mechanical loading classically used in clinical environment to rehabilitate patients with tendinopathies. In this context, eccentric training is supposed to alter tendon mechanical properties but interaction with the other components of the muscle-tendon complex remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the specific effects of 14 wk of eccentric training on muscle and tendon mechanical properties assessed in active and passive conditions in vivo. Twenty-four subjects were randomly divided into a trained group ( n = 11) and a control group ( n = 13). Stiffness of the active and passive parts of the series elastic component of plantar flexors were determined using a fast stretch during submaximal isometric contraction, Achilles tendon stiffness and dissipative properties were assessed during isometric plantar flexion, and passive stiffness of gastrocnemii muscles and Achilles tendon were determined using ultrasonography while ankle joint was passively moved. A significant decrease in the active part of the series elastic component stiffness was found ( P < 0.05). In contrast, a significant increase in Achilles tendon stiffness determined under passive conditions was observed ( P < 0.05). No significant change in triceps surae muscles and Achilles tendon geometrical parameters was shown ( P > 0.05). Specific changes in muscle and tendon involved in plantar flexion are mainly due to changes in intrinsic mechanical properties of muscle and tendon tissues. Specific assessment of both Achilles tendon and plantar flexor muscles allowed a better understanding of the functional behavior of the muscle-tendon complex and its adaptation to eccentric training.
Published: 2013

34. Centenarian athletes: Examples of ultimate human performance?

Author: Paul J. Stapley, Romuald Lepers, Thomas Cattagni, Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] (CAPS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Neural Control of Movement Laboratory [University of Wollongong], University of Wollongong, Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Région des Pays de la Loire, France, Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] ( CAPS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Motricité, interaction, performance ( MIP ), Université de Nantes ( UN ), University of Wollongong [Australia], Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), and Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS)
Subjects: Male, Gerontology, Aging, medicine.medical_specialty, Physical activity, [ SDV.MHEP.GEG ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Geriatry and gerontology, Athletic Performance, medicine.disease_cause, centenarian, decline, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Jumping, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, master athletes, sporting performance, medicine, Humans, Aged, 80 and over, biology, Athletes, [SDV.MHEP.GEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Geriatry and gerontology, Track and Field, Age Factors, health, 030229 sport sciences, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Bicycling, ageing, Female, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Centenarian, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Throwing, Sports
Abstract: International audience; Background: some centenarians are engaged in regular physical activity and sometimes in sporting events.Objective: we aimed to identify world records of centenarian athletes in several sports and determine which represented the best performance when compared to all-age world records, all disciplines taken together.Methods: all of the best performances achieved by centenarians were identified and compared in three disciplines: athletics, swimming and cycling. The performances were considered as an average of the respective speeds, except for jumping and throwing events for which the maximum distances performed were considered. Within each discipline, the decline in performance of centenarian athletes was expressed as a percentage of the world record for that discipline. In total, 60 performances of centenarian athletes were found. These performances belong to 19 individuals: 10 in athletics, 8 in swimming and 1 in cycling.Results: the centenarian world record performed by Robert Marchand in one hour track cycling appears to be the best performance (-50.6% compared with the all-age world record in this discipline) achieved by a centenarian.Conclusions: although the physiological characteristics of Robert Marchand are certainly exceptional, his remarkable performance could also be due to the lower age-related decline for cycling performances compared with running and swimming. Our observations offer new perspectives on how the human body can resist the deleterious effects of ageing.
Published: 2016

35. Effect of damaging exercise on electromechanical delay

Author: Lacourpaille, Lilian, Nordez, Antoine, Valentin, Doguet, Hug, François, Guilhem, Gaël, Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Research Department, Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA7370) (SEP (EA7370)), Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance (INSEP), The University of Queensland, NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Brisbane, Australia., University of Queensland [Brisbane], Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM)
Subjects: isometric torque, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], [SHS.SPORT.PS]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sport/Sport physiology, ultrasonography, muscle soreness
Abstract: International audience; Introduction: In this study we aimed to quantify the effect of exercise-induced muscle damage on both the electrochemicaland mechanical components of electromechanical delay using very-high-frame-rate ultrasound. Methods: Fifteen participants underwent electrically evoked contractions of the medial gastrocnemius muscle with an ultrasound transducer on the muscle belly and on the myotendinous junction, before, 1 hour, and 48 hours after eccentric exercise of the plantar flexor muscles. Results: Maximal isometric plantar flexor torque was significantly lower at 1 hour (–41.1614.9%; P50.0001) and 48 hours –11.9614.9%; P50.038) post-exercise compared with pre-exercise. However, the delay between electrical stimulation and the onset of muscle activation, the delay between electrical stimulation and myotendinous junction motion, and the electromechanical delay were not altered significantly by eccentric exercise (P50.063). Conclusions: These findings suggest that moderate muscle damage does not affect the time for the electrochemical or mechanical components of electromechanical delay.
Published: 2016

36. Time-course of neuromuscular changes during and after maximal eccentric contractions

Author: Lilian Lacourpaille, Marc Jubeau, Antoine Couturier, Sylvain Dorel, Gaël Guilhem, Valentin Doguet, Arnaud Guével, Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM), French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Research Department, Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA7370) (SEP (EA7370)), Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance (INSEP), Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM), Laboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance, Université de Nantes (UN), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], Physiology, Isometric torque, Eccentric contractions, Muscle damage, lcsh:Physiology, Plantar flexion, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, muscle damage, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, Medicine, Eccentric, Original Research, lcsh:QP1-981, business.industry, voluntary activation level, 030229 sport sciences, Anatomy, central activation ratio, Peripheral, Eccentric exercise, Time course, plantar flexors, Cardiology, evoked torque, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; This study tested the relationship between the magnitude of muscle damage and both central and peripheral modulations during and after eccentric contractions of plantar flexors. Eleven participants performed 10 sets of 30 maximal eccentric contractions of the plantar flexors at 45 • ·s −1. Maximal voluntary torque, evoked torque (peripheral component) and voluntary activation (central component) were assessed before, during, immediately after (POST) and 48 h after (48 h) the eccentric exercise. Voluntary eccentric torque progressively decreased (up to −36%) concomitantly to a significant alteration of evoked torque (up to −34%) and voluntary activation (up to −13%) during the exercise. Voluntary isometric torque (−48 ± 7%), evoked torque (−41 ± 14%) and voluntary activation (−13 ± 11%) decreased at POST, but only voluntary isometric torque (−19 ± 6%) and evoked torque (−10 ± 18%) remained depressed at 48 h. Neither changes in voluntary activation nor evoked torque during the exercise were related to the magnitude of muscle damage markers, but the evoked torque decrement at 48 h was significantly correlated with the changes in voluntary activation (r = −0.71) and evoked torque (r = 0.77) at POST. Our findings show that neuromuscular responses observed during eccentric contractions were not associated with muscle damage. Conversely, central and peripheral impairments observed immediately after the exercise reflect the long-lasting reduction in force-generating capacity.
Published: 2016

37. I can't reach it! Focus on theta sensorimotor rhythm toward a better understanding of impaired action\textendashperception coupling

Author: Jessica Tallet, Christophe Cornu, Thibault Deschamps, David Amarantini, Sylvain Cremoux, Yannick Daviaux, Akiani, akiani, Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Mécanique et d'Informatique industrielles et Humaines - UMR 8201 (LAMIH), Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Programme Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Sciences du Sport et du Mouvement Humain (PRISSMH), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Département de kinésiologie, Imagerie cérébrale et handicaps neurologiques, Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Laboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance (UPRES EA 4334), Université de Nantes (UN), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSA Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Hauts-de-France (INSA Hauts-De-France), Laboratoire Adaptation Perceptivo-Motrice et Apprentissage (LAPMA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse Neuro Imaging Center (ToNIC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], and CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]
Subjects: Male, media_common.quotation_subject, "motor region", Motion Perception, "sensori", Poison control, "parietal region", Anxiety, Motor Activity, Somatosensory system, Functional Laterality, "action–perception coupling", 050105 experimental psychology, Developmental psychology, "motor function", Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Parietal Lobe, Perception, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Cortical Synchronization, Theta Rhythm, media_common, Analysis of Variance, Respiration, General Neuroscience, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, Motor Cortex, "theta activity", Coupling (electronics), medicine.anatomical_structure, Action (philosophy), Sensorimotor rhythm, Space Perception, Arm, Female, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Motor cortex
Abstract: International audience; It is known that anxiety (ANX) impairs action–perception coupling. This study tests whether this impairment could be associated with an alteration of the sensorimotor function. To this aim, the cortical activities underlying the sensorimotor function were recorded in twelve volunteers in a reach-to-grasp paradigm, in which the level of ANX and the position of a glass were manipulated. The experimental manipulation of the ANX-related somatosensory state was expected to prompt participants to underestimate their reaching-to-grasp capabilities while the sensorimotor-related oscillatory brain activities around the 6-Hz (θ) frequency over motor-related and parietal regions were expected to be modulated. We also investigated the oscillatory brain dynamics around the 11.5-Hz (fast-α) frequency as a neural hallmark of ANX manipulation induced by the breath-restriction. Results indeed showed that participants underestimated their reaching-to-grasp maximal performance. Concomittantly, θ-EEG synchronization over the motor cortex contralateral to the dominant hand was higher during glass presentation under breath-restriction condition (+20.1%; p < 0.05), and when the glass was perceived as non-reachable (+20.0%; p < 0.05). Fast-α-EEG desynchronization was reduced under breath-restriction (−37.7%; p < 0.05). The results confirm that ANX-related impairment of action–perception coupling co-modulates with theta-sensorimotor rhythm. This finding is discussed as an altered “readiness state” in the reaching-related cortical network, while individuals are anxious.
Published: 2016

38. Effects of pre-exercise alkalosis on the decrease in VO2 at the end of all-out exercise

Author: Thomas, Claire, Delfour ‑ Peyrethon, Rémi, Bishop, David J., Perrey, Stéphane, Leprêtre, Pierre-Marie, DOREL, Sylvain, Hanon, Christine, French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Research Department, Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA7370) (SEP (EA7370)), Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance (INSEP), Département STAPS - UFR Sciences Fondamentales Appliquées, Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Institute of sport, exercise & active living (ISEAL), Victoria University, University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Euromov (EuroMov), Université de Montpellier (UM), EA 3300 APS et Conduites Motrices, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Adaptations Physiologiques à l'Exercice et Réadaptation à l'effort - UR UPJV 3300 (APERE), CHU Amiens-Picardie-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-CHU Amiens-Picardie, Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM), INSEP, documentation, and French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA7370) (SEP (EA7370))
Subjects: High-intensity exercise, Oxygen uptake, [SHS.SPORT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sport, [SHS.SPORT.PS] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sport/Sport physiology, Minute ventilation, [SHS.SPORT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sport, Sodium bicarbonate, [SHS.SPORT.PS]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sport/Sport physiology, Acid– base status, Fatigue
Abstract: International audience; Purpose This study determined the effects of pre-exercisesodium bicarbonate ingestion (ALK) on changes in oxygenuptake (V˙ O2) at the end of a supramaximal exercise test(SXT).Methods Eleven well-trained cyclists completed a 70-sall-out cycling effort, in double-blind trials, after oral ingestionof either 0.3 g kg−1 of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)or 0.2 g kg−1 body mass of calcium carbonate (PLA).Blood samples were taken to assess changes in acid–basebalance before the start of the supramaximal exercise, and0, 5 and 8 min after the exercise; ventilatory parameterswere also measured at rest and during the SXT.Results At the end of the PLA trial, which induced mildacidosis (blood pH = 7.20), subjects presented a significantdecrease in V˙ O2 (P < 0.05), which was related to the amplitude of the decrease in minute ventilation (˙VE) duringthe SXT (r = 0.70, P < 0.01, n = 11). Pre-exercise metabolicalkalosis significantly prevented the exercise-induceddecrease in V˙ O2 in eleven well-trained participants (PLA:12.5 ± 2.1 % and ALK: 4.9 ± 0.9 %, P < 0.05) and thedecrease in mean power output was significantly less pronouncedin ALK (P < 0.05). Changes in the V˙ O2 decreasebetween PLA and ALK trials were positively related tochanges in the ˙VE decrease (r = 0.74, P < 0.001), but not tochanges in power output (P > 0.05).Conclusions Pre-exercise alkalosis counteracted the V˙ O2decrease related to mild acidosis, potentially as a result ofchanges in ˙V E and in muscle acid–base status during theall-out supramaximal exercise.
Published: 2016

39. How stressors are dynamically appraised within a team during a game: An exploratory study in basketball

Author: Julie Doron, Jérôme Bourbousson, French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Research Department, Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA7370) (SEP (EA7370)), Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance (INSEP), Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM), and Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS)
Subjects: Male, Basketball, Team sport, Adolescent, Applied psychology, education, Exploratory research, Team effectiveness, 050109 social psychology, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Psychological safety, Interpersonal communication, Athletic Performance, 03 medical and health sciences, stress, 0302 clinical medicine, team functioning, Humans, Psychology, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Interpersonal Relations, Team composition, [SHS.SPORT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sport, biology, Athletes, Stressors, 05 social sciences, 030229 sport sciences, biology.organism_classification, Group Processes, intrapersonal and interpersonal perspectives, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, team sports, team dynamics, human activities, [SHS.SPORT.SCS]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sport/Sport cognitive sciences, Team
Abstract: International audience; Little is known about how team sport athletes individually and collectively experience sources of stress during competitive sport encounters. This study aimed to examine the nature of the stressors team sport athletes appraised during games at individual and team levels, as well as their degree of synchronization during an unfolding game. Through individual self‐confrontation interviews, the activities of nine basketball players of the same team were examined in detail. The results revealed that 12 categories of stressors were reported, and categorized into two larger units reflecting stressors perceived as affecting (a) “the team functioning as a whole” and (b) “a player's own functioning”. Thus, the nature and degree of similarity of the game‐specific stressors experienced by basketball players within a single team were identified during a game. In addition, the findings showed six different patterns of synchronizations of team members’ stressors, as well as their changes over the course of the game. They provided support for the synchronized appraisal and experience of stressors within a team during a game. By adopting an interpersonal perspective and examining the temporal interplay in team members’ activities, this study shed light on stress within teams.
Published: 2016

40. What are the effects of the aging of the neuromuscular system on postural stability?

Author: Alain Martin, Christophe Cornu, Gil Scaglioni, Gilles Berrut, Thomas Cattagni, Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM), Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] (CAPS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de médecine aïgue gériatrique [Nantes], PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Motricité, interaction, performance ( MIP ), Université de Nantes ( UN ), Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] ( CAPS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), and PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans ( UNAM ) -Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes ( CHU Nantes )
Subjects: Central Nervous System, Male, 030506 rehabilitation, nursing-home residents, 0302 clinical medicine, elderly adults, Elderly people, older-adults, risk-factors, Postural Balance, Aged, 80 and over, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Postural stability, triceps surae, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], 0305 other medical science, Falling (sensation), medicine.medical_specialty, soleus h-reflex, fall, mechanical-properties, human skeletal-muscle, Physical exercise, 03 medical and health sciences, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, ankle muscles, length-tension relationship, medicine, Humans, Inverse correlation, Muscle, Skeletal, Biological Psychiatry, Balance (ability), Aged, business.industry, aging, age-related-changes, balance control, Increased risk, postural stability, [ SDV.NEU ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Physical therapy, Accidental Falls, Neurology (clinical), Geriatrics and Gerontology, Ankle, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Aging is frequently associated with a decreased postural stability, essentially after 60 years, leading to an increased risk of falling. In this article we propose to highlight the influence of the aging of the neuromuscular system on postural stability when standing upright. To maintain balance while standing upright, human needs to control the activity of ankle muscles and particularly the plantar flexors. During the aging process, the performance of these muscles are strongly altered. It is commonly observed large deficits in elderly people with history of falls. Some authors reported an inverse correlation between the amplitude of postural sway and the capacity of force production of ankle muscles suggesting that the assessment of neuromuscular function could be an index of postural stability or even of the falling risk. Finally, enhance the strength of ankle muscles in elderly through physical exercise could be an adequate intervention to improve postural stability and reduce the incidence of falls.
Published: 2015

41. Sprint Mechanics in World-Class Athletes: A New Insight into the Limits of Human Locomotion

Author: Rabita, Giuseppe, DOREL, Sylvain, Slawinski, Jean, Saez de Villareal, Eduardo, Couturier, Antoine, Samozino, Pierre, MORIN, Jean-Benoît, Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance (INSEP), Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Centre de Recherche sur le Sport et le Mouvement (CeRSM), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Expertise Sport Santé (LAMHESS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA7370) (SEP (EA7370)), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance ( INSEP ), Motricité, interaction, performance ( MIP ), Université de Nantes ( UN ), Centre de Recherche sur le Sport et le Mouvement ( CeRSM ), Université Paris Nanterre ( UPN ), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité ( LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ), Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Expertise Sport Santé ( LAMHESS ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)
Subjects: Adult, Male, [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Performance, Acceleration, elite sprinters, Force orientation, Video Recording, Athletic Performance, Analyse du Mouvement en Biomécanique Physiologie et Imagerie, Biomechanical Phenomena, Running, Kinetics, Young Adult, power output, Exercise Test, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Humans, [PHYS.MECA.BIOM]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], [ SDV.IB.IMA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, [ PHYS.MECA.BIOM ] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph]
Abstract: Epub 2015 Jan 31; The objective of this study was to characterize the mechanics of maximal running sprint acceleration in high-level athletes. Four elite (100-m best time 9.95-10.29 s) and five sub-elite (10.40-10.60 s) sprinters performed seven sprints in overground conditions. A single virtual 40-m sprint was reconstructed and kinetics parameters were calculated for each step using a force platform system and video analyses. Anteroposterior force (FY), power (PY), and the ratio of the horizontal force component to the resultant (total) force (RF, which reflects the orientation of the resultant ground reaction force for each support phase) were computed as a function of velocity (V). FY-V, RF-V, and PY-V relationships were well described by significant linear (mean R(2) of 0.892 ± 0.049 and 0.950 ± 0.023) and quadratic (mean R(2) = 0.732 ± 0.114) models, respectively. The current study allows a better understanding of the mechanics of the sprint acceleration notably by modeling the relationships between the forward velocity and the main mechanical key variables of the sprint. As these findings partly concern world-class sprinters tested in overground conditions, they give new insights into some aspects of the biomechanical limits of human locomotion.
Published: 2015

42. Impairment in postural control is greater when ankle plantarflexors and dorsiflexors are fatigued simultaneously than when fatigued separately

Author: Etienne J. Bisson, Sébastien Cadieux, Anthony Remaud, Martin Bilodeau, Baptiste Morel, Sébastien Boyas, Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM), Image, Modélisation, Analyse, GEométrie, Synthèse (IMAGES), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Département de Mathématiques et de statistique [UdeM- Montréal] (DMS), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Télécom ParisTech-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom ParisTech-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Département de Mathématiques et Statistique (DMS), and Université de Montréal (UdeM)
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biophysics, Postural control, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Center of pressure (terrestrial locomotion), Humans, Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Muscle, Skeletal, Postural Balance, Eyes open, Vision, Ocular, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Proprioception, Muscle fatigue, business.industry, Rehabilitation, 030229 sport sciences, Biomechanical Phenomena, medicine.anatomical_structure, Muscle Fatigue, Physical therapy, Female, Ankle, business, Ankle Joint, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Muscle Contraction
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of ankle muscle fatigue on postural control when plantarflexors (PFs) and dorsiflexors (DFs) are fatigued simultaneously compared with separately. This study also investigated the recovery of postural control after fatigue. Sixteen adults (eight women and eight men) performed postural trials before and after an isokinetic fatigue task involving either (i) only PFs (308 s 1 ), (ii) only DFs (1208 s 1 ), or (iii) both PFs and DFs simultaneously. The fatigue task involved maximal contractions repeated until the torque produced decreased below 50% of the maximal torque. Postural trials lasted 30 s and were performed on one leg with eyes open (EO) or eyes closed (EC). Sway area, medio-lateral (ML) and antero-posterior (AP) positions and velocities were calculated from the center of pressure displacements. With EO, no effect of fatigue was found on postural variables. With EC, sway area and AP velocity increased only when both PFs and DFs were fatigued simultaneously. An effect of fatigue present only when both muscle groups are fatigued simultaneously could be due to impairment in the compensatory activity between agonist and antagonist muscles and/or a greater decrease in proprioception due to a greater number of fatigued muscles. In addition, when PFs and DFs were fatigued simultaneously, sway area and AP velocity returned to pre-fatigue values within 2 min, whereas a posterior shift in AP position persisted for 10 min. This last result may suggest a longer-lasting change in postural strategy needed for optimal postural control.
Published: 2011

43. Effects of plyometric training on both active and passive parts of the plantarflexors series elastic component stiffness of muscle–tendon complex

Author: Peter J. McNair, Antoine Nordez, Alexandre Fouré, Christophe Cornu, Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Auckland University of Technology (AUT), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM)
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Materials science, Adolescent, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena, Isometric exercise, Electromyography, Athletic Performance, Achilles Tendon, Models, Biological, Running, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Isometric Contraction, Physiology (medical), medicine, Humans, Elastic component, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Pliability, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Achilles tendon, medicine.diagnostic_test, Muscles, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Stiffness, 030229 sport sciences, General Medicine, musculoskeletal system, Elasticity, Tendon, medicine.anatomical_structure, Torque, Physical Fitness, Jump, Physical therapy, medicine.symptom, Muscle architecture, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Biomedical engineering
Abstract: The aims of this study were to determine the effects of plyometric training on both active and passive parts of the series elastic component (SEC) stiffness, and on geometrical parameters [i.e., muscle architecture, muscle and tendon cross-sectional area (CSA)] of the plantarflexors muscle-tendon complex to assess possible specific adaptations of the elastic properties. Nineteen subjects were randomly divided into a trained group and a control group. Active and passive components of the SEC stiffness were determined using a fast stretch during submaximal voluntary isometric plantarflexor activity. Geometrical parameters of the triceps surae muscles and the Achilles tendon were determined using ultrasonography. A significant increase in the passive component of the SEC stiffness was found (p0.05). In contrast, a significant decrease in the active part of the SEC stiffness was observed (p0.05). No significant changes in plantarflexor muscles CSA, architecture and Achilles tendon CSA were seen (p0.05). Thus, plyometric training led to specific adaptations within each part of the SEC. Theses adaptations could increase both the efficiency of the energy storage-recoil process and muscular tension transmission leading to an increase in jump performances.
Published: 2010

44. Interindividual variability of electromyographic patterns and pedal force profiles in trained cyclists

Author: Antoine Couturier, François Hug, Jean-Marc Drouet, Yvan Champoux, Sylvain Dorel, Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance (INSEP), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke], Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM)
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Pedaling, Physiology, Top dead center, [SHS.SPORT.PS]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sport/Sport physiology, Electromyography, Models, Biological, Standard deviation, Lower limb, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Redundancy, 0302 clinical medicine, Lag time, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Physiology (medical), medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Muscle Strength, Muscle, Skeletal, Mathematics, Observer Variation, Leg, medicine.diagnostic_test, Effective force, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, 030229 sport sciences, General Medicine, Anatomy, Mechanical, Bicycling, Biomechanical Phenomena, Variance ratio, body regions, Absolute deviation, Muscle, Heterogeneity, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Muscle Contraction
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether high inter-individual variability of the electromyographic (EMG) patterns during pedaling is accompanied by variability in the pedal force application patterns. Eleven male experienced cyclists were tested at two submaximal power outputs (150 and 250 W). Pedal force components (effective and total forces) and index of mechanical effectiveness were measured continuously using instrumented pedals and were synchronized with surface electromyography signals measured in ten lower limb muscles. The intersubject variability of EMG and mechanical patterns was assessed using standard deviation, mean deviation, variance ratio and coefficient of cross-correlation (\( \overline {R_{0} } , \) with lag time = 0). The results demonstrated a high intersubject variability of EMG patterns at both exercise intensities for biarticular muscles as a whole (and especially for Gastrocnemius lateralis and Rectus femoris) and for one monoarticular muscle (Tibialis anterior). However, this heterogeneity of EMG patterns is not accompanied by a so high intersubject variability in pedal force application patterns. A very low variability in the three mechanical profiles (effective force, total force and index of mechanical effectiveness) was obtained in the propulsive downstroke phase, although a greater variability in these mechanical patterns was found during upstroke and around the top dead center, and at 250 W when compared to 150 W. Overall, these results provide additional evidence for redundancy in the neuromuscular system.
Published: 2008

45. Acceleration Capability in Elite Sprinters and Ground Impulse : Push More, Brake Less?

Author: Antoine Couturier, Eduardo Saez de Villareal, Giuseppe Rabita, Sylvain Dorel, Jean-Benoit Morin, Pierre Samozino, Jean Slawinski, Matt Brughelli, Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Expertise Sport Santé (LAMHESS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre de Recherche sur le Sport et le Mouvement (CeRSM), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA7370) (SEP (EA7370)), Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance (INSEP), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Auckland University of Technology (AUT), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Expertise Sport Santé ( LAMHESS ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ), Centre de Recherche sur le Sport et le Mouvement ( CeRSM ), Université Paris Nanterre ( UPN ), Motricité, interaction, performance ( MIP ), Université de Nantes ( UN ), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité ( LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ), Auckland University of Technology ( AUT ), and Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance ( INSEP )
Subjects: Male, Ground reaction force, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Acceleration, Biomedical Engineering, Biophysics, Impulse (physics), Athletic Performance, Analyse du Mouvement en Biomécanique Physiologie et Imagerie, Running, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Linear regression, Brake, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Force platform, [PHYS.MECA.BIOM]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], [ SDV.IB.IMA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Simulation, [ PHYS.MECA.BIOM ] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Mathematics, Mechanical Phenomena, [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Rehabilitation, 030229 sport sciences, Mechanics, Biomechanical Phenomena, Sprint, Sprint start, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Epub 2015 Jul 17; Overground sprint studies have shown the importance of net horizontal ground reaction force impulse (IMPH) for acceleration performance, but only investigated one or two steps over the acceleration phase, and not in elite sprinters. The main aim of this study was to distinguish between propulsive (IMPH+) and braking (IMPH−) components of the IMPH and seek whether, for an expected higher IMPH, faster elite sprinters produce greater IMPH+, smaller IMPH−, or both.Nine high-level sprinters (100-m best times range: 9.95–10.60 s) performed 7 sprints (2×10 m, 2×15 m, 20 m, 30 m and 40 m) during which ground reaction force was measured by a 6.60 m force platform system. By placing the starting-blocks further from the force plates at each trial, and pooling the data, we could assess the mechanics of an entire “virtual” 40-m acceleration.IMPH and IMPH+ were significantly correlated with 40-m mean speed (r=0.868 and 0.802, respectively; P
Published: 2015

46. Determination of reliable force platform parameters and number of trial to evaluate sit-to-stand movement

Author: Frédéric Chorin, Christophe Cornu, Abderrahmane Rahmani, Bruno Beaune, Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Aging, medicine.medical_specialty, Knee Joint, Movement, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Posture, Impulse (physics), Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Lower limb muscle, medicine, Humans, Force platform, Postural Balance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mathematics, Sit to stand, Movement (music), Knee angle, Vertical axis, Repeatability, Middle Aged, Biomechanical Phenomena, Lower Extremity, Time and Motion Studies, Physical therapy, Geriatrics and Gerontology
Abstract: Sit-to-stand (STS) movement is useful for evaluating lower limb muscle function, especially from force platforms. Nevertheless, due to a lack of standardization of the STS movement (e.g., position, subject’s instructions, etc.), it is difficult to compare results obtained in previous studies. The aim of the present study was to determine the most relevant condition, parameters, and number of trial to perform STS movements. In this study, STS mechanical (maximal and mean force, impulse) and temporal parameters were measured in the vertical, medio-lateral and antero-posterior axes using a force platform. Five STS conditions (i.e., with or without armrests, variation of the height of the chair and the movement speed) were analyzed to evaluate repeatability of different standardized procedures. Most of the mechanical and temporal parameters were influenced by the STS condition (p
Published: 2015

47. Muscle and tendon stiffness assessment using the alpha method and ultrafast ultrasound

Author: Antoine Nordez, Christophe Cornu, Alexandre Fouré, Hugo Hauraix, Sylvain Dorel, Centre de résonance magnétique biologique et médicale (CRMBM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Laboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance, Université de Nantes (UN), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), and Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, passive parts, triceps surae aponeurosis, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], in-vivo, electromechanical delay, Tendons, 0302 clinical medicine, quick-release method, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Range of Motion, Articular, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Achilles tendon, Plantar flexors, Ultrasound, Stiffness, General Medicine, Anatomy, Fascicle, musculoskeletal system, Tendon, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, medicine.symptom, Range of motion, Muscle Contraction, Adult, musculoskeletal diseases, load-displacement properties, Materials science, animal structures, Fascicles, mechanical-properties, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Ankle joint, Physiology (medical), medicine, Gastrocnemius, Humans, Muscle, Skeletal, achilles-tendon, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, technology, industry, and agriculture, 030229 sport sciences, frame rate ultrasound, Muscle stiffness, body regions, Torque, Ankle, business, series elastic component, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: The alpha method enables the dissociation of the passive (i.e., tendinous tissues) and active (i.e., fascicles) part of muscle–tendon stiffness. It is based on two main assumptions (i.e., a constant tendon stiffness and a muscle stiffness proportional to the torque produced), which have not been approved in vivo. The purpose of this study was to validate these two assumptions using ultrafast ultrasound, and to compare fascicle and tendon stiffness as determined by both methods. Ten healthy males performed a fast-stretch experiment on the ankle plantar flexors. The mathematical model of the alpha method allowed to estimate the stiffness of muscle and tendinous tissues on the basis of the assumptions associated to the behaviors of muscle fascicles and tendinous tissues. Muscle and tendon stiffness of the gastrocnemius medialis were also calculated from ultrafast ultrasound measurements. Muscle stiffness measured by the ultrasound method increased from 217 ± 83 to 720 ± 265 N/mm with an increasing level of force (from 30 to 90 % MVC). Tendinous stiffness measured by the ultrasound method remained constant across the force level (P
Published: 2015

48. A simple method for measuring power, force, velocity properties, and mechanical effectiveness in sprint running

Author: Samozino, Pierre, Rabita, Giuseppe, Dorel, Sylvain, Slawinski, Jean, Peyrot, Nicolas, Saez de Villareal, Eduardo, Morin, Jean-Benoît, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance (INSEP), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Centre de Recherche sur le Sport et le Mouvement (CeRSM), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Déterminants Interculturels de la Motricité et de la Performance Sportive (DIMPS), Université de La Réunion (UR), Universidad Pablo de Olavide [Sevilla] (UPO), Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Expertise Sport Santé (LAMHESS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité ( LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ), Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance ( INSEP ), Motricité, interaction, performance ( MIP ), Université de Nantes ( UN ), Centre de Recherche sur le Sport et le Mouvement ( CeRSM ), Université Paris Nanterre ( UPN ), Déterminants Interculturels de la Motricité et de la Performance Sportive ( DIMPS ), Université de la Réunion ( UR ), Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Expertise Sport Santé ( LAMHESS ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), and Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS)
Subjects: [PHYS.MECA.BIOM]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], [ PHYS.MECA.BIOM ] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph]
Abstract: International audience; This study aimed to validate a simple field method for determining force– and power–velocity relationships and mechanical effectiveness of force application during sprint running. The proposed method, based on an inverse dynamic approach applied to the body center of mass, estimates the step-averaged ground reaction forces in runner's sagittal plane of motion during overground sprint acceleration from only anthropometric and spatio-temporal data. Force– and power–velocity relationships, the associated variables, and mechanical effectiveness were determined (a) on nine sprinters using both the proposed method and force plate measurements and (b) on six other sprinters using the proposed method during several consecutive trials to assess the inter-trial reliability. The low bias (
Published: 2015

49. Evidence for a vasomotor cyclo-oxygenase dependent mechanism of sensitization at the cutaneous level

Author: Mahé, Guillaume, Abraham, Pierre, Humeau-Heurtier, Anne, Gascoin, Lydie, Lefthériotis, Georges, Durand, Sylvain, Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] (CIC), Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Biologie Neurovasculaire et Mitochondriale Intégrée (BNMI), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Angevin de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes (LARIS), Université d'Angers (UA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), This study was supported by the university hospital of Angers (Microtec study) and was promoted by the University Hospital of Angers., Laboratoire de Physiologie et d'Explorations Vasculaires, PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Christian Medical College & Hospital, Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM), Jonchère, Laurent, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université d'Angers (UA), and Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS)
Subjects: Male, skin, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], prostaglandins, Young Adult, Double-Blind Method, Skin Physiological Phenomena, Laser-Doppler Flowmetry, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Humans, blood flow, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Cross-Over Studies, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Aspirin, Microcirculation, iontophoresis, laser Doppler flowmetry, Healthy Volunteers, Methods in Clinical Pharmacology, Vasodilation, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases, [SDV.SP.PHARMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology, Female, Skin Temperature, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; Aims - Current-induced vasodilation (CIV) is an axon-reflex response observed during monopolar current application such as iontophoresis. Cyclo-oxygenase derivates (COD) participate in CIV and act as sensitizing agents at the anodal level. Mechanisms involved during cathodal current application (CCA) are partially unknown. In a randomized double-blind crossover trial, we tested in 16 healthy subjects (i) the influence of the inter-stimulation interval (I-I) by comparing CIV following all-at-once 10 s CCA against 2 × 5 s CCA with intervals ranging from15 s-16 min and (ii) the participation of COD in CIV using 1 g aspirin or placebo intake.Methods - Measurements were repeated 2 h and 14 days after treatment. Laser Doppler flowmetry assessed cutaneous blood flow, reported in multiples of baseline. Results - Before treatment, peak vasodilation 10 min after the last current application (CVCstim2 ) increased compared with baseline whatever the I-I. Increase in CVCstim2 from baseline was greater for the 4 min (9.4 (5.3, 10.9) times; median (1(st) percentile, 3(rd) percentile)) and higher I-Is compared with all-at-once delivery (3.0 (2.1, 4.3) times, P < 0.05). The response was similar after placebo but aspirin abolished this vasodilation (increase by 1.2 (1.1, 1.3) times for all-at-once delivery and by 1.5 (1.3, 1.7) ± 0.3 times for 4 min interval, 2 h after aspirin intake) that recovered after 14 days. Conclusions - This confirms the participation of COD in CIV with CCA and their sensitizing action. This model can represent an attractive way to study the axon-reflex and sensitizing function of COD in humans.
Published: 2015

50. An enhanced experimental procedure to rationalize on the impairment of perception of action capabilities

Author: Yannick Daviaux, Jessica Tallet, Sylvain Cremoux, Christophe Cornu, David Amarantini, Thibault Deschamps, Akiani, akiani, Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Mécanique et d'Informatique industrielles et Humaines - UMR 8201 (LAMIH), Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Programme Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Sciences du Sport et du Mouvement Humain (PRISSMH), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Département de kinésiologie, Imagerie cérébrale et handicaps neurologiques, Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Laboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance (UPRES EA 4334), Université de Nantes (UN), Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSA Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Hauts-de-France (INSA Hauts-De-France), Imagerie cérébrale et handicaps neurologiques (ICHN), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM)
Subjects: Male, genetic structures, Adolescent, media_common.quotation_subject, Environment controlled, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Large range, 050105 experimental psychology, Developmental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Sensorimotor integration, Stress, Physiological, Perception, Encoding (memory), Developmental and Educational Psychology, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, media_common, Hand Strength, Psychological research, Respiration, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, Brain, General Medicine, Neurophysiology, Action (philosophy), Visual Perception, Female, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Psychomotor Performance, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: It is well documented that changes in the physiological states of the perceiver–actor influence the perception of action capabilities. However, because experimental procedures of most studies involved a limitless availability for stimuli visual encoding and perceptual strategies, it remains difficult to adopt a single position among the large range of alternative interpretations for impaired perception. A reaching-to-grasp paradigm under breathing restriction was adapted from Graydon et al. (Cogn Emot 26:1301–1305, 2012) to standardize the time for encoding of stimuli information and narrowed the involvement of perceptual strategies. In the present study, we propose a highly controlled environment where the discrete information is presented during 300 ms, congruently with neurophysiological studies focused on visuomotor transformation. An underestimation of the perception of action capabilities is found under breath restriction, suggesting that 300 ms for stimuli encoding is sufficient to induce altered visuomotor brain transformations when limiting the involvement of perceptual strategies. This result suggests that such behavior could refer to an impaired brain potentiation of the perceptual occurrence, providing strong hypotheses on the brain dynamics of sensorimotor integration that underlie impaired perception of action capabilities in stressful situations.
Published: 2015

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