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Background: Electrical impedance scanning (EIS) measures changes in breast tissue associated with breast cancer (Br-Ca) development. The T-Scan(tm2000 (ED is designed to use EIS to identify women ages 30-39 with elevated risk of breast cancer (i.e., T-Scan+ women)., Aim: To estimate the relative probability of breast cancer in a T-Scan+ woman compared to a randomly selected young woman., Methods: A prospective, two-cohort trial was conducted in pre-menopausal women. The Specificity (S(p))-Cohort evaluated T-Scan specificity in 1,751 asymptomatic women ages 30-39. The Sensitivity)S(n))-Cohort evaluated T-Scan sensitivity in 390 women ages 45-30 scheduled for biopsy. Specificity, sensitivity, and conservative estimate of disease prevalence were used to calculate relative probability., Results: In the S(p)-Cohort, 93 of 1,751 women were T-Scan+ (S(p) = 94.7%; 95% CI: 93.7-95.7%). In the S(n)-Cohort, 23 of 87 biopsy-proven cancers were T-Scan+ (S(n) = 26.4%; 95% CI: 17.4-35.4%). Given S(p) = 94.7%, S(n) = 26.4% and prevalence of 1.5 cancers/1,000 women (ages 30-39), the relative probability of a T-Scan+ woman having Br-Ca is 4.95: (95% CI: 3.16-7.14)., Conclusion: EIS can identify a subset of young women with a relative probability of breast cancer almost five times greater than in the population of young women at-large. T-Scan+ women have a sufficiently high risk of Br-Ca to warrant further surveillance or imaging.

Background: One way to improve the cost-benefit ratio for breast cancer screening in younger women is to identify those at high-risk of breast cancer and manage them in an optimal manner. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of Electrical Impedance Scanning (EIS) for identifying young women who are at risk for having breast cancer and should be followed with directed imaging technologies., Methods: A prospective, observational, two-arm, multi-site clinical trial was performed on women aged 30-45 years. The 'Sensitivity Arm' included Clinical Breast Examinations (CBE) and EIS (T-Scan 2000ED) on 189 women prior to scheduled breast biopsy. The 'Specificity Arm' included 1361 asymptomatic women visiting clinics for routine annual well-woman examination. Sensitivity and specificity were determined. Relative probability for a woman with a positive EIS examination was computed and compared with other approaches commonly used to define 'high-risk' in this population., Results: Fifty of 189 women in the Sensitivity arm had verified cancers, 19 of whom had positive EIS examination resulting in sensitivity of 38% (19/50). Of the 1361 women in the Specificity arm, 67 had positive EIS examination resulting in a specificity of 95% (1294/1361). The relative probability of a woman with a positive EIS examination was 7.68, which compares favorably with other established risk identifiers (e.g. two first-degree relatives with breast cancer or atypical ductal hyperplasia)., Conclusion: EIS may have an important role as a screening tool for identifying young women that should be followed more closely with advanced imaging technologies for early detection of breast cancer.

In this paper we present the T-SCAN technology and its use as a diagnostic tool for breast cancer detection. We show, using theoretical models with simplified geometries, that displaying planar two-dimensional maps of the currents detected at the breast's surface relate to the electric field distribution within the breast. This distribution is a manifestation of the bulk spatial inhomogeneities in the complex dielectric constant that represent the various tissue types. These differences may be used to discriminate between various pathological states. We furthermore illustrate a useful classifier, based on admittance data measured up to 2 kHz, and we argue that low frequency impedance measurements can be used successfully in breast cancer diagnosis.