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In his study, the author aims to discuss the singular genitive-dative case form of the inherited Latin noun nea 'snow'. The focus on this particular nominal form is justified because both the authors of the main Romanian or Romance dictionaries (whether explanatory or etymological) and linguists have either not considered it or have not provided acceptable interpretative solutions. The author will appeal to diachronic, Romance, etymological, and morphological linguistic facts to support an objective argumentation. This approach intends to highlight new data that can clarify this investigative drawback in Romanian diachronic (and synchronic) grammar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Forests / Revista Pădurilor is the property of Societatea Progresul Silvic / Forest Progress Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The current codification of neuter plural agreement in Czech does not fully reflect contemporary usage and has no convincing support in arguments from a functional or communicative perspective. This article presents the results of a corpus analysis focusing on agreement in the noun phrase (nová/é/ý města 'new towns') and in the active participle (města byla/y 'towns were') with respect to the variability of Czech registers. The analysis of the frequencies of variants in eight different corpora representing various types of written texts, internet communication and spoken registers shows that the occurrence of non-codified forms is influenced by the mode of communication (written vs. spoken), and the degree of formality and spontaneity of the given communication; e.g., in more formal and prepared monologues, non-codified variants are as frequent as the codified ones. Exclusive occurrence of the codified forms can be detected only in those written texts whose authors take considerable account of the codification. The results of the study highlight the need to reconceptualise the language policy of Czech. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mammary glands are the main site of milk synthesis and secretion, and its conditions such as mastitis are the common cause of decreased milk production. For this reason, knowledge of the anatomy of the mammary gland in its various stages is desirable, in order to understand the necessary elements of the physiology, pathology and management of various mammary diseases. In this bibliographic report, the main elements of anatomy (internal and external structure), morphology, histology and cytology of the mammary gland are presented, as well as the cellular elements of milk synthesis and secretion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bohemistyka is the property of Instytut Filologii Slowianskiej Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The order Psittaciformes taxonomically includes the families Loriidae (Lori parrots or parakeets), Cacaduidae (crested parrots and nymph parakeets) and Psittacidae (parrots and true parakeets). The ever-increasing desire to obtain specimens with plumage and especially with spectacular chromatics led in many situations to the reproduction through repeated inbreeding and in extremely close degrees of kinship (even the repetition over several generations of mother-son or father-daughter pairings), determining, secondarily, important changes in the metabolism and immune system of the obtained products, characters that were transmitted to the following generations. The maintenance conditions are not always correlated with the needs of the respective species. In many cases, the knowledge about the eco-biology of psittacines raised in captivity is quite poor, leading to an increase in their sensitivity. In recent years, in the clinic of these bird species, we have been dealing with extremely diverse pathologies or metabolic changes that have never been described or even observed in parrots in the wild. Among the difficult pathological problems in terms of diagnosis and therapeutic conduct, there are infectious diseases with bacterial etiology, often confused with a series of diseases with extremely different etiologies. Some of the most common bacterial diseases in recent times are staphylococci, with various evolutions: digestive, respiratory or integumentary. The correct diagnosis, using the current laboratory methods and the morphopathogenetic knowledge of the species and strains involved, allows a rapid therapeutic intervention, with positive results [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present the potential of quantitative methods for the research of proper names (mostly personal and place names) as units operating in Czech texts. Three case studies treat particular research topics on the background of the development of Czech onomastics in the 20th century and in the first decades of the 21st century. They are aimed at 1) quantification of relational (semantic) patterns; 2) collocation analysis; 3) morphological categories of proper names. The text also provides an overview of previous attempts to apply quantitative and corpus approaches to proper name research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author analyzes the morphological features of the popular novel Barlaam Josaphat. The novel was translated by Udriște Năsturel from Slavonic into Romanian in 1648. The examples were extracted from the oldest copy of this writing, which is found in the bilingual Romanian-Slavonic manuscript 588 at the Romanian Academy Library in Bucharest. Less common linguistic phenomena are compared with another manuscript version of the novel, found in ms. rom. 3339. While in the case of syntax or lexicon, the text often reflects the influence of the original Slavonic language it was translated from, at this level of analysis, fewer language facts can be attributed to a foreign influence. Among these are some verbal and adverbial expressions modeled after Slavonic patterns. Most of these did not survive in the language. At the level of reflexive pronouns, some unusual constructions can be explained by the innovative tendencies of Udriște Năsturel, who wanted to differentiate written language from spoken language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of the research prove that adhesives based on chloroprene rubber can be obtained not only in combination with phenol-formaldehyde resins, but also with other polymers. Selected chlorobutyl rubber (CIIR) and high styrene rubber (KER) proved to be substitutes for phenolic resins, which were used to obtain adhesive compositions with good properties. Despite the existing opinion on the same polarity of the components of the adhesive composition, guaranteeing the most favorable properties, it was shown that compositions with different polarity have all the parameters of quality adhesives. Components with different polarity also show the effect of mutual reinforcement, which determines the alignment, orientation ability of macromolecular chains and occurrence of cohesion and adhesion interactions. The observed textures obtained after mechanical impact proved this claim. Adhesives with more developed textures have better adhesive properties. The selected research methods successfully predict the properties of the components and facilitate their selection and amount. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to illustrate through two sentences how foreign learners perceive the structure of the Czech language. Respondents were asked to write answers on how the language works, what the syntactic relations of the sentence members are, and why the chosen words have their concrete forms with respect to the whole clause. The survey collected answers of a wide range of respondents with respect to both the number of years of studying the Czech language and their native language. After a brief introduction to the Czech language focusing mainly on the syntactic and morphological pro per ties that were at the center of attention in this survey, the chosen survey questions are analyzed. It turned out that learners of the Czech language were willing to participate in this survey; in total the respondents provided answers in 95.7 % of cases, which helped to get more exact results. It emerged that respondents of the survey fully answered the questions correctly in 52.7 % of cases. The remaining 47.3 % of responses were either wrong or incomplete depending on the form of the question. The results of this survey lead us to the conclusion that it might be worth focusing more on the system of morphology and syntax while teaching Czech for foreigners. The complete list of answers with respect to the number of years of studying the Czech language is attached in the appendix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bohemistyka is the property of Instytut Filologii Slowianskiej Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study presents a detailed geomorphological characterization of the volcanic mountains of Transcarpathia. Materials of previous geological researches, including the Transcarpathian geological exploration expedition, supplemented by the results of our own field researches, are systematized. Based on the analysis of relief forms and taking into account geomorphological and tectonic factors, Vyhorlat-Gutyn morphostructure of the second order is divided into morphostructures of the third order: Poprychny, Antaliv-Synyatska, Velykyi Dil, Tupy and Oash, which in turn are divided into morphostructures of lower orders. The Mukachevo morphostructure of the second order is composed of the following morphostructures of the third order: Beregovo hills, Kosino Biganski hills, volcanic remains (Shalanka, Chorna Gora). Based on a detailed analysis of the collected materials, it was determined that the main role in shaping the modern relief of volcanic mountains belongs to channel and temporary water flows and weathering processe; consequently, river valleys and weathering surfaces were formed, which are the most important morphosculptures. On the basis of morphological and structural lithological approach, as well as own field research, a geomorphological map of the volcanic mountains mountains of Transcarpathia on a scale of 1: 100,000 was compiled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the activation of the surface of karakul (astrakhan) leather tissue by laser exposure, changes in the surface morphology of karakul leather tissue during laser processing and subsequent glutaraldehyde tanning combined with chrome tanning of karakul leather. The morphology of the surface of the sample was investigated by the methods of optical and scanning electron microscopy and the elemental analysis of the skin tissue of karakul under the action of laser radiation from the front side was carried out. Dry tanning was carried out after laser exposure. For the first time, the morphology of the surface of the skin tissue of karakul was investigated using a laser generating in a two-pulse mode (pulses are separated by a time interval of 3 μs, pulse duration of 10 ns) with a wavelength of 1064 nm in a wide range of deposited energies, which lead, as to the mode of ablation of the surface of the skin tissue of karakul and to its perforation followed by glutaraldehyde tanning. The possibility of changing the consumer parameters of the skin tissue of karakul due to the dermis dissociation, conformational changes, which lead to a change in the structure, is shown. At energies more than 30 J, the skin is perforated with carbonization of the edges of the holes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bohemica Olomucensia is the property of Palacky University in Olomouc and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In hisstudy, the authoraims at a careful analysis of the syntactic implications of the phrase în semn de ‘as a sign of’ which has certainly been used in the past and which is also frequently used nowadays in the standard language. In Old Romanian, the phrase în semn de ‘as a sign of’ has not been used frequently, yet the several occurrences which were identified help us understand its meanings and functional roles at sentence level. From a semantic perspective, the phrase evinces multiple variations, which may express quality, cause and scope. The analysis performed by the authoris consequently aimed at comprehending complex syntactic structures which are built with the help of the prepositional phrase in question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Philologia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a sensitive neuropathy of the upper limb caused by chronic compression of the median nerve. The presented study focused on highlighting the value of morphological changes of the median nerve - shown by MRI in the management of carpal tunnel syndrome. The study group included 23 patients, adults, treated in the Plastic Surgery Clinic of the County Emergency Clinical Hospital in Constanta - prospective study. Magnetic resonance imaging allowed accurate measurement of the median nerve diameter and showed significant decreases in most cases, which suggested an advanced stage of the disease - morphological changes being corroborated with clinical ones. This imagistic investigation opens a new way in establishing the surgical indication, which is required in case of reduction of the nerve diameter by at least 1.5mm at the site of compression. The criterion of diameter decrease can be a benchmark in order to establish a therapeutic algorithm in carpal tunnel syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Încă relativ recent, pneumonita de hipersesibilitate (PH) era considerată o pneumopatie interstițială difuză (PID) rară, însă în ultimii ani,grație tehnicilor imagistice, ponderea acestei nozologii este în creștere. Datorită discordanțelor în definiție și în criterii diagnostice,PH rămâne o provocare în plan diagnostic și de conduită. În această revistă de literatură sunt sumarizate rezultatele studiilor existente precum și opiniile experților în domeniu.

In patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) the risk of stroke is five times higher than in patients with sinus rhythm. Moreover, stroke is likely to be more severe in the AF patient population. Left atrial appendage (LAA) is the most common source of emboli in AF-related stroke. LAA thrombus is present in 15% of AF patients. Therefore, numerous studies aimed to evaluate the role of LAA structure and function in stroke formation. Higher LAA volume and bigger LAA orifice have been reported to be associated with increased risks of stroke. Moreover, not only the size, but also the shape of the LAA influences thrombus formation. The presence of an obvious bend in the proximal part of the dominant LAA lobe, described as chicken wing LAA morphology has been reported to be protective against stroke. However, other studies are not consistent with this finding and there is no consensus about LAA morphology categories. LAA has reservoir, contractile, electric and endocrine functions, that can provide essential information about the risk of clot formation and embolic events. Decreased LAA flow velocity, reflecting lower LAA contractility has been described to be associated with higher stroke risk. All in all, even if the LAA plays an important role in stroke formation, there are controversial literature data, therefore further studies are needed to evaluate the underlying mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Argument (2067-4252) is the property of Universitatea de Arhitectura si Urbanism "Ion Mincu" Bucuresti and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archaeological Materials & Research / Materiale şi Cercetǎri Arheologice is the property of Institute of Archaeology "Vasile Parvan" and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zpravoday Hnede Uhli is the property of Brown Coal Research Institute, j.s.c. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper deals with intensifying (expletive) insertion reminiscent of infixation (debatable in English). The inserted intensifiers placed inside the base are (unlike infixes) free morphemes producing what have been called "un-bloody-likely" words which contravene the presumably universally valid uninterruptibility criterion defining the word. The paper, drawing on literature, web search and the analysis of a sample of attested intensified words (Vojtěch 2019), describes the properties of the base and the intensifier (expletive) and the principles governing the placement of the intensifier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes the construction and testing of an electronic application for semi-automatic morphological analysis of Old English. It introduces the state of the art in the field of electronic analysis of Old English, provides a brief overview of Old English morphology and discusses the reasoning behind our theoretical framework. An account of the chosen methodology is offered and a specific description of its implementation is provided: from the acquisition and preparation of the lexical input data, through the programming of the forms generator to the testing of the results by analysing Old English text. The resulting recall of 95% is a success; however, the paper also hints at how it may be improved. It also discusses further use and development of the analyser, especially the disambiguation of its results. The paper makes a future semi-automatic morphological tagging of Old English texts a real possibility.

The aim of this study is the issue of competitive endings -α and -u of genitive singular inanimate masculine nouns in the context of foreign language teaching. The emphasis is on a systematic description of genitive endings -α and -u using corpus methods. In the first step, we analysed the part of the learner corpus including texts of Slavic language speaking students. The results have shown that students quite often confuse both of these endings: the correct ending -u frequently substituted by -α. Next, we examined the competition of genitive endings within the corpus of contemporary Czech using the Morfio tool that identifies relevant word pairs for further analysis. The identified pairs were divided into three categories: a) nouns with the same etymological origin and meaning, b) nouns with the same etymological origin but different meaning, and c) nouns with inconclusive competition of genitive endings. A systemised list of pairs, along with the proportional and absolute frequency given, is a source of information on the use of appropriate endings, with respect to frequency. The information is crucial for students of Czech as a foreign language in order to choose an appropriate variant with the ending that is closest to the current usage. Based on the analysed material, we proposed three model corpus exercises: two direct exercises for determining a more frequent variant, and one indirect exercise -- taking into account semantic differences in the usage of particular endings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is dedicated to horse chesnut as a suitable model organism for teaching botany at all levels of our schools. Horse chestnut is literally predisposed to didacticisation in botany teaching due to its general distribution, large and conspicuous organs; we are basically sure that pupils really know it. The paper focuses mainly on the morphological and anatomical characters that can be demonstrated during teaching biology; topics that are conspicuously or typically developed-firstly its origin (geographic and etymological), later it is devoted to vegetative and finally reproductive organs. The parasite horse-chestnut leaf miner is also discussed. It provides a description of all aspects and broader contexts that can be beneficial in school teaching; this paper does not attempt to present this information in the form of a project proposal or comprehensive activities, rather it should inspire and encourage laboratory and field work in biology classes in common ways-we believe that teachers will choose activities that are appropriate for their teaching. In addition to botanical content, the paper also links to the teaching of microbiology or chemistry to facilitate the use of interdisciplinary topics both in biology and in the natural sciences. The paper is divided in two following up parts; this is the second part that focuses on reproductive organs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is dedicated to horse chesnut as a suitable model organism for teaching botany at all levels of our schools. Horse chestnut is literally predisposed to didacticisation in botany teaching due to its general distribution, large and conspicuous organs; we are basically sure that pupils really know it. The paper focuses mainly on the morphological and anatomical characters that can be demonstrated during teaching biology; topics that are conspicuously or typically developed - firstly its origin (geographic and etymological), later it is devoted to vegetative and finally reproductive organs. The parasite horse-chestnut leaf miner is also discussed. It provides a description of all aspects and broader contexts that can be beneficial in school teaching; this paper does not attempt to present this information in the form of a project proposal or comprehensive activities, rather it should inspire and encourage laboratory and field work in biology classes in common ways - we believe that teachers will choose activities that are appropriate for their teaching. In addition to botanical content, the paper also links to the teaching of microbiology or chemistry to facilitate the use of interdisciplinary topics both in biology and in the natural sciences. The paper is divided in two following up parts; this part focuses on common characteristics and vegetative organs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Echocardiography plays a central role in the characterization of the mitral valve (MV) morphology and function. In the past decade, the development of three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) has revolutionized valvular imaging, becoming the technique of choice for an accurate evaluation of the MV anatomy and pathophysiology. Transthoracic and transoesophageal 3DE represent complementary imaging techniques to assess the complex MV apparatus in the beating heart, to plan interventions, to monitor transcatheter procedures (e.g. MitraClip, mitral valve balloon valvuloplasty, and paravalvular leak closure) and to assess the results of surgical repair. The aim of this article is to review the contribution of 3DE in evaluating the anatomy and function of the MV apparatus in a variety of MV diseases, highlighting the current clinical applications of this essential echocardiography technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of dentalTarget is the property of dentalTarget and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Philologia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present case study deals with the functions of the Czech verbal prefix po-. Three functions of the prefix are analysed by contrasting the existing theoretical descriptions with corpus data. In its primary, word-formational function, po- modifies the meaning of the base verb (expressing one of the semantic features described as Aktionsart or other meanings; e.g. kreslit 'to draw' > pokreslit 'to cover with drawings'). In its second function, po- derives perfective counterparts from the imperfective verb; here, the prefix is considered to be a grammatical means used for the formation of aspectual pairs of verbs (cf. kárat 'to admonish.impf' > pokárat 'to admonish.pf'). The third function of po- is manifested in the class of determinate verbs; it is a part of the morphological form of these verbs in their (imperfective) future meaning (e.g. běžet 'to run' - poběží '(he) will run'). A group of verbs suspected of exhibiting similar behaviour as the pure determinate verbs is analysed and attested using the corpus data. Finally, the competition between the prefix po- and several tens of prefixes in Czech verbs is commented upon and the position of the prefixed verbs within word-formation nests is sketched. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the phonological, morphological and orthographical features of -man compounds in Romanian. Compound nouns such as: businessman, gentleman, cameraman, yeoman, etc. are divided, based on the meaning of the second part, into two semantic types: (a) compound nouns with - man1 (= amateur of, passionate about) and (b) compound nouns with-man2 (= man). According to the identity/nonidentity between the writing and the pronunciation of -man/-men, DOOM1 classifies these nouns into two formal types: (a) nouns written and pronounced man/[man]: barman/barmani, cameraman/cameramani, vatman/vatmani etc. (b) nouns written man (sometimes pronounced [men]) in the singular, and -men (pronounced [men]) in the plural: businessman/-businessmeni, gentleman/-gentlemeni etc. DOOM2 offers a different classification, in which the second formal type is subdivided into three categories: (b1) nouns written and pronounced men/[men]: tenismen/tenismeni, recordman/recordmeni, etc. (b2) nouns written man (pronounced [men]) in the singular, and men (pronounced [men]) in the plural: businessman/businessmeni, gentleman/gentlemeni, etc. and (b3) nouns written man (pronounced [men]) in the singular, and men (pronounced [men]) in the plural, which have a distinctive morphological feature: irregular English plural instead of a typical Romanian plural: self-made-man/selfmade-men. This complex classification has serious phonological, morphological and orthographical consequences: the traditional correlations between letter and sound in Romanian change ([e] is written both e: tenismen, and a: gentleman), the opposition singular-plural is marked only by internal changes of the noun: self-made-man/self-made-men and orthographical difficulties emerge as a result of pronouncing [men], but writing either men: trustmen, or man: superman. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lucrari Stiintifice, Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole Si Medicina Veterinara Ion Ionescu de la Brad Iasi, Seria Horticultura is the property of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (Editura Ion Ionescu de la Brad) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bohemistyka is the property of Instytut Filologii Slowianskiej Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article deals with the use of prefixes in the Czech accentual syllabic trochee. We test a hypothesis raised by Miroslav Červenka, Květa Sgallová, and Petr Kaiser which states that some authors in the 19th century used prefixes to moderate rhythmical irregularities. In our analysis - based on automatic prefix recognition in a large body of poetic texts from the Corpus of Czech Verse - we observe a clear tendency in the work of some authors to employ prefixes in such contexts with a frequency significantly higher than would be expected merely by chance. Furthermore, we observe this technique to be very common in the first half of the 19th century, but to gradually disappear in later works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with Czech toponyms with the neuter ending -o, occurring almost exclusively in Southwest Bohemia. These neuter forms are regarded as (mostly unofficial) variants of masculine names. These forms are attested both in non-settlement names (mostly field names) and settlement names. Especially the settlement names data are rather rich; they include unofficial variants of toponyms and their historical records (some of the historical records are very old, beginning as early as in the 12th century). The area of occurrence of toponyms of this type has been compared to the dialectal area of the indeclinable form of possessive adjectives ending in -ovo found in Southwest Bohemia; the correspondence of these two areas is striking and can hardly be coincidental. According to the author's hypothesis, the change of the toponyms ending in -ov and -ín to -ovo and -ino started in the historical period in which the original possessive function of the names and their connection with possessive adjectives was still transparent. Based on the toponymic evidence, it seems that the Southwest Bohemian dialectal phenomenon of possessive adjectives ending in -ovo must be extremely old, reaching as far back as the 12th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes the construction and testing of an electronic application for semi-automatic morphological analysis of Old English. It introduces the state of the art in the field of electronic analysis of Old English, provides a brief overview of Old English morphology and discusses the reasoning behind our theoretical framework. An account of the chosen methodology is offered and a specific description of its implementation is provided: from the acquisition and preparation of the lexical input data, through the programming of the forms generator to the testing of the results by analysing Old English text. The resulting recall of 95% is a success; however, the paper also hints at how it may be improved. It also discusses further use and development of the analyser, especially the disambiguation of its results. The paper makes a future semi-automatic morphological tagging of Old English texts a real possibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]