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Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), a malignant neoplasm characterized by the rapid proliferation of abnormal cells in the bone marrow, often manifests oral signs such as gingival bleeding and purple-colored gum hyperplasia. This clinical case underscores the pivotal role of dentists in diagnosing AML, shedding light on the nuanced presentation of hematological diseases in the oral cavity. A 57-year-old Caucasian female with a history of fibromyalgia and current use of Fluoxetine and Amitriptyline presented with a chief complaint of gum pain and bleeding persisting for 60 days. Clinical examination revealed distinctive purple hemorrhagic gingival hyperplasia, prompting a comprehensive evaluation. Initial investigations, including a full blood count, clotting profile, and HIV serology (suspected Kaposi's sarcoma), returned within normal parameters. Recognizing the potential severity of the oral manifestation, the patient was promptly referred for oncology-hematology assessment. Given the suspicion of an underlying hematologic condition, an incisional biopsy was performed, revealing a diagnosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. This diagnosis, unexpected in the absence of abnormal laboratory findings, underscores the imperative role of dental professionals in early detection and referral. This case serves as a compelling example highlighting the significance of dental professionals in identifying potentially life-threatening oral lesions, even when routine laboratory tests appear normal. The timely and astute recognition of aberrant oral presentations can expedite referral to specialized medical care, significantly influencing patient outcomes. In essence, the presented case reinforces the critical collaboration between dentists and oncology-hematology specialists, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive understanding of oral manifestations of systemic diseases. This interdisciplinary approach contributes not only to the prompt diagnosis of potentially severe conditions like AML but also to the overall well-being of the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proper preservation of biopsy specimens is crucial for maintaining cellular integrity during histological processing, significantly influencing the quality of immunohistochemical (IHC) and histological analyses. Despite recommendations for 10% buffered formalin as the ideal fixative, pathology labs often receive materials in various solutions. This study assesses the effects of different solutions and temperatures on histological and immunostaining outcomes in IHC reactions, a pivotal diagnostic tool for detecting specific proteins in tissue samples. Skin samples from euthanized Wistar rats were collected and fixed in different solutions (buffered and unbuffered formaldehyde, alcohol, and saline), stored for 24 hours, 7 days, and 30 days. Staining involved Hematoxylin and Eosin, along with Monoclonal Mouse Anti-Human Muscle Actin antibody (Code HHF-35, Dako Denmark). Qualitative and quantitative assessments were conducted. Histological analysis revealed that samples fixed in formalin at room temperature exhibited higher immunostaining and more homogeneous tissue structures than those stored in the refrigerator. Fragments stored in alcohol and saline exhibited reduced immunostaining and tissue autolysis, respectively. Rat skin samples fixed with 10% formalin at room temperature for up to 7 days yielded superior histological and immunohistochemical results, considering cellular expression and integrity. Refrigerated storage increased the incidence of tissue artifacts. This study underscores the importance of optimal storage conditions for preserving tissue quality in histopathological investigations. Valuable insights are provided for pathology laboratories handling diverse fixative solutions, emphasizing the need for adherence to recommended protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores an innovative therapeutic strategy by integrating photodynamic therapy (PDT) and hyperbaric chamber treatment for effective osteonecrosis management. A 65-year-old male with metastatic prostate cancer, receiving Zometa® treatment, presented bilateral mandibular exposed bone, causing pain. A multidisciplinary approach was employed, using topical antiseptics, PDT sessions, and hyperbaric therapy to address the complex condition. During follow-up, the patient underwent sequestrectomy due to bone sequestration. Subsequent tissue repair occurred smoothly, and the patient remained asymptomatic for three years post-treatment. This integrated approach shows promise in managing osteonecrosis, addressing microbial burden, and enhancing tissue repair. PDT and hyperbaric therapy offer a comprehensive solution for osteonecrosis. Further investigations are essential to validate and refine this approach, potentially establishing it as a standard protocol in oral medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a series of six cases involving patients who underwent previous cancer treatments and utilized bisphosphonates, monoclonal antibodies, and high-dose corticosteroids, subsequently experiencing osteonecrosis in the oral cavity. The associated challenges included pain, recurrent infections, diminished quality of life—especially in terms of food intake—and social discomfort due to characteristic lesion odor. Medication-associated osteonecrosis (OAM) is identified as an injury leading to the temporary or permanent loss of blood supply to bones, with diverse causal factors. Patients underwent thorough anamnesis, substantiating medication use via medical prescriptions, clinical examinations by qualified Dental Surgeons, and imaging assessments including panoramic radiography, periapical radiographs during follow-up, and, in specific cases, computed tomography. The treatment involved weekly monitoring, adjusting consultation frequencies as the condition stabilized, and implementing Sonodynamic Therapy (SDT). SDT, an innovative approach, utilizes low-frequency, high-intensity ultrasound to stimulate sonosensitizers, inducing the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A non-invasive treatment, SDT offers site-specific cytotoxicity by generating ROS in response to sonic/ultrasonic sources, potentially treating bacterial infections. All six patients treated with SDT experienced improved quality of life, as documented through visual evidence. The adaptability of SDT to equipment emitting sonic/ultrasonic waves envisions broader applications, particularly in resource-limited regions, rendering it a potentially accessible method for both professionals and patients. This research underscores the promising outcomes of SDT in managing medication-associated osteonecrosis, paving the way for further exploration and potential integration into broader clinical practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]