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Rice bean (Vigna umbellata) is one of the under-utilized crops which can become a promising pulse crop. A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2020 at Research Farm, College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal, Manipur to study the effect of planting geometry and nutrient management on yield, economics and quality of dwarf rice bean under rainfed condition. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) and nutrient management which was replicated thrice. The treatments comprised of three planting geometry viz; S1 : 30 cm x 10 cm, S2: 45 cm x 10 cm and S3: 60 cm x 10 cm and four nutrient management practices viz; F0: Seed treatment with molybdenum + phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), F1: 20 kg P2O5/ha + seed treatment with molybdenum+ PSB, F2:40 kg P2O5 /ha + seed treatment with molybdenum+ PSB and F3: 60 kg P2O5 /ha + seed treatment with molybdenum+ PSB. Results indicate that planting geometry at 60 cm × 10 cm and nutrient management at 60 kg P2O5/ha with seed treatment of molybdenum + phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) significantly influenced the yield and quality of dwarf rice bean and gave the maximum economic returns. The highest seed yield (14.65 q/ha) was recorded with spacing S3 which was significantly superior over S1 upto the tune of 8.7% (13.37q/ha). Among the different nutrient management practices, highest seed yield (16.01 q/ha) was recorded from F3 which was found to be at par with F2 (15.70 q/ha) and significantly superior over F1 and F0 (12.71 q/ha and 11.70 q/ha, respectively). The increase in seed yield in F3 and F2 were 26.9% and 25.5%, respectively over control (F0). Among the various planting geometry, the highest gross return (Rs 117240/ha), net return (Rs 71334/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.54) were recorded from S3 and lowest gross return (Rs 106960/ha), net return (Rs 60304/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.29) from S1. In respect of nutrient management the maximum gross return (Rs128053/ha), net return (Rs 80877/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.72) were associated with F3 and lowest from F0 (Rs 93360, Rs 48058 /ha 2.06, respectively). The interaction effect of S3 and F3 gave highest crude protein yield (397.75 kg/ha) which was 48.2 % higher than S1 and F0 (205.92 kg/ha).

Introduction: Deficiency of red cells in blood leads to making insufficient to reach physiological needs that varied regarding variability of a person's age. Iron deficiency is recognised as the most common factor of anemia that affected physical functionality of human beings. Need of this study: Anaemia patient’s number is ranging from 80 to 90 per cent of adolescent girls, pregnant women and preschool children. More than ⅕ of the world population is suffering from anemia and 5 million are located in well-developed countries. Research Methodology: Methodology is conducted through "Quasi-experimental method, Research design is a “one group post-test design" that is subjected to manipulation and evaluation of experimental variables. Structured Questionnaires specify development tools of research about awareness about anemia and iron deficiency for adolescent girls. sampling technique in this research process includes collecting data and information from adolescent girls of Hoshiarpur, 12 to 18 age group and time of data collection. Sampling technique is concerned to assess ability to speak and understand English by those girls by asking questions to assess awareness of adolescent girls. Results: Approximately 85.1 % of students' fathers are educated and mothers are not educated enough. 12.8% of students' parents are employed and well educated. Above 62.9% of students belongs to the nuclear family and 76% of students has comes from a middle-class family. Considering the study, nearly 21% are underweight and approximately 9% of students are overweight. Conclusion: This research has revealed a huge range of prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency among adolescent girls. Lack of intervention and increased of nutritional challenges lead to increased health consequences regarding anaemia and iron deficiency.

In recent times, there have been more evident cases of nursing students in the first year of their course attempting suicide because of mental stress, frustration and workload they get in their first year, which they are not accustomed to handling. This study is going to evaluate the effectiveness of these programs concerning their capability to mitigate the rate of suicides among students. Need of this study: This study is very much significant in today’s time as it measures the effectiveness of the different “suicidal prevention awareness programs” the increasing rate of suicides among nursing students is an elevating concern in almost every part of the world. This needs to be mitigated as soon as possible by finding out the key reasons behind such tragic attempts. This study is significant as it helps in evaluating the cause along with the assessment of some other measures of suicide prevention as well. Research Methodology: "Quasi-experimental method, Research design is a “one group pre-test, post-test "was used. Self-Structured Questionnaires tool was developed to research about awareness about suicidal prevention among GNM students.“self-Structured Questionnaire” has been developed in order to collect data from the nursing students The information has been gathered from students regarding “suicidal prevention awareness” .approximately 15 to 25 minutes” has been taken for collecting data by Universal Sampling Technique. Results: Showed that majority of the participants are in between the age of (62%) 18 to 20 years, there are 60% of female participants and 40% are males, majority of the participants (72.2%) belong to the first year. The responses of participants have derived the mean and standard deviation values of 3.63 and 0.832 respectively, suggesting that the majority of them believe depression to be the main reason behind suicide. that most participants are not aware of the causes of suicide and are willing to do those themselves. Conclusion: The study has provided a brief idea about the importance of prevention programs to aware people about this mental health problem.

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a major health problem in the world. It is one of the most prevalent metabolic diseases which can lead to enormous medical as well as socioeconomic consequences. The main objective of the study is to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme regarding management of hypoglycaemia among people with diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods: pre experimental, one group pre- test and post-test research design was used in this study. Study was conducted in selected rural areas. 60 peoples with diabetes mellitus were selected by using simple random sampling technique. Self structured questionnaire was developed to collect socio demographic data and knowledge on management of hypoglycaemia. Results: The finding of the study shown that in pre test majority 32(54%) had inadequate knowledge, 26(43%) had moderate knowledge and 2(3%) had adequate knowledge. Post test reveals that majority 36(60%) had adequate knowledge, 20(33%) had moderate knowledge and 4(7%) had inadequate knowledge. The mean score of pre test was (11±4.01) and post test mean score was (20±4.8), obtained ‘t’ value was 28.7. Chi square shown that there was no significant relationship between the post test levels of knowledge with their Age, Gender, Religion, Marital status, Educational status, Occupation, family income, Treatment of diabetes mellitus and any history of hypoglycemic attack. Conclusion: The study concluded that the level of knowledge was improved after administration of structured teaching programmed. Thus structured teaching programmed is an effective strategy which can help in improving the level of knowledge among people with diabetes mellitus.

This study aimed to determine the effect of village fund allocation in improving community welfare in Sigotom Parratusan Village, Pangaribuan District, North Tapanuli Regency. The population in this study was the population of the village of Sigotom Parratusan totaling 1247 people. The sample in this study was 93 respondents. The sampling technique in this study used Stratified Random Sampling. The data collection technique in this study used a questionnaire arranged on a Likert scale. The analysis technique used in this research was simple regression. the coefficient of determination (R Square) was 0.623 or 62.3% the effect given by the independent variable (Village Fund Allocation) on the dependent variable (Improvement of Community Welfare) while the remaining 37, 7% was affected by other variables which included factors that affected the improvement of community welfare, the better the allocation of village funds, the higher the welfare of the community. The results of this study indicated that a good allocation of village funds had a contribution in improving the welfare of the community. This means that transparency, accountability, and participation could improve the welfare of the Sigotom Parratusan community, Pangaribuan District, North Tapanuli Regency.

Background: Drug-related problems (DRPs) are perceived to occur frequently when patients are discharged from the hospital. Drug-related problems (DRP) are “an event or circumstance involving drug therapy that actually or potentially interferes with the desired health outcome”. Pharmacists influence health care outcomes through the identification and resolution of drug related problems (DRPs). Aim and objectives: The study is aimed to assess the frequency and prevalence of drug therapy related problems in patients after hospitalization in Jayabharath Hospital, Nellore. To estimate the opportunities for pharmacist to provide pharmaceutical care. A probabilistic convenient sampling was done to estimate the frequency and prevalence of drug therapy related problems, patients those who are aged above 18 years of either sex were included. Pregnant patients, and those who are having a unwillingness to participate in study were excluded. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted between December 2020 to May 2021 on patients who discharged to home from Jayabharath Hospital, Nellore . . Most of our study population were within the age group of 30 to 45years (33.33 %) followed by 60 to 75years (25.00 %).among the present study population most of them were married (83.3 %) and illiterates (62.5 %). Results and Discussion: Nearly 50 drugs are responsible for drug related problems in the present study among those Phenytoin was found to be leading drug in relation to development of drug therapy related problems, Where as Nifedipine was found to be least problem producing drug in present study population. Conclusion: Overall we found various kinds of drug therapy related problems, which implies there is a need of continuity of care even after discharge from the hospital.

In the present paper, an application of discriminant function analysis of meteorological parameters for developing suitable statistical models to forecast wheat yield in Kurukshetra district of Haryana has been demonstrated. Time series data on wheat yield for 35 years (1985-86 to 2019-20) have been divided into three groups, viz. congenial, normal, and adverse based on de-trended yield distribution. Considering these groups as three populations, discriminant function analysis using weekly data of crop season on five meteorological parameters has been carried out. The discriminant scores obtained from this have been used as regressor variables along with time trend in development of statistical models. In all six procedures using weekly weather data have been proposed. The models developed have been used to forecast the wheat yield for the year 2017-18 and 2019-20 which were not included in the development of the models. It has been found that most of the models provide reliable forecast of the wheat yield about two months before the harvest. However, the model-5 has been found to be the most suitable among all the models developed.

Black gram and green gram are important legume crops in India and Myanmar. The largest producer of black gram and green gram is India but it does not meet domestic consumption. The study was conducted with time series data from the year 1970 to 2019 in order to work out the growth patterns in area, production, productivity, export and import of black gram and green gram. CAGR and instability was calculated in order to better understand fluctuations of black gram and green gram year by year. Area and production increased in both countries from the year 1970-71 to 2018-19. However, the yield of black gram and green gram was stagnant in India which was over 500 kg/ha in 2018-19 whereas the yield in Myanmar was more than 1000 kg/ha during the same period. The yield gap between India and Myanmar was about 800 kg/ha. With a growing population and often unfavorable seasonal conditions, the country's production regularly fell short of consumption needs requiring it to import large quantities of pulses. Cropping patterns like rice-pulses, intercropping with other crops and HYV can improve productivity and expand pulse areas in India. India is the largest importer of black gram and has greater bargaining power to dominate the black gram market in Myanmar. Trade agreement is needed to overcome the risks of price fluctuation between the two countries.

This study was conducted to optimise the protein extraction process from defatted muskmelon (Cucumismelo) seed meal using response surface methodology. The defatted seeds had a crude protein conten...

The study was undertaken with the objectives to survey the source and chain of procurement process of the various types of wood being used in the market, assess their requirement of the kind of suitable wood preferred for a particular item of woodcraft for marketing in the particular countries and to explore the potential of alternate wood species which can be adopted by an artisan with existing technology/up-gradation of technology. The study was conducted through the collection of secondary data and primary data. The primary data was collected through a preliminary survey, a standardized questionnaire survey of various components of stakeholder’s namely (a) manufacturers and exporters, (b) commission agents/brokers, (c) traders, and(d) artisans. The present study revealed that 58% of manufactures and exporters and 86.38% of craftsmen agreed that the raw material procurement chain starts from the farmer’s field to Middleman then Commission agents and goes to the Craftsman. The majority of stakeholders responded that the middleman is the most important in the supply chain of the wood procurement process. The survey indicated that there is 0-5% incremental cost in every stage of the raw material procurement process and the approximately total incremental cost of wood is between 5-10% due to the existing supply chain. The data analysis related to a sequence of most demanding wood species for wood carving work indicated that 60% of commission agents/brokers responded for the sequence of Mango>Shisham>Poplar>Other, whereas 56.50% manufacturers and others. 83.33% commission agents/brokers, 85.71% manufacturers, and exporters, 97.87% traders, 98.26% craftsman responded negatively to the existence of imported wood species in the Saharanpur wood market.

Seven new molecule insecticides viz., Deltamethrin, Lambda-cyhalothrin, Emamectin benzoate, Indoxacarb, Bifenthrin, Rynaxypr and Flubendiamide were bio-assayed against okra shoot and fruit borer (Earias vittella) to study the residual toxicity on Okra at College of Agriculture, Raipur during the Rabi applied season(2014-15 and 2015-16).. On the basis of average LT50 values, the order of toxicity was Emamectin Benzoate > Indoxacarb > Lambda-Cyhalothrin > Rynaxypr > Flubendiamide > Deltamethrin > Bifenthrin against okra shoot and fruit borer.

The present investigation deals with the use of ridge regression in the presence of high degree multicollinearity, to determine the major factors influencing the agricultural production in Haryana state, India. Time series data for the period (1980–1981 to 2017–2018) on area, production, yield and different factors influencing the production of wheat, gram, paddy and cotton have been used in this study. Time series data was divided into four sub-periods of 10 year interval to measure the variability in area, production and yield of selected crops into different periods. Coefficient of variation around trend was also observed as the stability (or instability) index. Estimates for the factors affecting the agricultural production were observed by using the ordinary least squares technique and ridge regression both. A comparison is made and ridge estimates were found appropriate to measure the effect of different factors on agricultural production in the presence of multicollinearity. Total study period has been separated into training and testing parts and validity of the developed ridge regression model has been done on the basis of adjusted R2, percent deviation of forecast values and RMSE (%).

Cytogenetic characterization of five species of genus Coeliccia of family Platycnemididae has been done by conventional staining, C-banding, silver nitrate staining and sequence specific staining. These species were collected from the localities present in Andretta, Bilaspur (Himachal Pradesh) and Nongkhyllem (Meghalaya), India. All the species possess n = 13 as haploid chromosome number, which is the type number of the family with X0–XX sex determining mechanism except Coeliccia bimaculata with n = 12, originated by the fusion of two autosome pairs as complement is characterized by the presence of one large bivalent. m chromosomes are absent in all the species. Mostly, light/dark terminal C-bands and NOR’s are seen on the autosomal bivalents, while X chromosome shows variations as large terminal C-band on one side of X chromosome is present in all the species except C. renifera, it is C-positive. Moreover, X chromosome possesses terminal NOR on one side in C. chromothorax, while NOR-positive in C. renifera and NOR-negative in C. bimaculata, C. didyma and C. fraseri. In sequence specific staining, autosomal bivalents are homogeneously stained with both DAPI and CMA3 dyes in C. bimaculata, C. renifera and C. chromothorax, while whole chromosome complement of C. didyma is CMA3 bright and C. fraseri is DAPI bright.

Modified sol–gel technique has been used to prepare the Nb doped CCTO ceramic thin film. X-ray diffraction of the prepared film confirms the cubic perovskite structure of the material. The micrographs obtained from the Scanning Electron Microscope reveal plenty of rods like microstructure within the scan area. This is being reported for the first time in the studied film. Dielectric constant is measured with the frequency range 100 Hz–1 MHz and it is observed that, with increase in frequency the dielectric constant decreases. Further, it is also observed that, the rate of decrease of er with frequencies increases with increasing temperature. The dielectric loss of the material decreases with increasing frequency and at low frequency region the dielectric loss increases with increase in temperature. The studied material shows relaxor behaviour (γ = 1.87) and is confirmed by peaks broadening at low frequency with increasing temperature and the peaks shift to low frequency region with decreasing temperature. The broad band spectrum of high dielectric constant is seen over the studied temperature range. This relaxation behaviour arises due to space charge polarization. The absorption and transmittance nature of the film is also presented and the calculated value of energy band gap is found to be 2.52 eV.

Krishi Vigyan Kendra, South Garo Hills conducted on farm trials (OFT) at three villages during 2019-20 where New Zealand White (NZW) and Soviet Chinchilla (SC) breeds of broiler rabbit were introduced. Altogether 10 demonstration units were laid out having one male and two females in each unit. The groups were fed with pelleted feed (Crude protein 15%) and greens (ad libitum). The quantity of feed offered and leftover was recorded on daily basis. It was found that the average age at first kidding, number of kidding per doe per year, litter size per kidding per doe and litter size at weaning per kidding per doe for New Zealand White (NZW) rabbit were 211.85±0.45,6.00±0.18, 6.2±0.29 and 4.25±0.29, respectively and the corresponding values for SC breed of rabbit were 212±0.45, 6.10±0.19, 6.1±0.29, 4.5±0.36. The mean body weight of NZW at the age of weaning (4th wk) and at slaughter age (13th wk) were 249.29±1.88g and 1271.50±8.99g respectively and the parallel values for SC were recorded as 251.33±1.77gand 1273.19±2.99g. Similarly, the body weight gain of NZW and SC rabbits at 5th week and 13th wk were 192.38±2.02g, 93.63±6.34g, 205.01±2.43g and 92.88±3.07g. The body weight and body weight gain that has been observed from 4 to 13 wk in both, NZW and SC suggested that there was no significant difference between the breeds. The average quantity of weekly feed consumed per animal from 4thto 13th wk in NZW was 316.57g and figures for SC was found as 300.68g. The amount of weekly feed consumed in both the breeds did not differed significantly. The average weekly feed conversion ratio (FCR) per animal in NZW was 3.49 and for SC was 3.34. The average FCR in both the breeds did not differ significantly. It was observed that both the breeds performed well in South Garo Hills district of Meghalaya with basic management practices.

Corona virus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered corona virus. The COVID-19 virus spreads primarily through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose when an infected person coughs or sneezes, so its important that you also practice respiratory etiquette (for example, by coughing into a flexed elbow.Aim:-To explore the psychological experiences during hospitalization due to Covid 19 positive among post discharge patients. Material & Method:-A qualitative approach where descriptive phenomenological design supplemented by in-depthinterview as in-depth interview was conducted to explorethe lived experiences of study subjects.A total of 7 subjects selected forin-depthinterview using purposive sampling technique. Qualitative data was analyzed using colaizzis approach. Results:-Seven subjects with COVID-19 positive among post discharge (Five males and two females) were enrolled in the study. Total Eightthemes relatedto psychological experiences during hospitalization due to covid 19 , emerged from qualitative data analysis wereIgnorance, Burden on family, Exhausted, Hope, Despair, Panic anxiety, Anger & Fear. Conclusion:-This study concludedthat living with COVID-19 is an emotionally and physically challenging experience for patient participants in the study The findings suggest that healthcare providers should be aware aboutpsychological distress of patients with COVID-19 and should develop& plan mental health interventions accordingly to promote mental health of patients. &nbsp

Background: Although India has always been the greatest producer of pulses, the Indian trade deficit in pulses has transformed several nations into important producers and exporters. Myanmar, with a prevalence of small farms mainly producing chickpea, pigeonpea, mungbean and urdbean, has risen as a major producer of pulses destined for export. Methods: The data were collected for the time period 1970-2019 to work out trends in area, production and productivity of pulses for both countries. Similarly, data on the pulses trade for the period 1988 to 2019 was also collected for India and Myanmar to analyze growth of export and import of pulses. The outcome of the results are classified in two ways; growth rate (CAGR) and instability (CV%). Result: Growth rate of pulses in India was found highest in period-V (2.45% in area, 3.83% in production and 1.4% in yield) whereas the growth rate of pulses in Myanmar was observed highest in period-III (10.9% in area, 12.93% in production). Myanmar’s instability of pulses was found than India’s in all decades except 2010-19. In case of export-import scenario, India’s pulses import ranked first in the world due to meet the demand of increasing population.

In modern day photonic integrated circuitries (ICs), near-field Coulomb interaction plays an important role in the device performances. In fact, harvesting Coulomb effect intelligently can immensely help to realize advanced photonic devices in micro and nano length scales. In this context, electrically coupled terahertz metasurfaces are investigated for weak and strong near field coupling regimes under the influence of variable photo excitations. Our study demonstrates active tuning of metasurface resonances at relatively low pump powers (up to 10 mW (pump fluence of 12.7 µJ/cm2) and 20 mW (pump fluence of 25.4 µJ/cm2) for strong and weak near field coupling regimes, respectively). We attribute photo induced modifications of substrate electronic properties along with modifications of near-field interactions to be responsible for the resonance modulations. Further, we have demonstrated Coulomb effect parameter can be dynamically tunable with variable pump power. Our study reveals that change in Coulomb parameter is more pronounced for weak near field coupling regime (more than 6 times enhancement in Coulomb parameter) in comparison to strong near field coupling regime. In addition, the optical switching of the fundamental resonance is validated utilizing numerically simulated patterns of surface current & electric field. We envisage such active modulation of Coulomb effects in near-field coupled metasurfaces can lead to realize dynamically tunable terahertz metaphotonic devices. Submitted/Accepted version D K gratefully acknowledges financial assistance from the Department of Science and Technology (DST) INSPIRE doctoral research fellowship, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India. D R C acknowledges partial support from the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Project No. CRG/2019/001656.

We present experimental studies on doped and undoped ZnO nanoparticles prepared via cost-effective solution processing techniques towards its applicability for terahertz frequency domain. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirms that the dimensions of synthesised particles spread over 120–275 nm, while x-ray diffraction (XRD) along with energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) characteristics manifests the presence of the desired materials for doped as well as undoped nanoparticles. Further, terahertz-time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) data are recorded in transmission mode which are employed to extract several optical parameters (viz. refractive index, conductivity, etc) of the nanoparticulate films spanning the frequency range from 0.2 to 0.9 THz. Doped samples clearly manifest enhanced conductivities because of the presence of metallic components. Cost-effective synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles can be useful for terahertz photonics in future.

The integration of active materials in terahertz (THz) metasurfaces is pivotal for the realization of functional device applications in diverse fields like sensing, imaging, communication, etc. In this context, ferroelectric materials endowed with tunable electro-optic properties have recently emerged as a novel candidate for achieving actively tuned THz metasurfaces. Here, we experimentally investigate temperature tuning of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effects in a THz metasurface based on ferroelectric barium titanate (BaTiO3 (BTO)) thin film. We characterize tunable dielectric properties of the BTO thin film under variable temperatures (25 °C–100 °C) at THz frequencies by utilizing THz-time domain spectroscopy technique. Based on this aspect, we design a THz metasurface capable of displaying the EIT effect. THz transmissions through the metasurface sample are then probed for different applied temperatures. The EIT features undergo frequency shifts along with amplitude modulations owing to the temperature induced variations of the dielectric properties of the BTO thin film. A total red shift ∼27 GHz in EIT resonance dip is observed experimentally as the temperature increases from 25 °C to 100 °C. Therefore, we demonstrate utilities of ferroelectric platform toward the development of temperature tunable EIT metasurfaces.

Agriculture plays vital role in Indian economy and employment; India is one of the largest countries in terms of wheat production and consumption. This research aims to study instability and sustainability of production of wheat in Haryana. Data of wheat production collected from various versions of Haryana Statistical Abstract for the study period 1980–81 to 2018–19 of Haryana state have been utilized. Box-Jenkins ARIMA model and Artificial neural network (ANN) methodology was used to develop the model and estimate the forecasting behavior, hybrid approach also has been employed, experiment concluded that increasing trend pattern was observed in the area, production and yield of wheat crop in Haryana. Growth rate is found positive in all sub periods with respect to area, production and yield of wheat. Highest growth in production and yield was observed during first sub-period i.e. 1980-1989 whereas area showed maximum growth in second sub-period i.e. 1990-1999. Haryana has second rank in terms of wheat yield sustainability after Punjab. The forecasting of production behaviors of major crops playing an important role towards food and nutrition security policymakers, these findings can assist policymakers and may provide them with insights into potential production scenarios for major crops.

Every year a lot of students graduate from the universities due to which a huge number of certificates are generated. The problem arises when it comes to authenticate these certificates. At present there is no such mechanism to validate the certificates. Hence, a lot of certificates are forged every year and are being used to fulfill their job requirements. To overcome this problem a decentralized web application is built that registers the certificate on ethereum blockchain and a smart contract to validate the certificates on blockchain. Once the data is entered by the user the details of certificates are pushed on ethereum blockchain using hashing. Using this generated hash we can verify the authenticity of the user.

The study was planned to optimise the extraction process of protein and pectin from pumpkin seeds and peels respectively. The extraction of protein and pectin was performed with three independent variables such as extraction temperature, extraction time and pH. The optimized process variables for protein extraction were 32.7 °C, 16.06 min, pH of 9.51 and yield at these optimized conditions was 70.31 ± 2.32%. However, for pectin extraction optimized conditions were 89.98 °C, 13 min, pH of 2.85 and yield was reported as 69.89 ± 2.90%. Further, protein and pectin were isolated at optimized condition. Isolated protein and pectin were utilized for developing the edible film. The protein and pectin were mixed in varying proportions i.e. 1:0, 1:1, 0:1 and film were casted by standard methods. Further, films mechanical and barrier properties were assessed and it was found in acceptable range (Tensile strength: 2.04–5.28 MPa; elongation: 13.13–14.37%; water vapour permeability: 3.24 × 10(−6)–6.24 × 10(−6) g/Pa m h).

Pumpkin seeds and peels are waste generated from the pumpkin processing industry and having the potential to utilize for biodegradable film development. The purpose of this study was to utilized the by-products of pumpkin processing industry for developing biodegradable packaging films. Such biodegradable films were developed with defatted pumpkin seeds (DPS) and pumpkin peels (PP) in the proportion of 0:1(A-1), 1:2(A-2), 1:1(A-3), 2:1(A-4), and 1:0 (A-5). The film forming solutions were treated with ultrasound for 45 min at 200 W, glycerol and soy lecithin were added and then films were casted. Mechanical, barrier and optical properties were analysed for all the films. Tensile strength film developed using single component (PP and DPS) were 657 ± 3.0 kPa and 1157 ± 5.0 kPa as well as elongation percentage were 6.31 ± 0.23% and 7.83 ± 0.93% respectively. The film developed using equal proportion of DPS and PP (i.e. film A-3) had highest tensile strength (1401 ± 5.4 kPa) and elongation percentage (9.74 ± 0.46%) compared to other developed films. Water vapor permeability, water solubility, swelling properties, melting point for film A-3 were reported as 8.79 ± 0.12 × 10−6 g/Pa m h, 43.39 ± 1.65%, 41.47 ± 1.46%, 82.47 ± 0.50 °C respectively. The ultrasound treatment was effective for casting of film and improving its properties. The increase in the ratio of DPS:PP from 1:0 to 1:1 shown increased in tensile strength and elongation at break. Co-products of pumpkin processing industry were successfully utilized for developing biodegradable film.