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Background: This paper outlines a summary of examination techniques for the thoracic and lumbosacral spine. It starts with observation, palpation and a range of movements followed by various special tests to identify thoracic and lumbosacral spine pathology. Methods: Bedside instruments used include a measuring tape, scoliometer and back range of motion instrument (BROM II). Discussion: Back flexion-extension, lateral flexion and rotation were assessed with bedside instruments. This would aid in increasing the accuracy and precision of objective measurement while conducting a clinical examination to determine the back range motion. Specific tests were used to localise specific anatomical locations and identify the spine pathology that can help the clinician to diagnose and treat the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This paper outlines a summary of examination techniques for the thoracic and lumbosacral spine. It starts with observation, palpation and a range of movements followed by various special tests to identify thoracic and lumbosacral spine pathology., Methods: Bedside instruments used include a measuring tape, scoliometer and back range of motion instrument (BROM II)., Discussion: Back flexion-extension, lateral flexion and rotation were assessed with bedside instruments. This would aid in increasing the accuracy and precision of objective measurement while conducting a clinical examination to determine the back range motion. Specific tests were used to localise specific anatomical locations and identify the spine pathology that can help the clinician to diagnose and treat the disease., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest None., (© Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2023.)