Search

Every day, vehicle accidents occur and many of them might be avoided if the drivers demonstrated excellent driving without mistakes. This paper presents a novel prototype applied in a real transportation system, particularly for buses, to avoid accidents, which may involve numerous victims, and even occasionally cause death. This system consists of a wearable device and embedded system with several sensors connected via Bluetooth, similar to the Internet of Things (IoT). Wearable devices are made to monitor the driver’s heart rate and alert the driver if they are in a state of sleep deprivation to prevent any potential accidents. The embedded system includes a Global Positioning System (GPS), accelerometers, and gyroscopes attached to a Smart Box mounted on the bus. The embedded system alert function will be triggered if an accident occurs and automatically sends the geolocation of the accident to the registered phone number through a message using a mobile phone. The results for all scenarios were significant when measured by an automatic accident trigger via the smart box if the value of measured values in each axis exceeded 583. In conclusion, the implementation of this innovative solution at the system-level was shown to be satisfactory in terms of the safety mechanism used by the nominated drivers.

Natural convective heat transfer occurs when there is a temperature difference between the surface and the surrounding fluid. These physical problems often occur in real -life applications involving porous mediums such as microprocessor cooling in computers, underground oil and gas movement, food processing and more. The theory of convective heat transfer in a porous medium is a complex phenomenon that relies on interconnected partial differential equations that have no analytical solution except for simplified problems, resulting in numerical solutions having to be used. The standard finite difference method (FDM) is a popular method because of its straightforward mathematical formulation and programming. But FDM requires many grid points to get a precise and meaningful answer. This causes the program to take a long time to converge which also affects the storage and memory of the computer. This chapter examines the effectiveness of non -standard finite difference method (NSFDM) in solving MHD convection problem in rectangular porous medium.

The C1 rational cubic spline function (cubic/quadratic) with three parameters is used to construct a constrained interpolating curve that lies below or above an arbitrary straight line or between two straight lines. The data dependent sufficient conditions for the rational cubic interpolant bounded by two straight lines are derived on one parameter, while the other two are free parameters that will be useful for shape modification. Some numerical results will be presented by using Mathematica software. Comparison with some existing schemes shows that the proposed scheme outperforms the existing schemes.

The Iraqi healthcare sector has been suffering from health records management issues from the perspectives of low information technology integrity and data complexity. As a solution, cloud computing services can offer an alternative, low-cost, and reliable way to store, manage, and retrieve health-related data, as well as monitoring patients’ health conditions anywhere and anytime using any device with any platform. The migration to cloud services is not yet widespread in Iraqi health facilities due to various challenges, including security and privacy, legal policies, and implementation. For instance, there has been no research shedding light on the utilization of cloud computing services in Iraqi hospitals’ health information systems. This study proposed a model by defining the critical success factors influencing physicians’ confirmation and behavioral control toward utilizing cloud health information systems in Iraqi hospitals. The model’s variables were statistically investigated by utilizing an online questionnaire. Data were collected from a probability sample of 259 physicians working in four Iraqi high-IT hospitals. The collected ordinal data were analyzed using the PLS-SEM approach as a nonparametric second-generation multivariate analysis. The results showed that the effects of system compatibility, system complexity, security, and privacy on physicians’ confirmation and behavioral control were statistically significant. Both confirmation and behavioral control had a positive effect on physicians’ utilization of the technology in the Iraqi hospitals. It is believed that such finding may help to aid the current understanding of cloud health systems in managing health data as well as providing the necessary recommendations for policy makers to direct healthcare professionals to continuously consider the use of modern information and communications technology in the workplace.

This paper discusses scattered data interpolation by using cubic Timmer triangular patches. In order to achieve C1 continuity everywhere, we impose a rational corrected scheme that results from convex combination between three local schemes. The final interpolant has the form quintic numerator and quadratic denominator. We test the scheme by considering the established dataset as well as visualizing the rainfall data and digital elevation in Malaysia. We compare the performance between the proposed scheme and some well-known schemes. Numerical and graphical results are presented by using Mathematica and MATLAB. From all numerical results, the proposed scheme is better in terms of smaller root mean square error (RMSE) and higher coefficient of determination (R2). The higher R2 value indicates that the proposed scheme can reconstruct the surface with excellent fit that is in line with the standard set by Renka and Brown&rsquo, s validation.

Traffic accidents are unexpected events where motor vehicles collide with other objects and cause damage. The impact of traffic accidents is not only in the form of injuries and physical damage but also in death. Traffic accidents often occur due to tired drivers, poor vehicle conditions, and the external environment. Driver's fatigue is caused by poor health conditions, lack of sleep, and unbalanced food intake, and the length of time driving. A particular approach is needed to address these complex problems, and The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a solution to the future of transportation. The use of IoT in the development of intelligent safety systems, driver assistance systems, connectivity, and vehicle condition is expected to contribute to a significant reduction of road accidents and traffic congestion. In this context, this special issue aims at providing a future of transport focusing on the framework for the smart drivers.

This chapter discusses the application of the new cubic Timmer triangular patches constructed by Ali et al. [1] to interpolate the irregularly scattered data with C1 continuity. In order to apply the cubic Timmer triangular patches for scattered data interpolation, the data is first triangulated by using the Delaunay algorithm, and then the sufficient condition for C1 continuity is derived along the adjacent triangles. Two methods are used to calculate the cubic Timmer ordinates on each triangle. The convex combination between three local schemes Ti, i = 1, 2, 3 is used to produce the C1 surface everywhere. The proposed scheme will be tested to visualize three types of energy data sets with irregular shape properties. Numerical and graphical results are presented using MATLAB. Comparisons of the proposed scheme with some existing procedures such as cubic Ball and cubic Bezier triangular patches are also carried out. The resulting surface produced by cubic Timmer triangular patch is better than that produced using cubic Ball and cubic Bezier triangular patches with an overall coefficient of determination R2 value obtained to be larger than 0.8359.

In this study, a new cubic Timmer triangular patch is constructed by extending the univariate cubic Timmer basis functions. The best scheme that lies towards the control polygon is cubic Timmer curve and surface compared to the other methods. From the best of our knowledge, nobody has extended the univariate cubic Timmer basis to the bivariate triangular patch. The construction of the proposed cubic Timmer triangular patch is based on the main idea of the cubic Ball and cubic Bezier triangular patches construction. Some properties of the new cubic Timmer triangular patch are investigated. Furthermore, the composite cubic Timmer triangular patches with parametric continuity (C1) and geometric continuity (G1) are discussed. Simple error analysis between the triangular patches and one test function is provided for each continuity type. Numerical and graphical results are presented by using Mathematica and MATLAB.

The fourth-order finite difference Iterative Alternating Decomposition Explicit Method of Mitchell and Fairweather (IADEMF4) sequential algorithm has demonstrated its ability to perform with high accuracy and efficiency for the solution of a one-dimensional heat equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions. This paper develops the parallelization of the IADEMF4, by applying the Red-Black (RB) ordering technique. The proposed IADEMF4-RB is implemented on multiprocessor distributed memory architecture based on Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM) environment with Linux operating system. Numerical results show that the IADEMF4-RB accelerates the convergence rate and largely improves the serial time of the IADEMF4. In terms of parallel performance evaluations, the IADEMF4-RB significantly outperforms its counterpart of the second-order (IADEMF2-RB), as well as the benchmarked fourth-order classical iterative RB methods, namely, the Gauss-Seidel (GS4-RB) and the Successive Over-relaxation (SOR4-RB) methods.

This paper discusses the application of the new cubic Timmer triangular patches constructed by Ali et al. [1] to interpolate the irregularly scattered data with C 1 continuity. In order to apply the cubic Timmer triangular patches for scattered data interpolation, the data is first triangulated by using the Delaunay algorithm, and then the sufficient condition for C 1 continuity is derived along the adjacent triangles. Two methods will be used to calculate the cubic Timmer ordinates on each triangle. The convex combination between three local schemes Ti , i = 1,2,3 will be used to produce the C 1 surface everywhere. The proposed scheme will be tested to visualize one energy data set with irregular shape properties. Numerical and graphical results are presented by using MATLAB. Comparisons between the proposed scheme and existing schemes such as cubic Ball and cubic Bézier triangular patches are also carried out. The results indicate that the surface produced by cubic Timmer triangular patch is better than surface produced using cubic Ball and cubic Bezier triangular patches with overall coefficient of determination R2 value obtained to be larger than 0.9234.

Runge Kutta (RK) is a famous method that can be used to solve differential equation with initial value problems (IVP). There are many variants for RK method. For instance, the most widely used are RK4 and RK5 where 4 and 5 stands for the order of the RK methods. Data interpolation are important in many engineering applications. Usually for data interpolation, the interpolant must interpolate the data set and the first derivatives. This study discusses the application of RK4 for data interpolation by interpolating the data through cubic spline interpolation i.e. RK4-CS method. Several numerical findings will be presented including comparison with some established schemes such as cubic spline. From our findings, RK4 is suitable for data interpolation with higher degree of accuracy.Runge Kutta (RK) is a famous method that can be used to solve differential equation with initial value problems (IVP). There are many variants for RK method. For instance, the most widely used are RK4 and RK5 where 4 and 5 stands for the order of the RK methods. Data interpolation are important in many engineering applications. Usually for data interpolation, the interpolant must interpolate the data set and the first derivatives. This study discusses the application of RK4 for data interpolation by interpolating the data through cubic spline interpolation i.e. RK4-CS method. Several numerical findings will be presented including comparison with some established schemes such as cubic spline. From our findings, RK4 is suitable for data interpolation with higher degree of accuracy.

There are many benefits to improve Euler scheme for solving the Ordinary Differential Equation Problems. Among the benefits are simple implementation and low-cost computational. However, the problem of accuracy in Euler scheme persuade scholar to use complex method. Therefore, the main purpose of this research are show the construction a new modified Euler scheme that improve accuracy of Polygon scheme in various step size. The implementing of new scheme are used Polygon scheme and Harmonic mean concept that called as Harmonic-Polygon scheme. This Harmonic-Polygon can provide new advantages that Euler scheme could offer by solving Ordinary Differential Equation problem. Four set of problems are solved via Harmonic-Polygon. Findings show that new scheme or Harmonic-Polygon scheme can produce much better accuracy result.

This paper studies the use of cubic Ball interpolation for convexity preserving of scalar data. The parameter ri in the description of the cubic interpolant are subject to be constrained to guarantee the existence of the convex cubic interpolant for convex data. The sufficient condition for the convexity-preserving of cubic Ball interpolant will be developed. The degree smoothness attained is GC1. With suitable choices of the shape parameter, ri the method under consideration is reducing to GC1 quadratic spline shape preserving interpolation for convex data. Several numerical results including with the comparison with existing scheme will be presented to test the applicability of the proposed cubic interpolant.

Most real world natural systems are shows seasonal behaviour due to seasonal environmental or climate change. As a results, many species display seasonal changes in their life history parameters. It is crucial to comprehend how the seasonal forcing controls the behaviour of the population dynamics. The Rosenzweig-MacArthur model is a system with at least two ordinary differential equations used in population dynamics to model the interaction of predator and prey bonding. Rosenzweig-MacArthur model overcome the weakness of Lotka-Volterra model to simulate interaction between two species. In Rosenzweig-MacArthur model, logistic growth rate of prey is resource limited. The model utilizes Holling type II as the functional response representation. The purpose of the study is to construct method to improve simulation on the behaviour of interactions between species and predicting equilibrium point accurately and fast. Current methods seem to predict accurately the equilibrium point if only small mesh size used. Using small mesh size will require long simulation time to predict the equilibrium point. Able to increase the mesh size will increase the speed of predicting the equilibrium point. In this paper, we propose three new semi non-standard trimean algorithms to simulate the behaviour of interaction between species represented by Rosenzweig-MacArthur model. The new algorithms apply a hybrid of semi non-standard approach and trimean to approximate the nonlinear terms in the differential equation model. Two cases of experiment conducted to examine the performance of all three semi non-standard schemes. Result shows that all three new semi non-standards schemes accurately predict the equilibrium point (0.25, 0.46875) even using big mesh size ( and ) for both cases. Thus, all three semi non-standard schemes fulfil the purpose of this study.

In this paper, we study analytical and numerical solutions of fuzzy differential equations based on the extension principle. For linear fuzzy differential equations, we state some results on the behaviour of the solutions and study their relationship with the generalised Hukuhara derivative. In order to approximate the solutions of linear and non-linear fuzzy differential equations, we propose a new fuzzification of the classical Euler method and then incorporate an unconstrained optimisation technique. This combination offers a powerful tool to tackle uncertainty in any numerical method. An efficient computational algorithm is also provided to guarantee the convexity of fuzzy solutions on the time domain. Several illustrative examples are given.

Wavelets transform are effectively used in data compression and denoising such as in signal and image compression and denoising. One of the advantages of wavelets method is there exist fast algorithm in order to use wavelet for various applications. In this paper we will apply Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) to denoise the temperature data using symlet 16 with 32 corresponding filters (low-pass and high-pass). We apply various thresholding approaches e.g., Heuristic SURE, SURE, Minimax and Fixed-Form method. We utilized temperature data in Kuala Lumpur from January 1948 until July 2010. We also discuss the advantages of wavelet as compared with Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Several numerical results will be presented by using Matlab.