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Rosemary oil (ROO) is known to have multiple pharmacological effects: it is an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective. In the present study, we examined the effects of ROO on Human olfactory bulb neuronal stem cells (hOBNSCs) after their transplantation into rats, with the ibotenic (IBO) acid-induced cognitive deficit model. After 7 weeks, cognitive functions were assessed using the Morris water maze (MWM). After two months blood and hippocampus samples were collected for biochemical, gene expression, and histomorphometric analyses. Learning ability and memory function were significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) after hOBNSCs transplantation and were nearly returned to normal in the treated group. The IBO acid injection was associated with a significant decline (P < 0.05) of total leukocyte count (TLC) and a significant increase (P < 0.05) in total and toxic neutrophils. As well, the level of IL-1?, TNF-? CRP in serum and levels of MDA and NO in hippocampus tissue were significantly elevated (P < 0.05), while antioxidant markers (CAT, GSH, and SOD) were reduced (P < 0.05) in treated tissue compared to controls. The administration of ROO before or with cell transplantation attenuated all these parameters. In particular, the level of NO nearly returned to normal when rosemary was administrated before cell transplantation. Gene expression analysis revealed the potential protective effect of ROO and hOBNSCs via down-expression of R-?Amyl and R- CAS 3 and R-GFAP genes. The improvement in the histological organization of the hippocampus was detected after the hOBNSCs transplantation especially in h/ROO/hOBNSCs group.

This study evaluated the diuretic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunological effects of a commercial diuretic (CD) (composed of ammonium chloride, potassium citrate, sodium chloride, ascorbic acid, biotin, halfa bar extract, and hexamine) on chickens with induced urolithiasis. A total of 100 one-day-old white Hy-Line chicks were fed a basal diet containing 20% crude protein (CP) and 1% Ca until they reached 48 days of age. Then, the birds were divided into five groups (G1-G5). G1 was fed a basal diet and kept as a negative control, G2 was fed a high protein (HP) diet containing 25% crude protein, G3 was fed high calcium (HC) diet containing 5% Ca, G4 was fed HP diet supplemented with CD, and G5 was fed HC diet supplemented with CD. The CD was supplemented with drinking water (at a dose of 0.5 ml/ liter) for 1 week. The experiment was held for 78 days. Clinical signs, postmortem lesions, and mortality rates were observed. Biochemical analytes, redox status biomarkers, and expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were measured. Tissue samples were taken for histopathological examination. No signs of CD toxicity were observed during the toxicity test prior to the experiment. Compared to all groups, birds in G2 and G3 showed impaired renal function and alterations in biochemical, redox status, lipid peroxidation, post-mortem, and histopathological lesions along with upregulation of IL-6 and IFN-γ in the kidney and spleen. In conclusion, commercial diuretic supplementation for one week improves renal function, redox status, immune and anti-inflammatory responses in chickens with induced urolithiasis.

Aim OvSynch is a hormonal protocol for synchronization of estrus and use of artificial insemination (AI) at an optimal time without adverse effects on the ovaries or uterus. This study investigated the use of noninvasive color Doppler ultrasound to assess changes in uterine and vaginal blood flow during the Ovsynch program for synchronization of estrus and its relation to the pregnancy rates in Holstein cows. Materials and methods The experimental cows received an intramuscular dose of 10 µg of a GnRH analogue (G1), followed 7 days later with an intramuscular injection of synthetic prostaglandin F2α (P: PGF2α) analogue (500 µg cloprostenol sodium), and given a 10 µg, injection of the GnRH analogue (G2) i.m. (2.5ml/animal) 48 h after the PGF2a treatment, and the cows were bred 14–16 h after. Uterine and vaginal perfusion were investigated by performing transrectal Doppler ultrasonography of both the middle uterine and vaginal arteries in Holstein cows at different time points during the Ovsynch program to determine: peak systolic velocity (PSV), time-averaged maximum velocity (TAMV), the volume of blood flow (BFV), pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), resistance impedance (S/D) and diameters of uterine (UA) and vaginal (VA) arteries. Steroid hormones were also considered. Transrectal ultrasonography (TUS) was performed at 32 and 60 days to confirm the pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI). Results The uterine PSV, TAMV, and PV were greater at the time of the cloprostenol sodium and second GnRH injections (p

Background and Aim: Camels are a unique source of milk and meat, which helps recover from several diseases that affect humans worldwide. In Egypt, one of the great obstacles for this industry is tick-borne diseases. This study aimed to characterize blood parasite infections, such as Babesia (B.) bovis and Trypanosoma (T.) spp. in one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) (n=142) breeds in Halayeb and Shalateen, Egypt, through phylogenetic analysis. Materials and Methods: The prevalence of B. bovis and Trypanosoma spp. was identified in camels using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays targeting the Rhoptry-Associated Protein-1 and internal transcribed spacer 1 genes, respectively. A nested PCR technique was conducted to detect B. bovis. At the same time, KIN multispecies PCR assay was employed to diagnose and classify trypanosome DNA in camels. Results: B. bovis was detected in 4/142 camels with an infection rate of 2.81%. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses revealed that the strain of B. bovis isolated from this population was closely related to strains isolated from Argentine, the United States, and Brazil. Moreover, Trypanosoma evansi was detected in 8/142 camels with an infection rate of 5.63%. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses revealed that this isolated strain T. evansi was closely related to Trypanosoma theileri detected from cattle in Brazil. Conclusion: The obtained data indicated the existence of B. bovis and T. evansi in camels from two provinces of Egypt. The obtained findings have economic significance and reflect the importance of implementing effective prevention and control methods across Egypt to reduce the incidence of B. bovis and T. evansi in camels.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of Tilmicosin in the treatment of pasteurellosis in Holstein calves. Design: Controlled study. Animals: TwentyHolstein Calves Procedures: 10 Holstein Calves suspected to be suffering from Bovine respiratory distress (BRD) were treated with Tilmicosin and another 10 Holstein healthy calves under the same conditions of hygiene, nutrition, and management were used as a control group. The nasal swap was collected from the two groups for bacteriological isolation and blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical analysis at zero, 7th, 14th days. Results: Bacteriological isolation revealed that Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica serotype A were the most causative agents of pasteurellosis in the infected calves. The hematological analysis of the tilmicosin treated group showed a significant decrease (P 0.05) in hemoglobin, but there is a significant decrease in hematocrit at Zero Week and second week, and a significant decrease (P

Objective: To evaluate the protective role of sulforaphane in rats exposed to high cholesterol and high fructose diet. Design: Randomized experimental study. Animals: Twenty-four male Sprague Dawley rats. Procedures: Rats were allocated in groups of six animals to one of four groups. The first group was kept as a control group in which rats were fed on a basal diet for 15 weeks (Control), while in the second group (Control + SFN) rats were fed on the basal diet for 11 weeks then a sulforaphane (SFN) was given (0.5 mg/kg/day) orally for additional 4 weeks. The third group was the high cholesterol high fructose (HCF) where rats were fed on the basal diet mixed with a solution of cholesterol (1 % ) and fructose (10 %) for 15 weeks, while in the fourth group (HCF + SFN) high cholesterol high fructose diet and sulforaphane rats were fed on the basal diet mixed with a solution of cholesterol (1 %) and fructose (10 %) for 11 weeks then a SFN was given orally (0.5 mg/kg/day) for another 4 weeks. Serum and plasma samples were collected to determine the glycemic status, lipid profile, antioxidant status, oxidative and nitrosative stress markers, and apoptotic marker, alongside liver tissue samples for histopathological examination. Results: Results revealed that sulforaphane alleviated the oxidative damage (decreasing MDA and NO) and improved the antioxidant status (reducing glutathione), and enhanced glycemic status through decreasing plasma glucose concentration and decreasing caspase 9 concentration. Conclusion and clinical relevance: It can be suggested that sulforaphane (SFN) can improve insulin resistance (I.R) and improve serum lipid profile.

Fucoidans are marine algal sulfated glycans that are widely used as dietary additives in aquaculture. These glycans are recognized as beneficial supplements for their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antiviral properties. Potassium permanganate is another commonly used chemical that is used in aquaculture to treat infections in fish. Despite their widespread use, there are few data available regarding the potential sublethal toxicity associated with fucoidan and potassium permanganate treatments of fish. In this study, we investigated the effect of each compound on the growth, intestinal health, and antioxidant status of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Both compounds affected the growth of experimental fish compared with untreated fish. However, while growth parameters were positively associated with the dose of fucoidan administered, growth was negatively associated with the dose of potassium permanganate in Nile tilapia. Fucoidan treatment was observed to improve the intestinal health of fish based upon increases in intestinal villous area, intestinal villous length and width, and the intraepithelial lymphocyte number and decreases in the total intestinal bacterial count compared with untreated fish. Conversely, potassium permanganate induced intestinal epithelium proliferation and villous branching, a histopathological response typically observed with chemical irritants. Both fucoidan and potassium permanganate decreased levels of oxidative and nitrosative stress markers and enhanced the antioxidant status in multiple organs. Taken together, fucoidan dietary application improved the growth, intestinal health, and antioxidant status in Nile tilapia, supporting the use of this compound as a promising feed additive for aquaculture production. Conversely, potassium permanganate baths have negative effects on fish growth at higher doses and appeared to act as a gastrointestinal irritant in tilapia. This study improves knowledge regarding the biochemical and histological responses in Nile tilapia to two widely used aquaculture-related treatments.

The present study evaluated the protective effects of fenofibrate on liver function, oxidant-antioxidant balance, and insulin resistance (IR) in rats fed high-fat-high-fructose diet (HFFD). Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats (110-130 gm) were allocated into four equal groups (n = 6). Rats in group I were fed a normal diet for 4 weeks. Rats in group II were fed a normal diet with fenofibrate at 50 mg/kg/day orally for four weeks. Rats in group III were fed a normal diet mixed with 25% palm oil and given 60% fructose solution orally for 4 weeks. Rats in group IV were fed a normal diet mixed with 25% palm oil, 60% oral fructose solution, and fenofibrate at 50 mg/kg/day orally for four weeks. After experimental induction, serum and liver tissue samples were collected to determine lipid profiles, glycemic status, antioxidant status, oxidative and stress markers, and histopathology of liver tissues. The results of the present study revealed that fenofibrate prevents the occurrence of fatty liver, enhancing glycemic status, decreasing oxidative stress, and improving antioxidant status. It can be concluded that fenofibrate has a lipotropic and antidiabetic role.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in the promotion of distal limb wound defects healing in donkeys. Design: A randomized experimental design Animals: Twelve clinically healthy male donkeys, weighing, 130–230 kg and aged 4 –5 years were allocated into three groups(4 animals/each) and undergo a 6cm2 (2cm X 3cm) 2 wound defects on the dorsolateral surface of right metacarpal and metatarsal regions for each donkey. Control (group A): the wound defects were left for spontaneous healing. In groups B and C, the wound defects were treated with either one application of PRF (B) or with three consecutive applications of PRF (a week interval) (C). Wound defects healing were evaluated clinically, histologically and immunohistochemically, in addition to gene expression patterns of angiogenic and myofibroblastic genes vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A), collagen type 3 α1 (COL3α1), and fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF-7) and tissue growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) were performed. Results: The healing percentage of single and three PRF applications was significantly higher (P

In forensic medicine, the study of gene expression in cadaveric tissues is well established, while analysis of post-mortem gene transcripts (thanatotranscriptome) is a novel arena for detec...

In the current study, we aimed to investigate the neurotoxic effect of oral titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO

Rosemary oil (ROO) is known to have multiple pharmacological effects: it is an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective. In the present study, we examined the effects of ROO on Human olfactory bulb neuronal stem cells (hOBNSCs) after their transplantation into rats, with the ibotenic (IBO) acid-induced cognitive deficit model. After 7 weeks, cognitive functions were assessed using the Morris water maze (MWM). After two months blood and hippocampus samples were collected for biochemical, gene expression, and histomorphometric analyses. Learning ability and memory function were significantly enhanced (P 0.05) after hOBNSCs transplantation and were nearly returned to normal in the treated group. The IBO acid injection was associated with a significant decline (P 0.05) of total leukocyte count (TLC) and a significant increase (P 0.05) in total and toxic neutrophils. As well, the level of IL-1β, TNF-α CRP in serum and levels of MDA and NO in hippocampus tissue were significantly elevated (P 0.05), while antioxidant markers (CAT, GSH, and SOD) were reduced (P 0.05) in treated tissue compared to controls. The administration of ROO before or with cell transplantation attenuated all these parameters. In particular, the level of NO nearly returned to normal when rosemary was administrated before cell transplantation. Gene expression analysis revealed the potential protective effect of ROO and hOBNSCs via down-expression of R-βAmyl and R- CAS 3 and R-GFAP genes. The improvement in the histological organization of the hippocampus was detected after the hOBNSCs transplantation especially in h/ROO/hOBNSCs group.

Objective: To evaluate the protective role of alpha lipoic acid in rats affected with experimentally-induced diabetes and secondarily complicated with nephropathy. Design: Randomized controlled study. Animals: Forty-eight Sprague Dawley rats. Procedures: Rats were allocated randomly into four groups (12 each); Control rats (Group 1); alpha lipoic acid (ALA) supplemented rats (Group 2); rats with induced diabetic nephropathy (Group 3), and rats with diabetic nephropathy and supplemented with alpha lipoic acid (Group 4). After one month of experimental induction, serum, plasma and renal tissue samples were harvested to determine glycemic status, renal damage markers, antioxidant status, oxidative and nitrosative stress markers, apoptotic marker and histopathology of kidney tissues. Results: In comparison with non-supplemented diabetic rats, alpha lipoic acid reduced renal malondialdehyde (5.74± 0.26 vs 11.3± 1.96 nmol/g. tissue) and renal nitric oxide (30.06± 2.07 vs 36.6± 1.07 nmol/g. tissue). ALA significantly improved the antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase and reduced glutathione), glycemic status, and decreased caspase 3 concentration (P Conclusion and clinical relevance: Alpha lipoic acid may be an alternative intervention to alleviate nephropathy as a complication of diabetes. Further studies need to be done in naturally occurring cases.

Second-intention wound healing may be impaired by wound or host factors and thus more advanced therapies are required for a fast and satisfactory outcome. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), rich in growth factors that are essential for tissue repair, could improve wound healing. Twelve apparently healthy male donkeys were divided into two groups. Four full-thickness excisional skin wounds (2 × 2 cm) were created on lateral surfaces of the right metacarpal and left metatarsal of all donkeys (two wounds on each limb). Control wounds were left without treatment. Meanwhile, the wounds were treated topically with PRF. Wound healing was evaluated clinically, histologically, and through gene expression. The times required for complete wound closure were significantly shorter in PRF-treated wound compared with untreated wounds (36.00 ± 1.26 vs. 48.50 ± 1.87). All wounds of PRF groups healed faster than untreated wounds. Epithelization and wound contraction were observed earlier in PRF-treated wound compared with the control group (at second and third week, respectively). In PRF group, granulation tissue was regular, smooth, and observed earlier than in the control group. Histological and molecular evaluation confirmed the gross findings via early granulation tissue formation, higher epithelialization, collagen deposition, fibroblast proliferation, and angiogenic and myofibroplastic genes (collagen type 3α1, vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor 7, and transform growth factor β1) revealed significant overexpression in PRF-treated group when compared with the control at 15 and 30 days after wounding. Allogeneic PRF is considered a step forward in improving cutaneous wound healing in lower limb in donkeys via higher epithelialization, wound contraction, and could accelerate wound closure with smooth and regular granulation tissue.

Phylogenetic analysis of blood parasite infections including Babesia (B.) bovis, Babesia microti and Trypanosoma (T.) spp. in one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) (n= 142) breeds in Halayeb and Shalateen, in Upper Egypt were performed in the current study. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays targeting the Rhoptry Associated Protein-1 (RAP-1), Babesia microti small subunit rRNA (ss-rRNA) and internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) genes were used to detect the prevalence of B. bovis, B. microti and Trypanosoma spp. in camels, respectively. Nested PCR assays were used for the detection of Babesia spp. (B. bovis and B. microti). While, KIN-multi species PCR reaction was employed to detect and identify trypanosome DNA in camels. B. microti was detected in (17/142) with infection rate (11.97 %). Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses revealed that B. microti detected in camel was closely related to the German strain in rats and voles in France. B. bovis was also detected in (4/142) with infection rate (2.81%). The sequence and phylogenetic analyses revealed that the isolated B. bovis was closely related to strains isolated from Argentine, USA and Brazil. Moreover, T. evansi was detected in (8/142) with infection rate (5.63%). Sequence and phylogenetic analyses revealed that isolated T. evansi was closely related to T. theileri that was detected from cattle in Brazil. This study provides the first evidence of B. microti in camel in Egypt and highlights the possible role of one-humped camels in maintaining the enzootic cycle of Babesia transmission in Egypt.

Aims This study was designed to evaluate the protective and therapeutic efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) against testicular degeneration and germ cell apoptosis after induced spermatic cord torsion/detorsion (TD) in rats. Materials Forty rats were allocated into 5 groups: 1) control, 2) short torsion/detorsion (STD), 3) long torsion detorsion (LTD), 4) protective (PRP/P) and 5) treatment (PRP/T). Testicular ischemia was induced by twisting the right testis 1080° clockwise for 2.5 h. PRP (10 μl) was injected intra-testicular 5 min before (PRP/P) and 3 h after (PRP/T) detorsion. At the end of the experiment, rats were euthanized at 2, 30, 2, and 30 days for groups 2–5 respectively. Nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, catalase, total antioxidant capacity, reduced glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, interleukin1 beta, tumor necrosis factor, caspase-3, and B-cell lymphoma 2 expressions were assessed in the testes. Moreover, histological examination was performed. Key findings PRP treatment significantly mitigated the torsion-detorsion induced testicular degeneration. Particularly, by improving the state of oxidative stress (NO, P = 0.0001) and antioxidant markers (TAC, GSH, GST, P = 0.0001–0.01) and decreasing the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α and cas 3 and increase the BCL2 fold changes (P = 0.0001). The protective use of PRP is superior to the therapeutic use of PRP in the restoration of the testicular histoarchitecture following TD. Significance This study illustrates the cyto-protective role of PRP against TD induced testicular cell injury that highlight possible application of PRP as a complementary therapy in different testicular degenerative diseases which might attribute to its ability to ameliorate the oxidative stress and inhibit induced apoptosis.

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of induced urolithiasis by high dietary calcium (Ca) or protein levels on biochemical analyte levels, redox status, selected inflammatory cytokines and histopathology in chickens. A total of 90 one-day-old white Hy-Line chicks were fed basal control diets containing 20% crude protein (CP) and 1% Ca until they reached 44 days of age. After that, the birds were divided into three groups (30 birds per group). All management factors (light, temperature, ventilation, stock density and diet) were identical among the three groups throughout the study except for the dietary Ca and protein percentages. Group I was fed a control diet containing 20% CP and 1% Ca, group II was fed a high-Ca diet containing 5% Ca, and group III was fed a high-protein diet containing 25% CP. Our findings clearly demonstrated that dietary imbalance (caused by high-Ca or high-CP levels) per se in chickens was physiologically harmful, as it was accompanied by post-mortem lesions; biochemical, redox status and histopathological alterations; and upregulation of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6). In particular, the birds fed the high-Ca diet clearly exhibited the most obvious alterations in most of the endpoints. In conclusion, this study constitutes the first extensive investigation of the effects of high-Ca or high-protein diets induced urolithiasis on growth performance, redox status, inflammatory cytokine levels and pathological characterization in chickens.

This study was designed to evaluate the modulating effect dietary clove essential oil (CL) has on the antioxidant and immunological status of Nile tilapia following Streptococcus iniae (Si) infection. Fish were placed on either control or (1.5 and 3%) CL-supplemented diets for 4 weeks. After sampling, the remaining fish in the control group were divided into 2 groups: an unchallenged (negative control) and an Si-challenged positive control. On the other hand, the remaining fish in CL-supplemented groups were challenged with Si, and mortality was checked for two weeks before the final sampling. Serum immunological parameters, tissue antioxidants, and oxidative stress markers were determined. Moreover, hepatic hepcidin expression was also measured in different groups. The obtained results showed improvements in blood phagocytic, bactericidal, lysozyme, and respiratory burst activities in CL-supplemented fish before and after the Si challenge. Si-challenge caused a remarkable increase in tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels that was inhibited by CL supplementation. The activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in tissues were significantly elevated in a dose-dependent manner in CL-supplemented groups in both pre- and post-challenge experiments; renal SOD did not show any differences. Hepatic nitric oxide (NO) level was significantly decreased in CL-supplemented fish in a dose-dependent manner. In the post-challenge experiment, nitrosative stress was apparent in the liver and kidney; however, CL supplementation was sufficient to reverse it. Interestingly, a remarkable induction of the hepatic hepcidin expression was observed in all CL-supplemented groups in the pre-challenge experiment and Si-challenged fish, underscoring the role of CL as an antibacterial through inducing hepatic hepcidin expression to combat S. iniae infection. CL-supplementation was associated with lower mortality rates after Si-challenge, which was more pronounced in CL-3% supplemented fish. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that CL has a potent antioxidant role via increasing antioxidant enzymes' activities and antagonizing lipid peroxidation. Moreover, CL has an immune-stimulant effect by inducing the hepatic hepcidin expression and immunological markers in response to S. iniae infection.

There have been many studies on improving the efficacy of cisplatin and on identifying safe compounds that can overcome multi-drug resistance (MDR) acquired by cancer cells. Our previous research showed that polyethylene glycol-modified titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 PEG NPs) affect cell membrane receptors, resulting in their aggregation, altered localization and downregulation. TiO2 PEG NPs may affect P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a membrane efflux channel involved in MDR. In this study, we investigated the effect of TiO2 PEG NPs on cisplatin cytotoxicity. We used HepG2 cells, which highly express P-gp and A431 cells, which show low expression of P-gp. The results showed that 10 &micro, g/mL 100 nm TiO2 PEG NPs increased intracellular cisplatin levels and cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells but not in A431 cells. TiO2 PEG NPs treatment decreased the expression level of P-gp in HepG2 cells. Our findings indicate that TiO2 PEG NPs enhance cisplatin cytotoxicity by down regulating P-gp and that TiO2 PEG NPs are promising candidates for inhibiting P-gp and reversing drug resistance acquired by cancer cells.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a component of the outer membrane of gram negative bacteria. LPS challenging allows switching transcription of proinflammatory cytokines on via over stimulation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling pathway with subsequent pathogenic inflammatory response. We investigated the possible reproductive toxicity of LPS in male Wister albino rats. Oxidative stress markers, antioxidant status and caspase-3 activity were analyzed in testicular tissues of rats exposed to either saline or LPS (4 mg/kg BW, ip; 0.18 of the LD50). The samples were collected at 6 h and 72 h after injection of LPS. A significant reduction in testicular reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was observed at 72 h compared to control group. Total antioxidant capacity was decreased at 6 h with additional significant reduction at 72 h. Catalase activity was reduced significantly at both 6 and 72 h. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was increased (P ≤ 0.05) in LPS injected rats without variation between 6 and 72 h. A significant increase in nitric oxide (NO) was observed at 72 h after injection. A time-dependent increase in LPS-treated groups was observed in the concentration of caspase-3.Histopathological analysis revealed degenerative changes and necrosis of seminiferous tubules after 6 h with further accumulation of eosinophilic edematous transudate in its lumen after 72 h. In conclusion, by increasing time of exposure, LPS induced lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, reduced testicular antioxidant capacity and encouraged testicular apoptosis which could be possible mechanisms for impairment of testicular function.

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most important infectious zoonotic diseases of vertebrates worldwide. TB in animals is primarily known from cases in cattle and other bovids for which the disease is generally referred to as bovine TB. The major causative agent of bovine TB is Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Animal TB is a disease of high economic relevance within the context of livestock farming as it directly affects animal productivity and also influences international trade of animal products. In this study, we aimed at mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) analysis of cases of TB infection in local cattle in Egypt. Therefore, various samples (milk and blood samples) were collected from cattle farms (in Damietta Province) that were positive for tuberculin test. Mycobacterial isolation was tested on milk samples, but it showed negative result. DNA was extracted from blood samples. Five mycobacterial genes (IS6110, katG, gyrA, oxyR, pncA) were used for further confirmation of field TB infection. All blood samples were positive for Mycobacterial-specific genes. Twelve MIRU-VNTR loci were used to test their discriminatory power in the genetic analysis of TB, but such MIRU-VNTR loci typing failed to show any discriminatory power for the genetic analysis of bovine TB cases.

The current study was conducted on 70 male albino rats for elucidation the role of different green tea either local (E) or imported (C) and capsulated like green tea (CAP) as well as two common active principle Epigallocatechin gallate (EPI) and polyphenols (POL) on high fat ration (HFR) fed rats. The results showed that EPI and POL were showing a significant improvement in lipid profile and anti-oxidant status of rats. Meanwhile, EPI and CAP groups revealed the highest improvement in kidney function, while the Egyptian, Chinese green tea leaves and POL groups showed a significant enhancement in hepato-billiary system. All the studied groups revealed a significant improvement in cardiac function. Moreover, MEST relative expression increased in HFR group and showed a significant down-regulation in all green tea groups but EPI revealed the lowest relative expression in MEST which suggested its effect on improving obesity in rats.

Fucoidans are sulfated glycans from marine algae that have both anti-cancer and anti-microbial properties. Chlorothalonil is a fungicide and insecticide commonly used in agriculture. Chlorothalonil is relatively toxic to fish and can potentially affect the aquaculture practices. In this study, we determined whether fucoidan administration would offer any protection from acute and subchronic toxicity of chlorothalonil on Nile tilapia. First, we tested the effect of chlorothalonil (20 to 140 μg/L, water-applied) on Nile tilapia in an acute exposure (six days). Survival analysis was performed, together with assessment of histopathology, oxidative stress (i.e., antioxidant status, hydrogen peroxide levels, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels) and immunohistochemistry to measure indicators of hepatic damage (i.e., caspase 3, p53, mini-chromosome maintenance proteins (MCM), and glutathione peroxidase). Chlorothalonil induced mild to severe histopathological alterations that were dose-dependent in various tissues of Nile tilapia. Chlorothalonil also induced oxidative stress as indicated by elevated biochemical markers. The highest recorded mortalities were associated with p53 expression. Additional feeding experiments were conducted with fucoidan (8 g/kg diet), following acute (40 μg/L for seven days) and sub-chronic (20 μg/L for six weeks) chlorothalonil application in Nile tilapia. Many of these same biochemical biomarkers of stress, oxidative damage response, and tissue pathology (evidence for hepatic neoplasm) were ameliorated by fucoidan, suggesting a protective effect of the compound. Agrochemicals are ubiquitous on a global scale, and the use of fucoidan as a feed additive may be beneficial for protecting aquatic animal health and aquaculture species from the impacts of chemical run-off.

The current study was performed to investigate the ameliorating effect of dietary supplementation of 0.5 and 1% Spiurolina platensis (SP) diet against the sub-acute toxicity of diazinon (DZN) 0.28mg/L in Nile tilapia. At the end of experiment after 28days, hepatic and renal damage markers (aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, uric acid and creatinine), serum biochemical parameters (total proteins, albumin, cholesterol and glucose) and tissue antioxidant status (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione and malondialdehyde) were detesrmined. The results of the current study revealed significant improvement in hepatic and renal damage markers after SP supplementation in fish exposed to DZN toxicity. Moreover, SP improved serum biochemical markers through increasing serum albumin and globulins with a significant decrease in serum glucose and cholesterol. In addition, liver, kidneys and gills antioxidant status showed a significant improvement after SP supplemented to fish exposed to DZN where a significant increase in tissue antioxidant activity were observed with a significant decline in lipid peroxidation levels. It can be concluded that, SP supplementation attenuated the toxic effect of DZN toxicity in Nile tilapia through improving liver and kidney functions with a significant enhancement of tissue antioxidant status.

application/pdf, Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has an important role in musculoskeletal surgery; however, it has been underutilized for accelerating the healing of abdominal wall defects in veterinary practice. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of commercial polyester/cotton fabric (Damour) as a new composite mesh for the repair of experimentally induced abdominal wall defects in canine models, and to investigate the possible role of PRP for improving such repair and reducing allied complications. For this purpose, abdominal wall defects were created in 24 healthy mongrel dogs and then repaired with mesh alone (control group) or mesh and allogenic PRP (PRP group). Dogs were euthanized after 2 or 4 months for gross examination of implantation site, detection of adhesion score and hernia recurrence. Moreover, tissue samples were collected for histological and gene expression analyses for neovascularization, collagen formation and tissue incorporation. Hernia recurrence was not recorded in PRP-treated dogs that also displayed significantly more neovascularization and less severe adhesion to the underlings (1.08 ± 0.51) in comparison to control group (2.08 ± 0.99). Histological and molecular evaluation confirmed the gross findings that collagen deposition, new vessel formation, and overexpression of angiogenic and myofibroplastic genes (COL1α1, COL3α1, VEGF and TGFβ1) were observed more frequently in the PRP group, at both time points. In conclusion, we found that addition of allogenic PRP to Damour mesh enhanced neovessel formation, and increased tissue deposition and incorporation, with subsequent reduction of peritoneal adhesion and recurrence rate. c 2017 The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science.

Objective: To evaluate the potential protective effect of pumpkins’ seed extract on oxidative stress and cyclin D1 expression associated with mammary gland carcinoma in rats. Design: Randomized controlled experimental study. Animals: Forty female Sprague Dawley rats. Procedures: Rats were allocated equally to four groups (10 rats each); group 1 (control group); group 2 received 7, 12 dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) subcutaneously in the mammary region to induce carcinoma. Group 3 received pumpkin seed extract at 300 mg/kg body weight orally, and group 4 was treated with both pumpkin seed extract and DMBA. Animals were euthanized after 8 weeks of treatment, and tissues from mammary gland were collected and divided into three portions. The first portion was used to determine antioxidant and oxidative stress markers; the second one was stored in RNA for later estimation of Cyclin D1 expression, and the last portion was stored in neutral buffered formalin (10%) for histopathological examination. Results: Levels of Nitric oxide, Malondialdehyde and Reduced Glutathione, as well as activity of Glutathione-S-transferase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed a significant decline in rats supplemented with pumpkin seed extract and subjected to induced mammary carcinoma in comparison with diseased non-supplemented rats (P Conclusion and clinical relevance: Pumpkins’ seed extract can alleviate the oxidative stress and cyclin D1 expression associated with experimentally induced mammary carcinoma in rats. Further studies are needed to get an evidence for the use of pumpkin seed extract in the clinical practice.

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of omega-3 supplementation on growth performance, clinical signs, post-mortem lesions, haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titres, gene expression and histopathology in quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and avian influenza virus (AIV) H9N2. One hundred, 40-day-old male quails were divided into 5 groups: G1, fed a control basal diet; G2A, infected with NDV; G2B, infected with H9N2; G3A, infected with NDV and given omega-3, and G3B, infected with H9N2 and given omega-3. The dietary omega-3 supplementation was continued for 4 weeks: two weeks before infection and two weeks after intranasal infection with virulent NDV and AIV H9N2. Our results revealed significant differences (P

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have a strong potential for cancer therapeutic and bioimaging applications such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photodynamic diagnosis (PDD). Our previous results have shown that TiO2 NPs have a low cellular uptake and can induce cell proliferation. This suggests that TiO2 NPs could increase the risk of tumor overgrowth while being used for PDD and PDT. To solve this problem, we constructed epidermal growth factor-ligated polyethylene glycol-coated TiO2 NPs (EGF-TiO2 PEG NPs). In this work, we studied the effect of EGF conjugation on the cellular uptake of TiO2 PEG NPs. Then, we investigated the effect of both non-conjugated and EGF-TiO2 PEG NPs on the A431 epidermal cancer cell line, proliferation and growth via the investigation of EGFR localization and expression. Our results indicated that TiO2 PEG NPs induced EGFRs aggregation on the A431 cells surface and induced cell proliferation. In addition, EGF-TiO2 PEG NPs induced the internalization of EGFRs inside of cells with increased cellular NPs uptake and decreased cellular proliferation compared to TiO2 PEG NPs-treated cells. These findings suggest that EGF conjugation can increase the efficacy of TiO2 PEG NPs for biomedical applications such as PDD and PDT with decreased risk of tumor overgrowth.

Panting syndrome and respiratory infection have been recorded in complicated cases of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in cattle. However, investigations on the causative agents of respiratory disease in such cases are scarce. In this study, 30 animals (13 buffalo and 17 cattle) suffering from respiratory distress associated with signs of FMD were examined. Serum samples were collected and FMD infection was confirmed. Bacteriological examination of lungs from eight necropitized cases revealed the presence of C. perfringens. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) was performed on the positive samples followed by sequencing analysis. The alpha toxin gene (plc) of C. perfringens was identified in six cases. The present investigation highlights the role of clostridial infection as a complication of FMD in cattle and buffalo. This is the first report identifying the C. perfringens toxins from lung of animals with respiratory distress associated with FMD infection.

The current study investigated the effect of upregulation of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) by cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) on renal dysfunctions in renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and its underlying mechanisms. 72 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: sham group, ischemic group (left 45-min renal ischemia), CoPP-before group (as ischemic group with CoPP 20 mg/kg 30 min before ischemia) and CoPP-after group (as ischemic group with CoPP 20 mg/kg 20 min after ischemia). Serum creatinine, urea and TGF-β1 and markers of redox state (MDA, SOD, GSH and CAT), nitric oxide (NO), TGF-β1 and HO-1 in kidney tissues were measured. Serum creatinine and urea levels were significantly increased in ischemic group and attenuated in CoPP-treated groups (p < 0.05). Also, markers of redox state showed significant deteriorations in ischemic group which were improved significantly in CoPP-treated groups (p < 0.05). HO-1 expression in kidney tissues showed significant increase in ischemic group and showed more significant increase in CoPP-treated groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, serum and renal TGF-β1 levels were significantly increased in ischemic group and attenuated in CoPP-treated groups (p ≶ 0.05). We concluded that up-regulation of HO-1 by CoPP treatment before and after renal I/R injury improved the kidney function and morphology and this might be due to impairment of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines in kidney tissues.