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1. Single cell RNA sequencing reveals hemocyte heterogeneity in Biomphalaria glabrata: Plasticity over diversity

Author

Pichon, Rémi, Pinaud, Silvain, Vignal, Emmanuel, Chaparro, Cristian, Pratlong, Marine, Portet, Anaïs, Duval, David, Galinier, Richard, Gourbal, Benjamin, Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute [Cambridge, Royaume-Uni] (CRUK), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle - Montpellier GenomiX (IGF MGX), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-BioCampus (BCM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, and Modat, Anne

Subjects
glabrata, Biomphalaria, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Snails, Immunology, innate immune system, Schistosoma mansoni, mansoni, B. glabrata, [SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, Schistosomiasis mansoni, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, hemocytes, [SDV.BA.ZI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Animals, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, S. mansoni, [SDV.IMM.II] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, single cell RNA seq
Abstract

Peer reviewed: True, The freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata is an intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni, the agent of human intestinal schistosomiasis. However, much is to be discovered about its innate immune system that appears as a complex black box, in which the immune cells (called hemocytes) play a major role in both cellular and humoral response towards pathogens. Until now, hemocyte classification has been based exclusively on cell morphology and ultrastructural description and depending on the authors considered from 2 to 5 hemocyte populations have been described. In this study, we proposed to evaluate the hemocyte heterogeneity at the transcriptomic level. To accomplish this objective, we used single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) technology coupled to a droplet-based system to separate hemocytes and analyze their transcriptome at a unique cell level in naive Biomphalaria glabrata snails. We were able to demonstrate the presence of 7 hemocyte transcriptomic populations defined by the expression of specific marker genes. As a result, scRNAseq approach showed a high heterogeneity within hemocytes, but provides a detailed description of the different hemocyte transcriptomic populations in B. glabrata supported by distinct cellular functions and lineage trajectory. As a main result, scRNAseq revealed the 3 main population as a super-group of hemocyte diversity but, on the contrary, a great hemocytes plasticity with a probable capacity of hemocytes to engage to different activation pathways. This work opens a new field of research to understand the role of hemocytes particularly in response to pathogens, and towards S. mansoni parasites.

Published
2022
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2. Automated ChIPmentation procedure on limited biological material of the human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni

Author

Chrystelle Lasica, Hélène Moné, Cristian Chaparro, Christoph Grunau, Agnieszka Zelisko-Schmidt, Ronaldo de Carvalho Augusto, Gabriel Mouahid, Anne-Clémence Veillard, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire de biologie et modélisation de la cellule (LBMC UMR 5239), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), diagenode, Modat, Anne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL)

Subjects
0303 health sciences, limited biological material, biology, Human blood, library input, 030231 tropical medicine, ChIPmentation, Medicine (miscellaneous), Computational biology, Schistosoma mansoni, biology.organism_classification, Biological materials, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, ChIP-seq, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Human parasite, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Chromatin immunoprecipitation, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, 030304 developmental biology, N-ChIP
Abstract

In living cells, the genetic information stored in the DNA sequence is always associated with chromosomal and extra-chromosomal epigenetic information. Chromatin is formed by the DNA and associated proteins, in particular histones. Covalent histone modifications are important bearers of epigenetic information and as such have been increasingly studied since about the year 2000. One of the principal techniques to gather information about the association between DNA and modified histones is chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), also combined with massive sequencing (ChIP-Seq). Automated ChIPmentation procedure is a convenient alternative to native chromatin immunoprecipitation (N-ChIP). It is now routinely used for ChIP-Seq in many model species, using in general roughly 106 cells per experiment. Such high cell numbers are sometimes difficult to produce. Using the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni, whose production requires sacrificing animals and should therefore be kept to a minimum, we show here that automated ChIPmentation is suitable for limited biological material. We define the operational limit as ≥20,000 Schistosoma cells. We also present a streamlined protocol for the preparation of ChIP input libraries.

Published
2022
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15. Functional DIversification of Big-Defensins and the shaping of oyster microbiota

Author

Nicolas, Noémie de San, Asokan, A., Rosa, R.D., Voisin, S.N., Travers, Marie Agnès, Rocha, G., Aucagne, Vincent, Garcia, C., Dantan, Luc, Charrière, Guillaume, Escoubas, Jean-Michel, Boulo, Viviane, Delmas, A., Bulet, Philippe, Montagnani, C., Destoumieux-Garzon, D., and Modat, Anne

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences
Published
2022

19. Priorities for research on environment, climate and health, a European perspective

Author

Drakvik, Elina, Kogevinas, Manolis, Bergman, Åke, Devouge, Anais, Barouki, Robert, Devouge, Anaïs, Sarigiannis, Denis, Destoumieux-Garzón, Delphine, Matthies-Wiesler, Franziska, Peters, Annette, Zalko, Daniel, Villanueva, Cristina, Tonne, Cathryn, Cardis, Elisabeth, Diago-Navarro, Elizabeth, Antó, Josep M., Foraster, Maria, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, Straif, Kurt, van Veldhoven, Karin, Belesova, Kristine, Pearce, Neil, Haines, Andy, Klánová, Jana, Šebková, Kateřina, Pokorný, Lukáš, Hilscherová, Klára, Boekhold, Sandra, Staatsen, Brigit, van der Vliet, Nina, Furman, Eeva, Paloniemi, Riikka, Rekola, Aino, Aulake, Marianne, Byers, Vivienne, Gilmer, Alan, Huss, Anke, Vermeulen, Roel, Slama, Rémy, Samson, Michel, Albin, Maria, Grönlund, Åke, Garric, Jeanne, Stockholm University, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Instituto de Salud Global - Institute For Global Health [Barcelona] (ISGlobal), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Generalitat de Catalunya, Toxicité environnementale, cibles thérapeutiques, signalisation cellulaire (T3S - UMR_S 1124), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), HERA (Health and Environment Research Agenda) Consortium: Robert Barouki, Manolis Kogevinas, Åke Bergman, Elina Drakvik, Anaïs Devouge, Denis Sarigiannis, Delphine Destoumieux-Garzón, Franziska Matthies-Wiesler, Annette Peters, Daniel Zalko, Cristina Villanueva, Cathryn Tonne, Elisabeth Cardis, Elizabeth Diago-Navarro, Josep M Antó, Maria Foraster, Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, Kurt Straif, Karin van Veldhoven, Kristine Belesova, Neil Pearce, Andy Haines, Jana Klánová, Kateřina Šebková, Lukáš Pokorný, Klára Hilscherová, Sandra Boekhold, Brigit Staatsen, Nina van der Vliet, Eeva Furman, Riikka Paloniemi, Aino Rekola, Marianne Aulake, Vivienne Byers, Alan Gilmer, Anke Huss, Roel Vermeulen, Rémy Slama, Michel Samson, Maria Albin, Åke Grönlund, Jeanne Garric, and Modat, Anne

Subjects
Transformational change, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Climate, Impact assessment, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Climate Change, Urbanization, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Research agenda, Infrastructures, Europe, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Humans, Chemicals, Cities, Impact Assessment, Research Agenda, Transformational Change, Ecosystem
Abstract

Climate change, urbanisation, chemical pollution and disruption of ecosystems, including biodiversity loss, affect our health and wellbeing. Research is crucial to be able to respond to the current and future challenges that are often complex and interconnected by nature. The HERA Agenda, summarised in this commentary, identifies six thematic research goals in the environment, climate and health fields. These include research to 1) reduce the effects of climate change and biodiversity loss on health and environment, 2) promote healthy lives in cities and communities, 3) eliminate harmful chemical exposures, 4) improve health impact assessment and implementation research, 5) develop infrastructures, technologies and human resources and 6) promote research on transformational change towards sustainability. Numerous specific recommendations for research topics, i.e., specific research goals, are presented under each major research goal. Several methods were used to define the priorities, including web-based surveys targeting researchers and stakeholder groups as well as a series of online and face-to-face workshops, involving hundreds of researchers and other stakeholders. The results call for an unprecedented effort to support a better understanding of the causes, interlinkages and impacts of environmental stressors on health and the environment. This will require breakdown of silos within policies, research, actors as well as in our institutional arrangements in order to enable more holistic approaches and solutions to emerge. The HERA project has developed a unique and exciting opportunity in Europe to consensuate priorities in research and strengthen research that has direct societal impact. The HERA project was funded from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 825417.

Published
2021
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20. Rhesus macaques self-curing from a schistosome infection can display complete immunity to challenge

Author

Adriana S. A. Pereira, Claudia J. de Dood, Rafaela de Paula Freitas, Murilo S. Amaral, Ronaldo de Carvalho Augusto, Patricia A. Miyasato, Jorge Kalil, Vânia Gomes de Moura Mattaraia, Christoph Grunau, R. Alan Wilson, Simone de Oliveira Castro, Paul L. A. M. Corstjens, Daisy Woellner Santos, Elisa M. Tjon Kon Fat, Sergio Verjovski-Almeida, Eliana Nakano, Govert J. van Dam, Ana Carolina Tahira, João V M Malvezzi, Instituto Butantan [São Paulo], Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Universiteit Leiden, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire de biologie et modélisation de la cellule (LBMC UMR 5239), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of York [York, UK], École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Modat, Anne, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)

Subjects
Male, General Physics and Astronomy, Vacuole, Epigenesis, Genetic, Histones, 0302 clinical medicine, Histone post-translational modifications, Lymphocytes, Genes, Helminth, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, biology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Schistosoma mansoni, Acquired immune system, 3. Good health, Rhesus macaque, Lytic cycle, Larva, Female, Antibody, Parasitic infection, Science, 030231 tropical medicine, Antibodies, Helminth, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Antibodies, Host-Parasite Interactions, 03 medical and health sciences, Antigen, Immunity, parasitic diseases, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Animals, Parasite Egg Count, 030304 developmental biology, General Chemistry, biology.organism_classification, Macaca mulatta, Schistosomiasis mansoni, Disease Models, Animal, Antigens, Helminth, Reinfection, Immunology, biology.protein, Parasite host response, Granulocytes
Abstract

The rhesus macaque provides a unique model of acquired immunity against schistosomes, which afflict >200 million people worldwide. By monitoring bloodstream levels of parasite-gut-derived antigen, we show that from week 10 onwards an established infection with Schistosoma mansoni is cleared in an exponential manner, eliciting resistance to reinfection. Secondary challenge at week 42 demonstrates that protection is strong in all animals and complete in some. Antibody profiles suggest that antigens mediating protection are the released products of developing schistosomula. In culture they are killed by addition of rhesus plasma, collected from week 8 post-infection onwards, and even more efficiently with post-challenge plasma. Furthermore, cultured schistosomula lose chromatin activating marks at the transcription start site of genes related to worm development and show decreased expression of genes related to lysosomes and lytic vacuoles involved with autophagy. Overall, our results indicate that enhanced antibody responses against the challenge migrating larvae mediate the naturally acquired protective immunity and will inform the route to an effective vaccine., To date there is only one single drug with modest efficacy and no vaccine available to protect from schistosomiasis. Here, Amaral et al. characterize the self-cure process of rhesus macaques following primary infection and secondary challenge with Schistosoma mansoni to inform future vaccine development studies.

Published
2021
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23. Chromatin landscape dynamics in the early development of the plant parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita

Author

Hassanaly-Goulamhoussen, Rahim, Augusto, Ronaldo de Carvalho, Marteu-Garello, Nathalie, Péré, Arthur, Favery, Bruno, Da Rocha, Martine, Danchin, Etienne, Abad, Pierre, Grunau, Christoph, Perfus-Barbeoch, Laetitia, De Carvalho Augusto, Ronaldo, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Laboratoire de biologie et modélisation de la cellule (LBMC UMR 5239), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Modat, Anne

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, root-knot nematode, QH301-705.5, parasitism, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Development, 01 natural sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], [SDV.BDD] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Meloidogyne incognita, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Epigenetics, Biology (General), Model organism, development, Gene, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, Original Research, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, epigenetics, ved/biology, histone modifications, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Cell Biology, Epigenome, biology.organism_classification, Chromatin, Histone, Evolutionary biology, Parasitism, biology.protein, [SDV.BBM.GTP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], H3K4me3, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Developmental Biology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

In model organisms, epigenome dynamics underlies a plethora of biological processes. The role of epigenetic modifications in development and parasitism in nematode pests remains unknown. The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita adapts rapidly to unfavorable conditions, despite its asexual reproduction. However, the mechanisms underlying this remarkable plasticity and their potential impact on gene expression remain unknown. This study provides the first insight into contribution of epigenetic mechanisms to this plasticity, by studying histone modifications in M. incognita. The distribution of five histone modifications revealed the existence of strong epigenetic signatures, similar to those found in the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We investigated their impact on chromatin structure and their distribution relative to transposable elements (TE) loci. We assessed the influence of the chromatin landscape on gene expression at two developmental stages: eggs, and pre-parasitic juveniles. H3K4me3 histone modification was strongly correlated with high levels of expression for protein-coding genes implicated in stage-specific processes during M. incognita development. We provided new insights in the dynamic regulation of parasitism genes kept under histone modifications silencing. In this pioneering study, we establish a comprehensive framework for the importance of epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of the genome expression and its stability in plant-parasitic nematodes.Author summaryThe nematode Meloidogyne incognita is one of the most destructive plant parasites worldwide. Its ability to infect a wide range of hosts and its high adaptability contribute to its parasitic success. We investigated the role of epigenetic mechanisms — specifically post-translational histone modifications — in the parasitic life cycle. We showed these modifications are linked to gene expression regulation and likely contribute to nematode development and pathogenicity.

Published
2021
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25. A Sustained Immune Response Supports Long-Term Antiviral Immune Priming in the Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas

Author

Julien de Lorgeril, Guillaume Mitta, Cristian Chaparro, Agnès Vergnes, Delphine Destoumieux-Garzón, Bruno Petton, Philippe Haffner, Célia Barrachina, Yannick Gueguen, Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol, Caroline Montagnani, Maxime Lafont, Benjamin Gourbal, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle - Montpellier GenomiX (IGF MGX), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-BioCampus (BCM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-14-CE19-0023,DECIPHER,Déchiffrage des maladies multifactorielles: cas des mortalités de l'huître(2014), ANR-13-JSV7-0009,INVIMORY,Immunité mémoire chez les invertébrés : spécificité et mécanismes de l'immunité mémoire chez le mollusque Lophotrochozoaire Biomphalaria glabrata.(2013), ANR-11-IDEX-0002,UNITI,Université Fédérale de Toulouse(2011), European Project: 678589,H2020,H2020-SFS-2015-2,VIVALDI(2016), Modat, Anne, Appel à projets générique - Déchiffrage des maladies multifactorielles: cas des mortalités de l'huître - - DECIPHER2014 - ANR-14-CE19-0023 - Appel à projets générique - VALID, Jeunes Chercheuses et Jeunes Chercheurs - Immunité mémoire chez les invertébrés : spécificité et mécanismes de l'immunité mémoire chez le mollusque Lophotrochozoaire Biomphalaria glabrata. - - INVIMORY2013 - ANR-13-JSV7-0009 - JC - VALID, Initiative d'excellence - Université Fédérale de Toulouse - - UNITI2011 - ANR-11-IDEX-0002 - IDEX - VALID, Preventing and mitigating farmed bivalve diseases - VIVALDI - - H20202016-03-01 - 2020-02-29 - 678589 - VALID, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Oyster, invertebrate-microbe interactions, Priming (immunology), poly(I-C), immune memory, Transcriptome, antiviral response, Interferon, innate immunity, 0303 health sciences, oyster, biology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology, interferon, Pacific oyster, Acquired immune system, QR1-502, DNA Virus Infections, Up-Regulation, interferons, poly(I·C), medicine.drug, animal structures, Microbiology, ostreid herpesvirus, Host-Microbe Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, Virology, biology.animal, medicine, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Animals, POMS, 14. Life underwater, Crassostrea, priming, 030304 developmental biology, Innate immune system, OsHV-1, Gene Expression Profiling, fungi, DNA Viruses, mollusks, transcriptomic, biology.organism_classification, Immunity, Innate, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Poly I-C, Immunology, Commentary, bacteria, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

Viral diseases cause significant losses in aquaculture. Prophylactic measures, such as immune priming, are promising control strategies. Treatment of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) with the double-stranded RNA analog poly(I·C) confers long-term protection against infection with ostreid herpesvirus 1, the causative agent of Pacific oyster mortality syndrome. In a recent article in mBio, Lafont and coauthors (M. Lafont, A. Vergnes, J. Vidal-Dupiol, J., Viral diseases cause significant losses in aquaculture. Prophylactic measures, such as immune priming, are promising control strategies. Treatment of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) with the double-stranded RNA analog poly(I·C) confers long-term protection against infection with ostreid herpesvirus 1, the causative agent of Pacific oyster mortality syndrome. In a recent article in mBio, Lafont and coauthors (M. Lafont, A. Vergnes, J. Vidal-Dupiol, J. de Lorgeril, et al., mBio 11:e02777-19, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02777-19) characterized the transcriptome of oysters treated with poly(I·C). This immune stimulator induced genes related to the interferon and apoptosis pathways. This response overlaps the response to viral infection, and high expression levels of potential effector genes are maintained for up to 4 months. This work opens the door to characterization of the phenomena of immune priming in a poorly studied invertebrate model. It also highlights the importance of interferon-like responses for invertebrate antiviral immunity.

Published
2020
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26. Measuring histone modifications in the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni

Author

Cristian Chaparro, Christoph Grunau, Céline Cosseau, Marion Picard, David Roquis, Ronaldo de Carvalho Augusto, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire de biologie et modélisation de la cellule (LBMC UMR 5239), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agroscope, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), David J. Timson, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), and Modat, Anne

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, biology, Histone modifications, 030231 tropical medicine, ChIPmentation, Robustness (evolution), Computational biology, Development, biology.organism_classification, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Histone, Human parasite, biology.protein, Native chromatin immunoprecipitation, Schistosomiasis, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Schistosoma mansoni, Chromatin immunoprecipitation, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Trematode
Abstract

International audience; DNA-binding proteins play critical roles in many major processes such as development and sexual biology of Schistosoma mansoni, and are important for the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) are useful to characterize the association of genomic regions with posttranslational chemical modifications of histone proteins. Challenges in the standard ChIP protocol have motivated recent enhancements in this approach, such as reducing the number of cells required and increasing the resolution. In this chapter, we describe the latest advances made by our group in the ChIP methods to improve the standard ChIP protocol to reduce the number of input cells required and to increase the resolution and robustness of ChIP in S. mansoni.

Published
2020
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27. The Ancestral N-Terminal Domain of Big Defensins Drives Bacterially Triggered Assembly into Antimicrobial Nanonets

Author

Sébastien N. Voisin, Evelyne Bachère, Jennifer da Silva, Lhousseine Touqui, Cairé Barreto, Albert Bressan, Karine Loth, Chantal Cazevielle, Agnès F. Delmas, Hélène Marchandin, Philippe Bulet, Agnès Vergnes, Rafael Diego Rosa, Hervé Meudal, Delphine Destoumieux-Garzón, Vincent Aucagne, Nawal Belmadi, Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina = Federal University of Santa Catarina [Florianópolis] (UFSC), Plateforme Biopark d'Archamps, Mucoviscidose et bronchopathies chroniques : biopathologie et phénotypes cliniques (EA 2511), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Institut Pasteur [Paris], MRI-COMET, Hôpital Saint Eloi, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble) (IAB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modat, Anne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université d'Orléans (UO), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
fibrils, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MRSA, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, antimicrobial peptides, Defensin, innate immunity, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, integumentary system, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Vertebrate, hemic and immune systems, respiratory system, Antimicrobial, QR1-502, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Staphylococcus aureus, Research Article, Antimicrobial peptides, Biology, 010402 general chemistry, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Virology, biology.animal, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], medicine, Animals, Humans, 14. Life underwater, antimicrobial resistance, Crassostrea, 030304 developmental biology, Innate immune system, Applied and Environmental Science, Phylum, fungi, bacterial infections and mycoses, biology.organism_classification, Immunity, Innate, Nanostructures, 0104 chemical sciences, mechanisms of action, nuclear magnetic resonance, Bacteria, defensins
Abstract

β-Defensins are host defense peptides controlling infections in species ranging from humans to invertebrates. However, the antimicrobial activity of most human β-defensins is impaired at physiological salt concentrations. We explored the properties of big defensins, the β-defensin ancestors, which have been conserved in a number of marine organisms, mainly mollusks. By focusing on a big defensin from oyster (Cg-BigDef1), we showed that the N-terminal domain lost during evolution toward β-defensins confers bactericidal activity to Cg-BigDef1, even at high salt concentrations. Cg-BigDef1 killed multidrug-resistant human clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, the ancestral N-terminal domain drove the assembly of the big defensin into nanonets in which bacteria are entrapped and killed. This discovery may explain why the ancestral N-terminal domain has been maintained in diverse marine phyla and creates a new path of discovery to design β-defensin derivatives active at physiological and high salt concentrations., Big defensins, ancestors of β-defensins, are composed of a β-defensin-like C-terminal domain and a globular hydrophobic ancestral N-terminal domain. This unique structure is found in a limited number of phylogenetically distant species, including mollusks, ancestral chelicerates, and early-branching cephalochordates, mostly living in marine environments. One puzzling evolutionary issue concerns the advantage for these species of having maintained a hydrophobic domain lost during evolution toward β-defensins. Using native ligation chemistry, we produced the oyster Crassostrea gigas BigDef1 (Cg-BigDef1) and its separate domains. Cg-BigDef1 showed salt-stable and broad-range bactericidal activity, including against multidrug-resistant human clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. We found that the ancestral N-terminal domain confers salt-stable antimicrobial activity to the β-defensin-like domain, which is otherwise inactive. Moreover, upon contact with bacteria, the N-terminal domain drives Cg-BigDef1 assembly into nanonets that entrap and kill bacteria. We speculate that the hydrophobic N-terminal domain of big defensins has been retained in marine phyla to confer salt-stable interactions with bacterial membranes in environments where electrostatic interactions are impaired. Those remarkable properties open the way to future drug developments when physiological salt concentrations inhibit the antimicrobial activity of vertebrate β-defensins.

Published
2019
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28. Real-time PCR for diagnosis of imported schistosomiasis

Author

Sophie Cassaing, Jérôme Boissier, Hélène Guegan, Antoine Berry, Alexis Valentin, Judith Fillaux, Florence Robert-Gangneux, Eléna Charpentier, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Emilie Guemas, Pamela Chauvin, Xavier Iriart, Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB) - Hôpital Purpan, Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), ANR 18 CE35 0001 03, U.S. Department of Defense, Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie [CHU Toulouse], Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier (UM), ANR-18-CE35-0001,HySWARM,Hybrid Swarm: rôle de l'hybridation dans les capacités invasives, l'épidémiologie et le diagnostic de la schistosomiase(2018), and Modat, Anne

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Schistosoma Mansoni, Physiology, Biopsy, RC955-962, Artificial Gene Amplification and Extension, Urine, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Gastroenterology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Serology, MESH: DNA, Helminth / analysis, Feces, Schistosomiasis haematobia, MESH: Biopsy, 0302 clinical medicine, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Medicine and Health Sciences, Schistosomiasis, MESH: Animals, MESH: Schistosomiasis haematobia / blood, MESH: Travel, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Schistosoma haematobium, Travel, biology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Eukaryota, DNA, Helminth, 6. Clean water, 3. Good health, Body Fluids, Infectious Diseases, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Helminth Infections, Schistosoma, Schistosoma mansoni, Anatomy, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, MESH: Schistosomiasis mansoni / urine, Research Article, Neglected Tropical Diseases, medicine.medical_specialty, 030231 tropical medicine, Surgical and Invasive Medical Procedures, MESH: Schistosomiasis mansoni / diagnosis, MESH: Schistosoma haematobium / isolation & purification, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Research and Analysis Methods, Sensitivity and Specificity, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Helminths, parasitic diseases, medicine, Parasitic Diseases, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Animals, Humans, Molecular Biology Techniques, MESH: Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / methods, Molecular Biology, MESH: Humans, MESH: Schistosomiasis haematobia / urine, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Gold standard (test), biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Tropical Diseases, Invertebrates, Schistosoma Haematobium, MESH: Schistosomiasis haematobia / diagnosis, Schistosomiasis mansoni, MESH: Sensitivity and Specificity, 030104 developmental biology, MESH: Feces / parasitology, MESH: Schistosomiasis mansoni / blood, business
Abstract

Background The diagnosis of schistosomiasis currently relies on microscopic detection of schistosome eggs in stool or urine samples and serological assays. The poor sensitivity of standard microscopic procedures performed in routine laboratories, makes molecular detection methods of increasing interest. The aim of the study was to evaluate two in-house real-time Schistosoma PCRs, targeting respectively S. mansoni [Sm] and S. haematobium [Sh] in excreta, biopsies and sera as potential tools to diagnose active infections and to monitor treatment efficacy. Methods Schistosoma PCRs were performed on 412 samples (124 urine, 86 stools, 8 biopsies, 194 sera) from patients with suspected schistosomiasis, before anti-parasitic treatment. Results were compared to microscopic examination and serological assays (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indirect haemagglutination (HA) and Western Blot (WB) assay). Results Compared to microscopy, PCRs significantly increased the sensitivity of diagnosis, from 4% to 10.5% and from 33.7% to 48.8%, for Sh in urine and Sm in stools, respectively. The overall sensitivity of PCR on serum samples was 72.7% and reached 94.1% in patients with positive excreta (microscopy). The specificity of serum PCR was 98.9%. After treatment, serum PCR positivity rates slowly declined from 93.8% at day 30 to 8.3% at day 360, whereas antibody detection remained positive after 1 year. Conclusion Schistosoma PCRs clearly outperform standard microscopy on stools and urine and could be part of reference methods combined with WB-based serology, which remains a gold standard for initial diagnosis. When serological assays are positive and microscopy is negative, serum PCRs provide species information to guide further clinical exploration. Biomarkers such as DNA and antibodies are of limited relevance for early treatment monitoring but serum PCR could be useful when performed at least 1 year after treatment to help confirm a cured infection., Author summary Schistosomiasis is one of the most important human parasitic neglected tropical diseases. It is a major source of morbidity and mortality in Africa but also in South America, the Caribbean, the Middle East, and Asia. It is transmitted by skin penetration of schistosome cercariae via contact with freshwater. Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium are the most common species and are frequent causes of infection in travelers and migrants returning from endemic areas. Chronic infections with these two species can cause irreversible damage to the liver or genitourinary tract. Diagnosis mainly relies on serological screening and microscopic procedures from urine and stool specimens that can, however, fail to detect low parasite burden and depend on operator competence. So there is a need to improve the detection of this disease. With this retrospective study, we evaluate the accuracy of a specific Schistosoma PCR assay for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis on a large cohort of migrants and travelers returning from endemic areas. Our study showed that PCR, a technique allowing Schistosoma DNA amplification and detection, greatly improved the diagnosis of both parasite species in urine, feces and biopsies. We also demonstrate that the detection of circulating Schistosoma DNA in blood by PCR is useful to confirm schistosomiasis diagnosis, to provide a species identification when the microscopy research is negative and to monitor the treatment efficacy.

Published
2019
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29. Resistance of the oyster pathogen Vibrio tasmaniensis LGP32 against grazing by Vannella sp. marine amoeba involves Vsm and CopA virulence factors

Author

Chantal Cazevieille, Carmen Lopez-Joven, Delphine Destoumieux-Garzón, Sandra Le Bissonnais, Angélique Perret, Yann Héchard, Guillaume M. Charrière, Jean Luc Rolland, Jean-Christophe Auguet, Etienne Robino, Tristan P. Rubio, Hajar Amraoui, Aurore C. Poirier, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier (INM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modat, Anne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier - Déficits sensoriels et moteurs (INM), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
Oyster, food.ingredient, Virulence Factors, Zoology, Virulence, Microbiology, Amoeba (genus), 03 medical and health sciences, food, Bacterial Proteins, Vibrionaceae, biology.animal, parasitic diseases, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Animals, 14. Life underwater, Amoeba, Pathogen, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Vibrio, 0303 health sciences, biology, 030306 microbiology, Vannella, Intracellular parasite, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], fungi, food and beverages, biology.organism_classification, Phenotype, Ostreidae, Amoebozoa, Predatory Behavior
Abstract

International audience; Vibrios are ubiquitous in marine environments and opportunistically colonize a broad range of hosts. Strains of Vibrio tasmaniensis present in oyster farms can thrive in oysters during juvenile mortality events and behave as facultative intracellular pathogen of oyster haemocytes. Herein, we wondered whether V. tasmaniensis LGP32 resistance to phagocytosis is specific to oyster immune cells or contributes to resistance to other phagocytes, like marine amoebae. To address this question, we developed an integrative study, from the first description of amoeba diversity in oyster farms to the characterization of LGP32 interactions with amoebae. An isolate of the Vannella genus, Vannella sp. AP1411, which was collected from oyster farms, is ubiquitous, and belongs to one clade of Vannella that could be found associated with Vibrionaceae. LGP32 was shown to be resistant to grazing by Vannella sp. AP1411 and this phenotype depends on some previously identified virulence factors: secreted metalloprotease Vsm and copper efflux p-ATPase CopA, which act at different steps during amoeba-vibrio interactions, whereas some other virulence factors were not involved. Altogether, our work indicates that some virulence factors can be involved in multi-host interactions of V. tasmaniensis ranging from protozoans to metazoans, potentially favouring their opportunistic behaviour.

Published
2019
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30. Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Author

Brown, Peter, Zhou, Yaoqi, Angus, Kathryn, Modat, Anne, Institute of Neurology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indiana University System, RELISH Consortium, Molecular Biosensing for Med. Diagnostics, Cell-Matrix Interact. Cardiov. Tissue Reg., Soft Tissue Biomech. & Tissue Eng., HASH(0x55d32284ea30), HASH(0x55d3229a6300), HASH(0x55d3228dcb08), HASH(0x55d3228d8710), HASH(0x55d3228d88f0), HASH(0x55d321cfeab0), HASH(0x55d3228d7f18), HASH(0x55d3228e1070), and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
G400, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], 610 Medicine & health, Data Format, Language Technology (Computational Linguistics), Document recommendation systems, Library and Information Studies, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], 570 Life sciences, biology, Medicinsk rätt, Generic health relevance, Medical Genetics, Medicinsk genetik, RELISH Consortium, Cancer
Abstract

© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press. Page 1 of 66 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research. Griffith University Gowonda HPC Cluster; Queensland Cyber Infrastructure Foundation Faculty yes

Published
2019
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31. Essential Oils from Two Apiaceae Species as Potential Agents in Organic Crops Protection

Author

Nadjiya Merad, David Duval, Cédric Bertrand, Slimane Chaib, Ronaldo de Carvalho Augusto, Yacine Boumghar, Vanessa Andreu, Nassim Djabou, André Pichette, Laboratoire COSNA, Université de Tlemcen, AkiNaO, Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Laboratoire de biologie et modélisation de la cellule (LBMC UMR 5239), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CÉPROCQ, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), Modat, Anne, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL)

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Falcarinol, [SDV.SA.STA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of agriculture, Brine shrimp, RM1-950, Eryngium triquetrum, Smyrnium olusatrum, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Article, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, law, [SDV.SA.STA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of agriculture, chemical composition, Pharmacology (medical), Food science, General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics, falcarinol, essential oils, Pectobacterium atrosepticum, Essential oil, Pseudomonas cichorii, Apiaceae, biology, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, biology.organism_classification, 0104 chemical sciences, 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry, Infectious Diseases, [CHIM.OTHE] Chemical Sciences/Other, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, Artemia salina, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other, crop protection
Abstract

Chemical composition and herbicidal, antifungal, antibacterial and molluscicidal activities of essential oils from Choukzerk, Eryngium triquetrum, and Alexander, Smyrnium olusatrum, from western Algeria were characterized. Capillary GC-FID and GC/MS were used to investigate chemical composition of both essential oils, and the antifungal, antibacterial, molluscicidal and herbicidal activities were determined by % inhibition. Collective essential oil of E. triquetrum was dominated by falcarinol (74.8%) and octane (5.6%). The collective essential oil of S. olusatrum was dominated by furanoeremophilone (31.5%), furanodiene+curzurene (19.3%) and (E)-β-caryophyllene (11%). The E. triquetrum oil was tested and a pure falcarinol (99%) showed virtuous herbicidal and antibacterial activities against potato blackleg disease, Pectobacterium atrosepticum, and Gram-negative soil bacterium, Pseudomonas cichorii (85 and 100% inhibition, respectively), and high ecotoxic activity against brine shrimp, Artemia salina, and the freshwater snail, Biomphalaria glabrata, with an IC50 of 0.35 µg/mL and 0.61 µg/mL, respectively. Essential oil of S. olusatrum showed interesting antibacterial and ecotoxic activity and good herbicidal activity against watercress seeds, Lepidium sativum (74% inhibition of photosynthesis, 80% mortality on growth test on model watercress), while the furanoeremophilone isolated from the oil (99% pure) showed moderate herbicidal activity. Both oils showed excellent antifungal activity against Fusarium. Both oils and especially falcarinol demonstrated good potential as new biocontrol agents in organic crop protection.

Published
2021
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32. Alterins Produced by Oyster-Associated Pseudoalteromonas Are Antibacterial Cyclolipopeptides with LPS-Binding Activity

Author

Yannick Fleury, Abderrafek El Harras, Martine Pugnière, Florie Desriac, Benjamin Brillet, Patrick Le Chevalier, Matthieu Simon, Arnaud Bondon, Patrice Got, Delphine Destoumieux-Garzón, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marine (LBCM), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines (LBCM), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM - U1194 Inserm - UM), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Modat, Anne

Subjects
Oyster, Pharmaceutical Science, Human pathogen, Context (language use), Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Pseudoalteromonas, Immune system, antibiotic, biology.animal, Drug Discovery, Hemolymph, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], lcsh:QH301-705.5, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous), 030304 developmental biology, cyclolipopeptides, 0303 health sciences, biology, 030306 microbiology, Chemistry, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], biology.organism_classification, lcsh:Biology (General), bacteria, Antibacterial activity, alterin, Bacteria
Abstract

Discovery after discovery, host-associated microbiota reveal a growing list of positive effects on host homeostasis by contributing to host nutrition, improving hosts' immune systems and protecting hosts against pathogens. In that context, a collection of oyster associated bacteria producing antibacterial compounds have been established to evaluate their role in non-host-derived immunity. Here, we described alterins, potent anti-Gram negative compounds produced by Pseudoalteromonas hCg-6 and hCg-42 isolated from different healthy oyster hemolymph. The strains hCg-6 and hCg-42 produce a set of at least seven antibacterial compounds, ranging from 926 to 982 Da structurally characterized as cyclolipopeptides (CLPs). Alterins share the same cationic heptapeptidic cycle connected via an amido bond to different hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails. Their MICs disclosed a potent antibacterial activity directed against Gram-negative bacteria including oyster and human pathogens that may confer a beneficial defense mechanism to the host but also represents an untapped source of new antibiotics. The alterins&rsquo, mechanisms of action have been deciphered: after binding to lipopolysaccharides (LPS), alterins provoke a membrane depolarization and permeabilization leading to bacterial lysis. As hCg-6 and hCg-42 produced a set of natural derivatives, the structure/activity relationship linked to the carbon tail is clarified. We showed that the hydrocarbon tail determines the LPS-binding properties of alterins and consequently their antibacterial activities. Its length and saturation seem to play a major role in this interaction.

Published
2020
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33. Evolution of gene dosage on the Z-chromosome of schistosome parasites

Author

Thomas Quack, Beatriz Vicoso, Marion Picard, Christoph G. Grevelding, Sabrina Ferré, Yohann Couté, Céline Cosseau, Institute of Science and Technology [Austria] (IST Austria), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Laboratoire de Biologie à Grande Échelle (BGE - UMR S1038), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institute for Parasitology, Etude de la dynamique des protéomes (EDyP ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Institute of Science and Technology [Klosterneuburg, Austria] (IST Austria), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and Modat, Anne

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Proteomics, Gene Dosage, 0302 clinical medicine, Gene expression, genetics, Biology (General), Phylogeny, Genetics, Dosage compensation, Genome, Sex Chromosomes, biology, General Neuroscience, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], General Medicine, 3. Good health, Up-Regulation, dosage compensation, Medicine, Schistosoma, Female, Schistosoma mansoni, Research Article, QH301-705.5, Science, Genomics, Gene dosage, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, parasitic diseases, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], genomics, Animals, sex chromosome evolution, Parasites, RNA, Messenger, Gene, Comparative genomics, General Immunology and Microbiology, evolutionary biology, Genetics and Genomics, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, schistosome, Other, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

XY systems usually show chromosome-wide compensation of X-linked genes, while in many ZW systems, compensation is restricted to a minority of dosage-sensitive genes. Why such differences arose is still unclear. Here, we combine comparative genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics to obtain a complete overview of the evolution of gene dosage on the Z-chromosome of Schistosoma parasites. We compare the Z-chromosome gene content of African (Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium) and Asian (S. japonicum) schistosomes and describe lineage-specific evolutionary strata. We use these to assess gene expression evolution following sex-linkage. The resulting patterns suggest a reduction in expression of Z-linked genes in females, combined with upregulation of the Z in both sexes, in line with the first step of Ohno's classic model of dosage compensation evolution. Quantitative proteomics suggest that post-transcriptional mechanisms do not play a major role in balancing the expression of Z-linked genes., eLife digest The DNA inside cells is organized in structures called chromosomes, some of which can control whether individuals develop as males or females. For instance, female mammals have two X chromosomes, whereas male mammals have one X and one Y chromosome. A mechanism called ‘dosage compensation’ makes sure that females do not produce double the number of transcripts from genes on the X-chromosome as males. In other organisms, including the parasitic flatworms called Schistosomes, females have ZW sex chromosomes, whereas males have two Z chromosomes. In these parasites, males do create more transcripts from genes on the Z chromosome than females do, suggesting they do not have the same kind of compensation mechanisms as mammals. Among Schistosome parasites, the Z chromosome has only been studied in detail in the model organism Schistosoma mansoni. Investigating other closely related species can shed light on how the Z and W chromosomes evolved. Picard et al. studied the Z chromosome in two additional species of Schistosome parasites: the African S. haematobium and the Asian S. japonicum. Using a technique called DNA sequencing, Picard et al. were able to analyse their genes, focusing on a part of the Z chromosome known to have been lost from the W chromosome. The results revealed that this region was different in the African and Asian species. In addition, females of both species expressed genes on their single Z chromosome at fairly high levels. The males did not need to express these genes at a high level because they have two copies – but they did so anyway. This could be because this high expression is a by-product of the way the females have evolved to boost their Z chromosome gene expression. A next step will be to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying this regulation. Schistosomiasis – a disease caused by this type of flatworm parasite – is one of the deadliest neglected tropical diseases, according to the US Centers of Disease Control. It kills more than 200,000 people a year. Better understanding of the reproductive biology of this parasite could eventually help to develop ways to control it by interfering with its reproduction.

Published
2018
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34. Personal history of infections and immunotherapy: Unexpected links and possible therapeutic opportunities

Author

Nathalie Bonnefoy, Guillaume M. Charrière, Benjamin Roche, Frédéric Thomas, Camille Jacqueline, Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer (MIVEGEC-CREEC), Processus Écologiques et Évolutifs au sein des Communautés (PEEC), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre de génétique moléculaire (CGM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM - U1194 Inserm - UM), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de Yaoundé I-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Modat, Anne, Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Immunology, Context (language use), Review, Infections, lcsh:RC254-282, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, medicine, Personal history, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Cancer vaccine, Immunology and Allergy, infections, Intensive care medicine, adoptive cell transfer, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, business.industry, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Immunotherapy, personalized medicine, immune checkpoints, lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, Personalized medicine, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Immune checkpoints, Adoptive cell transfer, immunotherapy, business, cancer vaccine, lcsh:RC581-607
Abstract

The recent breakthroughs in the understanding of tumor immune biology have given rise to a new generation of immunotherapies, harnessing the immune system to eliminate tumors. As the typology and frequency of encountered infections are susceptible to shape the immune system, it could also impact the efficiency of immunotherapy. In this review, we report evidences for an indirect link between personal history of infection and different strategies of immunotherapy. In the current context of interest rise for personalized medicine, we discuss the potential medical applications of considering personal history of infection to design immunotherapeutic strategies.

Published
2018
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35. Persistence of schistosomal transmission linked to the Cavu river in southern Corsica since 2013

Author

Jérôme Boissier, Florian Busato, L. Ramalli, P. Malfait, Stephen Mulero, Antoine Berry, Guillaume Normand, Harold Noel, Vincent Gendrin, Jean-François Allienne, Josselin Vincent, Hélène Barré-Cardi, Judith Fillaux, Jean-Dominique Chiappini, Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Office de l'environnement de la Corse, Polyclinique de l'Ormeau, Centre Hospitalier de Bigorre (Tarbes), Hôpital Nord Franche-Comté [Hôpital de Trévenans] (HNFC), Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB) - Hôpital Purpan, Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modat, Anne, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre Hospitalier de Bigorre [Tarbes], Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie [CHU Toulouse], Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Bulinus, Epidemiology, Snails, 030231 tropical medicine, 030106 microbiology, Corsica, Zoology, Fresh Water, parasitic diseases, Schistosomiasis, law.invention, Persistence (computer science), Schistosomiasis haematobia, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Virology, medicine, Animals, Humans, Parasite hosting, Urogenital Schistosomiasis, Helminths, Disease Notification, biology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Outbreak, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Transmission (mechanics), [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, outbreaks, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, France, Rapid Communication, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Seven cases of urogenital schistosomiasis occurred in Corsica in 2015 and 2016. The episodes were related to exposure to the same river and involved the same parasite strain as an outbreak with 106 cases in summer 2013. The connection calls for further investigations on the presence of an animal reservoir and the survival of infested snails during winter. However, recontamination of the river from previously infected bathers remains the most likely hypothesis. Since 2015, seven cases of urogenital schistosomiasis reported exposure to the Cavu river in southern Corsica. They had no history of contact to fresh water in endemic areas. Here, we describe the cases indicating persistent schistosomal transmission linked to this river since 2013. To date, no contamination has been related to an exposure in 2017, but cases might arise in the coming months considering the long parasitic cycle in humans. Therefore, physicians in France and elsewhere should test possible clinical cases, regardless of the year of exposure to the Cavu river.

Published
2018
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36. Microbial predator-prey interactions could favor coincidental selection of diverse virulence factors in marine coastal waters

Author

Jean Luc Rolland, Tristan P. Rubio, Carmen Lopez-Joven, Jean-Christophe Auguet, Chantal Cazevieille, Etienne Robino, Delphine Destoumieux-Garzón, Aurore C. Poirier, Guillaume M. Charrière, Yann Héchard, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier - Déficits sensoriels et moteurs (INM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Microbiologie de l'Eau (MDE), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier (INM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Modat, Anne

Subjects
Oyster, food.ingredient, Virulence, Zoology, Biology, Predation, Amoeba (genus), 03 medical and health sciences, food, biology.animal, parasitic diseases, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], 14. Life underwater, Pathogen, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, Vannella, Intracellular parasite, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], fungi, food and beverages, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, Phenotype, bacteria
Abstract

Vibrios are ubiquitous in marine environments and opportunistically colonize a broad range of hosts. Strains of Vibrio tasmaniensis present in oyster farms can thrive in oysters during juvenile mortality events. Among them, V. tasmaniensis LGP32 behaves as a facultative intracellular pathogen of oyster hemocytes, a property rather unusual in vibrios. Herein, we asked whether LGP32 resistance to phagocytosis could result from coincidental selection of virulence factors during interactions with heterotrophic protists, such as amoeba, in the environment. To answer that question, we developed an integrative study, from the first description of amoeba diversity in oyster-farming areas to the characterization of LGP32 interactions with amoebae of the Vannella genus that were found abundant in the oyster environment. LGP32 was shown to be resistant to grazing by amoebae and this phenotype was dependent on previously identified virulence factors: the secreted metalloprotease Vsm and the copper efflux p-ATPase CopA. Using dedicated in vitro assays, our results showed that these virulence factors act at different steps during amoeba-vibrio interactions than they do in oysters-vibrio interactions. Hence, the virulence factors of LGP32 are key determinants of biotic interactions with multiple hosts ranging from protozoans to metazoans, suggesting that the selective pressure exerted by amoebae in marine coastal environments favor coincidental selection of virulence factors.

Published
2018

37. Emerging Schistosomiasis in Europe: A need to quantify the risks

Author

Kincaid-Smith, Julien, Olivier, Rey, Toulza, Eve, Berry, Antoine, Boissier, Jérôme, Rey, Olivier, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Modat, Anne

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, 030231 tropical medicine, education, Schistosomiasis, Communicable Diseases, Emerging, Schistosomiasis haematobia, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Environmental protection, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, schistosomiasis, medicine, Animals, Humans, Urogenital Schistosomiasis, emergence, Environmental planning, risk, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Europe, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Parasitology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Business
Abstract

International audience; The recent recurrent outbreaks of urogenital schistosomiasis in the south of Europe were unanticipated and caught scientists and health authorities unprepared. It is now time to learn lessons from these outbreaks and to implement concrete procedures in order to better quantify the risks and prevent future outbreaks of schistosomiasis in Europe. In this context, we propose a reflection on the factors that currently hamper our ability to quantify these risks and argue that we are incapable of predicting future outbreaks. We base our reflexion on an ecological two-step filter concept that drives host–parasite interactions, namely the encounter and the compatibility filters.

Published
2017
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38. A hemocyanin-derived antimicrobial peptide from the penaeid shrimp adopts an alpha-helical structure that specifically permeabilizes fungal membranes

Author

Jean Peduzzi, Alain Blond, Chantal Cazevieille, Sylvie Rebuffat, Chakib Djediat, Vanessa W. Petit, Christophe Goulard, Evelyne Bachère, Joëlle Dupont, Jean-Luc Rolland, Delphine Destoumieux-Garzón, Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-Organismes (MCAM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Plateau de microscopie électronique (COMET), Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modat, Anne, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, [SDE] Environmental Sciences, Lysis, Membrane bilayer, Hypha, medicine.medical_treatment, Antimicrobial peptides, Amphipathic helix, Biophysics, Hyphae, Peptide, Biology, Biochemistry, Permeability, Protein Structure, Secondary, Cell membrane, Cell wall, 03 medical and health sciences, Fusarium, Penaeidae, medicine, Animals, Molecular Biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, Fluorescence microscopy, 030102 biochemistry & molecular biology, fungi, Cell Membrane, Fungi, Hemocyanin, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Spores, Fungal, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Cytoplasm, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Hemocyanins, Antimicrobial peptide, Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides
Abstract

Background Hemocyanins are respiratory proteins with multiple functions. In diverse crustaceans hemocyanins can release histidine-rich antimicrobial peptides in response to microbial challenge. In penaeid shrimp, strictly antifungal peptides are released from the C-terminus of hemocyanins. Methods The three-dimensional structure of the antifungal peptide PvHCt from Litopenaeus vannamei was determined by NMR. Its mechanism of action against the shrimp pathogen Fusarium oxysporum was investigated using immunochemistry, fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. Results PvHCt folded into an amphipathic α-helix in membrane-mimicking media and displayed a random conformation in aqueous environment. In contact with F. oxysporum , PvHCt bound massively to the surface of fungal hyphae without being imported into the cytoplasm. At minimal inhibitory concentrations, PvHCt made the fungal membrane permeable to SYTOX-green and fluorescent dextran beads of 4 kDa. Higher size beads could not enter the cytoplasm. Therefore, PvHCt likely creates local damages to the fungal membrane. While the fungal cell wall appeared preserved, gradual degeneration of the cytoplasm most often resulting in cell lysis was observed in fungal spores and hyphae. In the remaining fungal cells, PvHCt induced a protective response by the formation of daughter hyphae. Conclusion The massive accumulation of PvHCt at the surface of fungal hyphae and subsequent insertion into the plasma membrane disrupt its integrity as a permeability barrier, leading to disruption of internal homeostasis and fungal death. General significance The histidine-rich antimicrobial peptide PvHCt derived from shrimp hemocyanin is a strictly antifungal peptide, which adopts an amphipathic α-helical structure, and selectively binds to and permeabilizes fungal cells.

Published
2015
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39. Who is the puppet master? Replication of a parasitic wasp-associated virus correlates with host behaviour manipulation

Author

David Duval, Marc Ravallec, Sabine Nidelet, Anne-Nathalie Volkoff, Guillaume Mitta, Vincent Demolombe, Benjamin Gourbal, Josée Doyon, Nolwenn M. Dheilly, Richard Galinier, Frédéric Thomas, Lucas Léger, Jacques Brodeur, Fanny Maure, Dorothée Missé, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Ecologie et évolution des interactions [2011-2014] (2EI), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département des Sciences Biologiques [Montréal], Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Diversité, Génomes & Interactions Microorganismes - Insectes [Montpellier] (DGIMI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle - Montpellier GenomiX (IGF MGX), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fonds de recherche du Québec - Nature et technologies (FRQNT), ANR, Ecologie et évolution des interactions (2EI), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-BioCampus (BCM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modat, Anne, and Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI)

Subjects
Molecular Sequence Data, Wasps, virus, Oviducts, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Virus, Parasitoid, Parasitoid wasp, Host-Parasite Interactions, Immune system, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Animals, RNA Viruses, Research Articles, General Environmental Science, holobiont, Genetics, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, Transmission (medicine), Host (biology), host–parasite interaction, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], fungi, RNA virus, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Virology, host-parasite interaction, 3. Good health, behaviour, symbiont, Coleoptera, Dinocampus coccinellae, microbiology parasitoid wasp, Larva, Female, ecology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, parasitoid wasp, behavioural manipulation
Abstract

Many parasites modify their host behaviour to improve their own transmission and survival, but the proximate mechanisms remain poorly understood. An original model consists of the parasitoidDinocampus coccinellaeand its coccinellid host,Coleomegilla maculata; during the behaviour manipulation, the parasitoid is not in contact with its host anymore. We report herein the discovery and characterization of a new RNA virus of the parasitoid (D. coccinellaeparalysis virus, DcPV). Using a combination of RT-qPCR and transmission electron microscopy, we demonstrate that DcPV is stored in the oviduct of parasitoid females, replicates in parasitoid larvae and is transmitted to the host during larval development. Next, DcPV replication in the host's nervous tissue induces a severe neuropathy and antiviral immune response that correlate with the paralytic symptoms characterizing the behaviour manipulation. Remarkably, virus clearance correlates with recovery of normal coccinellid behaviour. These results provide evidence that changes in ladybeetle behaviour most likely result from DcPV replication in the cerebral ganglia rather than by manipulation by the parasitoid. This offers stimulating prospects for research on parasitic manipulation by suggesting for the first time that behaviour manipulation could be symbiont-mediated.

Published
2015
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40. A family of variable immunoglobulin and lectin domain containing molecules in the snail Biomphalaria glabrata

Author

Benjamin Gourbal, Guillaume Mitta, Louis Du Pasquier, Clémence Genthon, Richard Galinier, David Duval, Nolwenn M. Dheilly, Emeric Dubois, Jean-François Allienne, Coen M. Adema, Rémi Emans, Christoph Grunau, Gabriel Mouahid, Modat, Anne, Ecologie et évolution des interactions [2011-2014] (2EI), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences [Stony Brook] (SoMAS), Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle - Montpellier GenomiX (IGF MGX), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-BioCampus (BCM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Basel (Unibas), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)

Subjects
Subfamily, Molecular Sequence Data, Immunology, Immunoglobulins, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, Transcriptome, C-type lectin, Lectins, parasitic diseases, Animals, Biomphalaria glabrata, Genomic library, Amino Acid Sequence, Peptide sequence, FREPs, FREP, Gene Library, Genetics, Base Sequence, Biomphalaria, biology, Sequence Analysis, DNA, biology.organism_classification, RNAseq, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Immunoglobulin superfamily, Galectin, VIgL, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Developmental Biology
Abstract

International audience; Technical limitations have hindered comprehensive studies of highly variable immune response molecules that are thought to have evolved due to pathogen-mediated selection such as fibrinogen-related proteins (FREPs) from Biomphalaria glabrata. FREPs combine upstream immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) domains with a C-terminal fibrinogen-related domain (FreD) and participate in reactions against trematode parasites. From RNAseq data we assembled a de novo reference transcriptome of B. glabrata to investigate the diversity of FREP transcripts. This study increased over two fold the number of bonafide FREP subfamilies and revealed important sequence diversity within FREP12 subfamily. We also report the discovery of related molecules that feature one or two IgSF domains associated with different C-terminal lectin domains, named C-type lectin-related proteins (CREPs) and Galectin-related protein (GREP). Together, the highly similar FREPs, CREPs and GREP were designated VIgL (Variable Immunoglobulin and Lectin domain containing molecules).

Published
2015
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41. MACROPARASITE COMMUNITY AND ASYMMETRY OF THE YELLOW EEL ANGUILLA ANGUILLA IN SALSES-LEUCATE LAGOON, SOUTHERN FRANCE

Author

Hélène Moné, Géraldine Fazio, Pierre Sasal, J. Bartrina, Raymonde Lecomte-Finiger, Modat, Anne, Parasitologie fonctionnelle et évolutive [2003-2006] (PFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Laboratoire de biologie marine et malacologie, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, endocrine system, animal structures, Population, Parasitism, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Fluctuating asymmetry, Digenea, lcsh:Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling, 030308 mycology & parasitology, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Parasites, 14. Life underwater, distance matrices, education, lcsh:SH1-691, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, biology, Ecology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], fluctuating asymmetry, biology.organism_classification, eels, Mantel test, Macroparasite, Animal Science and Zoology, Salses-Leucate lagoon, Acanthocephala, Monogenea
Abstract

European eel parasites, in particular invasive species, are suspected to have a strong influence on the population dynamics of their host. The aim of this work was to study the relationship between parasitic fauna of yellow eels caught at Salses-Leucate lagoon and the fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of some functional bilateral traits: pectoral fins, eyes and otoliths. Epidemiological distance matrices and FA distance matrices were calculated on the basis of the Euclidian distances between each pair of eel and were then compared with a Mantel test in order to establish if there was a relationship between parasitism and FA. Our results revealed different morphological characteristics between eels caught at different dates; only otoliths were found asymmetric. The parasite richness was of 10 species, 1 Nematoda, 1 Acanthocephala, 1 Monogenea and 7 Digenea. We failed to find a significant relationship between asymmetry and parasitism, except for parasites found in the stomach. We discussed the results in the light of the eel life cycle, the specificity of parasite - eel systems and the impact of parasites on the host physiology.

Published
2005

42. Schistosomiasis Haematobium, Corsica, France

Author

Guillaume Mitta, Xavier Iriart, Jean-François Magnaval, Cécile Debuisson, Sophie Cassaing, Olivier Aboo, Jérôme Boissier, André Théron, Hélène Moné, Judith Fillaux, Alexis Valentin, Antoine Berry, Gabriel Mouahid, Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie et évolution des interactions [2011-2014] (2EI), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB) - Hôpital Purpan, Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], Pharmacochimie et Biologie pour le Développement (PHARMA-DEV), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire d'Anthropobiologie (LA), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie [CHU Toulouse], Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Modat, Anne

Subjects
Letter, Epidemiology, Range (biology), Bulinus truncatus, Expedited, Schistosomiasis haematobia / transmission, MESH: Schistosomiasis haematobia / parasitology, Corsica, lcsh:Medicine, Snail, MESH: Schistosoma haematobium / genetics, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Schistosoma haematobium / classification, MESH: Animals, schistosomiasis haematobium, Schistosoma haematobium, Geography Medica, 0303 health sciences, MESH: France / epidemiology, MESH: Schistosomiasis haematobia / transmission, biology, Ecology, Intermediate host, MESH: Child Preschool, 6. Clean water, 3. Good health, Europe, Infectious Diseases, Female, France, MESH: Schistosomiasis haematobia / epidemiology, l Humans, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, snails, 030231 tropical medicine, Zoology, Schistosomiasis, Schistosoma haematobium / classification, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, France / epidemiology, biology.animal, parasitic diseases, Schistosoma haematobium / genetics, medicine, Animals, Bulinus, lcsh:RC109-216, Schistosomiasis haematobia / diagnosis, Letters to the Editor, Schistosomiasis haematobia / parasitology, 030304 developmental biology, reemergence, MESH: Humans, Child Preschool, lcsh:R, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, schistosomiasis autochthonous transmission, MESH: Schistosomiasis haematobia / diagnosis, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Tropical medicine, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, MESH: Geography Medical, MESH: Female, Schistosomiasis haematobia / epidemiology
Abstract

To the Editor: In Europe, urinary schistosomiasis (1) has previously been detected only in Portugal, where this focus disappeared during the 1950s (2). However, freshwater snails of the species Bulinus contortus, B. truncatus, and Planorbarius metidjensis, which are recognized intermediate hosts for Schistosoma haematobium trematodes, have been found in Portugal (3), Spain (4), and Corsica (5,6). This finding suggested that autochthonous schistosomiasis could re-emerge in southern Europe if these mollusks become infected. We report a probable focus for transmission of schistosomiasis haematobium in Corsica, France. In March 2014, a 4-year-old girl (index case-patient) from France was referred to the Toulouse University Hospital (Toulouse, France), with gross hematuria. Ultrasonography and cystoscopic examination of the bladder detected a polyp. Examination of the polyp for parasites identified bodies that were consistent with schistosome eggs. Parasitologic examination of urine confirmed schistosomiasis by detecting viable S. haematobium eggs. The parents of the girl (family A) did not report any stay or travel in an area to which urinary schistosomiasis was endemic; they reported summer holidays only in Mallorca in the Balearic Islands (Spain) and Corsica. However, her father reported that since 2012, he had experienced gross hematuria that had been evaluated by standard urologic investigations but not by cystoscopy; no etiology was determined. Parasitologic urinalysis in our hospital department showed numerous viable S. haematobium eggs in the father’s urine. The parents of the index case-patient also reported that an 8-year-old boy in a friend’s family (family B), who shared summer vacations with them had exhibited gross hematuria since February 2013. A third family (family C) was also investigated because they also spent holidays in Corsica with families A and B. Families B and C had also spent a summer in Mallorca, but they denied any contact with freshwater. Of 11 French native-born members of the 3 families, 6 had positive results for S. haematobium by urine examination. All case-patients had specific positive immunodiagnostic results by an ELISA that used S. mansoni extracts and by indirect hemagglutination. In addition, 2 family members who had a negative result by urine examination had a positive serologic result. Spending summer vacations in the same village in Corsica (Sainte-Lucie de Porto-Vecchio), where members of the 3 families had bathed at least once per holiday period in the Cavu River, was the epidemiologically prominent feature that linked these persons. Families A and C were in Sainte-Lucie de Porto-Vecchio in August 2011, and families A, B, and C were in the same location in August 2013. During these investigations, we were contacted by the Department of Tropical Medicine, Dusseldorf University Hospital (Dusseldorf, Germany), because a 10-year-old boy and his father had been given diagnoses of schistosomiasis haematobium on the basis of positive urinalysis results for S. haematobium eggs. Two other members of this family (5 persons) had a positive immunodiagnostic result. Locations of previous vacations for this family outside Germany included Spain (not the Balearic Islands) and Corsica, where they bathed frequently in the Cavu River. These epidemiologic findings provide strong circumstantial evidence supporting the presence of a previously unrecognized focus of urinary schistosomiasis in Corsica. We performed molecular analysis of schistosomal miracidia DNA. The second internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal gene complex (7,8) was amplified and sequenced. Viable eggs obtained from the patients in France were those of S. haematobium. Additional molecular investigations are being conducted to assess genetic diversity of this isolate from Corsica and the geographic origin of the introduced parasite. The malacologic situation in Sainte Lucie de Porto-Vecchio was investigated during May 12–19, 2014; three rivers (Figure) were included in the survey. Four sites were sampled in the Cavu River, and B. truncatus snails were found in 3 sites that corresponded to bathing areas (site 1: 41°43′53.57″N, 9°17′36.70″E; site 2: 41°43′22.13″N, 9°17′59.87″E; site 3: 41°42′8.40″N, 9°21′5.82″E). Snails were also found in the nearby Tarcu River (site 5) and Osu River (site 6). These findings confirmed previous data for the presence of B. truncatus snails in Corsica (5,6). Water temperature was recorded at 11:00 am at these 3 sites (range 15°C–16°C). This temperature range is not optimal for the snail intermediate host stage of the parasite life cycle (9,10). Of 148 live snails that were obtained in the Cavu River, none were infected with schistosome cercariae. Figure Corsica, France, showing malacologic survey sampling sites (oval) in 3 rivers (Tarcu, Cavu, and Osu). Bulinus truncatus snails were found at sites 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6. Data from the field survey and epidemiologic information for the cases in France and Germany, indicated transmission of schistosomiasis haematobium in the Cavu River in southeastern Corsica in 2011 and 2013. Additional supportive evidence is the fact that the father of the index case-patient had gross hematuria in 2012 and 2013. Two hypotheses are proposed to account for this situation. The first hypothesis is that the parasite (i.e., schistosome eggs) was transmitted by an infected person into the Cavu River in June or July 2011, when environmental conditions were favorable for snail infection. However, questions arise about survival of infected snails during the winter and their ability to reinfect the area during the following summers in 2012 and 2013. The second hypothesis is that schistosome eggs were spread by infected persons at the beginning of summer and caused a permanent transmission cycle in this focus. This situation would be difficult to control. Additional information should be obtained by a long-term malacologic survey to detect infected mollusks in this region.

Published
2014
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43. Evolution adaptative : et si Lamarck avait raison ?

Author

Roquis, David, Cosseau, Céline, Grunau, Christoph, Modat, Anne, Ecologie et évolution des interactions [2011-2014] (2EI), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Perpignan Via Domitia

Subjects
Evolution, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Hérédité, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Adaptation, Epigénétique, Génétique
Abstract

Tout le monde a entendu parler de la théorie de l'évolution, mais en quoi consiste-t-elle vraiment ? De nos jours, elle est décrite comme un phénomène lent, durant lequel les individus disposant des meilleures caractéristiques (apparues aléatoirement par des mutations) sont favorisés, survivent, se reproduisent et transmettent ces caractéristiques à leur descendance. Indissociable de Charles Darwin et de son concept de sélection naturelle, cette théorie tire ses sources dans "L'origine des espèces" publié en 1859. Cependant, 50 ans avant lui, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck présentait la première théorie véritablement scientifique de l'évolution : le transformisme. Il défend l'hypothèse que les individus adaptent leurs caractéristiques à leur environnement, et ces adaptatations sont transmises à la descendance. C'est l'image de l'animal, qui petit à petit, de générations en générations, étire son cou pour manger les feuilles de l'arbre et devient au final une girafe. Cette vision de l'évolution est globalement réfutée et le nom de Lamarck est souvent synonyme de moqueries. Pourtant, ce ridicule est il vraiment mérité ? De nombreuses études récentes décrivent des phénomènes s'apparentant au transformisme. Erreurs expérimentales ou nouvelles percées scientifiques ? Au travers d'une approche de l'histoire des sciences et de travaux expérimentaux novateurs, nous verrons comment la théorie de l'évolution, à l'image des réalités biologiques qu'elle tente de décrire, évolue, elle aussi

Published
2014

44. Outer membrane vesicles are vehicles for the delivery of Vibrio tasmaniensis virulence factors to oyster immune cells

Author

Vanhove, Audrey Sophie, Duperthuy, Marylise, Charrière, Guillaume M, Le Roux, Frédérique, Goudenège, David, Gourbal, Benjamin, Kieffer-Jaquinod, Sylvie, Couté, Yohann, Wai, Sun Nyunt, Destoumieux-Garzón, Delphine, Ecologie des systèmes marins côtiers (Ecosym), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Umeå University, Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins (LBI2M), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins, Ecologie et évolution des interactions [2011-2014] (2EI), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biologie à Grande Échelle (BGE - UMR S1038), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Modat, Anne, Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins (PFOM)

Subjects
Antigens, Bacterial, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Virulence Factors, Molecular Sequence Data, Serine Endopeptidases, [SDV.BA.MVSA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Metalloendopeptidases, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Ostreidae, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Hemolysin Proteins, Gelatinases, Phagosomes, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Vacuoles, Animals, Amino Acid Sequence, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Serine Proteases, Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins, Polymyxin B, Vibrio
Abstract

International audience; : Vibrio tasmaniensis LGP32, a facultative intracellular pathogen of oyster haemocytes, was shown here to release outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) both in the extracellular milieu and inside haemocytes. Intracellular release of OMVs occurred inside phagosomes of intact haemocytes having phagocytosed few vibrios as well as in damaged haemocytes containing large vacuoles heavily loaded with LGP32. The OMV proteome of LGP32 was shown to be rich in hydrolases (25%) including potential virulence factors such as proteases, lipases, phospholipases, haemolysins and nucleases. One major caseinase/gelatinase named Vsp for vesicular serine protease was found to be specifically secreted through OMVs in which it is enclosed. Vsp was shown to participate in the virulence phenotype of LGP32 in oyster experimental infections. Finally, OMVs were highly protective against antimicrobial peptides, increasing the minimal inhibitory concentration of polymyxin B by 16-fold. Protection was conferred by OMV titration of polymyxin B but did not depend on the activity of Vsp or another OMV-associated protease. Altogether, our results show that OMVs contribute to the pathogenesis of LGP32, being able to deliver virulence factors to host immune cells and conferring protection against antimicrobial peptides.

Published
2013
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45. Schistosoma mansoni mucin genes expression (SmPoMuc): an epigenetic control to shape the adaptation to new host

Author

Perrin, Cecile, Lepesant, Julie Mireille, Roger, Emmanuel, Duval, David, Fneich, Sara, Thuillier, Virginie, Allienne, Jean-François, Mitta, Guillaume, Grunau, Christoph, Cosseau, Céline, Ecologie et évolution des interactions [2011-2014] (2EI), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), and Modat, Anne

Subjects
[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; The digenetic trematode Schistosoma mansoni is a human parasite that uses the mollusc Biomphalaria glabrata as intermediate host. Specific S. mansoni strains can infect efficiently only certain B. glabrata strains (compatible strain) while others are incompatible. Strain-specific differences in transcription of a conserved family of polymorphic mucins (SmPoMucs) in S. mansoni are the principle determinants for this compatibility. In the present study, we investigated the bases of the control of SmPoMuc expression that evolved to evade B. glabrata diversified antigen recognition molecules. We compared the DNA sequences and chromatin structure of SmPoMuc promoters of two S. mansoni strains that are either compatible (C) or incompatible (IC) with a reference snail host. We reveal that although sequence differences are observed between active promoter regions of SmPoMuc genes, the sequences of the promoters are not diverse and are conserved between IC and C strains, suggesting that genetics alone cannot explain the evolution of compatibility polymorphism. In contrast, promoters carry epigenetic marks that are significantly different between the C and IC strains. Moreover, we show that modifications of the structure of the chromatin of the parasite modify transcription of SmPoMuc in the IC strain compared to the C strain and correlate with the presence of additional combinations of SmPoMuc transcripts only observed in the IC phenotype. Our results indicate that transcription polymorphism of a gene family that is responsible for an important adaptive trait of the parasite is epigenetically encoded. These strain-specific epigenetic marks are heritable, but can change while the underlying genetic information remains stable. This suggests that epigenetic changes may be important for the early steps in the adaptation of pathogens to new hosts, and might be an initial step in adaptive evolution in general

Published
2013
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46. Applying ecological and evolutionary theory to cancer : a long and winding road

Author

Frédérique Billy, Annabelle Ballesta, Philippe Fort, Benoît Perthame, Serge Koscielny, Helene Trauchessec, Daniel Fisher, Céline Cosseau, Guillaume Mitta, Ruoping Tang, Patrice Lassus, W. Vainchenker, Christoph Grunau, Damien Grégoire, Corinne Quittau-Prévostel, Vjekoslav Dulic, Vitali Volpert, Eric Assenat, Michael E. Hochberg, Alexander Lorz, Philippe Blache, Thomas Lepoutre, François Delhommeau, Jean-Pierre Marie, Urszula Hibner, Peggy Raynaud, Frédéric Thomas, Jean Clairambault, Dorothée Missé, Fanny Fava, Eric Solary, Benjamin Roche, François Rousset, Emmanuel Vignal, Liliana Krasinska, Raphael Itzykson, Stephen Baghdiguian, Simon P. Daoust, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche en Biologie Cellulaire (CRBM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre de Recherche sur l'Education, les apprentissages et la didactique (CREAD), Institut universitaire de formation des maîtres - Bretagne (IUFM Bretagne), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Ecologie et évolution des interactions [2011-2014] (2EI), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service Médico-Chirurgical des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif et de Transplantation Hépatique, Hôpital Saint Eloi (CHRU Montpellier), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nonlinear Analysis for Biology and Geophysical flows (BANG), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Paris-Rocquencourt, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), CIC Saint-Antoine, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Hématopoïèse normale et pathologique, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département de Mathématiques et Applications - ENS Paris (DMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Multi-scale modelling of cell dynamics : application to hematopoiesis (DRACULA), Centre de génétique et de physiologie moléculaire et cellulaire (CGPhiMC), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut Camille Jordan (ICJ), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Camille Jordan (ICJ), Laboratoire Parole et Langage (LPL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) (LNC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon (ENSBANA), National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS), Santa Fe Institute, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle ( MIVEGEC ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ), Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier ( IGMM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ), Centre de recherches de biochimie macromoléculaire ( CRBM ), Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -IFR122-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ), Centre de Recherche sur l'Education, les apprentissages et la didactique ( CREAD ), Institut universitaire de formation des maîtres - Bretagne ( IUFM Bretagne ), Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Université européenne de Bretagne ( UEB ) -Université de Rennes 2 ( UR2 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ), Ecologie et évolution des interactions ( 2EI ), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia ( UPVD ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier ( ISEM ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), CHU Saint-Eloi, Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions ( LJLL ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Nonlinear Analysis for Biology and Geophysical flows ( BANG ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Inria Paris-Rocquencourt, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -CHU Saint-Antoine [APHP], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Institut Gustave Roussy ( IGR ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ), Département de Mathématiques et Applications - ENS Paris ( DMA ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Multi-scale modelling of cell dynamics : application to hematopoiesis ( DRACULA ), Institut Camille Jordan [Villeurbanne] ( ICJ ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -École Centrale de Lyon ( ECL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -École Centrale de Lyon ( ECL ), Université de Lyon-Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Centre de génétique et de physiologie moléculaire et cellulaire ( CGPhiMC ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Lyon, Laboratoire Parole et Langage ( LPL ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) ( LNC ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon ( ENSBANA ), National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis ( NCEAS ), National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut Camille Jordan [Villeurbanne] (ICJ), Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Camille Jordan [Villeurbanne] (ICJ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon (ENSBANA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre de recherches de biochimie macromoléculaire (CRBM), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-IFR122-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie et évolution des interactions (2EI), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Antoine [APHP], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de génétique et de physiologie moléculaire et cellulaire (CGPhiMC), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie dirigée par les modèles pour les Systèmes Embarqués (LISE), Département Ingénierie Logiciels et Systèmes (DILS), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Laboratoire d'Etudes Aérodynamiques (LEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-ENSMA-Université de Poitiers, Hématopoïèse normale et pathologique (U1170 Inserm), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CR Saint-Antoine), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de biostatistique et d'épidémiologie (SBE), Direction de la recherche clinique [Gustave Roussy], Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Multi-Models and Numerical Methods (M3N), Inria Paris-Rocquencourt, Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), and Modat, Anne

Subjects
Process (engineering), cancer, disease biology, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, disease biology, [SDV.BC.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], Biology, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Synthesis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Genetics, Neoplastic progression, medicine, cancer, evolutionary theory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Evolutionary theory, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecology, Cancer, Evolutionary medicine, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Evasion (ethics), medicine.disease, 3. Good health, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.BDD.EO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology/Embryology and Organogenesis, evolutionary medicine, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Darwinism, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract

International audience; Since the mid 1970s, cancer has been described as a process of Darwinian evolution, with somatic cellular selection and evolution being the fundamental processes leading to malignancy and its many manifestations (neoangiogenesis, evasion of the immune system, metastasis, and resistance to therapies). Historically, little attention has been placed on applications of evolutionary biology to understanding and controlling neoplastic progression and to prevent therapeutic failures. This is now beginning to change, and there is a growing international interest in the interface between cancer and evolutionary biology. The objective of this introduction is first to describe the basic ideas and concepts linking evolutionary biology to cancer. We then present four major fronts where the evolutionary perspective is most developed, namely laboratory and clinical models, mathematical models, databases, and techniques and assays. Finally, we discuss several of the most promising challenges and future prospects in this interdisciplinary research direction in the war against cancer.

Published
2013
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47. Metabolic changes in Biomphalaria glabrata infected with Schistosoma mansoni exposed to latex of Euphoria milii solution versus times of preparation

Author

Lima, M.G., Augusto, Ronaldo de Carvalho, de Vasconcellos, M.C., Mello-Silva, Clélia Christina, Pinheiro, J., and Modat, Anne

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, Metabolism, Euphorbia milii, Schistosoma mansoni, Biomphalaria glabrata
Abstract

In order to establish how long after the first application of the latex of Euphorbia milii it remains with activity on the metabolic pathways of molluscs host, this study aimed to screen the effects of latex exposure from 24 hours until 35 days after exposure to the latex solution to check how long the solution exhibits harmful effects on the carbohydrate metabolism and on the nitrogen excretion products of molluscs. Snails exposed to the solution presented a reduction of the glycogen levels in the tissues analyzed and changes in the ways of excreting nitrogen and the concentration of total proteins in the hemolymph, an effect that was strongest in the groups exposed up to 14 days after preparation of the solution. In both cases, the glycogen concentrations and the nitrogen excretions products in the treated groups only returned near the levels in the control groups from the 21 days onwards, but there were still statistically significant differences. These results contribute to the optimization of the use of this product as a molluscicide of natural origin and the development of protocols for control of schistosomiasis.

Published
2012

48. Educação na área médica e representação ambiental no controle da esquistossomose mansônica no Brasil

Author

Augusto, Ronaldo de Carvalho, Rodrigues, Lurdes M.A., Mello-Silva, Clélia Christina, and Modat, Anne

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar a influência da representação ambiental e da formação de biólogos e médicos no controle da esquistossomose mansônica no Brasil. Este questionamento está pautado na teoria sistêmica e nos conceitos de educação ambiental para saúde. O trabalho apresenta uma visão histórico-ecológica do controle da esquistossomose, enfocando a representação do meio ambiente e o entendimento da relação parasito-hospedeiro de forma ampla pelos profissionais envolvidos nas ações de controle. São relatadas pesquisas que abordam uma postura diferenciada do sujeito na construção do conhecimento, permitindo discutir novas metodologias para o controle da esquistossomose, que promoverão a curto, médio e longo prazo, ações preventivas para melhorar a qualidade de vida e a promoção da saúde.

Published
2011

49. A large repertoire of parasite epitopes matched by a large repertoire of host immune receptors in an invertebrate host/parasite model

Author

David Duval, Yves Moné, Guillaume Mitta, Sylvie Kieffer-Jaquinod, Benjamin Gourbal, Louis Du Pasquier, Parasitologie fonctionnelle et évolutive [2003-2006] (PFE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Basel (Unibas), Laboratoire d'étude de la dynamique des protéomes (LEDyP), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), and Modat, Anne

Subjects
lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, lcsh:RC955-962, Population, Molecular Sequence Data, Immunology/Innate Immunity, Epitope, Host-Parasite Interactions, 03 medical and health sciences, Epitopes, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Antigen, Cricetinae, parasitic diseases, Animals, Receptors, Immunologic, education, FREP, Infectious Diseases/Helminth Infections, 030304 developmental biology, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, biology, Biomphalaria, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, lcsh:RA1-1270, Schistosoma mansoni, Sequence Analysis, DNA, biology.organism_classification, Acquired immune system, Immune complex, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Infectious Diseases, Infectious Diseases/Neglected Tropical Diseases, Antigens, Helminth, Immunology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Research Article
Abstract

For many decades, invertebrate immunity was believed to be non-adaptive, poorly specific, relying exclusively on sometimes multiple but germ-line encoded innate receptors and effectors. But recent studies performed in different invertebrate species have shaken this paradigm by providing evidence for various types of somatic adaptations at the level of putative immune receptors leading to an enlarged repertoire of recognition molecules. Fibrinogen Related Proteins (FREPs) from the mollusc Biomphalaria glabrata are an example of these putative immune receptors. They are known to be involved in reactions against trematode parasites. Following not yet well understood somatic mechanisms, the FREP repertoire varies considerably from one snail to another, showing a trend towards an individualization of the putative immune repertoire almost comparable to that described from vertebrate adaptive immune system. Nevertheless, their antigenic targets remain unknown. In this study, we show that a specific set of these highly variable FREPs from B. glabrata forms complexes with similarly highly polymorphic and individually variable mucin molecules from its specific trematode parasite S. mansoni (Schistosoma mansoni Polymorphic Mucins: SmPoMucs). This is the first evidence of the interaction between diversified immune receptors and antigenic variant in an invertebrate host/pathogen model. The same order of magnitude in the diversity of the parasite epitopes and the one of the FREP suggests co-evolutionary dynamics between host and parasite regarding this set of determinants that could explain population features like the compatibility polymorphism observed in B. glabrata/S. mansoni interaction. In addition, we identified a third partner associated with the FREPs/SmPoMucs in the immune complex: a Thioester containing Protein (TEP) belonging to a molecular category that plays a role in phagocytosis or encapsulation following recognition. The presence of this last partner in this immune complex argues in favor of the involvement of the formed complex in parasite recognition and elimination from the host., Author Summary Contrary to the traditional view that immunity in invertebrates is limited to innate mechanisms, recent studies have shown that these several species of protostome invertebrates express putative immune receptors that can be somatically diversified in a way resulting in an analogy with Immunoglobulins or T Cell Receptors of vertebrate species. Other studies have shown the existence of putative antigenic variant counterparts in their specific parasite, as would be expected in an “arms race” between both protagonists. However, the interaction between these immune receptors and antigens was never demonstrated in an interaction involving an invertebrate and its specific pathogen. We demonstrate such an interaction in the present study. We show that a specific set of highly variable immune receptors of the mollusc Biomphalaria glabrata forms immune complexes with highly polymorphic and individually variable mucin determinants from its specific trematode parasite S. mansoni. We demonstrate for the first time in an invertebrate host-parasite interaction that a large repertoire of parasite epitopes matched a large repertoire of host immune receptors.

Published
2010
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50. Involvement of the cytokine MIF in the snail host immune response to the parasite Schistosoma mansoni

Author

Christine Coustau, Dominique Colinet, Raymond J. Pierce, Colette Dissous, Benjamin Gourbal, Alvaro Baeza Garcia, Elisabeth Werkmeister, Jean-Marc Reichhart, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie et évolution des interactions [2011-2014] (2EI), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de biologie de Lille - IBL (IBLI), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale (IBSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Réponse immunitaire et developpement chez les insectes (RIDI - UPR 9002), Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille (CIIL) - U1019 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie et évolution des interactions (2EI), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), and Modat, Anne

Subjects
Hemocytes, medicine.medical_treatment, Immunology/Innate Immunity, Apoptosis, Snail, MIGRATION-INHIBITORY FACTOR, FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION, Cricetinae, invertébré, cytokine, RNA, Small Interfering, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Cells, Cultured, GENE-EXPRESSION, 0303 health sciences, Biomphalaria, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, cellule immunitaire, 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology, Schistosoma mansoni, Recombinant Proteins, 3. Good health, Cytokine, Liver, parasite, BIOMPHALARIA-GLABRATA GASTROPODA, Research Article, lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy, REGULATORY ROLE, EMBRYONIC-CELLS, réponse immunitaire, Immunology, Blotting, Western, Molecular Sequence Data, Biology, Microbiology, Host-Parasite Interactions, CELL-PROLIFERATION, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, INTRAMOLLUSCAN STAGES, Virology, biology.animal, parasitic diseases, Genetics, medicine, Biomphalaria glabrata, Animals, Humans, Amino Acid Sequence, RNA, Messenger, Molecular Biology, Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors, Infectious Diseases/Helminth Infections, escargot, 030304 developmental biology, Cell Proliferation, Innate immune system, MOLECULAR-CLONING, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, gène, Oocysts, biology.organism_classification, Schistosomiasis mansoni, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, lcsh:Biology (General), Cell culture, INNATE IMMUNITY, Parasitology, Macrophage migration inhibitory factor, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, lcsh:RC581-607
Abstract

We have identified and characterized a Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) family member in the Lophotrochozoan invertebrate, Biomphalaria glabrata, the snail intermediate host of the human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni. In mammals, MIF is a widely expressed pleiotropic cytokine with potent pro-inflammatory properties that controls cell functions such as gene expression, proliferation or apoptosis. Here we show that the MIF protein from B. glabrata (BgMIF) is expressed in circulating immune defense cells (hemocytes) of the snail as well as in the B. glabrata embryonic (Bge) cell line that has hemocyte-like features. Recombinant BgMIF (rBgMIF) induced cell proliferation and inhibited NO-dependent p53-mediated apoptosis in Bge cells. Moreover, knock-down of BgMIF expression in Bge cells interfered with the in vitro encapsulation of S. mansoni sporocysts. Furthermore, the in vivo knock-down of BgMIF prevented the changes in circulating hemocyte populations that occur in response to an infection by S. mansoni miracidia and led to a significant increase in the parasite burden of the snails. These results provide the first functional evidence that a MIF ortholog is involved in an invertebrate immune response towards a parasitic infection and highlight the importance of cytokines in invertebrate-parasite interactions., Author Summary Schistosoma mansoni, a parasitic blood fluke that causes intestinal schistosomiasis in humans, requires an intermediate host, a freshwater snail of the genus Biomphalaria for its transmission. Infection of the snail triggers marked cellular and humoral immune responses, but the molecular mechanisms of these responses are not well known. We have identified and characterized the involvement of a snail homologue of the cytokine MIF (Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor) in the snail immune responses to infection by the parasite. By using biochemical and molecular approaches in combination with in vitro culture and in vivo gene knock down, we have demonstrated the role of snail MIF in the regulation of the snail innate immune system. In particular, MIF regulates the proliferation and activation of the hemocytes, the macrophage-like snail defense cells, and the encapsulation response. This shows for the first time that MIF has a conserved cytokine function in an invertebrate and underlines the interest of the schistosome-snail model in the study of innate immunity.

Published
2010
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