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Mpofana protests are characteristic of local protest actions occurring across South Africa. In 2014 Mpofana Municipality was placed under administration by the provincial authority and one of the reasons cited for this were high levels of protest. This paper focuses on Mpofana protests to examine demands for 'service delivery' and citizenship as well as political strategy with regards local level leadership. The paper also considers the narratives and strategies around protest in the context of the 'neoliberal citizen' and 'market' approaches to citizenship. It draws on a qualitative study comprising focus groups conducted across three Mpofana wards. The paper suggests that in Mpofana there are clear struggles for the attainment of social citizenship in the context of a divide between those who have no access to work and wages and those who have access to income and assets. Citizenship attainment struggles are interwoven with failed patronage networks, and processes of piercing the 'common sense' appear through protesters questioning local leadership and proposing solutions for change. There is also evidence in Mpofana though of the 'depoliticised subject' fostered by the neoliberal doctrine where the language of protest is cast in market terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engaging with long-standing debates on the crisis of democracy, manifested as a downturn in civic involvement, this paper scrutinises the evolving landscape of protest participation. First delineating three distinct protest participation styles – in-person, online and what we conceive of as a pivoting style – we identify individual characteristics among protesters that are associated with each style and consider how different obstacles to participation are linked to these individual styles. Using novel survey data from six European countries, we show that online support can be a viable alternative for individuals unable to join protests due to obstacles they face. The online participation style is more common among people who lack connections with social contacts that can facilitate their participation. The in-person style is prevalent among older participants who are less frequent social media users while the pivoting style is more often realised among young, more biographically available people who are media omnivores. Participants who do not embrace the in-person style lack consensus mobilisation whereas those exhibiting a preference for the online or the pivoting styles face obstacles relating to action mobilisation. We conclude the article with a call for a more nuanced understanding of protest participation, as symptomatic of a transformation of democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This editorial introduces the 12 articles collected in this special issue on Remembering Activism: Explorations in the memory-activism nexu s. It frames the articles within current debates in the field of memory studies and social movement studies on the entanglements between memory work, on the one hand, and activism directed towards social transformation, on the other. In particular, it highlights the ways in which the memory of earlier activism is mobilised within later movements; in the process, it also identifies various forms of activist memory work where remembrance is an integral part of the activist repertoire and one of the means used to achieve political ends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Control and access to land are major concerns for peasants of the global south who face the longstanding consequences of colonialism and recent 'land-rush'. What is the role of human rights in this peasant struggle? The UNDROP marks the international recognition of the right to land. However, as the very project of human rights is facing criticism and the effectiveness of this recognition remains uncertain, the question of whether using the human rights framework is even desirable arises. Arguing for a broader understanding of the actors and processes involved in the application and evolution of human rights, I explain that the process of obtaining the recognition of the right to land involved the mobilisation and re-modelling of human rights by grassroots organisations. I explore the potential of this mobilisation to transform common understandings of human rights, and its distinctive ability to support the necessary paradigm shift to transform peasants' lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The effect of tibial fixation on the movement of the talus during the tibiotarsal axial traction technique (TATT) is unknown. The aim was to evaluate the effect on the tibiotarsus when applying three different intensities of TATT force with or without tibial fixation in healthy subjects, and to assess the reliability of detecting the different forces applied. Also, the discomfort generated during the technique would be analysed. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in thirty lower limbs. Three magnitudes of TATT force in an open-packed position were applied in tibial fixation and non-fixation conditions. The axial traction movement was measured by ultrasound, and the magnitudes of the force applied during low-medium and high TATT force were recorded in both conditions. Patients were asked about the level of discomfort perceived during the technique. Results: The most significant distance increase (mm) was observed in the tibial fixation condition at all magnitudes of the TATT (F = 102.693, p < 0.001). The discomfort sensation (numeric rating scale, "NRS") was higher in the non-fixation condition (p > 0.05). The application of the technique showed good reliability (>0.75 ICC) for the detection of the applied force. Conclusions: The TATT in the tibial fixation condition produced more significant axial movement of the talus (mm) relative to the tibia than the non-tibial fixation condition did. The detection of the magnitudes of movement showed good reliability (ICC: 0.75 to 0.92). The technique was well tolerated at all force magnitudes, with the tibial fixation condition being the most tolerable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Climate change is likely to exacerbate land to water phosphorus (P) transfers, causing a degradation of water quality in freshwater bodies in Northwestern Europe. Planning for mitigation measures requires an understanding of P loss processes under such conditions. This study assesses how climate induced changes to hydrology will likely influence the P transfer continuum in six contrasting river catchments using Irish national observatories as exemplars. Changes or stability of total P (TP) and total reactive P (TRP) transfer processes were estimated using far-future scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) of modelled river discharge under climate change and observed links between hydrological regimes (baseflow and flashiness indices) and transfer processes (mobilisation and delivery indices). While there were no differences in P mobilisation between RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, both mobilisation and delivery were higher for TP. Comparing data from 2080 (2070–2099) with 2020 (2010–2039), suggests that P mobilisation is expected to be relatively stable for the different catchments. While P delivery is highest in hydrologically flashy catchments, the largest increases were in groundwater-fed catchments in RCP8.5 (+ 22% for TRP and + 24% for TP). The inter-annual variability of P delivery in the groundwater-fed catchments is also expected to increase. Since the magnitude of a P source may not fully define its mobility, and hydrological connections of mobilisation areas are expected to increase, we recommend identifying critical mobilisation areas to target future mitigation strategies. These are hydrologically connected areas where controls such as soil/bedrock chemistry, biological activity and hydrological processes are favourable for P mobilisation.

Abstract Background Inactivity and bedrest during hospitalisation have numerous adverse consequences, and it is especially important that older patients are mobile during hospitalisation. This study aimed to identify whether the introduction of formal education of clinical staff and a Mobilisation Initiative (MI) could increase mobilisation of patients in a geriatric and a medical ward. Furthermore, to explore patients’ and health care staffs’ view on facilitators and barriers for mobilisation during hospitalisation. Methods The study was a pragmatic clinical study. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used. The patients’ level of mobilisation was obtained through short interview-based surveys and observations. Focus group interviews and formal education of clinical staff was initiated to increase awareness of mobilisation along with the implementation of a MI. Results 596 patient surveys were included. Of all patients, 50% in the geriatric ward and 70% in the medical ward were able to independently mobilise. The highest percentage of patients sitting in a chair for breakfast and lunch in the geriatric ward was 57% and 65%, and in the medical ward 23% and 26%, respectively. A facilitator for mobilisation was interdisciplinary collaboration, and barriers were lack of chairs and time, and the patients’ lack of help transferring. Conclusions This study adds new knowledge regarding the lack of in-hospital mobilisation in geriatric and medical departments. Mealtimes are obvious mobilisation opportunities, but most patients consume their meals in bed. A potential for a MI is present, however, it must be interdisciplinarily and organisationally anchored for further investigation of effectiveness. Trial registration Retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with the trial number NCT05926908.

Abstract: Transitional justice from below in Guatemala: Experience of the Association for Justice and Reconciliation Although criminal accountability is a central component of transitional justice (TJ), the way it converges or clashes with the practices and expectations of those affected by extreme violence is not always clear. What collective processes lead communities to embrace and pursue legal cases? What challenges does the involvement of historically violated and marginalized populations entail? In this article, we analyse the experience of an organization of survivors of the Guatemalan armed conflict that has been key to filing lawsuits for genocide. Based on the perspectives of its members, we highlight the importance of local and international intermediaries for the formation and persistence of the group, and we explore the challenges to its continuity. Our findings suggest the need to delve deeper into the contradictions between TJ and the diversity of indigenous conceptions of justice, economic constraints and gender inequities that limit the mobilisation of male and female survivors. Resumen Aunque la responsabilización penal es un componente central de la justicia transicional (JT), no siempre es nítido el modo en que converge o choca con las prácticas y expectativas de las víctimas de atrocidades masivas. ¿Qué procesos colectivos explican la adopción y sosteni-miento de causas legales en contextos comunitarios? ¿Qué desafíos conlleva el involucramien-to de poblaciones históricamente violentadas y marginalizadas? En este artículo analizamos la experiencia de una organización de sobrevivientes del conflicto armado guatemalteco que fue clave para posicionar demandas judiciales por genocidio. Con base en las perspectivas de sus integrantes destacamos la centralidad de los intermediarios locales e internacionales para la conformación y persistencia del grupo, y exploramos los retos para su continuidad. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren la necesidad de profundizar las contradicciones entre la JT y la diversidad de concepciones de justicia indígenas, así como las constricciones económicas y desigualdades de género que limitan la movilización de hombres y mujeres sobrevivientes.

Abstract Intensive care unit (ICU) patients can be immobilised over long periods due to their conditions, and the subsequent management inclusive of mechanical ventilation, which is also associated with complications. Hence, early mobilization of intubated patients (EMIP) may be beneficial but there are various barriers including the lack of consensus guidelines. Based on a brief scoping literature review, this article notes of perhaps one consensus guidelines developed from a systematic review in 2014 followed by a meeting of experts from ICU but there are other guidelines, recommendations, and strategies. However, there still exists the challenge of consensus guidelines for early mobilization. Barriers and/or facilitators, evaluation of optimal intervention dosage, good communication, and use of necessary assistive equipment have also been identified. Some resource limited countries lack physiotherapists and equipment, and these services are therefore provided mostly by nurses and junior doctors, which calls for tailored guidelines. Prominent note in the guidelines is oximetry but not blood gas measurement and another note are the limitations caused by vasoactive agents. Perhaps, the cost and invasive nature of the blood gas analyses are concerns and this is significant for resource limited countries. However, this test and alternatives need considerations in the guidelines. There is agreement on safe early mobilisation of intubated patients (EMIP), but this requires developing to tailor for resource limited countries. The vasoactive agents affect blood gases, hence evidence-base blood gases and acid–base analyses are necessary to integrate in monitoring intubated patients in ICU. Given the four criteria (cardiovascular, neurological, respiratory, and ‘others’) and challenges in the existing guidelines, some laboratory tests are recommended as additional items to the ‘others’ criterion to improve on potential points of imprecision and risk of bias.

Background: Inactivity and bedrest during hospitalisation have numerous adverse consequences, and it is especially important that older patients are mobile during hospitalisation. This study aimed to identify whether the introduction of formal education of clinical staff and a Mobilisation Initiative (MI) could increase mobilisation of patients in a geriatric and a medical ward. Furthermore, to explore patients' and health care staffs' view on facilitators and barriers for mobilisation during hospitalisation. Methods: The study was a pragmatic clinical study. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used. The patients' level of mobilisation was obtained through short interview-based surveys and observations. Focus group interviews and formal education of clinical staff was initiated to increase awareness of mobilisation along with the implementation of a MI. Results: 596 patient surveys were included. Of all patients, 50% in the geriatric ward and 70% in the medical ward were able to independently mobilise. The highest percentage of patients sitting in a chair for breakfast and lunch in the geriatric ward was 57% and 65%, and in the medical ward 23% and 26%, respectively. A facilitator for mobilisation was interdisciplinary collaboration, and barriers were lack of chairs and time, and the patients' lack of help transferring. Conclusions: This study adds new knowledge regarding the lack of in-hospital mobilisation in geriatric and medical departments. Mealtimes are obvious mobilisation opportunities, but most patients consume their meals in bed. A potential for a MI is present, however, it must be interdisciplinarily and organisationally anchored for further investigation of effectiveness. Trial registration: Retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with the trial number NCT05926908. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPurposeMethodsResultsConclusions\nIMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONTo describe experiences of the ward nurse in relation to extended physiotherapy and mobilising of post-ICU patients.Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 registered nurses working on surgical wards in a Swedish regional hospital. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the data. The study was reported according to the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ).The study findings are presented in three categories: challenges to mobilising post-ICU patients, shared responsibility facilitates mobilisation, and extended physiotherapy is beneficial for patients’ wellbeing. Nurses stated that they lacked knowledge and skills to perform the safe mobilisation of post-ICU patients due to their complex medical history and needs. Collaboration with physiotherapists was perceived to facilitate mobilisation and to be beneficial for patients’ wellbeing outcome.The study indicates that post-ICU patients are at risk of remaining immobilised because ward nurses find mobilisation too complex to conduct without support from physiotherapists. Shared responsibility through multi-professional teamwork regarding patient rehabilitation is perceived as contributing the knowledge required to achieve safe mobilisation that enhances autonomy and physical ability in post-ICU patients.Level of mobilisation is commonly reduced when patients are transferred from ICU to ward.Collaboration between physiotherapists and nurses can facilitate a first mobilisation in a safe way and subsequently be beneficial for patients’ wellbeing.There is a need for a more robust healthcare chain which promotes continued rehabilitation and reduces the risk of physical decline for the individual patient after being transferred from ICU to ward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To compare the effects of end-range manual therapy versus other conservative intervention on pain intensity, shoulder range of movement (ROM), and physical function in adhesive capsulitis (AC). Two reviewers conducted a comprehensive search from inception to December 2022. PUBMED, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, EMBASE, and PEDro databases were searched. Clinical trials investigating the effects of end-range mobilisation techniques on pain, ROM, and physical function in patients with AC were included. Methodological quality was evaluated using the PEDro scale, and bias risk was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. GRADE was used to assess the certainty of the evidence. Data were presented using forest plots, and the random effects models were applied according to the Cochrane handbook. Ten randomised controlled trials were reviewed, involving 424 AC patients aged 20–70 years. Methodological quality of studies ranged from high to low. The end-range mobilisation showed improvements in pain intensity, shoulder abduction, internal rotation, and external rotation, and physical function compared to other conservative interventions in the short-and medium-terms. Certainty of the evidence was downgraded to very low. Very low certainty evidence suggests that end-range mobilisation techniques improve pain intensity, shoulder ROM, and physical function in the short-and medium-term in AC. The Kaltenborn, Maitland, and Mulligan concepts are the most commonly used manual therapy approaches for adhesive capsulitis. The End-range mobilisation techniques seem to improve pain intensity, shoulder range of motion, and physical function at short- and medium-term of follow-up. The certainty of evidence was rated as very low for all the outcome measures. Despite the low certainty of evidence, it is recommended to continue using manual therapy for adhesive capsulitis due to the improvements demonstrated until further studies either confirm or refute its definitive efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the early decades of the twentieth century in colonial Assam, the standardisation of language, the expansion of regional literature and literary circles, and the challenges arising for linguistic communities led to the formation of Asam Sahitya Sabha (ASS) that intended to work for the advancement of Assamese language in the interest of the public. Implicit in its model of association was the notion of collective identity that gradually set the pace for assertions. The ASS's motivations cannot be discussed in isolation. The historical junctures of colonial India must be taken into account that had set the stage for revolutionising the literary spaces. This article has two key aims, first to discuss the events of ASS's activism during the colonial and post-independence periods and observe the relevant transitions. Second, to look at the mobilisation agendas pursued by the ASS in contemporary times and whether there are alternative inspirations. To place the key issues of the present, the insights from ASS members, who were interviewed, are included. Overall, this article looks at the associational form of the language assertion in Assam, years earlier and the roles adopted with the changing times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with collective issues and emerging forms of solidarity in remote crowd work. Using the example of the Amazon Mechanical Turk platform, we analyse communication in one of the oldest online labour forums (OLF) with a mixed‐methods‐approach (web scraping, topic modelling and qualitative content analysis) over a 10‐year period. We identify six broader themes of collective relevance whose importance varies over time. The results indicate that elements of solidarity emerge as crowd workers communicate about deprivations, develop collective orientations, and invoke injustice frames. However, there are no indications of more profound collective activities, which may be due to different types of crowd workers, some of whom have conflicting orientations. We develop assumptions about restrictions of OLF in facilitating collective action and tasks for organisers. The research contributes to a better understanding of mobilisation issues in remote platform labour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intensive care unit (ICU) patients can be immobilised over long periods due to their conditions, and the subsequent management inclusive of mechanical ventilation, which is also associated with complications. Hence, early mobilization of intubated patients (EMIP) may be beneficial but there are various barriers including the lack of consensus guidelines. Based on a brief scoping literature review, this article notes of perhaps one consensus guidelines developed from a systematic review in 2014 followed by a meeting of experts from ICU but there are other guidelines, recommendations, and strategies. However, there still exists the challenge of consensus guidelines for early mobilization. Barriers and/or facilitators, evaluation of optimal intervention dosage, good communication, and use of necessary assistive equipment have also been identified. Some resource limited countries lack physiotherapists and equipment, and these services are therefore provided mostly by nurses and junior doctors, which calls for tailored guidelines. Prominent note in the guidelines is oximetry but not blood gas measurement and another note are the limitations caused by vasoactive agents. Perhaps, the cost and invasive nature of the blood gas analyses are concerns and this is significant for resource limited countries. However, this test and alternatives need considerations in the guidelines. There is agreement on safe early mobilisation of intubated patients (EMIP), but this requires developing to tailor for resource limited countries. The vasoactive agents affect blood gases, hence evidence-base blood gases and acid–base analyses are necessary to integrate in monitoring intubated patients in ICU. Given the four criteria (cardiovascular, neurological, respiratory, and 'others') and challenges in the existing guidelines, some laboratory tests are recommended as additional items to the 'others' criterion to improve on potential points of imprecision and risk of bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An international taskforce of clinician-scientists was formed by specialty groups of World Physiotherapy – International Federation of Orthopaedic Manipulative Physical Therapists (IFOMPT) & International Organisation of Physiotherapists in Paediatrics (IOPTP) – to develop evidence-based practice position statements directing physiotherapists clinical reasoning for the safe and effective use of spinal manipulation and mobilisation for paediatric populations (<18 years) with varied musculoskeletal or non-musculoskeletal conditions. A three-stage guideline process using validated methodology was completed: 1. Literature review stage (one scoping review, two reviews exploring psychometric properties); 2. Delphi stage (one 3-Round expert Delphi survey); and 3. Refinement stage (evidence-to-decision summative analysis, position statement development, evidence gap map analyses, and multilayer review processes). Evidence-based practice position statements were developed to guide the appropriate use of spinal manipulation and mobilisation for paediatric populations. All were predicated on clinicians using biopsychosocial clinical reasoning to determine when the intervention is appropriate. 1. It is not recommended to perform: • Spinal manipulation and mobilisation on infants. • Cervical and lumbar spine manipulation on children. •Spinal manipulation and mobilisation on infants, children, and adolescents for non-musculoskeletal paediatric conditions including asthma, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, breastfeeding difficulties, cerebral palsy, infantile colic, nocturnal enuresis, and otitis media. 2. It may be appropriate to treat musculoskeletal conditions including spinal mobility impairments associated with neck-back pain and neck pain with headache utilising: • Spinal mobilisation and manipulation on adolescents; • Spinal mobilisation on children; or • Thoracic manipulation on children for neck-back pain only. 3. No high certainty evidence to recommend these interventions was available. Reports of mild to severe harms exist; however, risk rates could not be determined. Specific directives to guide physiotherapists' clinical reasoning on the appropriate use of spinal manipulation or mobilisation were identified. Future research should focus on trials for priority conditions (neck-back pain) in children and adolescents, psychometric properties of key outcome measures, knowledge translation, and harms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Volleyball is a sport that involves dynamic movements characterized by explosive force, including vertical jumping, forward jumping, and overhead ball throwing. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of inhibition and mobilization techniques on explosive force outputs in female volleyball players. A total of 13 female volunteer athletes, aged between 18 and 27, from a volleyball team in Istanbul, were included in the study. The volunteers were assigned randomly and divided into two groups: the Foam Roller Group (FRG) with a sample size of 7, and the Activation Group (AG) with a sample size of 6. The selection of movements applied to the athletes was based on the muscle groups that are consistently utilized in both indoor and beach volleyball. The foam roller group applied soft cylindrical foam for 30 seconds to the gastrocnemius, biceps femoris, TFL (band), piriformis, and latissimus dorsi muscle groups. The activation group performs two sets of mini band abductions, which consist of four movements lasting 20 seconds each. Additionally, they do swiss ball prone cobra, swiss ball lying leg extensions, and mini band tibialis pull movements. Prior to training, all athletes underwent measurements for vertical jump (VJ), forward jump (FJ), and overhead ball throwing (BT). Once the FRG (Force-Recruitment Gain) and AG (Activation Gain) studies were finished for both groups, the measurements were recorded by repeating the Vertical Jump (VJ), Force Jump (FJ), and Ballistic Throw (BT) tests. This was done to assess how these tests influenced the explosive force outputs. The statistical analysis of the study using the SPSS 25.0 program did not find any notable difference (DS 0.086; IS 0.886; BF 0.174). However, in the FJ test, the FRG showed a statistically significant decrease in the pre-post-test measurement, with values of 2.12 ± 0.16 before the test and 1.99 ± 0.14 after the test. Consequently, while there is no detriment in engaging in short-term FR (flexibility and mobility) and activation exercises prior to sports performance, it can be inferred that these practices are carried out in order to mitigate the likelihood of injury.

The relevance of this study is determined by the current instability of the global political climate in the world and the outbreak of a number of military conflicts, which necessitates the study of the mechanisms of activity of structures that protect the interests of the population and the state. Thus, the purpose of the paper is to analyse the algorithm for the activities of civil defence authorities, particularly in wartime conditions. Among the methods used are the methods of logical analysis, deduction, synthesis, induction, functional analysis, analogy. This study provides a detailed analysis of the importance and key role played by civil protection agencies in addressing the challenges of protecting, ensuring security and developing society. The importance of their function lies in the effective implementation of strategies aimed at protecting the population and the state in times of threat and danger. The analysis in this paper takes into account the various components necessary for the successful management of various types of warfare. This includes the study of effective strategies for interaction and coordination between civil protection authorities and military command and control. Particular attention is paid to the key factors that determine the effectiveness of the organisation of interaction between military authorities and protection commissioners. Similarly, significant was the analysis of the demand for the resolution of qualitative foresight implementation tasks. Accordingly, an algorithm that will provide a more detailed and relevant examination of the wartime operational algorithm of the governing bodies has been developed. The practical value of the obtained results is that it will increase the appropriate level of combat alertness, the guarantor of the protection of the national interests of the state and its population, its territorial integrity and will generally raise the level of effectiveness of the relevant bodies considered

Abstract Introduction The optimum time to mobilise (standing, walking) following spinal cord injury (SCI) is unknown but may have implications for patient outcomes. There are no high-quality experimental studies that examine this issue, with a paucity of guidance for clinicians. Pre-clinical studies lead research in this field and can contribute to knowledge and support future clinical practice. Objective: to evaluate the effect of early compared to no mobilisation on pathophysiological and functional outcomes in animals with induced SCI. Methods A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted by searching pre-clinical literature in MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase (Ovid), Web of Science, OpenGrey, and EThOS (June 2023). Studies were included of any research method giving numerical results comparing pathophysiological and functional outcomes in rats and mice mobilised within 14-days of induced SCI to those that did not mobilise. Data were synthesised using random-effects meta-analyses. The quality of the evidence was assessed using the CAMARADES checklist. The certainty of findings was reported using the GRADE approach. This study is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023437494). Results Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria. Outcomes found that Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor levels were greater in those that initiated mobilisation within 14-days of SCI compared to the groups that did not. Mobilisation initiated within 14-days of SCI was also associated with statistically significant functional gains: (Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan locomotor rating score (BBB) = 2.13(0–21), CI 1.43, 2.84, Ladder Rung Walking Task = − 12.38(0–100), CI 20.01, − 4.76). Meta-analysis identified the greatest functional gains when mobilisation was initiated within 3 days of SCI (BBB = 3.00, CI 2.31–3.69, p

The present research shows the essence of the mobilisation relations system and gives their brief description, considers their objective correlation with the productive forces of society and their significance in the period of increasing confrontation with unfriendly Western countries. This system is revealed as experience of formation of these relations according to N. A. Voznesensky and also as a condition for improvement of the Russian economic security today. Methodologically, the authors consider the unity of historical and logical directions in the development of the system, its differences from the traditional statemarket model of relations with the use of updated political and economic science. The results contain the experience of modernisation of the material and technical base of the Russian economy, mobilisation regulation of business relations and the formation of a new intellectually advanced, versatile and mobile employee. Besides, applied directions for their improvement in the form of effective employment of these processes and the modernised state management mission are also part of the results. Moreover, each of these components, their various combinations and integral set are examined in terms of improving the security of society and each of its members. The research concludes that it is necessary to accelerate the implementation of mobilisation regulation of the society development and its economy, aimed at the further improvement of their security.

In 2019, thousands of women took to the streets in Mexico City to protest gender-based violence. The demonstrations were characterised by the defacement of iconic monuments, which was widely condemned. But the protests also ignited widespread political mobilisation, including by a group of women restorers who, despite being designated to clean the monuments, refused to perform their work and publicly defended the protesters. By withholding their labour and their ostensible duty to the state and to the nation, the restorers' actions helped to transform narratives around feminism, protest and the meaning of national heritage. Based on a case study of this previously depoliticised group of art restorers who went on to become one of the most important faces of Mexico's feminist movement, this article argues that political mobilisation can be rooted in and directly linked to people's labour and professional expertise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the framework of a broader research project, the results of an analysis of the role of repression and forced recruitment in the Spanish Civil War is presented. This article focuses on a specific region that was taken over by the coup plotters from July 1936 onwards. This region, Galicia (in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula) was the main recruitment centre for the insurgent (nationalist) side. This article aims to show the role that recruitment played in the imposition of repressive terror in the rearguard, something that has been little studied in war studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sociedade e Estado is the property of Sociedade e Estado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Given the conference's focus on innovative healthcare solutions, our investigation into robotic assistance systems highlights crucial advancements in early motor rehabilitation, aligning closely with emerging healthcare priorities. In combination with conventional therapy, the assistance systems offer new possible therapy programs. They can be used to mobilize and move patients as early as possible. The paper discusses the possibilities that arise from their use and considers the obstacles that arise. As part of a qualitative survey, nine expert interviews from different fields were conducted to guide them on robotic assisted living systems. The results obtained were summarized by coding into categories and evaluated. Our analysis of 148 coding points from nine expert interviews reveals significant insights into the strengths and weaknesses of robotic systems in neurorehabilitation. Each point was meticulously categorized to reflect its impact on both practice and patient outcomes, highlighting the practical implications of our findings. The results of the survey and the literature indicate a positive effect of robotic assistance systems in early rehabilitation. Their use requires intensive monitoring and studies on the longterm application of the systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Physical rehabilitation of critically ill patients is implemented to improve physical outcomes from an intensive care stay. However, before rehabilitation is implemented, a risk assessment is essential, based on robust safety data. To develop this information, a uniform definition of relevant adverse events is required. The assessment of cardiovascular stability is particularly relevant before physical activity as there is uncertainty over when it is safe to start rehabilitation with patients receiving vasoactive drugs. Methods: A three-stage Delphi study was carried out to (a) define adverse events for a general ICU cohort, and (b) to define which risks should be assessed before physical rehabilitation of patients receiving vasoactive drugs. An international group of intensive care clinicians and clinician researchers took part. Former ICU patients and their family members/carers were involved in generating consensus for the definition of adverse events. Round one was an open round where participants gave their suggestions of what to include. In round two, participants rated their agreements with these suggestions using a five-point Likert scale; a 70% consensus agreement threshold was used. Round three was used to re-rate suggestions that had not reached consensus, whilst viewing anonymous feedback of participant ratings from round two. Results: Twenty-four multi-professional ICU clinicians and clinician researchers from 10 countries across five continents were recruited. Average duration of ICU experience was 18 years (standard deviation 8) and 61% had publications related to ICU rehabilitation. For the adverse event definition, five former ICU patients and one patient relative were recruited. The Delphi process had a 97% response rate. Firstly, 54 adverse events reached consensus; an adverse event tool was created and informed by these events. Secondly, 50 risk factors requiring assessment before physical rehabilitation of patients receiving vasoactive drugs reached consensus. A second tool was created, informed by these suggestions. Conclusions: The adverse event tool can be used in studies of physical rehabilitation to ensure uniform measurement of safety. The risk assessment tool can be used to inform clinical practise when risk assessing when to start rehabilitation with patients receiving vasoactive drugs. Trial registration This study protocol was retrospectively registered on https://www.researchregistry.com/ (researchregistry2991). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Induction therapy followed by CD34+ cell mobilisation and autologous transplantation represents standard of care for multiple myeloma (MM). However, the anti‐CD38 monoclonal antibodies daratumumab and isatuximab have been associated with mobilisation impairment, yet the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of three different regimens (dara‐VCd, isa‐KRd and VTd) on CD34+ cells using flow cytometry and transcriptomics. Decreased CD34+ cell peak concentration and yields, longer collection and delayed engraftment were reproduced after dara‐VCd/isa‐KRd versus VTd induction in 34 patients in total. Using flow cytometry, we detected major changes in the proportion of apheresis product and bone marrow CD34+ subsets in patients treated with regimens containing anti‐CD38 therapy; however, without any decrease in CD38high B‐lymphoid progenitors in both materials. RNA‐seq of mobilised CD34+ cells from 21 patients showed that adhesion genes are overexpressed in CD34+ cells after dara‐VCd/isa‐KRd and JCAD, NRP2, MDK, ITGA3 and CLEC3B were identified as potential target genes. Finally, direct in vitro effect of isatuximab in upregulating JCAD and CLEC3B was confirmed by quantitative PCR. These findings suggest that upregulated adhesion‐related interactions, rather than killing of CD34+ cells by effector mechanisms, could be leading causes of decreased mobilisation efficacy in MM patients treated with anti‐CD38 therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pedagogical realm expands and goes beyond the four walls of a classroom. It becomes omnipresent. However, there are spheres where it displays overtly its political character such as in the functioning of political organisations. In these organisations the relationship of the leader and cadre or the institutional form of politics and the masses that it seeks to include is constituted through a prolonged pedagogical process. This process is defined through a relationship that revolves around exclusion, inclusion and framing of an institutional structure visà- vis the masses. Rosa Luxemburg and Paulo Freire in their own ways reflected on these relationships either directly or their writings can be read to understand the making of political pedagogy in South Asian context, more specifically India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: The optimum time to mobilise (standing, walking) following spinal cord injury (SCI) is unknown but may have implications for patient outcomes. There are no high-quality experimental studies that examine this issue, with a paucity of guidance for clinicians. Pre-clinical studies lead research in this field and can contribute to knowledge and support future clinical practice. Objective: to evaluate the effect of early compared to no mobilisation on pathophysiological and functional outcomes in animals with induced SCI. Methods: A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted by searching pre-clinical literature in MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase (Ovid), Web of Science, OpenGrey, and EThOS (June 2023). Studies were included of any research method giving numerical results comparing pathophysiological and functional outcomes in rats and mice mobilised within 14-days of induced SCI to those that did not mobilise. Data were synthesised using random-effects meta-analyses. The quality of the evidence was assessed using the CAMARADES checklist. The certainty of findings was reported using the GRADE approach. This study is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023437494). Results: Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria. Outcomes found that Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor levels were greater in those that initiated mobilisation within 14-days of SCI compared to the groups that did not. Mobilisation initiated within 14-days of SCI was also associated with statistically significant functional gains: (Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan locomotor rating score (BBB) = 2.13(0–21), CI 1.43, 2.84, Ladder Rung Walking Task = − 12.38(0–100), CI 20.01, − 4.76). Meta-analysis identified the greatest functional gains when mobilisation was initiated within 3 days of SCI (BBB = 3.00, CI 2.31–3.69, p < 0.001), or when delivered at low intensity (BBB = 2.88, CI 2.03–3.70, p < 0.001). Confidence in the findings from this review was low to moderate due to the risk of bias and mixed methodological quality. Conclusion: Mobilisation instigated within 14-days of injury, may be an effective way of improving functional outcomes in animal models following SCI, with delays potentially detrimental to recovery. Outcomes from this study support further research in this field to guide future clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Flexion deformity of the knee is a common complication following recurrent haemarthrosis in persons with haemophilia (PWH) on episodic factor replacement therapy, restricting independent mobility. There is limited literature on the comprehensive management of this condition. This report provides the outcome of a staged multidisciplinary approach for the correction of knee flexion deformity (KFD) even in limited resource settings. Patients and methods: The data of 49 consecutive PWH who were treated for KFD were analysed. The approach included graded physical therapy (PT), followed by serial casting and/or mobilisation under anaesthesia (MUA). MUA was done in carefully selected knees. Surgical correction was opted when non‐surgical methods failed. Results: Of the 49 patients (55 knees), with a median KFD of 40 degrees (range: 10–90), 26/55 (47%) were corrected by graded PT. With serial casting, 9/19 (47%) knees had their KFD corrected. MUA was done for 11 knees of which five achieved correction (45%). Surgical correction was required for only seven knees (12.7%). Following this approach, KFD improved from 40 degrees (range: 10–90) to 15 degrees (range: 0–40), with only minor loss of flexion from 105 (range: 60–155) to 90 degrees (range: 30–150). Out of 55 KFD, 46 (83.6%) KFD were corrected; non‐surgical, 39 (70.9%) and surgery, seven (12.7%). The remaining patients (nine KFD; 16.4%) were able to achieve their functional goal despite not meeting the correction criteria. Conclusion: This study shows that in PWH, functionally significant KFD correction can be achieved in about 71%, through non‐surgical methods, even without prophylactic factor replacement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the public governance of the private British munitions industry from 1938 to 1945. It uses a case study of Wales to make two arguments. One is that public regional governance was contested and slow to emerge, although ultimately successful. Governance was initially centralised and uncoordinated as three supply ministries competed to source munitions. Floorspace controls were introduced in 1941 but ministries rebuffed other attempts to co-ordinate regional procurement. However, capacity problems throughout Britain incentivised co-operation from 1942, when a new Ministry of Production created effective regional structures. The other argument is that business activity in Wales intensified as structures emerged. Mobilisation focussed initially on concentrations of secondary manufacturing, but Wales was dominated by primary industries and few businesses were producing munitions by mid-1940. Nevertheless, air raids and capacity shortages elsewhere prompted an influx controlled increasingly by regional structures that governed a munitions industry dominated by private businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Neural mobilisation technique is effective in spinal nerve rehabilitation. However, no study has reported the effect of facial nerve mobilisation in acute Bell’s palsy. Objectives: The objective of our study was to evaluate the effect of facial neural mobilisation over conventional therapy in improving facial symmetry in patients with acute Bell’s palsy. Methods: A randomised controlled trial was conducted in the physical therapy department for 62 patients with acute Bell’s palsy. The intervention included 10 days of drug therapy including 3 weeks of conventional therapy to the experimental and the control group. However, the experimental group received additional nerve mobilisation technique aimed at mobilising the facial nerve at the origin of external auditory meatus. All participants were assessed at baseline and after three weeks using the Sunnybrook facial grading system (SBS) and Kinovea Movement Analysis Software (KMAS). Results: For primary outcome, analysis of covariance with baseline data as covariate showed a significant difference between groups for the post-test mean scores of SBS after 3 weeks (between-group difference, 9.2 [95% CI, 5.1–13.3], [Formula: see text]. Importantly, the effect size calculated by partial [Formula: see text] for neural mobilisation was 0.258 (small effect size). For secondary outcomes, independent sample t-test showed a significant difference between groups for the scores on KMAS after 3 weeks for zygomatic muscle (between-group difference, [Formula: see text] [95% CI, [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]], [Formula: see text]), frontalis muscle [Formula: see text] [95% CI, [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]], [Formula: see text], and orbicularis oris muscle [Formula: see text] [95% CI, [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]], [Formula: see text]. Conclusion: Facial neural mobilisation is likely to be an effective adjunctive intervention in addition to conventional therapy in improving facial symmetry in acute Bell’s palsy.

Background: Mechanical neck pain (MNP) is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal pathologies in the present time. Physiotherapy management strategies comprising manual therapy and exercise therapy are routinely administered in patients with MNP. Objective: To compare the immediate effect of craniocervical flexion (CCF) exercise and Mulligan mobilisation on pain, active cervical range of motion (CROM) and CCF test performance in patients with MNP. Methods: This prospective, randomised, single-blinded study involved 26 patients with MNP (16 females; mean age; [Formula: see text] years) randomised to a single session of active CCF exercise (3 sets of 10 repetitions) or Mulligan mobilisation (3 sets of 6–10 repetitions). Pain intensity was measured on a numerical pain rating scale (NPRS), active CROM was measured using CROM device, and CCF test performance with surface electromyography (EMG) from bilateral sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and anterior scalene (AS) muscles recorded pre- and immediately post-intervention by an assessor blinded to the treatment groups. Mann–Whitney U test was used to analyse between groups and Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to analyse within-group significance for pain and CROM, Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel correlation test was used to analyse the CCF test performance on EMG from the bilateral SCM and AS muscles. Results: Comparison between pre- and post-intervention readings revealed statistically significant within-group ([Formula: see text]) and no between-group significant difference for pain, ROM, and CCF test performance, indicating both interventions were equally effective. Conclusion: Patients with MNP who received active CCF exercise or Mulligan mobilisation exhibited similar reduction in pain intensity and increased CROM and CCF test performance post-intervention. Surprisingly, AS surface EMG amplitudes were increased post-intervention in both groups warranting further exploration of its role in neck pain.

Background: The effect of tibial fixation on the movement of the talus during the tibiotarsal axial traction technique (TATT) is unknown. The aim was to evaluate the effect on the tibiotarsus when applying three different intensities of TATT force with or without tibial fixation in healthy subjects, and to assess the reliability of detecting the different forces applied. Also, the discomfort generated during the technique would be analysed. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in thirty lower limbs. Three magnitudes of TATT force in an open-packed position were applied in tibial fixation and non-fixation conditions. The axial traction movement was measured by ultrasound, and the magnitudes of the force applied during low-medium and high TATT force were recorded in both conditions. Patients were asked about the level of discomfort perceived during the technique. Results: The most significant distance increase (mm) was observed in the tibial fixation condition at all magnitudes of the TATT (F = 102.693, p < 0.001). The discomfort sensation (numeric rating scale, “NRS”) was higher in the non-fixation condition (p > 0.05). The application of the technique showed good reliability (>0.75 ICC) for the detection of the applied force. Conclusions: The TATT in the tibial fixation condition produced more significant axial movement of the talus (mm) relative to the tibia than the non-tibial fixation condition did. The detection of the magnitudes of movement showed good reliability (ICC: 0.75 to 0.92). The technique was well tolerated at all force magnitudes, with the tibial fixation condition being the most tolerable.

How are memories of a violent past in the country of origin reproduced, contested and reinterpreted by younger diasporic generations? And what consequences do processes of memory transmission of a violent past have on younger generations' identities and patterns of mobilisation? Based on an exploration of the transmission of memories of the 1994 genocide in the Rwandan diaspora in Belgium, this article demonstrates that the intergenerational transmission of conflict memories shapes the mobilisation of second-generation diasporans in significant ways, and largely explains patterns of conflict transportation in the country of residence. However, a reframing of issues related to Rwanda's past, as well as a reorganisation and rethinking of diaspora cleavages and/or solidarities, from one generation to the next can also be observed. Such patterns can be explained by the need to translate memories of a painful past so that they can make sense and resonate in the country of residence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collective action is often equated with progressive politics, but are there aspects of group mobilisations that generalise across contexts? We examine general social and personality psychological factors behind endorsement of group-based violence across different types of violent group mobilisation. Specifically, we focus on the endorsement of group-based violence amongst supporters of the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement (N = 394), an immigration-critical group (N = 252), and soccer supporters (N = 445). Across three preregistered studies, we tested an integrative model including personality and social psychological factors. Several effects were consistent across all three contexts, with group-based relative deprivation positively, and honesty-humility negatively, predicting support for violence. Further, amongst BLM supporters and the immigration-critical group, emotionality negatively predicted support for violence, violent intentions, and self-reported aggression/violence. Overall, our results suggest that individuals who endorse violence in different contexts have some psychological factors in common. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Content, messages and the way voters are contacted are all increasingly tailored to the individual. But are voters really contacted in the way they prefer? What actually drives campaign preferences? Who are parties tailoring these preferences to? For the first time, we address this gap in the literature. Our findings suggest that there is considerable heterogeneity in voters' contact preferences. While some voters prefer not to be contacted, those who do prefer traditional methods (leaflets) and, in some cases, more personalised modes such as doorstep canvassing. Preferences are primarily driven by previous exposure to the mode, political interest, having an extraverted personality and age. We also examine preference 'matching' and find that parties are no more likely to 'match' a voter's specific preference if they have contacted them before. Preference contact matching is significantly more likely to be targeted at women, middle-age voters and especially weak or nonpartisans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This interdisciplinary study demonstrates how an anthropogenic narrative emerged in the immediate aftermath of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and how it became a strategic tool to drive Hiroshima's reconstruction processes, ascribing a new identity to the devastated city as a global advocate for peace. The atomic bomb survivors' nascent anthropogenic discourse emerged as hearsay partially based on scientific news but primarily reflecting the survivors' immediate and visceral observation of life at ground zero. The discourse evolved in synergy with the annual Peace Declarations and other public discourses, mobilising the hibakusha and changing their outlook. The study reveals, through a hybrid method of quantitative and qualitative analyses of over 20,000 testimonies from a-bomb survivors, the power of the anthropogenic discourse from ground zero in turning ad hoc disaster recovery efforts into the sustainable development of the city while fostering community consciousness for societal and global peace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Author of Hermann von Boyen's biography, Friedrich Meinecke stated that the contributions of Prussian twice (1815–1819 and 1841–1847) Minister of War to the military theory were almost completely forgotten. Despite the existence of many thousands of manuscript pages, this opinion is still considered valid to this day. The chief architect of the Landwehr system was also the founder of the concept of the 'defence system', crucial to understanding Prussian military thought in the first half of the nineteenth century. This idea influenced, in my opinion, the way of thinking about warfare within the Prussian Army far more than the Carl von Clausewitz's Vom Kriege. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our paper addresses the question of how governments respond to the politicisation of preferential trade agreements (PTA). How have governments responded to business interest mobilisation while negotiating PTAs? Moreover, if there has been an increase in the salience of a trade agreement, has this changed the government response? First, we assess politicisation in terms of the mobilisation patterns of private sector interests during PTA negotiations. Our central argument is that governments liberalise more when a broad range of business interests involving a large number of sectors mobilise in response to trade negotiations, as this would provide legitimacy to their policy positions. Second, we study governments' reactions to the level of salience of the trade agreement at hand. We argue that governments liberalise less when the agreement in question is highly salient and provokes increased public debate. We take an actor-centred and comparative approach to our research questions and use a novel dataset of 157 PTAs covering the period from 2005 to 2018. Both of our hypotheses are supported by our analysis. Our results also reveal an important difference between PTA 'depth' and 'rigidity', which are often perceived as closely correlated in assessing trade openness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of this study is determined by the current instability of the global political climate in the world and the outbreak of a number of military conflicts, which necessitates the study of the mechanisms of activity of structures that protect the interests of the population and the state. Thus, the purpose of the paper is to analyse the algorithm for the activities of civil defence authorities, particularly in wartime conditions. Among the methods used are the methods of logical analysis, deduction, synthesis, induction, functional analysis, analogy. This study provides a detailed analysis of the importance and key role played by civil protection agencies in addressing the challenges of protecting, ensuring security and developing society. The importance of their function lies in the effective implementation of strategies aimed at protecting the population and the state in times of threat and danger. The analysis in this paper takes into account the various components necessary for the successful management of various types of warfare. This includes the study of effective strategies for interaction and coordination between civil protection authorities and military command and control. Particular attention is paid to the key factors that determine the effectiveness of the organisation of interaction between military authorities and protection commissioners. Similarly, significant was the analysis of the demand for the resolution of qualitative foresight implementation tasks. Accordingly, an algorithm that will provide a more detailed and relevant examination of the wartime operational algorithm of the governing bodies has been developed. The practical value of the obtained results is that it will increase the appropriate level of combat alertness, the guarantor of the protection of the national interests of the state and its population, its territorial integrity and will generally raise the level of effectiveness of the relevant bodies considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The relevance of the topic is explained by the need to further study the regional specifics of the mobilization campaigns at the initial stage of the Great Patriot-ic War. The analysis of the historiography of the issue demonstrates the existence of signif-icant gaps in scientific research on this issue. The purpose of the study is to analyze the changes that have occurred in the content, forms and methods of activity of the state author-ities of Penza region in connection with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. Materials and methods. The source base of the research is formed on the basis of documentary mate-rials of federal and regional archival institutions. Most of the archival documents used were introduced into scientific circulation for the first. The research methodology is based on the principles of science, objectivity and historicism, as well as consistency in the consideration of events and phenomena. Results. In the course of the study, the transformations of the ac-tivities of state authorities and management of Penza region caused by the extraordinary conditions of wartime were identified and described. Conclusions. The beginning of the Great Patriotic War determined significant changes in the work of the party and state lead-ership of Penza region. In the emergency conditions of wartime, the priority tasks were to strengthen the defense capability of the country and the region. This required combining the efforts of all political, state and public structures, establishing new forms of coordination and interaction between them. The interdepartmental management system created at the re-gional level made it possible to successfully solve the tasks of a military mobilization na-ture set for the Penza region. The changes taking place at the regional level were a local re-flection of the all-Union processes.

Abstract Background This study aimed to assess the impact of duration of early mobilisation on survivors of critical illness. The hypothesis was that interventions lasting over 40 min, as per the German guideline, positively affect the functional status at ICU discharge. Methods Prospective single-centre cohort study conducted in two ICUs in Germany. In 684 critically ill patients surviving an ICU stay > 24 h, out-of-bed mobilisation of more than 40 min was evaluated. Results Daily mobilisation ≥ 40 min was identified as an independent predictor of an improved functional status upon ICU discharge. This effect on the primary outcome measure, change of Mobility-Barthel until ICU discharge, was observed in three different models for baseline patient characteristics (average treatment effect (ATE), all three models p

Based on the results of a qualitative study, this article aims to contribute to the debate on collective mobilisations, using the example of the labour struggles of Italian artists during the Covid-19 pandemic. The conditions typical to performing arts workers, such as precariousness, self-employment, individualisation, self-exploitation, social fragmentation, and geographical dispersion, have long been associated with low probabilities of collective mobilisation. In Italy, however, in the context of the numerous labour-related conflicts that emerged during the pandemic, mobilisations by performing arts workers were some of the most intense, widespread, and sustained. Addressing this counterintuitive finding and drawing on mobilisation theory, this article aims to identify the sources of conflict and antagonism of this mobilisation, and to investigate the factors and circumstances underlying it. We argue that the collective action of artists was motivated by a number of factors: a simultaneous mass experience of economic vulnerability and social insecurity; the breakdown of disciplinary mechanisms in artistic work; and the greater availability of “free time”. The findings shed new light on the mobilisation of precarious workers in work contexts characterised by disciplinary regimes based on subjective participation, self-exploitation and consensus.