46 results on '"Mishra, G.D."'
Search Results
2. The influence of long-term exposure and timing of physical activity on new joint pain and stiffness in mid-age women
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Peeters, G.M.E.E. (Geeske), Pisters, M.F., Mishra, G.D., and Brown, W.J.
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- 2015
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3. Association of diet and lifestyle with glycated haemoglobin in type 1 diabetes participants in the EURODIAB prospective complications study
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Balk, S.N., Schoenaker, D.A.J.M., Mishra, G.D., Toeller, M., Chaturvedi, N., Fuller, J.H., and Soedamah-Muthu, S.S.
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Fiber in human nutrition -- Health aspects ,Life style -- Health aspects ,Diabetics -- Physiological aspects ,Diet -- Health aspects ,Food/cooking/nutrition ,Health - Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Diet and lifestyle advice for type 1 diabetes (T1DM) patients is based on little evidence and putative effects on glycaemic control. Therefore, we investigated the longitudinal relation between dietary and lifestyle variables and HbA1c levels in patients with type 1 diabetes. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A 7-year prospective cohort analysis was performed in 1659 T1DM patients (52% males, mean age 32.5 years) participating in the EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study. Baseline dietary intake was assessed by 3-day records and physical activity, smoking status and alcohol intake by questionnaires. HbA1c during follow-up was centrally assessed by immunoassay. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and restricted cubic spline regression analyses were performed to assess dose-response associations between diet and lifestyle variables and HbA1c levels, adjusted for age, sex, lifestyle and body composition measures, baseline HbA1c, medication use and severe hypoglycaemic attacks. RESULTS: Mean follow-up of our study population was 6.8 (s.d. 0.6) years. Mean HbA1c level was 8.25% (s.d. 1.85) (or 66.6 mmol/ mol) at baseline and 8.27% (s.d. 1.44) at follow-up. Physical activity, smoking status and alcohol intake were not associated with HbA1c at follow-up in multivariable ANOVA models. Baseline intake below the median of vegetable protein (< 29g/day) and dietary fibre (< 18g/day) was associated with higher HbA1c levels. Restricted cubic splines showed nonlinear associations with HbA1c levels for vegetable protein (P (nonlinear) = 0.008) and total dietary fibre (P (nonlinear) = 0.0009). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that low intake of vegetable protein and dietary fibre are associated with worse glycaemic control in type 1 diabetes. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2016) 70, 229-236; doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.110; published online 15 July 2015, INTRODUCTION The incidence and prevalence of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) has increased by 3-4% per year in European children during the past 20 years. (1) T1DM patients have a 4-8 [...]
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- 2016
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4. Fruit and vegetable consumption and prevalence and incidence of depressive symptoms in mid-age women: results from the Australian longitudinal study on women's health
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Mihrshahi, S., Dobson, A.J., and Mishra, G.D.
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Women -- Health aspects ,Fruit -- Health aspects ,Depression, Mental -- Statistics ,Prevalence studies (Epidemiology) ,Vegetables ,Food/cooking/nutrition ,Health - Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: There is continued interest in the associations between diet and depression and several studies have focused on individual dietary factors or diet patterns to investigate the relationship. We investigated the association between fruit and vegetables and symptoms of depression in the mid-age cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 6271 women with a mean age of 55.45 (1.45 s.d.) years were followed up at three surveys over 6 years. A score of ≥ 10 on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression-10 scale indicated depressive symptoms. Fruit and vegetable intake was assessed using short questions. RESULTS: A total of 381 women (6.1%) were depressed at all three surveys over the 6-year survey period. Cross-sectional logistic regression analysis using general estimating equations showed a reduced odds of depressive symptoms (odds ratio (OR) 0.86 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79-0.95, P = 0.001)) among women who ate ≥ 2 of fruit/day even after adjustment for several factors including smoking, alcohol, body mass index, physical activity, marital status, education, energy, fish intake and comorbidities. The predictive model also showed a reduced odds of depressive symptoms (OR 0.82 (95% CI 0.70-0.96, P = 0.012)) among women who ate ≥ 2 pieces of fruit/day. There was also an association between vegetable intake and prevalence of depressive symptoms at higher levels of intake. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing fruit consumption may be one important factor for reducing both the prevalence and incidence of depressive symptoms in mid-age women. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2015) 69, 585-591; doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.222; published online 29 October 2014, INTRODUCTION It is widely recognised that fruit and vegetables have numerous health benefits. Two meta-analyses of cohort studies showed that fruit and vegetable consumption is inversely associated with the risk [...]
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- 2015
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5. Mediterranean dietary pattern and prevalence and incidence of depressive symptoms in mid-aged women: results from a large community-based prospective study
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Rienks, J., Dobson, A.J., and Mishra, G.D.
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Depression, Mental -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment -- Demographic aspects ,Prevalence studies (Epidemiology) -- Methods ,Middle aged women -- Psychological aspects -- Care and treatment -- Demographic aspects ,Food/cooking/nutrition ,Health - Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between dietary patterns and prevalence and incidence 3 years later of depressive symptoms using data from the mid-aged cohort in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Participants (aged 50-55 years) completed a food frequency questionnaire in 2001. Depressive symptoms were measured in 2001 and 2004 using the validated 10-item Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. Multiple logistic regression was used for cross-sectional analysis (8369 women) and longitudinal analysis (7588) to assess the associations between dietary patterns and prevalence of depressive symptoms, and then for longitudinal analysis (6060) on their associations with the incidence of depressive symptoms in 2004, while adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. RESULTS: Six dietary patterns were identified from factor analysis: cooked vegetables, fruit, Mediterranean style, meat and processed meat, dairy, and high fat and sugar. A higher consumption of the Mediterranean-style diet had a cross- sectional association with lower prevalence of depressive symptoms in 2001, adjusted odds ratio 0.82 (95% confidence interval 0.77-0.88); and longitudinally with lower incidence of depressive symptoms in 2004, adjusted odds ratio 0.83 (0.75-0.91). None of the associations found for other dietary patterns remained statistically significant after adjustment for confounders. A dose-response relationship was found cross-sectionally when women were grouped according to quintiles of Mediterranean-style diet (P- value for trend < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of a 'Mediterranean-style' dietary pattern by mid-aged women may have a protective influence against the onset of depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that dietary patterns have a potential role in the prevention and management of depressive symptoms. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2013) 67, 75-82; doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2012.193; published online 5 December 2012 Keywords: prospective cohort studies; depression; dietary pattern; Mediterranean diet, INTRODUCTION Depression is expected to become the world's second leading disease burden, after cardiovascular disease, by 2020. (1) People with depression report poorer quality of life, affecting their social functioning [...]
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- 2013
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6. The diabetes-fracture association in women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes is partially mediated by falls: a 15-year longitudinal study.
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Enticott J.C., Teede H.J., Mishra G.D., Ebeling P.R., Joham A.E., Thong E.P., Milat F., Enticott J.C., Teede H.J., Mishra G.D., Ebeling P.R., Joham A.E., Thong E.P., and Milat F.
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Summary: This study evaluated mediators of fracture risk in postmenopausal women with type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), over a 15-year follow-up period. This study provides evidence that the increased fracture risk in women with T1D or T2D is partially explained by falls. Furthermore, a shorter reproductive lifespan in women with T1D contributes modestly to fracture risk in this cohort. Purpose(s): Skeletal fragility is associated with diabetes mellitus, while limited estrogen exposure during the reproductive years also predisposes to lower bone mass and higher fracture risk. We aimed to determine osteoporosis diagnosis, fall and fracture rates in women with type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes mellitus, and explore mediators of the diabetes-fracture relationship. Method(s): Prospective observational data drawn from the Australian Longitudinal Study in Women's Health (ALSWH) from 1996 to 2010. Women were randomly selected from the national health insurance database. Standardized data collection occurred at six survey time points, with main outcome measures being self-reported osteoporosis, incident fracture, falls, and reproductive lifespan. Mediation analyses were performed to elucidate relevant intermediaries in the diabetes-fracture relationship. Result(s): Exactly 11,313 women were included at baseline (T1D, n = 107; T2D, n = 333; controls, n = 10,873). A total of 885 new cases of osteoporosis and 1099 incident fractures were reported over 15 years. Women with T1D or T2D reported more falls and fall-related injuries; additionally, women with T1D had a shorter reproductive lifespan. While fracture risk was increased in women with diabetes (T1D: OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.53-3.40; T2D: OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.90-3.03), compared with controls, adjustment for falls attenuated the risk of fracture by 10% and 6% in T1D and T2D, respectively. In women with T1D, reproductive lifespan modestly attenuated fracture risk by 4%. Conclusion(s): Women with T1D and T2D have an increas
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- 2021
7. Association between Reproductive Life Span and Incident Nonfatal Cardiovascular Disease: A Pooled Analysis of Individual Patient Data from 12 Studies.
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Simonsen M.K., Mishra S.R., Chung H.-F., Waller M., Dobson A.J., Greenwood D.C., Cade J.E., Giles G.G., Bruinsma F., Hardy R., Kuh D., Gold E.B., Crawford S.L., Derby C.A., Matthews K.A., Demakakos P., Lee J.S., Mizunuma H., Hayashi K., Sievert L.L., Brown D.E., Sandin S., Weiderpass E., Mishra G.D., Simonsen M.K., Mishra S.R., Chung H.-F., Waller M., Dobson A.J., Greenwood D.C., Cade J.E., Giles G.G., Bruinsma F., Hardy R., Kuh D., Gold E.B., Crawford S.L., Derby C.A., Matthews K.A., Demakakos P., Lee J.S., Mizunuma H., Hayashi K., Sievert L.L., Brown D.E., Sandin S., Weiderpass E., and Mishra G.D.
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Importance: Early menarche and early menopause are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in midlife, but little is known about the association between reproductive life span and the risk of CVD. Objective(s): To investigate the association between the length of reproductive life span and risk of incident CVD events, while also considering the timing of menarche and menopause. Design, Setting, and Participant(s): Individual-level data were pooled from 12 studies participating in the International Collaboration for a Life Course Approach to Reproductive Health and Chronic Disease Events consortium. Women provided complete information on the timing of menarche and menopause, nonfatal CVD events, and covariates. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% CIs, adjusted for covariates. The association between reproductive life span and CVD was adjusted for age at menarche and age at menopause separately. Analysis began March 2018 and ended December 2019. Exposures: Reproductive life span was calculated by subtracting age at menarche from age at menopause and categorized as younger than 30, 30 to 32, 33 to 35, 36 to 38 (reference group), 39 to 41, 42 to 44, and 45 years or older. Main Outcomes and Measures: First nonfatal CVD event, including coronary heart disease and stroke events. Result(s): A total of 307855 women were included. Overall, the mean (SD) ages at menarche, menopause, and reproductive life span were 13.0 (1.5) years, 50.2 (4.4) years, and 37.2 (4.6) years, respectively. Pooled analyses showed that women with a very short reproductive life span (<30 years) were at 1.71 (95% CI, 1.58-1.84) times higher risk of incident CVD events than women with a reproductive life span of 36 to 38 years after adjustment for covariates. This association remained unchanged when adjusted for age at menarche but was attenuated to 1.26 (95% CI, 1.09-1.46) when adjusted for age at menopause. There was a significant interact
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- 2021
8. Obesity, menstrual irregularity and polycystic ovary syndrome in young women with type 1 diabetes: A population-based study.
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Mishra G.D., Joham A.E., Teede H., Milat F., Thong E.P., Mishra G.D., Joham A.E., Teede H., Milat F., and Thong E.P.
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Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with reproductive dysfunction, particularly in the setting of poor metabolic control. Improvements in contemporary management ameliorate these problems, albeit at the cost of increased exogenous insulin and rising obesity, with emerging reproductive implications. Objective(s): To evaluate changes in body mass index (BMI) and the relationship between obesity, menstrual irregularity and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in young women with T1D, compared with controls. Method(s): Longitudinal observational study using data from the Australian Longitudinal Study in Women's Health of the cohort born in 1989-95, from 2013 to 2015. Three questionnaires administered at baseline and yearly intervals were used to evaluate self-reported menstrual irregularity, PCOS and BMI. Result(s): Overall, 15 926 women were included at baseline (T1D, n = 115; controls, n = 15 811). 61 women with T1D and 8332 controls remained at Year 2. Median BMI was higher in women with type 1 diabetes (25.5 vs 22.9 kg/m2, P <.001), where over half were overweight or obese (54.4% vs 32.9%, P <.001). Median BMI increased by 1.11 and 0.45 kg/m2, in the T1D and control groups, respectively. T1D was independently associated with an increased risk of menstrual irregularity (RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.02-1.46) and PCOS (RR 2.41, 95% CI 1.70-3.42). Obesity conferred a 4-fold increased risk of PCOS, compared to those with normal BMI (RR 3.93, 95% CI 3.51-4.42). Conclusion(s): Obesity is prevalent amongst women with T1D and may be a key contributor to the higher risk of menstrual irregularity and PCOS in this cohort, representing an important opportunity for prevention and intervention.Copyright © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
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- 2021
9. Rates, costs and determinants of lumbar spine imaging in population-based women born in 1973-1978: Data from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health.
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Cicuttini F.M., Urquhart D.M., Mishra G.D., Teede H., Doust J., Brown W.J., Wang Y., Hussain S.M., Wluka A.E., Lim Y.Z., Cicuttini F.M., Urquhart D.M., Mishra G.D., Teede H., Doust J., Brown W.J., Wang Y., Hussain S.M., Wluka A.E., and Lim Y.Z.
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Objective There are concerns that lumbar spine imaging represents low value care. Our aim was to examine the use of lumbar spine imaging [radiography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)] over 20 years, and costs and person-level characteristics of imaging in a large cohort of Australian women. Methods The Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH) is a longitudinal population-based survey of women randomly selected from national health insurance scheme (Medicare) database. This study examined 13458 women born in 1973-1978 who consented to link their ALSWH and Medical Benefits Scheme records. Self-reported data on demographics, body mass index, depression, physical and mental health, and back pain were collected in each survey performed in 1996, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2009, 2012, and 2015. Data on lumbar spine imaging from 1996 to 2015 were obtained from the Medical Benefits Scheme database. Results 38.9% of women underwent some form of lumbar spine imaging over 20 years. While radiography increased from 1996 to 2011 and decreased thereafter, CT and MRI continued to increase from 1996 to 2015. In women with self-reported back pain, depression and poorer physical health were associated with imaging, with no significant differences in types of imaging. Based on imaging rates in ALSWH, the estimated costs for Australian women aged 30-39 years were AU$51,735,649 over 2011-2015. Conclusions Lumbar spine imaging was common in population-based Australian women, with rates increasing over 20 years. Depression and poor physical health were associated with lumbar spine imaging. Raising awareness of this in clinicians is likely to result in significant cost savings if clinical guidelines are followed, with the potential of freeing resources for high value care and health outcomes.Copyright © 2020 Wang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, dist
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- 2021
10. Major dietary patterns of young and middle aged women: results from a prospective Australian cohort study
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Mishra, G.D., McNaughton, S.A., Ball, K., Brown, W.J., Giles, G.G., and Dobson, A.J.
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Young women -- Food and nutrition ,Middle aged women -- Food and nutrition ,Food/cooking/nutrition ,Health - Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the major dietary patterns of two age cohorts of women, to determine to the extent to which the dietary patterns differ between the cohorts and to assess whether they vary according to sociodemographic and behavioural characteristics and patterns of nutrient intake. Method: Dietary intake was assessed using an 80-item food frequency questionnaire for women aged 50-55 years (n = 10150; 'middle age') in 2001 and aged 25-30 years (n = 7371; 'young') in 2003, from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Factor analysis using principal component extraction was used to identify dietary patterns, and a pattern score was calculated from the consumption of the food items identified with each dietary pattern. Associations between the dietary pattern scores and sociodemographic and behavioural characteristics and nutrient intakes were investigated using regression analysis. Results: Six dietary patterns were identified and were labelled: cooked vegetables; fruit; Mediterranean-style; processed meat, meat and takeaway; reduced fat dairy; and high-fat and sugar foods. Regression analysis revealed that healthier dietary patterns were significantly associated with other favourable health-related behaviours, higher socioeconomic status and living in urban areas (P-values Conclusions: In spite of differences in the level of consumption of individual food items, the similarity in dietary patterns across two generations of women suggests that policies and interventions to improve diet should focus on social and economic factors and general health-related behaviour rather than different age groups. European journal of Clinical Nutrition (2010) 64, 1125-1133; doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.121; published online 4 August 2010 Keywords: dietary patterns; Australian diet; food frequency questionnaire; factor analysis; health-related behaviours, Introduction In the last decade, an increasing number of researchers has used dietary patterns to characterize the population's diet (Hu et al., 1999; Pryer et al., 2001; Mishra et al., [...]
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- 2010
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11. Dietary patterns, assessed from a weighed food record, and survival among elderly participants from the United Kingdom
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Hamer, M., McNaughton, S.A., Bates, C.J., and Mishra, G.D.
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Nutrition -- Product/Service Evaluations ,Aged -- Food and nutrition -- Health aspects -- Surveys ,Longevity -- Research -- Health aspects -- Methods -- Surveys ,Food habits -- Surveys -- Health aspects -- Research -- Methods - Abstract
Background/Objectives: There is variability in the association between dietary intake and health outcomes across different countries, especially among the elderly. We used the gold standard dietary assessment method, a weighed food record, to examine the association between dietary pattern and mortality in a representative sample of community dwelling participants from Great Britain aged 65 years and older. Subjects/Methods: Dietary intake was recorded at baseline in 1017 elderly participants (520 men, 497 women, mean age 76.3 [+ or -] 7.4 years). Exploratory factor analysis was performed to examine dietary patterns and participants were followed up over an average of 9.2 years for mortality. Results: The factor analysis revealed four interpretable principal components accounting for approximately 9.8% of the total variance, with similar patterns across sex. A 'Mediterranean-style' dietary pattern explained the greatest proportion of the variance (3.7%), followed by 'health-aware' (2.2%), 'traditional' (2.0%) and 'sweet and fat' (1.9%) factors. There were a total of 683 deaths through follow-up. After adjustment for potential confounders, only the Mediterranean-style dietary pattern remained associated with mortality (highest vs lowest tertile; hazard ratio = 0.82, 95% CI, 0.68-1.00). The benefits of the Mediterranean-style diet were only observed among women (hazard ratio = 0.71, 95% CI 0.52-0.96) although in men the traditional diet was a risk factor for mortality (hazard ratio = 1.30, 95% CI 1.00-1.71). Conclusions: Using a gold standard approach, our results confirm previous evidence that dietary patterns are important in longevity among the elderly. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2010) 64, 853-861; doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.93; published online 2 June 2010 Keywords: ageing; dietary pattern; longevity; nutritional epidemiology, Introduction Dietary patterns have been associated with various disease risk markers (Lopez-Garcia et al., 2004;Nettleton et al., 2006; Fargnoli et al., 2008) and clinical end points such as incident coronary [...]
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- 2010
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12. Type of menopause, age of menopause and variations in the risk of incident cardiovascular disease: Pooled analysis of individual data from 10 international studies.
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Mishra G.D., Giles G.G., Bruinsma F., Demakakos P., Simonsen M.K., Sandin S., Weiderpass E., Zhu D., Chung H.-F., Dobson A.J., Pandeya N., Brunner E.J., Kuh D., Greenwood D.C., Hardy R., Cade J.E., Mishra G.D., Giles G.G., Bruinsma F., Demakakos P., Simonsen M.K., Sandin S., Weiderpass E., Zhu D., Chung H.-F., Dobson A.J., Pandeya N., Brunner E.J., Kuh D., Greenwood D.C., Hardy R., and Cade J.E.
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STUDY QUESTION: How does the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) vary with type and age of menopause? SUMMARY ANSWER: Earlier surgical menopause (e.g. <45 years) poses additional increased risk of incident CVD events, compared to women with natural menopause at the same age, and HRT use reduced the risk of CVD in women with early surgical menopause. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Earlier age at menopause has been linked to an increased risk of CVD mortality and all-cause mortality, but the extent that this risk of CVD varies by type of menopause and the role of postmenopausal HRT use in reducing this risk is unclear. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: Pooled individual-level data of 203 767 postmenopausal women from 10 observational studies that contribute to the International collaboration for a Life course Approach to reproductive health and Chronic disease Events (InterLACE) consortium were included in the analysis. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Postmenopausal women who had reported menopause (type and age of menopause) and information on non-fatal CVD events were included. Type of menopause (natural menopause and surgical menopause) and age at menopause (categorised as <35, 35-39, 40-44, 45-49, 50-54 and >=55 years) were exposures of interest. Natural menopause was defined as absence of menstruation over a period of 12 months (no hysterectomy and/or oophorectomy) and surgical menopause as removal of both ovaries. The study outcome was the first non-fatal CVD (defined as either incident coronary heart disease (CHD) or stroke) event ascertained from hospital medical records or self-reported. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CI for non-fatal CVD events associated with natural menopause and surgical menopause. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: Compared with natural menopause, surgical menopause was associated with over 20% higher risk of CVD (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.16-1.28). After the stratified analysis by age at menopau
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- 2020
13. Postpartum diet quality: A cross-sectional analysis from the australian longitudinal study on women's health.
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Moran L.J., Harrison C.L., Martin J.C., Joham A.E., Mishra G.D., Hodge A.M., Moran L.J., Harrison C.L., Martin J.C., Joham A.E., Mishra G.D., and Hodge A.M.
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Reproductive-aged women are at high risk of developing obesity, and diet quality is a potential modifiable risk factor. There is limited research exploring diet quality and its association with time since childbirth. Using data from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH) survey 5 (2009) of women born between 1973-1978, who reported having previously given birth, we investigated the association between time since childbirth and diet quality, and differences in energy, macronutrients, micronutrient intake, and diet quality assessed by the dietary guideline index (DGI) in women stratified by time from last childbirth, early (0-6 months; n = 558) and late (7-12 months; n = 547), and all other women with children (>12 months post childbirth n = 3434). From this cohort, 8200 participants were eligible, of which 4539 participants completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and were included in this analysis. Overall, diet quality was higher in early and late postpartum women (mean DGI score 89.8 (SD 10.5) and mean DGI score 90.0 (SD 10.2), respectively) compared to all other women with children (>12 months post childbirth), mean DGI score 85.2 (SD 11.7), p < 0.001. Factors positively associated with diet quality included higher education, physical activity, health provider support, and vitamin and/or mineral supplement use. Conversely, increasing time from childbirth (>12 months), smoking compared with non-smoking and medium income level compared with no income was negatively associated with diet quality. A lower diet quality in women greater than 12 months post childbirth may be reflective of increased pressures, balancing childrearing and return to work responsibilities. This highlights the need to support women beyond the postpartum period to improve modifiable factors associated with weight gain, including diet quality, to optimize health and reduce chronic disease risk.Copyright © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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- 2020
14. In a population study, can parathyroid hormone aid the definition of adequate vitamin D status? A study of people aged 65 years and over from the British National Diet and Nutrition Survey
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Bates, C.J., Carter, G.D., Mishra, G.D., O'Shea, D., Jones, J., and Prentice, A.
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Nutrition surveys -- Analysis ,Alfacalcidol -- Health aspects ,Calcifediol -- Health aspects ,Vitamin D -- Health aspects ,Aged -- Food and nutrition ,Aged -- Health aspects ,Function tests (Medicine) -- Usage ,Function tests (Medicine) -- Evaluation ,Winter -- Health aspects ,Health - Abstract
Byline: C. J. Bates (1), G. D. Carter (2), G. D. Mishra (1), D. O'Shea (3), J. Jones (4), A. Prentice (1) Keywords: British Elderly Parathyroid hormone Season Survey 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Abstract: The British National Diet and Nutrition Survey of people aged 65 years and over in 1994--5 provided nationally representative estimates of food and nutrient intakes and biochemical status indices. In a further analysis study, parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations were measured in plasma samples from 773 subjects and were analyzed with the existing data on vitamin D intake, plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), total plasma calcium and albumin. As predicted, a strong inverse relationship was observed between PTH and 25OHD. In the free-living respondents aged 65--84 years (n=507) there was a continuous decline in PTH with increasing 25OHD and no plateau, whereas in free-living people aged 85+ years (n=86) there was a significant deviation from a simple inverse relationship, with unexpectedly high PTH values in some people with satisfactory 25OHD status. There was a relationship between both PTH (inverse) and plasma 25OHD (direct) with calcium intake. A direct relationship between 25OHD and total plasma calcium was not significant when calcium was corrected for albumin. Geographically, 25OHD, and to a lesser extent PTH, exhibited a north--south gradient, and 25OHD was associated with self-reported health status. Both 25OHD and PTH were associated with self-reported physical activity. Low calcium intake and 25OHD was associated with receipt of state benefits. The relationship between plasma 25OHD and vitamin D intake revealed a striking seasonal cycle. 25OHD was strongly influenced by vitamin D intake in the winter in free-living subjects, but this was not observed in the summer. In people living in institutions such as nursing homes, who are less likely to be exposed to sunlight throughout the year, plasma 25OHD levels were lower throughout the year. Author Affiliation: (1) Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, CB1 9NL, Cambridge, UK (2) Chemical Pathology Department, Imperial College School of Medicine, Charing Cross Campus, London, UK (3) Department of Investigative Endocrinology, St Vincent's Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland (4) Endocrine Laboratory, Charing Cross Hospital, Fulham Palace Road, W6 8RF, London, UK Article History: Received Date: 19/03/2002 Accepted Date: 07/10/2002 Article note: Electronic Publication
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- 2003
15. Demographic, psychosocial factors, musculoskeletal pain and prescription opioid use in community-based middle-aged women - a prospective cohort study
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Hussain, S., primary, Wang, Y., additional, Peeters, G., additional, Wluka, A.E., additional, Mishra, G.D., additional, Teede, H., additional, Urquhart, D., additional, Brown, W.J., additional, and Cicuttini, F.M., additional
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- 2020
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16. Vasomotor menopausal symptoms and cardiovascular disease risk in midlife: A longitudinal study
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Dam, V., primary, Dobson, A.J., additional, Onland-Moret, N.C., additional, van der Schouw, Y.T., additional, and Mishra, G.D., additional
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- 2020
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17. Patterns in trouble sleeping among women at mid-life: results from a British prospective cohort study
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Tom, S.E., Kuh, D., Guralnik, J.M., and Mishra, G.D.
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Women -- Health aspects ,Sleep disorders -- Health aspects ,Sleep disorders -- Demographic aspects ,Health ,Social sciences - Published
- 2009
18. Age at birth of first child and coronary heart disease risk factors at age 53 years in men and women: British birth cohort study
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Hardy, R., Lawlor, D.A., Black, S., Mishra, G.D., and Kuh, D.
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Coronary heart disease -- Risk factors ,Coronary heart disease -- Demographic aspects ,Coronary heart disease -- Research ,Parenthood -- Health aspects ,Parenthood -- Research ,Health ,Social sciences - Published
- 2009
19. Childhood experiences of parenting and age at menarche, age at menopause and duration of reproductive lifespan: Evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
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Demakakos, P. Pashayan, N. Chrousos, G. Linara-Demakakou, E. Mishra, G.D.
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Objectives: The parent-child relationship is critical for human development, yet little is known about its association with offsprings’ reproductive health outside the context of abuse and neglect. We investigated whether childhood experiences of poor-quality parenting (characterized as decreased parental care and increased parental overprotection) are associated with women's reproductive timing and lifespan. Study design: Observational study of 2383 women aged 55–89 years in 2007 from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Multinomial logistic regression models were estimated. Main outcome measures: Self-reported ages at menarche and menopause and duration of reproductive lifespan. Results: Increasing maternal and paternal overprotection were associated with later menarche (≥16 years) after adjustment for age and childhood socioeconomic position (relative risk ratio (RRR) 1.11, 95% CI 1.02–1.21 and 1.11, 95% CI 1.01–1.21, respectively, per unit increase in the predictor). Increasing parental overprotection and decreasing paternal care were associated with earlier menarche (≤10 years). However, these associations were marginally non-significant. Maternal and paternal overprotection were also inversely associated with age at natural menopause after adjustment for age, childhood socioeconomic position and age at menarche (p value for linear trend = 0.041 and 0.004, respectively). Further, increasing paternal overprotection was associated with a shorter reproductive lifespan (≤33 years) (RRR 1.09 (1.01–1.18), per unit increase in the predictor) after adjustment for age and childhood socioeconomic position. Adjustment for additional childhood and adult factors did not explain these associations. Conclusions: Women who experienced poor-quality parenting in childhood, especially increased levels of parental overprotection, might be at increased risk of an unfavourable reproductive health profile that is characterized by late or early menarche, premature menopause and a shorter reproductive lifespan. © 2019 The Authors
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- 2019
20. EMAS position statement: Predictors of premature and early natural menopause
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Mishra, G.D. Chung, H.-F. Cano, A. Chedraui, P. Goulis, D.G. Lopes, P. Mueck, A. Rees, M. Senturk, L.M. Simoncini, T. Stevenson, J.C. Stute, P. Tuomikoski, P. Lambrinoudaki, I.
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Introduction: While the associations of genetic, reproductive and environmental factors with the timing of natural menopause have been extensively investigated, few epidemiological studies have specifically examined their association with premature (
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- 2019
21. Characterisation of smoking behaviour across the life course and its impact on decline in lung function and all-cause mortality: evidence from a British birth cohort
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Clennell, S., Kuh, D., Guralnik, J.M., Patel, K.V., and Mishra, G.D.
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Smoking -- Health aspects ,Lung diseases -- Risk factors ,Lung diseases -- Prognosis ,Mortality -- England ,Mortality -- Risk factors ,Health ,Social sciences - Published
- 2008
22. The role of offspring’s birthweight on the association between pre-pregnancy obesity and offspring’s childhood anthropometrics: a mediation analysis
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Adane, A.A., Tooth, L.R., Mishra, G.D., Adane, A.A., Tooth, L.R., and Mishra, G.D.
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While birthweight of offspring is associated with pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and later risk of obesity, its mediating effect between the association of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and offspring’s childhood anthropometrics has rarely been investigated. This study aimed to examine whether offspring birthweight is a mediator in the association between pre-pregnancy BMI and offspring’s childhood anthropometrics. The study included 1,618 mother–child pairs from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health and Mothers and their Children’s Health Study. Children’s anthropometrics [mean age 8.6 (s.d. =3.0) years] were calculated from the mothers’ self-reported child weight and height measures. G-computation was used to estimate the natural direct and indirect (via birthweight) effects of pre-pregnancy BMI. In the fully adjusted model for maternal sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, the natural direct effects of pre-pregnancy obesity on child BMI-for-age, height-for-age, weight-for-age and weight-for-height outcomes were, β (95% confidence interval, CI), 0.75 (0.55, 0.95), 0.13 (−0.07, 0.32), 0.62 (0.44, 0.80) and 0.57 (0.24, 0.90), respectively. The corresponding natural indirect effects were 0.04 (−0.04, 0.12), −0.01 (−0.09, 0.07), −0.01 (−0.08, 0.07) and 0.09 (−0.05, 0.23). Similar results were observed for pre-pregnancy overweight and pre-pregnancy BMI as a continuous scale. Most of the effect of pre-pregnancy obesity on childhood weight-related anthropometric outcomes appears to be via a direct effect, not mediated through offspring’s birthweight.
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- 2019
23. Maternal preconception weight trajectories, pregnancy complications and offspring’s childhood physical and cognitive development
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Adane, A.A., Mishra, G.D., Tooth, L.R., Adane, A.A., Mishra, G.D., and Tooth, L.R.
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There is limited evidence on the association between maternal preconception body mass index (BMI) trajectories and pregnancy complications and child development. This study examined the relationships of maternal BMI trajectories, diabetes and hypertensive disorders during pregnancy and offspring’s childhood physical and cognitive development. Data were from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health and the Mothers and their Children’s Health study (n=771). Women’s preconception BMI trajectories were identified using group-based trajectory modelling. Children’s physical and cognitive development (up to the average age of 5 years) were obtained from the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (suspected gross motor delay) and the Australian Early Development Census (AEDC). Generalized estimating equation models, adjusted for maternal sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, were used for analyses. Three distinct BMI trajectories were identified (normative, chronically overweight and chronically obese). Children born to chronically obese women were more likely to be classified as developmentally vulnerable/at-risk on AEDC domains; gross and fine motor skills [risk ratio (RR)=1.64, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 2.61] and communication skills and general knowledge (RR=1.71, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.68). They also had an elevated risk of suspected gross motor delay (RR=2.62, 95% CI: 1.26, 5.44) compared with children born to women with a normative BMI trajectory. Maternal diabetes or hypertensive disorders during pregnancy were not associated with child outcomes. Maternal preconception BMI trajectories were associated with poorer childhood development. This study finding underscores the importance of excessive weight gain prevention throughout the reproductive stage of life.
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- 2018
24. Maternal preconception weight trajectories are associated with offsprings’ childhood obesity
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Adane, A.A., Dobson, A., Tooth, L., Mishra, G.D., Adane, A.A., Dobson, A., Tooth, L., and Mishra, G.D.
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Objectives This study aimed to examine the associations between (1) mothers’ preconception body mass index (BMI) trajectories over 6–7 years and offspring childhood BMI, and (2) mothers’ BMI changes between first and second pregnancy and the second-born child’s BMI. Methods We used data (1606 mothers with 2733 children with mean age 7.7 years, SD 2.9) from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health and the Mothers and their Children’s Health study. Preconception BMI trajectories were identified using latent class growth modeling. Children were categorized as underweight, normal, overweight or obese based on age and sex-specific BMI cut-off points for children. Multinomial and binary logistic regression were used for analyses. Results We identified three preconception BMI trajectories, named as ‘normative’ (61.2%), ‘chronically overweight’ (30.7%), and ‘chronically obese’ (8.1%). Children born to ‘chronically overweight’ and ‘chronically obese’ mothers were more likely to be overweight than normal weight relative to children born to women with a ‘normative’ BMI trajectory. The corresponding adjusted relative risk ratios (RRRs) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of childhood overweight were 1.75 (1.33, 2.31) for chronically overweight mothers and 2.48 (1.65, 3.73) for chronically obese mothers. Similarly, we found a much stronger association between ‘chronically overweight’ and ‘chronically obese’ BMI trajectories and childhood risk of obesity; RRR (95% CI), 2.49 (1.41, 4.40) and 6.65 (3.40, 13.01), respectively. Second-born children of mothers with high interpregnancy weight gain (≥4 BMI units) were also at higher risk of being overweight or obese (OR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.02, 4.75) compared with children of mothers with stable interpregnancy weight (gain or loss of 1 BMI unit or less). Conclusions In this population-based prospective cohort study, we found strong dose-response associations between preconception BMI trajectories and offsprings’ childhood BMI.
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- 2018
25. Robust estimation in the logistic regression model
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Kordzakhia, N., Mishra, G.D., and Reiersølmoen, L.
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- 2001
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26. Pre-pregnancy weight change and incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus: A finding from a prospective cohort study
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Adane, A.A., Tooth, L.R., Mishra, G.D., Adane, A.A., Tooth, L.R., and Mishra, G.D.
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Aims In a population-based cohort study we examined the associations between early adult pre-pregnancy weight change and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods The study included 3111 women from the 1973–78 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health. These women have been surveyed regularly since 1996. Women without diabetes and GDM were followed-up between 2003 and 2012. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess the effect of baseline (1996, mean age 20 years) and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and the pre-pregnancy weight changes on the incidence of GDM. The full models were adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Results From 2003 to 2012, 229 GDM cases (4.4%) were reported in 5242 pregnancies. Relative to normal BMI women, obese women at baseline (RR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.8) and prior to pregnancy (RR: 2.7, 95% CI: 2.0, 3.6) were at greater risk of GDM. Weight gains prior to each study pregnancy were strongly associated with increased GDM risk with an adjusted RR ranging from 2.0 to 2.9. Within under/normal range of BMI, women with a moderate/high (>2.5%/year) weight gain had 2.7 (95% CI: 1.3, 5.5) times the risk of GDM compared with women with stable weight. Conclusions Early adult weight gain, even within normal BMI range, is an important risk factor for the development of GDM. Weight gain prevention from early adulthood to prior to pregnancy appears to be the main strategy to prevent the incidence of GDM.
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- 2017
27. Adult pre-pregnancy weight change and risk of developing hypertensive disorders in pregnancy
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Adane, A.A., Mishra, G.D., Tooth, L.R., Adane, A.A., Mishra, G.D., and Tooth, L.R.
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Background While the association of pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) is well documented, little is known about the relationship between pre‐pregnancy weight change and HDP. We examined the impact of adult pre‐pregnancy weight change on the development of HDP. Methods We included 2914 women, surveyed about every three years since 1996, from the 1973–78 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Women without hypertension or HDP were followed‐up between 2003 and 2012. Generalised estimating equations were used to assess the effect of baseline BMI (mean age 20 years) and pre‐pregnancy weight change on the incidence of HDP. Results Over 9 years of follow up, 301 incident HDP cases (6.3%) were reported from 4813 pregnancies. Overweight and obese women at the baseline survey were 1.67 (95% CI 1.3, 2.2) and 2.15 (95% CI 1.4, 3.3) times more likely to develop HDP than normal weight women, respectively. Compared with stable weight women, women with small (>1.5–2.5%) or moderate/high (>2.5%) annual weight gain had elevated risk of HDP (RR 1.67 95% CI 1.3, 2.2; RR 2.31, 95% CI 1.8, 3.0, respectively). Women who reported annual weight loss (>1.5%) between baseline and the average age of 24 years were 46% (95% CI 0.4, 0.8) less likely to develop HDP. Conclusions Pre‐pregnancy weight gain is associated with an increased risk of HDP, whereas early adult weight loss is associated with lower risk of HDP.
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- 2017
28. A pro-inflammatory diet is associated with increased risk of developing hypertension among middle-aged women
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Vissers, L.E.T., primary, Waller, M., additional, van der Schouw, Y.T., additional, Hébert, J.R., additional, Shivappa, N., additional, Schoenaker, D.A.J.M., additional, and Mishra, G.D., additional
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- 2017
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29. Protective effect of hormone therapy among women with hysterectomy/oophorectomy
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Chen, L., primary, Mishra, G.D., additional, Dobson, A.J., additional, Wilson, L.F., additional, and Jones, M.A., additional
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- 2017
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30. Menopause
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Davis, S.R. Lambrinoudaki, I. Lumsden, M. Mishra, G.D. Pal, L. Rees, M. Santoro, N. Simoncini, T.
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Menopause is an inevitable component of ageing and encompasses the loss of ovarian reproductive function, either occurring spontaneously or secondary to other conditions. It is not yet possible to accurately predict the onset of menopause, especially early menopause, to give women improved control of their fertility. The decline in ovarian oestrogen production at menopause can cause physical symptoms that may be debilitating, including hot flushes and night sweats, urogenital atrophy, sexual dysfunction, mood changes, bone loss, and metabolic changes that predispose to cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The individual experience of the menopause transition varies widely. Important influential factors include the age at which menopause occurs, personal health and wellbeing, and each woman's environment and culture. Management options range from lifestyle assessment and intervention through to hormonal and non-hormonal pharmacotherapy, each of which has specific benefits and risks. Decisions about therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women depend on symptomatology, health status, immediate and long-term health risks, personal life expectations, and the availability and cost of therapies. More effective and safe therapies for the management of menopausal symptoms need to be developed, particularly for women who have absolute contraindications to hormone therapy. For an illustrated summary of this Primer, visit: http://go.nature.com/BjvJVX. © 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2015
31. Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity and childhood physical and cognitive development of children: A systematic review
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Adane, A.A., Mishra, G.D., Tooth, L.R., Adane, A.A., Mishra, G.D., and Tooth, L.R.
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Objective: Maternal obesity, usually associated with the adverse birth outcomes, has been a serious public health concern. Studies examining its effect on the physical and cognitive development of children have only recently emerged and the findings are inconsistent. This review aimed to systematically examine the role of maternal obesity on children’s physical and cognitive development using the available evidence. Methods: The CINAHL, EMBASE, PSYCINFO, PUBMED and SCOPUS databases were searched. Studies addressing children’s (⩽12 years) physical and cognitive development as outcome and maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index as an exposure were included. Data were extracted and evaluated for quality by two independent reviewers. Results: A total of 17 articles were eligible for this systematic review; 10 of them were birth cohorts from the USA. Nine of the 14 studies supported an adverse association between maternal pre-pregnancy obesity and childhood cognitive development. A few studies also demonstrated a negative association between the maternal obesity and gross motor function in children (5 of 10), but not with fine motor function (none out of five studies). Whether the observed negative association between the maternal obesity and children’s cognitive and gross motor abilities is casual or due to residual confounding effects is unclear. The current evidence is based on a limited number of studies with heterogeneous measurement scales and obesity definition. Conclusions: From the available evidence, it seems that exposure to maternal pre-pregnancy obesity in the intrauterine environment has a detrimental effect on children’s cognitive development. However, evidence of the association between the maternal obesity and physical development of children is too scarce to offer a conclusion. More research work is required to delineate the intrauterine effect of the maternal obesity from the residual confounding effects.
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- 2016
32. Diabetes in pregnancy and childhood cognitive development: A systematic review
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Adane, A.A., Mishra, G.D., Tooth, L.R., Adane, A.A., Mishra, G.D., and Tooth, L.R.
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CONTEXT: The effect of diabetes during pregnancy on the cognitive development of offspring is unclear because of inconsistent findings from limited studies. OBJECTIVE: This review was aimed to provide the best available scientific evidence on the associations between maternal pregnancy diabetes and the cognitive development of offspring. DATA SOURCES: A search was conducted in the Embase, CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases. STUDY SELECTION: Studies addressing the cognitive development of offspring (aged ≤12 years) as outcome and any diabetes in pregnancy as an exposure were included. DATA EXTRACTION: Data were extracted and evaluated for quality by 2 independent reviewers. RESULTS: Fourteen articles were eligible for the review. Ten studies investigated the associations between maternal pregestational diabetes or both pregestational and gestational diabetes and offspring’s cognitive development; 6 studies found at least 1 negative association. Four studies exclusively examined the relationships between gestational diabetes and offspring’s cognitive development; 2 studies found a negative association, 1 a positive association, and 1 a null association. The use of diverse cognitive and diabetes assessment tools/criteria, as well as statistical power, contributed to the inconsistent findings. LIMITATIONS: The English-language restriction and publication bias in the included studies are potential limitations. CONCLUSIONS: Although there are few data available regarding the associations between maternal pregnancy diabetes and offspring’s cognitive development, this review found that maternal diabetes during pregnancy seems to be negatively associated with offspring’s cognitive development. Large prospective studies that address potential confounders are needed to confirm the independent effect of maternal diabetes during pregnancy.
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- 2016
33. Young women's psychological distress after a diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome or endometriosis.
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Lucke J., Rowlands I.J., Teede H., Mishra G.D., Dobson A.J., Lucke J., Rowlands I.J., Teede H., Mishra G.D., and Dobson A.J.
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Study question: Do young women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or endometriosis report more psychological distress than their peers without a history of these conditions? summaryanswer: Youngwomen(aged 18-23 years) withPCOSor endometriosis had a greater risk ofmoderate to severe psychological distress than women without a history of these conditions. what is known already: Psychological distress appears common among women with PCOS and endometriosis. However, population- based studies that examine the psychological outcomes for adolescents and young women are generally absent from the literature. study design, size, duration: This is a secondary analysis of data collected from 17 015 young, Australian women participating in a national, longitudinal cohort study.Womenwere first surveyed in 2012-2013 when they were aged 18-23 years. In 2014,womencompleted the second survey when they were aged 19-24 years and 11324 (67%) women responded. participants/materials, setting, methods:We analysed data from11 238 women who participated in both Surveys 1 and 2 and who responded to questions about PCOS and endometriosis. Using logistic regression, we compared the odds of moderate to severe psychological distress at Surveys 1 and 2 for women reporting a recent diagnosis (within the last 12 months) of PCOS or endometriosis and women with a pre-existing diagnosis, with that for women without a history of these conditions. main results and the role of chance: At Survey 2, around 60% of women reporting a diagnosis of PCOSor endometriosis had moderate to severe levels of psychological distress. Compared to women without a history of these conditions, the odds of moderate to severe psychological distress at Survey 2 were significantly higher for women recently diagnosed with PCOS [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.21-2.18] or endometriosis (AOR= 1.77; 95% CI = 1.20-2.63) and for women with a pre-existing diagnosis of PCOS (AOR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.30-1.89) or endometrios
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- 2016
34. The role of energy, nutrients, foods and dietary patterns in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of observational studies
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Schoenaker, D.A.J.M., Mishra, G.D., Callaway, L.K., Soedamah-Muthu, S.S., Schoenaker, D.A.J.M., Mishra, G.D., Callaway, L.K., and Soedamah-Muthu, S.S.
- Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diet may influence the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but inconsistent findings have been reported. The purpose of this study was to synthesize evidence from observational studies on the associations between dietary factors and GDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Medline and Embase were searched for articles published until January 2015. We included observational studies of reproductive-aged women that reported on associations of maternal dietary intake before or during pregnancy, including energy, nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns, with GDM. All relevant results were extracted from each article. The number of comparable studies that adjusted for confounders was insufficient to perform a meta-analysis. RESULTS The systematic review included 34 articles comprising 21 individual studies (10 prospective cohort, 6 cross-sectional, and 5 case-control). A limited number of prospective cohort studies adjusting for confounders indicated associations with a higher risk of GDM for replacing 1–5% of energy from carbohydrates with fat and for high consumption of cholesterol (≥300 mg/day), heme iron (≥1.1 mg/day), red and processed meat (increment of 1 serving/day), and eggs (≥7 per week). A dietary pattern rich in fruit, vegetables, whole grains, and fish and low in red and processed meat, refined grains, and high-fat dairy was found to be beneficial. The current evidence is based on a limited number of studies that are heterogeneous in design, exposure, and outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS The findings support current dietary guidelines to limit consumption of foods containing saturated fat and cholesterol, such as processed meat and eggs, as part of an overall balanced diet. Further large prospective studies are warranted.
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- 2016
35. Young women's psychological distress after a diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome or endometriosis
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Rowlands, I.J., primary, Teede, H., additional, Lucke, J., additional, Dobson, A.J., additional, and Mishra, G.D., additional
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- 2016
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36. The association of a mediterranean-style diet pattern with polycystic ovary syndrome status in a community cohort study.
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Teede H.J., Moran L.J., Grieger J.A., Mishra G.D., Teede H.J., Moran L.J., Grieger J.A., and Mishra G.D.
- Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition in reproductive-aged women. While lifestyle management is first-line treatment in PCOS, the dietary intake of women with PCOS is unclear and there is no research assessing dietary patterns of women with and without PCOS. The aim of this study was to examine dietary patterns in a large cohort of women with and without PCOS. Data were from 7569 participants in the 1973-1978 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health population assessed at 2009 (Survey 5) (n = 414 PCOS, n = 7155 non-PCOS). Dietary patterns were evaluated using factor analysis and multiple logistic regressions assessed their associations with PCOS status. Three dietary patterns were identified that explained 27% of the variance in food intake between women with and without PCOS: Non-core foods; Meats and take-away and Mediterranean-style. The Mediterranean-style dietary pattern was independently associated with PCOS status. On adjusted analysis for each 1 SD increase in the Mediterranean-style dietary pattern, there was a 26% greater likelihood that women had PCOS. This may indicate an improvement in the quality of dietary intake following a diagnosis of PCOS. Future research should examine the contribution of dietary patterns to the incidence and severity of PCOS and the potential for modification of dietary patterns in the lifestyle management of PCOS.Copyright © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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- 2015
37. Pre-pregnancy dietary patterns and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: results from an Australian population-based prospective cohort study
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Schoenaker, D.A.J.M., Soedamah-Muthu, S.S., Callaway, L.K., Mishra, G.D., Schoenaker, D.A.J.M., Soedamah-Muthu, S.S., Callaway, L.K., and Mishra, G.D.
- Abstract
Aims/hypothesis - We examined the associations between pre-pregnancy dietary patterns and the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a population-based cohort study of women of reproductive age. Methods - The Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health included 3,853 women without pre-existing diabetes who were followed-up between 2003 and 2012. Pre-pregnancy dietary patterns were derived using factor analysis based on 101 food items from a validated food frequency questionnaire. GDM was self-reported and validated in a subsample. Multivariable regression models with generalised estimating equations were used to estimate RR and 95% CI. Results - During 9 years follow-up, 292 GDM cases (4.4%) were documented in 6,626 pregnancies. No associations were found for the ‘Fruit and low-fat dairy’ and ‘Cooked vegetables’ patterns. The ‘Meats, snacks and sweets’ pattern was associated with higher GDM risk after adjustment for socioeconomic, reproductive and lifestyle factors (RR [95% CI] per SD increase in score: 1.38 [1.02, 1.86]). Further adjustment for BMI attenuated the results (1.35 [0.98, 1.81]). In stratified analysis, the ‘Meats, snacks and sweets’ pattern was associated with significantly higher GDM risk in parous and obese women, and in women with lower educational qualifications. The ‘Mediterranean-style’ pattern was associated with lower GDM risk in the fully adjusted model (0.85 [0.76, 0.98]). Conclusions/interpretation - These findings support general dietary recommendations for women of reproductive age to consume a diet rich in vegetables, whole grains, nuts and fish, and low in red and processed meats and snacks. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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- 2015
38. The association between dietary factors and gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
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Schoenaker, D.A.J.M., Soedamah-Muthu, S.S., Mishra, G.D., Schoenaker, D.A.J.M., Soedamah-Muthu, S.S., and Mishra, G.D.
- Abstract
Background Dietary factors have been suggested to play a role in the prevention of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), including gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia, but inconsistent findings have been reported. A systematic review and meta-analyses were performed to synthesize evidence from observational studies of reproductive-aged women on the association between dietary factors and HDP. Methods MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched to identify studies published until the end of May 2014. Studies were included if they were observational studies of reproductive-age women and reported results on dietary factors (energy, nutrients, foods or overall dietary patterns, alone or in combination with dietary supplements) and gestational hypertension and/or pre-eclampsia. Studies were excluded if they reported on supplements not in combination with dietary intake, or examined a biomarker of dietary intake. Random effects meta-analyses were performed on calculated weighted mean differences (WMD) of dietary intake between cases and non-cases, and effect estimates were pooled. Results In total, 23 cohort and 15 case–control studies were identified for systematic review, of which 16 could be included in the meta-analyses. Based on meta-analyses of cohort studies, unadjusted energy intake was higher for pre-eclampsia cases (WMD 46 kcal/day, 95% confidence interval (CI) -13.80 to 106.23; I2¿=¿23.9%, P¿=¿0.26), although this was not statistically significant. Unadjusted intakes of magnesium (WMD 8 mg/day, 95% CI -13.99 to -1.38; I2¿=¿0.0%, P¿=¿0.41) and calcium (WMD 44 mg/day, 95% CI -84.31 to -3.62, I2¿=¿51.1%, P¿=¿0.03) were lower for the HDP cases, compared with pregnant women without HDP. Higher calcium intake consistently showed lower odds for HDP after adjustment for confounding factors (OR¿=¿0.76, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.01, I2¿=¿0.0%, P¿=¿0.79). A few studies examining foods and dietary patterns suggested a beneficial effect of a diet rich in fruit and vegetables on pre
- Published
- 2014
39. Maternal pelvic size not predictive of daughter's breast cancer or ovarian cancer in a large Swedish cohort
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Goodman, Anna, Mishra, G.D., Silva Idos, S., Koupil, Ilona, Goodman, Anna, Mishra, G.D., Silva Idos, S., and Koupil, Ilona
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Recent studies from Finland reported that maternal pelvic size predicted daughters' breast and ovarian cancer, possibly because maternal pelvic size is a marker for in utero hormone exposure. We sought to replicate this association in 3,845 women born between 1915 and 1929 in Uppsala, Sweden, and followed from 1960 to 2002. Archived obstetric records provided the standard measures of maternal pelvic size (intercristal distance, interspinous distance, the intercristal-interspinous difference, and the external conjugate distance). The Swedish Cancer Registry ascertained cancer incidence, with 273 cohort members developing primary breast cancer, and 52 developing primary ovarian cancer during the follow-up period. There was no evidence (P > 0.1) of an association between any measure of maternal pelvic size and incidence of either breast or ovarian cancer. This was true both before and after adjustment for various characteristics of the women and their mothers, and in analyses stratified by age at diagnosis (<50 versus ≥50 years of age, as a proxy for premenopausal and postmenopausal ages). There was also no evidence of an association in subgroup analyses restricted specifically to those groups in which the Finnish data found the greatest effect. Our study is of comparable size to the Finnish studies and was highly powered (>99%) to detect effects of the magnitude they reported. Our nonreplication therefore casts doubt on the link between maternal pelvic size and risk of breast and ovarian cancer in the offspring. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers
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- 2009
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40. A Study of Service in Restaurant by Using Queuing Model
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Mishra, G.D., primary, Singh Chauhan, Vijiya, additional, and Chandra, Nikita, additional
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- 2013
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41. Dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk markers in the UK Low Income Diet and Nutrition Survey
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Hamer, M., primary and Mishra, G.D., additional
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- 2010
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42. Elevated sialic acid, but not CRP, predicts features of the metabolic syndrome independently of BMI in women.
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Browning, L.M., Jebb, S.A., Mishra, G.D., Cooke, J.H., O'Connell, M.A., Crook, M.A., and Krebs, J.D.
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METABOLIC disorders ,BODY weight ,C-reactive protein ,SIALIC acids ,OBESITY ,INSULIN resistance - Abstract
AIMS:: C-reactive protein (CRP) is a predictor of many diseases including type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Fewer studies have similarly shown sialic acid (SA) to be a predictor of obesity-related diseases, but importantly SA shows less intra-individual variability than CRP and acts as an integrated marker of the activity of a number of acute-phase proteins. This study examines the association between both CRP and SA with individual and combined features of the metabolic syndrome. SUBJECTS:: In all, 257 women with a body mass index (BMI) ranging from 25.1 to 54.5?kg/m
2 (geometric mean 33.1±5.8kg/m2 ) and aged 19-71?y (mean 45.6±12.1?y) were studied. Subjects had no symptoms of intercurrent infection, known diabetes, treated dyslipidaemia, a chronic inflammatory condition, liver disease or malignancy. RESULTS:: Linear regression demonstrates that both CRP and SA were positively associated with weight, BMI, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and hypertension. There was a highly significant (P<0.0001) positive association of both SA and CRP with none, one, two, three or four features of the metabolic syndrome. For a 1 s.d. (4.0?mg/l) increase in CRP, there was a significant increased risk when comparing the odds of having metabolic syndrome (defined as three or more individual features) compared with the remainder of the population (odds ratio=1.7, P<0.0001), but this was not significant after adjustment for BMI. However, for a 1 s.d. (0.34?mmol/l) increase in SA, the odds of having metabolic syndrome compared with those without metabolic syndrome was 2.5 (P<0.0001), and persisted after additional adjustment for BMI (adjusted odds ratio=1.9, P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS:: While SA and CRP are both univariately associated with individual features of the metabolic syndrome, SA, but not CRP, is significantly associated with the metabolic syndrome, independent of BMI. We conclude that SA identifies a subgroup of overweight individuals with an inflammatory phenotype, who are at the greatest risk of metabolic syndrome.International Journal of Obesity (2004) 28, 1004-1010. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802711 Published online 22 June 2004 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2004
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43. Childhood and adult dietary vitamin E intake and cardiovascular risk factors in mid-life in the 1946 British Birth Cohort.
- Author
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Mishra, G.D., Malik, N.S., Paul, A.A., Wadsworth, M.E.J., and Bolton-Smith, C.
- Subjects
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VITAMIN E , *CARDIOVASCULAR diseases - Abstract
OBJECTIVES:: To determine whether dietary vitamin E intake in childhood or mid-life was predictive of adult hypertension and high waist circumference, as two important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. DESIGN:: Longitudinal study of a social class stratified random sample of all the legitimate, singleton births in the week of 3-9 March 1946. SETTINGS:: England, Scotland and Wales. SUBJECTS:: The 2980 survey members who provided information on diet, health and sociodemographic information at two time points; age 4?y in 1950 (24-h dietary recall) and 43?y in 1989 (48-h dietary recall). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:: Outcomes were adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for hypertension and high waist circumference at age 43?y by thirds of vitamin E intake, relative to the highest intake thirds at both ages. RESULTS:: The lowest consumers of vitamin E in both childhood and adulthood were more likely to be hypertensive (OR 1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-3.08) and have high waist circumference (OR 1.6, 95% CI: 1.02-2.43) than those consuming high levels at both ages. A low intake of vitamin E at just one time point was not associated with a statistically significant increased risk of hypertension or high waist circumference. Social class was also an independent and equally strong predictor of these coronary risk factors, indicating that the relation between social class and cardiovascular risks was not mediated solely by the current measures of diet and lifestyle. CONCLUSIONS:: Unique data on vitamin E intake from foods in both childhood and adulthood have indicated that relatively low intake of vitamin E at both ages predicted hypertension and high waist circumference at age 43?y.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2003) 57, 1418-1425. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601706 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
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44. Effect of powdery mildew (<em>Erysiphe pisi</em>) on nodulation and nitrogenase activity in pea (<em>Pisum sativum</em>).
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Singh, U.P. and Mishra, G.D.
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- *
POWDERY mildew diseases , *PEA diseases & pests , *ERYSIPHE , *PLANT enzymes , *FUNGAL diseases of plants , *PLANT diseases - Abstract
The effects of powdery mildew (Erysiphe pisi) disease of pea (Pisum sativum) in the number and size of root nodules and on nitrogenase activity were investigated in pea plants grown in pots and in the field. There were significant reductions in nodulation and in the size of root nodules as well as in nitrogenase activity in infected plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1992
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45. Explosives and accessories in rock blasting.
- Author
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Pingua B.M.P., Jagdish, Mishra G.D., Nabiullah, Singh T.N., Pingua B.M.P., Jagdish, Mishra G.D., Nabiullah, and Singh T.N.
- Abstract
In India, the use of explosives based on nitroglycerine and liquid oxygen is decreasing, as the new generation of slurry and emulsion explosives are safer and have better fume qualities. Ammonium nitrate-fuel oil (ANFO), which has a higher gas energy, is suitable for blasting dry rocks and those of medium strength. Electric detonators consist of a cylindrical Al or Cu shell containing a fusehead, delay elements, a series of charges and insulating lead wires, while non-electric detonating relays and in-hole delay systems are also available. Blasting faults may be grouped into those resulting from drilling deviation, initiation problems, explosive type or quality and operating environment. Flyrock accidents can be avoided if all those involved in the blasting operation are aware of their causes: stemming less than two-thirds of burden, weak rock, faulty drilling geometry, over-charging and misfires or cut-offs., In India, the use of explosives based on nitroglycerine and liquid oxygen is decreasing, as the new generation of slurry and emulsion explosives are safer and have better fume qualities. Ammonium nitrate-fuel oil (ANFO), which has a higher gas energy, is suitable for blasting dry rocks and those of medium strength. Electric detonators consist of a cylindrical Al or Cu shell containing a fusehead, delay elements, a series of charges and insulating lead wires, while non-electric detonating relays and in-hole delay systems are also available. Blasting faults may be grouped into those resulting from drilling deviation, initiation problems, explosive type or quality and operating environment. Flyrock accidents can be avoided if all those involved in the blasting operation are aware of their causes: stemming less than two-thirds of burden, weak rock, faulty drilling geometry, over-charging and misfires or cut-offs.
46. Studies on explosive behaviour of large-diameter explosives in mining application.
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Pingua B.M.P., Jagdish, Mishra G.D., Nabiullah, Singh R.K., Pingua B.M.P., Jagdish, Mishra G.D., Nabiullah, and Singh R.K.
- Abstract
Large-diameter slurry, emulsion, ANFO and HANFO explosive products are extensively used in surface coal mines, stone quarries, dolomite mines and other excavation projects in India. The sensitivity, velocity of detonation and sympathetic detonation of explosives were measured experimentally under field conditions. It was concluded that the air-gap sensitivity of slurry explosives increases with the diameter, weight and energy of donor explosives; that the velocity of detonation of slurry explosives in confined condition is 1.15-1.30 times the detonation velocity in unconfined conditions, depending on the degree of confinement; and that the blasting energy of explosives is at a maximum in the firing density range 1.10-1.15 g/cm3 of HANFO and doped emulsion., Large-diameter slurry, emulsion, ANFO and HANFO explosive products are extensively used in surface coal mines, stone quarries, dolomite mines and other excavation projects in India. The sensitivity, velocity of detonation and sympathetic detonation of explosives were measured experimentally under field conditions. It was concluded that the air-gap sensitivity of slurry explosives increases with the diameter, weight and energy of donor explosives; that the velocity of detonation of slurry explosives in confined condition is 1.15-1.30 times the detonation velocity in unconfined conditions, depending on the degree of confinement; and that the blasting energy of explosives is at a maximum in the firing density range 1.10-1.15 g/cm3 of HANFO and doped emulsion.
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