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Složenost turističkog sektora ogleda se u raznovrsnosti gospodarskih i socijalnih aktivnosti. Posljedično, njihova provedba smatra se pokretačima koji uzrokuju različite pritiske i utjecaje na okoliš. Osnovni preduvjet za praćenje napretka prema održivom upravljanju turizmom je kontinuirano praćenje podataka i sveobuhvatni okvir procjene, kao što je okvir DPSIR (pokretač-pritisak-stanje-utjecaj-odgovor, prema engl. Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response) (u nastavku tekst DSPIR). Među ekološkim izazovima DPSIR-a komunalni otpad kao posljedica turističkih aktivnosti identificiran je kao jedan od glavnih ekoloških izazova. U ovom istraživanju provedena je analiza utemeljena na dokazima odabranih pokazatelja kako bi se razmotrio DPSIR razvijen s naglaskom na održivo gospodarenje otpadom. Ovaj holistički pristup osigurava utemeljenu evaluaciju i odgovarajuće mjere kao odgovor društva na dugoročno rješavanje glavnih okolišnih izazova povezanih s intenzitetom turizma. Uz to, autori su istražili moguće smjerove za razvoj veće održivosti gospodarenja otpadom u turizmu Jadranske Hrvatske, uzimajući u obzir primjere dobre prakse na otoku Krku. Istraživanje i procjena odabranih pokazatelja potvrdila je da sezonalnost turizma utječe na okoliš. Također se pokazalo da visoki intenzitet turizma ima izravan utjecaj na infrastrukturu gospodarenja otpadom koja je uglavnom uspostavljena za ograničen broj stanovnika. Stoga autori predlažu umjereni intenzitet turizma kao najpovoljniju opciju, čime se osigurava održivo gospodarenje otpadom koji stvara manji pritisak na infrastrukturu gospodarenja otpadom i okoliš. Naposljetku, ovim je radom kreiran novi pokazatelj koji istražuje održivost gospodarenja komunalnim otpadom., The complexity of the tourism sector relies on a variety of economic and social activities. Consequently, those are drivers that result in a variety of pressures and impacts on the environment. In order to track the progress towards sustainable tourism management, continuous data monitoring and a comprehensive assessment framework, such as the DPSIR - Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response, are a fundamental prerequisite. Among the environmental challenges within the DPSIR framework, municipal waste generated by the Croatian tourist industry is identified as one of the major environmental issues. In this research, evidence-based analysis using selected indicators within DPSIR framework was carried out with the emphasis on sustainable waste management. This holistic approach ensures a sound evaluation and adequate measures as a social response to address the main environmental issues regarding tourism intensity in the long term. In addition, the authors explored possible directions of more sustainable waste management in tourism for the Adriatic region of Croatia, considering the examples of the good practices implemented on the Island of Krk. Research and evaluation of selected indicators confirmed that tourism seasonality has an impact on the environment and revealed that high tourism intensity has a direct impact on the waste management infrastructure that is mostly established for a limited number of residents. Therefore, the authors suggest moderate tourism intensity as the most favourable option, resulting in a more sustainable waste management options, which produces less environmental pressure on the waste management infrastructure and the environment. Finally, through the research a new indicator was created, which explores sustainability of municipal waste management.

This study evaluates a wide range of epidemiological, environmental, and economic factors affecting morbidity and mortality from PM2.5 exposure in the 27 member-states of the European Union. This form of air pollution inflicts considerable social and economic damage in addition to loss of life and well-being. This study creates and deploys a comprehensive data pipeline. The first step consists of conventional linear models and supervised machine-learning alternatives. Critically, these regression methods do more than predict health outcomes in the EU-27 and relate those predictions to independent variables. Linear regression and its machine-learning equivalents also inform unsupervised machine learning methods such as clustering and manifold learning. Lower-dimension manifolds of this dataset’s feature space reveal the relationship among EU-27 countries and their success (or failure) in managing PM2.5 morbidity and mortality. Principal component analysis informs further interpretation of variables along economic and epidemiological lines. A nonlinear environmental Kuznets curve may describe the fuller relation-ship between economic activity and premature death from PM2.5 exposure. The political alliance of the EU-27 countries should bridge the historical, cultural, and economic gaps that impair the European response to health issues attributable to PM2.5 pollution.

This study evaluates numerous epidemiological, environmental, and economic factors affecting morbidity and mortality from PM2.5 exposure in the 27 member states of the European Union. This form of air pollution inflicts considerable social and economic damage in addition to loss of life and well-being. This study creates and deploys a comprehensive data pipeline. The first step consists of conventional linear models and supervised machine learning alternatives. Those regression methods do more than predict health outcomes in the EU-27 and relate those predictions to independent variables. Linear regression and its machine learning equivalents also inform unsupervised machine learning methods such as clustering and manifold learning. Lower-dimension manifolds of this dataset’s feature space reveal the relationship among EU-27 countries and their success (or failure) in managing PM2.5 morbidity and mortality. Principal component analysis informs further interpretation of variables along economic and health-based lines. A nonlinear environmental Kuznets curve may describe the fuller relationship between economic activity and premature death from PM2.5 exposure. The European Union should bridge the historical, cultural, and economic gaps that impair these countries’ collective response to PM2.5 pollution.

Kontinuiranim praćenjem održivosti stvara se potrebna informacijska osnova za učinkovito upravljanje razvojem turizma u željenom, održivom smjeru. Kako je održivost postala ključni izazov u razvoju kvalitetnih turističkih proizvoda, prije tridesetak godina počeli su se pojavljivati različiti sustavi pokazatelja održivosti. Okvir Svjetske turističke organizacije za procjenu održivosti zajedno sa sustavom ETIS Europske komisije prepoznaje se kao najvažniji i najutjecajniji, dok postoji velik broj novih sustava pokazatelja i skupova koji se uglavnom temelje na njihovu iskustvu. Međutim, unatoč postojećim sustavima dolazi do zabune jer se broj mogućih sustava, a time i broj pokazatelja, stalno povećava, bez jasno definirana okvira i obveze mjerenja. Obilje sustava, inicijativa i u konačnici projekata stvaraju zabludu i nemaju stvaran doprinos osnovnom znanju o stanju održivosti u destinaciji., Continuous monitoring of sustainability creates the necessary information basis for effective development management of tourism in a sustainable direction. Since sustainability became a key factor in developing quality tourism products without negatively affecting the natural and cultural environment, different systems of sustainability indicators have emerged—starting around 30 years ago. The UNWTO framework for sustainability assessment along with the European Commission’s ETIS system are recognised as the most important and influential systems of indicators, and there are also many new systems and sets-largely based on the UNWTO and ETIS systems. However, in spite of the existence of these systems, confusion occurs because the number of possible new systems and indicators is constantly increasing, without a clearly defined framework or scale of measurement. The abundance of systems, initiatives, and projects ultimately brings significant confusion to destination management bodies.

The small size of nanoparticles (NPs), with dimensions between 1 and 100 nm, results in unique chemical and physical characteristics, which is why they are implemented in various consumer products. Therefore, an important concern is the potential detrimental impact of NPs on the environment. As plants are a vital part of ecosystem, investigation of the phytotoxic effects of NPs is particularly interesting. This study investigated the potential phytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants and compared it with the effects of the same AgNO3 concentrations. Accumulation of silver in roots and leaves was equally efficient after both AgNP and AgNO3 treatment, with predominant Ag levels found in the roots. Exposure to AgNPs did not result in elevated values of oxidative stress parameters either in roots or in leaves, while AgNO3 induced oxidative stress in both plant tissues. In the presence of both AgNPs and AgNO3, root meristem cells became highly vacuolated, which indicates that vacuoles might be the primary storage target for accumulated Ag. Direct AgNP uptake by root cells was confirmed. Leaf ultrastructural studies revealed changes mainly in the size of chloroplasts of AgNP-treated and AgNO3- treated plants. All of these findings indicate that nano form of silver is less toxic to tobacco plants than silver ions.

Acrylamide is a monomer widely used as an intermediate in the production of organic chemicals, e.g. polyacrylamides (PAMs). Since PAMs are low cost chemicals with applications in various industries and waste- and drinking water treatment, a certain amount of non-polymerised acrylamide is expected to end up in waterways. PAMs are non-toxic but acrylamide induces neurotoxic effects in humans and genotoxic, reproductive, and carcinogenic effects in laboratory animals. In order to evaluate the effect of acrylamide on freshwater organisms, bioassays were conducted on four species: algae Desmodesmus subspicatus and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, duckweed Lemna minor and water flea Daphnia magna according to ISO (International Organization for Standardisation) standardised methods. This approach ensures the evaluation of acrylamide toxicity on organisms with different levels of organisation and the comparability of results, and it examines the value of using a battery of low-cost standardised bioassays in the monitoring of pollution and contamination of aquatic ecosystems. These results showed that EC50 values were lower for Desmodesmus subspicatus and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata than for Daphnia magna and Lemna minor, which suggests an increased sensitivity of algae to acrylamide. According to the toxic unit approach, the values estimated by the Lemna minor and Daphnia magna bioassays, classify acrylamide as slightly toxic (TU=0-1; Class 1). The results obtained from algal bioassays (Desmodesmus subspicatus and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) revealed the toxic effect of acrylamide (TU=1-10; Class 2) on these organisms.

Summary Plants endure a variety of abiotic and biotic stresses, all of which cause major limitations to production. Among abiotic stressors, heavy metal contamination represents a global environmental problem endangering humans, animals, and plants. Exposure to heavy metals has been documented to induce changes in the expression of plant proteins. Proteins are macromolecules directly responsible for most biological processes in a living cell, while protein function is directly influenced by posttranslational modifications, which cannot be identified through genome studies. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct proteomic studies, which enable the elucidation of the presence and role of proteins under specific environmental conditions. This review attempts to present current knowledge on proteomic techniques developed with an aim to detect the response of plant to heavy metal stress. Significant contributions to a better understanding of the complex mechanisms of plant acclimation to metal stress are also discussed.

Acrylamide is a monomer widely used as an intermediate in the production of organic chemicals, e.g. polyacrylamides (PAMs). Since PAMs are low cost chemicals with applications in various industries and waste- and drinking water treatment, a certain amount of non-polymerised acrylamide is expected to end up in waterways. PAMs are non-toxic but acrylamide induces neurotoxic effects in humans and genotoxic, reproductive, and carcinogenic effects in laboratory animals. In order to evaluate the effect of acrylamide on freshwater organisms, bioassays were conducted on four species: algae Desmodesmus subspicatus and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, duckweed Lemna minor and water flea Daphnia magna according to ISO (International Organization for Standardisation) standardised methods. This approach ensures the evaluation of acrylamide toxicity on organisms with different levels of organisation and the comparability of results, and it examines the value of using a battery of low-cost standardised bioassays in the monitoring of pollution and contamination of aquatic ecosystems. These results showed that EC50 values were lower for Desmodesmus subspicatus and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata than for Daphnia magna and Lemna minor, which suggests an increased sensitivity of algae to acrylamide. According to the toxic unit approach, the values estimated by the Lemna minor and Daphnia magna bioassays, classify acrylamide as slightly toxic (TU=0-1; Class 1). The results obtained from algal bioassays (Desmodesmus subspicatus and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) revealed the toxic effect of acrylamide (TU=1-10; Class 2) on these organisms.

Acrylamide is a monomer widely used as an intermediate in the production of organic chemicals, e.g. polyacrylamides (PAMs). Since PAMs are low cost chemicals with applications in various industries and waste- and drinking water treatment, a certain amount of non-polymerised acrylamide is expected to end up in waterways. PAMs are non-toxic but acrylamide induces neurotoxic effects in humans and genotoxic, reproductive, and carcinogenic effects in laboratory animals. In order to evaluate the effect of acrylamide on freshwater organisms, bioassays were conducted on four species: algae Desmodesmus subspicatus and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, duckweed Lemna minor and water flea Daphnia magna according to ISO (International Organization for Standardisation) standardised methods. This approach ensures the evaluation of acrylamide toxicity on organisms with different levels of organisation and the comparability of results, and it examines the value of using a battery of low-cost standardised bioassays in the monitoring of pollution and contamination of aquatic ecosystems. These results showed that EC50 values were lower for Desmodesmus subspicatus and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata than for Daphnia magna and Lemna minor, which suggests an increased sensitivity of algae to acrylamide. According to the toxic unit approach, the values estimated by the Lemna minor and Daphnia magna bioassays, classify acrylamide as slightly toxic (TU=0-1; Class 1). The results obtained from algal bioassays (Desmodesmus subspicatus and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) revealed the toxic effect of acrylamide (TU=1-10; Class 2) on these organisms., Akrilamid je monomer koji se koristi kao intermedijer u proizvodnji organskih kemikalija, npr. poliakrilamida (PAM-a). PAM se primjenjuje u različitim industrijama te u obradi otpadnih voda i tretmanu vode za piće, a prihvatljiv je i zbog niske cijene. Široka upotreba PAM-a u spomenute svrhe predstavlja rizik od toga da određena količina nepolimeriziranog akrilamida dospije u vodene ekosustave. PAM je netoksičan, ali akrilamid ima neurotoksične učinke u ljudi te je također dokazana njegova genotoksičnost, kancerogenost i štetan utjecaj na reprodukcijski sustav u laboratorijskih životinja. U cilju procjene toksičnosti akrilamida provedeni su biotestovi na četirima vrstama slatkovodnih organizama: na zelenim algama Desmodesmus subspicatus i Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, vodenoj leći Lemna minor i vodenbuhi Daphnia magna. Biotestovi su provedeni prema standardiziranim ISO metodama, što osigurava procjenu toksičnosti akrilamida na organizme različitog stupnja organizacije, usporedivost rezultata i procjenu pogodnosti korištenja niza standardiziranih biotestova prihvatljive cijene za praćenje zagađenja i onečišćenja vodnih ekosustava. Rezultati su pokazali da su EC50 vrijednosti niže nakon izlaganja zelenih algi Desmodesmus subspicatus i Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata akrilamidu u odnosu na vrijednosti dobivene za vodenu leću Lemna minor i vodenbuhu Daphnia magna, što pokazuje veću osjetljivost algi. S obzirom na klasifikacijski sustav za izražavanje stupnja toksičnosti, a na temelju vrijednosti utvrđenih za vodenu leću Lemna minor i vodenbuhu Daphnia magna, akrilamid se može klasificirati kao slabo toksičan (TU=0-1; razred 1). Rezultati dobiveni testovima na algama (Desmodesmus subspicatus i Pseudokirchneriella subspicata) dokazuju toksičan učinak akrilamida na tim organizmima (TU=1-10; razred 2).

Cilj ovog rada je predstaviti pokazatelje uspješnosti rada županijskih matičnih službi u radu sa školskim knjižnicama te upoznavanje sa značenjem zakona i podzakonskih akata koji se odnose na knjižnice i/ili knjižničare. Iskorak u hrvatskom zakonodavstvu je donošenje jedinstvenog dokumenta državnih pedagoških standarda za sve tri razine odgojno-obrazovnoga sustava: predškolsku, osnovnoškolsku i srednjoškolsku. Na prijedlog Vlade Republike Hrvatske dana 16. svibnja 2008. godine ove dokumente je donio Hrvatski sabor. Ovim standardima utvrđeni su optimalni infrastrukturni, materijalni, financijski i kadrovski normativi za osiguravanje ujednačenih uvjeta rada u odgojno-obrazovnim ustanovama. Državni pedagoški standard osnovnoškolskog te srednjoškolskog sustava odgoja i obrazovanja sadrže normative koji služe kao putokazi za osiguranje ujednačenih uvjeta rada za sve učenike. Zato je potrebno plan razvoja školskih knjižnica uskladiti s postojećim standardima i međunarodnim smjernicama za školske knjižnice. Ovim se dokumentima pokazuje mogućnost afirmacije knjižničarstva kao struke, a školske knjižnice su prepoznatljive kao bitan čimbenik u provođenju nastavnog plana i programa. U ovome radu daje se usporedna analiza rada školskih knjižnica na temelju podataka anketnoga istraživanja provedenog u školskoj godini 1999./2000. i 2010./2011., a pokazatelji uspješnosti određenoga segmenta očituju se i u statistici koja je izrađena temeljem poredbenih podataka između 2005. godine i 2009. godine., The paper presents performance indicators of the Croatian county library research and development departments in their work with school libraries and getting acquainted with the Library Act and sub-Acts that refer to libraries and/or librarians. A significant advance in Croatian legislative was made with the new unique document on educational standards for all three levels of educational system: pre-school, primary-school and secondary-school education. The document was proposed by the Croatian government and was passed on May 16th 2008 by the Croatian parliament. The standards stated in this document regulate optimal infrastructure, material, financial and staff norms for equitable working conditions in all educational institutions. The national educational standards for primary and secondary education contain regulations that are guidelines for providing equitable working conditions for all pupils. The development plan for school libraries must therefore be adjusted to meet these standards as well as international guidelines for school libraries. These documents are basis for a better promotion of librarianship, and present school libraries as an important factor of school curriculums. The paper gives a comparative analysis of school libraries based on the data collected in the research conducted in academic years 1999/2000 and 2010/2011. The performance indicators of a particular segment are presented in the statistics based on the comparative data analysis for years 2005 and 2009.

Nove usluge školske knjižnice u novom tisućljeću oslanjaju se u većem dijelu na tradicionalne, a njihova se realizacija omogućuje ponajprije automatizacijom knjižničnoga poslovanja. Korisničke potrebe u potpunosti uvjetuju nove usluge koje u trajnom odgojno-obrazovnom procesu trebaju osigurati pristup svim relevantnim informacijama, pobuditi i omogućiti stručno-istraživački rad za učenike i učitelje, nastavnike i stručne suradnike. Knjižničar je sudionik informacijskog društva pa se od njega traži vrsno poznavanje najrazličitijih izvora i sve veće tehničko i računalno znanje jer je njemu namijenjeno ključno mjesto u školskoj knjižnici u novom tisućljeću. Već se godinama Ministarstvo znanosti, obrazovanja i športa brine kako bi školske knjižnice postale integralni dio odgojno-obrazovnog procesa, a samim time i središnji dio knjižničnog sustava te je i u zakonskim aktima ugrađeno da svaka školska ustanova ima knjižnicu, da je djelatnost knjižnice sastavni dio obrazovnog procesa u kojem se stručnoknjižnična djelatnost obavlja u manjem opsegu ili uobičajeno i služi za ostvarivanje obrazovnog procesa., New services of a school library in the new millennium are based in the large part on the traditional services, and their implementation primarily provides automation of library operations. Users needs fully condition the new services in the ongoing educational process to ensure access to relevant information, inspire and provide professional research for students and educators, teachers and professional colleagues. The librarian is a stakeholder of the informational society and he/she is requested for the xcellent knowledge of various sources and the growing technical and computer knowledge because he/she has the vital place in the school library in the new millennium. Already, the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports has ensured that school libraries become an integral part of the educational process, and thus the central part of the library system is also incorporated in legislation so that any school institution has a library and that library activities are an integral part of the educational process in which professional library activities are conducted on a smaller scale and usually serves for the realization of the educational process.

Pravilna prehrana starijih ljudi, uz primjerenu tjelesnu aktivnost, povoljno djeluje na rad organa i organskih sustava, a osobito pomaže očuvanju mišićne mase i usporavanju degenerativnih procesa, što pridonosi boljoj tjelesnoj i duševnoj kondiciji, funkcionalnoj sposobnosti te prevenciji niza kroničnih bolesti. U okviru znanstveno-istraživačkog projekta Ministarstva znanosti i tehnologije: “Registar zdravstvenih potreba starijih ljudi za institucijskom skrbi u Gradu Zagrebu”, istraživane su zdravstvene potrebe starijih korisnika u odabranim domovima za starije i nemoćne osobe te je analizirana kvaliteta prehrane. Cilj je ukazati na nužnost izrade i legislativne regulacije prehrambenih normativa i standarda za starije osobe sa svrhom trajne kontrole i nadzora prehrambenih vrijednosti uzoraka hrane, kako državnih tako i privatnih domova za starije te gerontoloških centara. Bitno je odrediti ukupnu energetsku vrijednost obroka uzorkovanih u domovima za starije ljude na području Grada Zagreba i Zagrebačke županije po prehrambenim normama za starije, kao mogući hrvatski model primjene. Centar za gerontologiju izradio je konkretan instrumentarij za evidenciju, praćenje i evaluaciju zdravstvenih potreba starijih korisnika u domovima za starije i nemoćne osobe - Evidencijsku listu br. 1 (NN 82/02, NN 105/03, NN 28/05 i 58/05) te Evidencijsku listu br. 4. - za praćenje zdravstveno-socijalnih potreba starijih korisnika u gerontološkim centrima. U okviru druge istraživačke aktivnosti navedenoga znanstvenog projekta obuhvaćeno je sedam domova za starije osobe na širem području Grada Zagreba i Zagrebačke županije, u kojima je ukupno uzorkovan i analiziran 21 uzorak (ručak) određenim analitičkim metodama u ZZJZGZ-u. Analiza podataka prikupljenih putem Evidencijske liste br. 1 PZP-a (PZP - praćenje zdravstvenih potreba) o indeksu tjelesne mase korisnika u odabranim domovima za starije osobe ukazala je kako je prekomjerna tjelesna težina jedan od vodećih rizičnih čimbenika za zdravlje te za funkcionalnu sposobnost starijih korisnika. Dobiveni rezultati upućuju na nužnost uvođenja kontinuiranoga gerontološkoga javnozdravstvenog nadzora te kontrole kvalitete prehrane i prehrambenih vrijednosti svakoga pojedinog obroka za starije korisnike u državnim, ali jednako tako i u privatnim domovima za starije te u gerontološkim centrima., Regular diet, along with adequate physical activity, has favourable effects on the functioning of organs and organ systems, and it is especially helpful in the preservation of muscle mass and slowing down of degenerative processes. This contributes to the improvement in physical and mental condition and functional abilities, as well as to the prevention of a number of chronic diseases. Health needs of the elderly and the quality of diet in old people’s homes were analysed within the scientifi c and research project of the Ministry of Science and Technology: “Register of Health and Institutionalised Care Needs of the Elderly in the City of Zagreb”. The purpose was to show the necessity of development and legislative regulation of food standards for the elderly in order to continuously monitor nutritive values of food samples from both state and private old people’s homes and gerontology centres. It is important to determine the total energy value of meals provided in old people’s homes in the City of Zagreb and the Zagreb County by comparing it with food standards for the elderly, and thus set a possible Croatian model. The Centre for Gerontology has developed the methods for recording, monitoring and evaluation of health needs of elderly people in old people’s homes – Records List No. 1 (Offi cial Gazette, no. 82/02; Offi cial Gazette, no. 105/03; Offi cial Gazette, no. 28/05 and 58/05) and Records List No. 4. – for monitoring of health and social needs of elderly people in gerontology centres. The second research activity within the above-mentioned Project covered seven old people’s homes in the City of Zagreb and the Zagreb County. The number of samples (lunch) taken was 21 and they were analysed in the Public Health Institute of the City of Zagreb. The analysis of data collected via Records List No. 1 (monitoring of health needs) about the body weight index of the elderly in old people’s homes revealed the overweight as one of the leading risk factors for their health and functional abilities. The obtained results show that continuous gerontologicalpublic health monitoring and control of the quality of diet and nutritive values of each individual meal in state and private old people’s homes, as well as in gerontology centres, should be introduced.