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Heritage tourism is a vital part of the global economy. To attract more international tourists, many heritage sites provide multilingual interpretation. Previous research suggests that cultural ada...

The aim of this study is to explore how translations function as an integral part of museum exhibitions. Specifically, this study argues that translators of museum texts and visitors who make use of them in museum exhibitions can actively engage in forming different interpretations of the exhibitions themselves. In both museum and translation studies, the producers and receivers of translations tend to be viewed as additions to the monolingual communication in the source language of the museum. Therefore, analyses of translations tend to search for potential errors by using the source text as the yardstick by which to measure how much the translations have deviated from the original and how much potential damage may have been caused to the interpretation as a result. This article draws on Clifford's (1997) conception of museums as ‘contact zones’, through which objects stimulate ongoing dialogues rather than the site of their display being a final destination in itself. It further extends Clifford’s concept to include the multilingual museum exhibition. From this perspective, I explore how the different voices of object makers, source- and target-text writers and visitors take place in the museum and interact or exist in dialogue with each other.

Background We have previously reported that dynamic preload variables predicted fluid responsiveness in adult patients with liver cirrhosis. However, pediatric patients with cirrhosis may present with unique hemodynamic characteristics, and therefore, the predictive accuracy of these variables in such patients must be clarified. Aims To investigate the accuracy of dynamic preload variables for predicting fluid responsiveness in pediatric patients with cirrhosis. Methods A total of 27 pediatric patients with cirrhosis undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation were enrolled in this study. Patients' pulse pressure variation, stroke volume variation, stroke volume index, and central venous pressure were measured using the calibrated pulse contour cardiac output system. The plethysmographic variability index was measured using a Masimo Radical 7 co-oximeter. During the hepatic dissection phase of the surgery, repeated intraoperative fluid challenges with 10 mL kg-1 of crystalloid within 15 minutes were administered. Fluid responsiveness was defined as an increase in stroke volume index of ≥15% after fluid challenge. Results A total of 61 fluid challenges were administered resulting in 15 fluid responders and 46 fluid nonresponders. Fluid challenge induced significant decreases in all three dynamic preload variables but not in the fluid nonresponders. However, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for pulse pressure variation, stroke volume variation, plethysmographic variability index, and central venous pressure for predicting fluid responsiveness were 0.67 (95% confidence interval: 0.52-0.82; P = .0255), 0.68 (95% confidence interval: 0.54-0.83; P = .0140), 0.56 (95% confidence interval: 0.40-0.71; P = .4724), and 0.57 (95% confidence interval: 0.40-0.74; P = .4192), respectively. Conclusions Dynamic preload variables do not predict fluid responsiveness in pediatric patients with liver cirrhosis.

This article contributes to the discussion of retranslation in Translation Studies through a case study on the retranslation of romance novels in Taiwan. Although retranslation has received some attention from translation researchers, most of the existing studies are based on examples of classic literature. In contrast, popular fiction like the romance novel remains relatively under-researched. In this article, paratextual analysis is applied to the publishing environment and marketing strategies for romance novels in order to explain why works of this genre – which are usually regarded as cheap and “throwaway” – are retranslated and how consumers are motivated to purchase such products. The findings suggest that the retranslation of best-selling romantic novels is a low-cost and low-risk investment for the publishers concerned. Such retranslations are promoted through three channels: via the branding of the retranslation as a “classic”; by persuading readers to believe that the retranslated version is more faithful to the original, and thus superior; and by introducing a different mode of consumption – a shift away from renting and towards the purchase of novels. It is argued that, for commercially-driven retranslations, market factors rather than the inherent features of the texts concerned provide a clearer explanation for the phenomenon of retranslation.

Background Glioma is associated with high recurrence and poor survival, despite the success of tumor resection surgery. This may be partly because the immune microenvironment within a glioma is susceptible to perioperative immunosuppression. Therefore, intraoperative anesthesia-related immunomodulators, such as scalp block, intravenous anesthesia, the opioid dosage administered, and transfusions, may influence oncological outcomes among patients with glioma. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the influence of anesthetic techniques on oncological outcomes after craniotomy for glioma resection, particularly the effects of scalp block, intravenous anesthesia, and inhalation anesthesia. Methods Consecutive patients who underwent primary glioma resection surgeries between January 2010 and December 2017 were analyzed to compare postcraniotomy oncological outcomes (progression-free survival [PFS] and overall survival) by using the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox regression analysis. A propensity score-matched regression analysis including prognostic covariates was also conducted to analyze the selected relevant anesthetic factors of the unmatched regression model. Results A total of 230 patients were included in the final analysis. No analyzed anesthetic factor was associated with overall survival. Patients who received scalp block had a more favorable median (95% confidence interval [CI]) PFS (55.37 [95% CI, 12.63-62.23] vs. 14.07 [95% CI, 11.27-17.67] mo; P=0.0053). Scalp block was associated with improved PFS before (hazard ratio, 0.465; 95% CI, 0.272-0.794; P=0.0050) and after (hazard ratio, 0.367; 95% CI, 0.173-0.779; P=0.0091) propensity score-matched Cox regression analysis. By contrast, intravenous anesthesia, amount of opioid consumed, and transfusion were not associated with PFS. Conclusions The study results suggest that the scalp block improves the recurrence profiles of patients receiving primary glioma resection.

Multimodality has received considerable critical attention in Translation Studies over the past decades. However, how translations interact with or within three-dimensional material space is still under-researched. This article proposes to use the study of geosemiotics (Scollon & Scollon, 2003) as the theoretical framework within which to explore this new territory. The case study was carried out at the St Mungo Museum of Religious Life and Art in Glasgow. The multimodal analysis divides museum space into four ranks: the museum surroundings, the museum building, the museum exhibition and the museum objects. The findings reveal that the translated exhibition texts interact with the four ranks of spaces to consistently minimize the narratives of Christian heritage in Glasgow and manifest a multi-religious and multi-ethnic Scottish identity. This study demonstrates how the (non-)provision of translations has the potential to influence the construction of in-place meaning in the multimodal museum space.

Translation has long been conceptualized in metaphors of space, whereas its temporal aspect is relatively underexplored. However, recently scholars have argued that translation does not only carry across but also carries forward, i.e., texts survive through time. The aim of this study is to examine how time and space are manipulated in translation, with a particular focus on how the two dimensions interact with each other. To achieve this aim, a memorial museum has been chosen for investigation. A museum, as a site to display dislocated objects from the past, constructs a unique temporal-spatial dramaturgy. This study argues that shifts of temporal-spatial frames in museum translations have a significant impact on how a nation’s past, present and future are perceived by target readers.

Although many museums nowadays provide multilingual services, translations in museums have not received enough attention from researchers. The issue of how ideology is embedded in museum texts is translated is particularly underresearched. Since museums are often important sites for tourists to learn about a nation, translation plays a pivotal role in mediating how international visitors construct the host nation’s identity. The translation of national identity is even more important when sensitive topics are dealt with, such as exhibitions of the past in memorial museums. This paper takes the Taipei 228 Memorial Museum as a case study to examine how Taiwanese identity is formatted in the Chinese text and reframed in the English translation. The current study found inconsistent historical perspectives embedded in both texts, particularly in the English translation. We argue that, without awareness of ideological assumptions embedded in translations, museums run the risk of sending unintended messages to international visitors.

This paper argues that for translation to enhance the tourist experience literal accuracy is not enough and translations should be culturally sensitive to their target readers. Using the example of museum websites as a form of purposive tourism information designed to both inform and attract potential visitors, this paper analyzes websites of museums in the UK and China. We argue that no matter how accurate a translation may be, if the norms of the target tourist community have been ignored a translation may fail to achieve its purpose and may even have a detrimental effect on the tourism experience. By bringing together translation and tourism theory, we demonstrate when the cultural element of tourism is considered alongside the translation of texts, the need for linguistic accuracy is superseded by a requirement for cultural sensitivity.

Scientific texts are often treated as neutral and objective, and their translators are assumed to be invisible. This paper takes an opposing view and argues that the translator’s role in the process of communicating popular science is worthy of investigation. It first explores the notion of interaction in popular science texts, before operationalizing the concept of translation shift for the analysis of interactive features in source texts and their translations. The analysis uses a parallel corpus compiled from the Chinese and English editions of the popular science magazine Scientific American. Interactive features in the Chinese translations were found to occur much more frequently than in a Chinese reference corpus, and in some cases even more frequently than in the English source texts. The dominant trends identified in the corpus are discussed in terms of readers ’ participation, writer-reader solidarity, and writer’s and translator’s presence in the text. The textual findings are further di...

According to the polysystem theory (as described by Even-Zohar in 1990), translation tends to play a dominant role when the genre is new and young in the target system. This article discusses the genre of popular science as a new genre in Taiwan, and examines the potential influence of translations on non-translations. The Chinese edition of Scientific American published in Taiwan, which contains both translations from the English version and non-translations written by Taiwanese scientists, is used as the corpus. A reference corpus which represents the norm of the Chinese science writings is also included in the present study. The text analysis focuses particularly on the linguistic features that indicate how writers interact with the readers, including deixis, personal references, junction, and hedges. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses are carried out to investigate the potential influence. Based on the data collected from the magazine, this study finally suggests that the translations...