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In the process of financial analysis, an inevitable place belongs to the quantitative analytical methods. During the economic development, the analytical processes became more and more important, so that it conditioned their development. Applying various methods of analysis the financial statements such as the horizontal, vertical or ratio analysis, the operational management obtained the necessary information, but a new corpus of methods was constantly invented and developed for the strategic decision-making. In this context, the Data Mining methods also find their place. The subject of this paper is the application of one of the accepted methods of the Data Mining in the financial analysis on an example of a metal industry company, the so-called Group Method of Data Handling

The audit of agribusiness operations is present in companies with significant agricultural potential, which can be accepted as justified in our conditions. The agricultural sector is one of the development sectors in the Republic of Serbia, which necessarily represents a significant economic resource, and therefore the object of business audit. The factors of modern audit-based processes are conditioned by the complexity and subject specificities of the object being audited, which is expressed in the conditions of the agricultural sector. This paper will present the application of a quantitative planning method that is widely used in complex processes, and which can also be applied in the auditing processes of agricultural enterprises.

Business, as the movement of economic factors in a certain direction, implies continuous monitoring, regardless of whether it causes changes or maintains the existing state. In this sense, accounting is the most important part of the overall information system of every business entity whose information is indispensable to financial management when making decisions. In this paper, we will present the agricultural holding as a business entity as the main production-organizational unit in agriculture. From the aspect of profitability, agricultural farms can be viewed as farms that operate on a market principle (commercial), whose operations can be considered agribusiness and should be included in the VAT system, and those that operate on a non-market principle (non-commercial), which are engaged in production for own needs.

Classic companies are characterized and based on individual property and private initiative of individual owners. However, the processes of capital increase and the need for increasing ventures in production and trade, expansion of production and markets require the creation of large enterprises for the establishment of which was not enough accumulation of individual owner. The development of production on an ever-increasing scale and the constant pursuit of ever-increasing profits requires new forms of increasing capital, and even the association of individual capitals, although they have previously competed with each other. Such conditions lead to the functioning of a more modern form of business in the form of joint stock companies.

When compiling financial statements in accordance with IFRS, it is possible to apply several procedures and methods to capture the effects of certain events and transactions. The fact that the quality of accounting information is directly conditioned by the choice of accounting policies, the assessments made during the preparation of financial statements, as well as the professional judgment of the compiler of financial statements, there is an emphasized need to consider the scope of the target design of financial statements, since based on the information presented, the primary users of financial statements make decisions in the field of capital allocation. The aim of the work is to shed light on the area of conception and selection of accounting policies and thereby contribute to a better understanding of the presented financial information as a significant prerequisite for efficient decision-making by investors and the functioning of the capital market.

The paper will present the way in which the procurement audit process takes place in a particular settlement entity. The paper is presented in nine parts in a way that at the beginning of the paper defines key concepts, so through segregation and identification of risks in the procurement process, it is necessary to define the necessary criteria that must be met in the process of controlling procurement procedures. in the audit of the financial statements of the entity. As one of the most important business processes in the company is the audit of the procurement process due to the fact that it represents a significant component of financial statements, both balance sheet and income statement, the authors are of the opinion that the work will contribute to persons performing procurement activities. to manage the procurement audit process, identify problems in the same as well as ways in which problems could be overcome.

Preservation of the characteristics of agricultural and food products is directly correlated with the system of geographical indications. Today, in more than 150 countries around the world, geographical indications are in the service of guaranteeing quality, origin, method of production, often tradition and, finally, product safety. The authors point out the changes in consumer behaviour, the change in the propensity to consume products that are differentiated on the market by different forms of marking and certification, and the willingness to pay for the same products at premium prices. Additional labels have imposed themselves as the main means of valorizing products on the market. The authors point out the potential of Serbian agriculture and give recommendations to the legislator, but also to other competent institutions, in order to improve position of the overall national economy. Ecological, agriculture, based on the principles of non-GMO impurities, with a clear commitment to the integral principles of land cultivation represents the greatest potential of our country. Additional state measures that would support better education and improvement of the position of farmers, with careful strategic planning of agriculture on the already mentioned principles, would make it an accelerator of the overall economic development. Geographical indications as well as standardization and certification must be an indispensable tool along the way.

A key place in economic theory belongs to learning about the position of immediate creators, i.e. producers of goods in every socio-economic formation. This position and all relations in production and society depend significantly on the historical form of production of excess work and the way of appropriating excess work. Therefore, for analysis of the modern way of commodity agroproduction, it is necessary to dispose of information that is the basis for decision-making at the strategic level. This type of information is characterized by the accounting information system as one of the main sources of business information. For the subject of this work, we will take the modern way of agroproduction and creation of excess value, which in recent times, especially after the global economic crisis, is gaining increasing significance in both economic theory and economic reality.

The need for constant control of financial assets and related financial statements is a process that poses significant challenges. They are reflected both in the rules and in the different methodological approach whose implementation depends on many factors, primarily on the knowledge and experience of auditors who transfer their knowledge and experience to others. Once adopted, the report must not have elements of rigidity, because possible corrections in the perspective may indicate the shortcomings of the previous ones. In order for the auditor's reports to be adequate, the auditor's communication with the audited entities, i.e. its representatives, must be adequate. The ways of communication and data collection will be discussed in the paper itself. The reliability of the evidence collected by auditors depends on the method of data collection, which will also be one of the issues considered in the paper. The application of various methods of testing internal control depends on the conditions of their application.

The role and content of the financial function can be seen through the identification of its tasks. They determine the volume and method of organization of the financial function in agricultural enterprises. Hierarchical priorities of tasks, their volume and complexity, the impact on business efficiency are just some aspects that affect its organization. Multi-criteria optimization methods can be used in choosing the organization and setting the model of job specialization within the organizational structure of the financial function of agricultural enterprises. By applying the individual methods that have been applied so far, not all requirements could be fully covered, so in this paper we applied a hybrid optimization model - DEMATELTOPSIS. The DEMATEL method was used for obtaining the weighting coefficients of the criteria on the basis of which the evaluation of alternatives was performed. The selection of criteria for evaluating the model was based on the analysis of the available literature. Evaluation and selection of models was performed using a multicriteria method - TOPSIS. The paper presents the practical application and sensitivity analysis of the TOPSIS method.

For land rent, it is characteristic that it arises as a consequence of capital investment in the purchase of land, which is not a production investment, because capital is not invested for the reason of organizing agricultural production, the main reason of investing capital is to acquire certain ownership of land areas. In this paper, we will present the possibility of solving the problem of rent calculations using the economic application of the definite integral. First, we will show if the integral calcusus is applied in the rent calculation and then in the domain of its calculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optimal procurement is achieved by monitoring them from the very beginning of the planning process. Procurement planning, as one of the basic functions of procurement management, determines the goals, tasks and the way of their realization. The realization of procurement plans is realized through the purchase function of business entities, both from the domestic and foreign markets.

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Investing in capital projects accelerates the development of business entities and increases the effectiveness of business. The Aim is to invest in the appropriate new growth and development with less cost. In order to pay the investment to pay off, you must take care of the selection of the project type and purpose and the source It will be funded from. The Development of science has followed the needs of business, but since the connection between science and practice should be mutual, business entities have practically implemented scientific achievements and provide feedback to science. Thanks to this relationship, science has come to the indicators that facilitate business entities, including the beneficiaries of budget funds, to make regular decisions when choosing projects to invest in. The Proper selection of capital investments is the starting point of further activity of each beneficiary budget, which should positively affect economic growth and development, as well as to satisfy the general and common needs of society.

This paper describes models of price elasticity using quantitative indicators. By observing the interdependence between the elasticity of the demand for some goods and the total consumption expenditure for this commodity, which can be equated with the total income of producers who place those goods on the market, the elasticity can be expressed as a function. Accordingly, the elasticities of prices and demand have been calculated and analyzed for different product categories. The obtained results indicate that the higher the price of these goods, the higher the costs of customers, and thus the higher the sales revenue. On the other hand, the lower the price - the lower the expenses of customers, and therefore the lower the income of sellers. The elasticity of total costs in relation to the supply of goods was also analyzed and it has been shown that the coefficients of elasticity for average and total costs differ from one another by one.

Agroeconomic events follow the formation of relationships in the society regarding transactions that occur in market systems. Integration as a mathematical operation has wide application in solving certain agroeconomic changes. The dependence of application of integration in certain agroeconomic functions takes the dominant position in solving real problems. In this connection, we will show the application of an unspecified integral in some agroeconomic events. What will we try to contribute to the application of this kind of quantitative analysis on agroeconomic factors.

In efforts to achieve and sustain competitiveness and contribute to the goal of sustainable development of society, entity management requires information that will enable the adoption of adequate decisions. The changed business environment and the growing importance of the issues that emerge from the domain of traditional business, both spatial and temporal, have necessitated the monitoring of costs not only during the production phase, but throughout the entire grain cycle of the product. Since conventional cost accounting systems do not have the capacity to generate the above information, in theory and practice, a life cycle costing system (LCC) has been developed. The aim of the paper is to point out the specificity and importance of perceiving and capturing the impacts and consequential costs that arise during the life cycle of the product, with particular reference to agribusiness, precisely because of the complexity of optimizing costs in that sector.

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Audit is an instrument of government and company management, which helps in timely detection of weak points of internal control systems, prevention of abuse and illegal appropriation. At the same time, it proposes measures and activities to eliminate detected weaknesses within an organization and helps in the functioning of internal control systems. Audit is very important for storing accounting and financial records of an organization, as well as its management. Therefore, everybody is interested in auditing, from external auditors to management, board of directors, from shareholders of large public companies to the state.

Until recently the main instrument of state funding, the budget was only controlled by the existing system of a country's administrative control. Today there is budget audit as a special form of political control, which should contribute to a more appropriate and purposeful budget execution. It is still a condition sine qua non, i.e. an inevitable requirement for healthy public finances.

The working legal status of teachers in the higher education system is a multidimensional problem. Although often the legal system is moving away from mathematics, so that mathematics is not studied in law studies, in this case the mathematical relations using the Boolean algebra represent the basis for resolving problems regarding the status of teachers. Assumptions that can be taken from the normative acts, establish a relationship among themselves and as a result, a solution to this problem can be found, which will be presented in the paper.

Managing reserves of spare parts for agricultural machinery in agricultural farms represents one of the most important activities in securing smooth functioning, especially having in mind the imperative of continuous agricultural production. Aims of this study were to show how efficiency of the agricultural farms as a business subject can be secured by determining timely purchase of spare parts by using a stochastic model of supplies on one side and reduce the time of malfunction of agricultural machinery on the other. Study of optimal inventory level was conducted in agricultural holdings on the territory Banat in 2015 based on data on spare parts purchase and malfunction of agricultural machinery. Acquired data was related to frequency of defects and the need for spare parts, as well as the price of spare parts, where the data was processed with the use of stochastic model of supplies. The optimal number of spare parts for the observed equipment in the observed period was y*=4 with the probability of 85% that this amount of spare parts will be sufficient for all malfunctions on the equipment to be eliminated, while taking a 15% risk that one or two spare parts will be acquired with emergency procurements in case of extraordinary circumstances. The model of managing supplies represented in such a way provides an opportunity to be easily applied in agricultural farms, where the values of an optimal solution would be effectively got with previously chosen values of suitable parameters, thus minimizing total expected costs, which would include fixed costs, expenses caused by unsatisfied requests, where the time of waiting for the observed equipment to be fixed would be taken into account.

Almost all processes in the area of business management, especially those of determining reliability of the accounting-information system in business management are connected with certain risk, i.e. they are of a stochastic character, which means that every method for solving these problems must be related to the probability theory and corresponding mathematical-statistical methods. This is why it can be noted that only reliable means for determining the reliability rate of the accounting information system are corresponding mathematical-statistical methods. Having this in mind, in this paper we tried to have the problem of forming the risk rate in the area of reliability of the accounting system solved by applying methods based on stochastic processes of Markov's type.

Information in contemporary living and working conditions represent basis for survival. Research that follows the development of accounting system as a part of a business information system point to its ever growing significance. In connection to this, establishing such a system in a country's administration requires resources which would be, in contemporary economic development conditions, implemented in a certain know-how way. The defence system as a part of the budget system has a necessity for knowledge obrained by the information system in accounting and finance domain. Despite the fact that public debt and fiscal deficit are growing, allocation for such a system represent an investment which would contribute to racionalization of resource use and shorten the required time in the decision making process.

The complexity of the accounting system as the subsystem of management information system requires the continuous arrival of different types of data in different intervals which leads to an increase in complexity during its processing and presentation to management. Promoting the work and operations of military medical institutions requires the use of just such modern accounting information systems. Methods - Queuing system is used in this paper as the basis for positioning of information which needs to be processed within the accounting process, by adhering to certain limitations which are imposed by the specificity of the military medical system which is established. Conclusion - Basis of this information system is comprised of three subsystems, which are financial accounting, managerial accounting and cost accounting. Conditioning processing of data in the accounting process, adhering to accounting principles, primarily the principle of realization, it is very significant that this system supports information which is objectified in the form of accounting documents, so it can be processed and given to its users u military medical institutions.

The subject of this research is empirical analysis of the factors which have influence on economic growth, whereas the main aim is to suggest adequate ways to overcome problems. We have analyzed the influence of budget deficit, personal consumption, inflation, real exchange rate, foreign trade balance and foreign direct investments (FDI) on economic growth. Furthermore, we measured the influence factors on the presence and movement of the budget deficit. Research paper uses the data obtained from the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, World Bank and the IMF for the time period 2001-2011 and has been applied regression analysis method. Research results indicate that the real exchange rate, personal consumption and foreign trade balance are statistically significant for anticipating economic growth developments. Contrary to our expectations, the empirical analysis showed that FDI have a negative influence on the economic growth. The coefficient 'public debt' is statistically significant and has a positive influence on the increase of budget deficit, whereas the increase of SDI and trade openness triggers a decrease in budget deficit. This research starts from the hypothesis that financing deficit limits economic growth and the inflow of FDI can't provide long-term economic growth. In the coming period Serbia needs to take advantage of the available resources and managing public finances, obeying laws and regulations and continuing with reforms are fundamental for achieving a stable business environment.

The object of the research paper is to perform an empirical analysis of foreign direct investment (FDI) influence on economic growth with the aim of establishing factors that will contribute to overcoming the problem. The research results imply that realistic exchange rate, export and import as well as state expenditures are statistically significant for predicting economic growth movement and they have a positive influence on FDI movement. Empirical analysis, contrary to expectations, has shown that FDI, public debt and openness have a negative impact on economic growth in the case of Republic of Serbia. In the following period Serbia has to decrease the share of budget deficit in GDP and control public debt. Serbia has to pay special attention to improving investment environment and encourage export oriented production, whereas finance management and continuation of reform processes are the basis for establishing sustainable development of country, with sustainable use of available resources.

Establishment of a rational management of assets made available to the users of public resources represents the basic task of the financial function of every accounting information system. Spending units realize their financial-accounting function through an unique consolidated treasury account, by which the starting point for setting up a financial discipline is made. In this respect the need for maintaining permanent solvency of the account appears, in order to timely execute the liabilities created on the account of the spending units. In this paper we will deal with a model of tracking and establishing an adequate system for maintaining the solvency of the spending units, as well as the methodology for grading investment projects in the public sector.

Due to economic differentiation in the world negative effects occurred at a global level. Non-global approach to the problem in rich countries caused the pollution to become a global problem because of their policies of transferring 'dirty' technologies into 'third world' countries. This is why it is necessary to introduce the solution of the global problem in economic dimension by introducing oxygen as the fifth main productive element, the others being soil, labour, capital and knowledge. In connection to this, growing consumption and feedback in production cause growing oxygen consumption through their visible forms.

The tendency of continuous compounding of business processes inevitably leads to application of increasingly complex instruments for the purposes of financial reporting in agribusiness. In this system the existential place and role of individual elements that alter the existing and acquire new functions comes into question. Balancing implies a regulated and consistent system in which every change leads to the creation of new relations and changing already established relationships. In this regard, in this paper we will focus on the place and role of tax balance in the group of special balances in agribusiness, as a very significant group of accounting instruments. Displaying information for users and situations in which they are used, balances gain their place in this classification. For the purposes of applying financial instruments, referring primarily to balances in agribusiness, it is necessary to know the way of their classification according to their functions. From this aspect, tax balance in agribusiness is a specific report, both in terms of its formal and material structure, which gives it the basis to belong to ordinary as well as special types of balances in agribusiness.

Applying irrigation get high production results and economics of investments in irrigation systems points out that this measure in agricultural production should be given a priority. By irrigation can stabilize, i.e. increase food production and encourage the development of livestock breeding, processing and other branches of economy in the region of Vojvodina and Srem area. Accordingly, the basic goals of the research are: 1) evaluation of factors of agricultural development with the analysis of impact to the planned construction and exploitation of the irrigation system, 2) market aspects of establishing the irrigation system with water of Srem region, 3) evaluation of market efficiency of agricultural production and 4) defining approach for determination of a new sowing structure under irrigation. Research has shown that irrigation increases the agricultural production efficiency, there makes impact to sowing structure change, and the market surpluses on the international market can be sold, by using the existing international agreements, signed by the Republic of Serbia. However, besides a great potential in the sector of agricultural production, as the result of favourable climatic conditions, natural land characteristics and available water resources, signed agreements on free trade - the potentials in agro-food sector have not been sufficiently used.

Introduction. Otitic complications arise from expansion of the middle ear infection. Subdural empyema is a rare otitic complication, and both retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscesses have been described in just a few cases. Case report. A 30-year-old male was, admitted as an emergency case because of breathing difficulties, secretion from the ear, and fever. Clinical examination had shown a purulent, fetid secretion from the ear, swelling on the roof of epipharynx, left tonsil pushed medialy, immobile epiglottis, reduced breathing space. Computed tomography revealed thick hypodense content filling cavity, mastoid entering the posterior cranial fossa, descending down throw the parapharyngeal space to the mesopharynx. On the roof and posterior wall of the epipharynx hypodense collection was also present. Tracheotomy was conducted, and incision of the parapharyngeal and retropharyngeal abscess and radical tympanomastoidectomy were performed. The patient’s state deteriorated on the tenth postoperative day with hemiparesis and consciousness disorder. Magnetic resonance imaging was done. It showed subdural empyema of the left frontoparietal region and next to the falx, so craniotomy and abscess drainage were conducted. Conclusion. Parapharyngeal, retropharyngeal abscess and subdural empyema are rare otitic complications. Adequate antibiotic therapy and radical surgical treatment make possible an outcome with survival.

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