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Funding agencies: Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) grant nr. UID/ECO/00124/2013 and UID/ECO/00124/2019; Social Sciences DataLab (grant nr. LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-022209); POR Lisboa (grant nr. LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-022209 and LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER -007722); POR Norte (grant nr. LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-022209); Inter American Development Bank, Initiative for International Impact Evaluation (grant nr. 3ie: OW2.216); National Science Foundation (NSF) grant nr. SES 11239945, 1123993 and DIMeco Ile-de-France. In developing countries most migrants are internal migrants, yet there is limited evidence to show whether internal migrants represent a source of insurance to the original household or vice versa. I test the insurance role of transfers sent and received by young migrants by estimating the causal impact of income shocks in the migrants’ locations of origin and destination on inter-household transfers. Rainfall shocks are found to lead to changes in income but not in consumption, indicating that households are able to smooth consumption. I find that young migrants provide insurance to their original households and that the level of insurance increases when migrants and households are exposed to low correlated rainfall shocks. This article shows evidence of bilateral insurance between rural migrants and their original households when the differences in the intensity of the shocks increase. These results provide new evidence of risk-sharing strategies among households geographically spread around a country. authorsversion published

Conditional cash transfer programs have become a popular social protection tool in developing countries. They aim to reduce short-term poverty through cash transfers and long-term poverty through enhancing investments in human capital. While numerous evaluations of CCTs show positive short-term impacts, there is limited evidence on whether these benefits translate into sustained long-term gains. This paper uses the municipal-level randomized assignment of a 5-year CCT program in Honduras to estimate long-term effects 13 years after program start on a wide set cohorts who benefitted from the program either during early childhood or at school-going ages. We estimate ITT effects using individual-level data from the population census, which allows assignment of individuals to their municipality of birth circumventing usual selection concerns. Results show significant increases in grade attainment for different cohorts of non-indigenous girls and boys. This is reflected in increases in secondary school completion rates and the probability of reaching university studies with more then 50 percent for those exposed at school-going ages. Educational gains are much more limited for indigenous children, though grades attained increases significantly for some cohorts of indigenous girls. Finally exposure to the CCT more than doubles the probability of international migration of young men, from 3 to 7 percentage points.

El objetivo del estudio es determinar el efecto del uso de los materiales no estructurados en el aprendizaje de las nociones matemáticas básicas en los niños de 5 años de la IEI “Modulo la Ensenada de Chillón”, el propósito del estudio es lograr la adquisición de nociones básicas. El estudio consistió en una investigación aplicada, desarrollada bajo un diseño experimental en 75 niños de cinco años que conformaban esta población infantil, la muestra estuvo conformada por el total de las tres aulas de niños de 5 años. El diseño del estudio fue preexperimental, desarrollándose 14 sesiones de aprendizaje, en la evaluación por observación se empleó como instrumento una ficha de observación para registrar las observaciones Los resultados mostraron que el 88% de los niños no mostraron un desarrollo completo de la nociones matemáticas básicas antes de que se ejecutara el módulo y después de ello el 100% mostró haber logrado un desarrollo adecuado de las nociones; concluyéndose que el uso de los materiales no estructurados tuvo un efecto positivo y significativo (p valor = 0,000) al incrementarse el desarrollo de las nociones matemáticas básicas en este grupo de niños Lima Norte Escuela de Posgrado Innovaciones Pedagógicas

Numerous evaluations of conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs show positive short-term impacts, but there is only limited evidence on whether these benefits translate into sustained longer-term gains. This paper uses the municipal-level randomized assignment of a CCT program implemented for five years in Honduras to estimate long-term effects 13 years after the program began. We estimate intent-to-treat effects using individual-level data from the population census, which allows assignment of individuals to their municipality of birth, thereby circumventing migration selection concerns. For the non-indigenous, we find positive and robust impacts on educational outcomes for cohorts of a very wide age range. These include increases of more than 50 percent for secondary school completion rates and the probability of reaching university studies for those exposed at school-going ages. They also include substantive gains for grades attained and current enrollment for others exposed during early childhood, raising the possibility of further gains going forward. Educational gains are, however, more limited for the indigenous. Finally, exposure to the CCT increased the probability of international migration for young men, from 3 to 7 percentage points, also stronger for the non-indigenous. Both early childhood exposure to the nutrition and health components of the CCT as well as exposure during school-going ages to the educational components led to sustained increases in human capital.

La oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea (ECMO) es una forma de soporte vital extracorpóreo. Un circuito o sistema de circulación artificial externo conduce sangre venosa desde el paciente a un oxigenador, donde se añade oxígeno y se desprende dióxido de carbono, y a continuación, la sangre se devuelve a la circulación del paciente. Dependiendo de si su configuración es venovenosa (VV) o venoarterial, la ECMO se utiliza como apoyo temporal de la función respiratoria, de la función circulatoria o de ambas. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar la experiencia inicial del hospital universitario Son Espases (Palma) con el sistema ECMO VV al tratarse del único centro en las Islas Baleares capaz de ofrecer dicho tratamiento. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a form of extracorporeal life support. An external artificial circulation or circuit carries venous blood from the patient to an oxygenator, where oxygen is added and carbon dioxide removed, then the blood is returned to the patient circulation. Depending on its configuration –venovenous (VV) or venoarterial–, ECMO is temporarily used to support respiratory function, circulation, or both. The objective of this publication is to review the initial experience at Son Espases University Hospital (Palma) using VV ECMO, unique centre in the Balearic Island with the capability of providing this therapy.

La oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea (ECMO) es una forma de soporte vital extracorpóreo. Un circuito o sistema de circulación artificial externo conduce sangre venosa desde el paciente a un oxigenador, donde se añade oxígeno y se desprende dióxido de carbono, y a continuación, la sangre se devuelve a la circulación del paciente. Dependiendo de si su configuración es venovenosa (VV) o venoarterial, la ECMO se utiliza como apoyo temporal de la función respiratoria, de la función circulatoria o de ambas. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar la experiencia inicial del hospital universitario Son Espases (Palma) con el sistema ECMO VV al tratarse del único centro en las Islas Baleares capaz de ofrecer dicho tratamiento., Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a form of extracorporeal life support. An external artificial circulation or circuit carries venous blood from the patient to an oxygenator, where oxygen is added and carbon dioxide removed, then the blood is returned to the patient circulation. Depending on its configuration –venovenous (VV) or venoarterial–, ECMO is temporarily used to support respiratory function, circulation, or both. The objective of this publication is to review the initial experience at Son Espases University Hospital (Palma) using VV ECMO, unique centre in the Balearic Island with the capability of providing this therapy.

This paper starts from a review of RCT studies in development economics, and documents many studies largely ignore attrition once attrition rates are found balanced between treatment arms. The paper analyzes the implications of attrition for the internal and external validity of the results of a randomized experiment with balanced attrition rates, and proposes a new method to correct for attrition bias. We rely on a 10-years longitudinal data set with a final attrition rate of 10 percent, obtained after intensive tracking of migrants, and document the sensitivity of ITT estimates for schooling gains and labour market outcomes for a social program in Nicaragua. We find that not including those found during the intensive tracking leads to an overestimate of the ITT effects for the target population by more than 35 percent, and that selection into attrition is driven by observable baseline characteristics. We propose to correct for attrition using inverse probability weighting with estimates of weights that exploit the similarities between missing individuals and those found during an intensive tracking phase. We compare these estimates with alternative strategies using regression adjustment, standard weights, bounds or proxy information.

Three recombinant inbred populations (RIP-1, RIP-7 and RIP-10) were used to validate and saturate the target area involved in the resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris race 0 (Foc0) in chickpeas. With the aim of physically localizing the genetic area controlling Foc0 resistance, a new genetic map of the linkage group 5 (LG5) and a physical map of the Ca5 pseudomolecule were drawn up and compared. The genetic and physical between CaGM20820 and CaGM20889 (16759541–17501349 bp) within an interval of 2 cM comprising 27 annotated genes. Only two of the annotated genes in this region could mapping results obtained were useful to refine the position of the target area be involved in resistance mechanisms. The three RIPs were used to develop three pairs of near isogenic lines (NILs) for resistance/susceptibility to Foc0. NILs are a valuable tool for fine mapping, refining the target region and selecting candidate genes for resistance to Foc0. The information reported in this paper will help develop diagnostic markers, considered useful tools for MAS in chickpea breeding programs., W. Jendoubi was supported by a fellowship from the MESRT (Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique-Tunisie) and the Tunisian Project on Chickpeas (Efficacité de la sélection assistée par marqueurs dans la détection de génotypes de pois chiche résistants aux principales maladies fongiques en Tunisie) funded by IRESA (Institution de la Recherche et de l’Enseignement Supérieur Agricole- Ministère de l’Agriculture).

Trabajo presentado en el XL Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Genética, celebrado en Córdoba del 16 al 18 de septiembre de 2015., El garbanzo es la segunda leguminosa grano más cultivada en el mundo. Hasta la fecha, se han llevado a cabo programas de mejora para desarrollar variedades competitivas, pero se requieren nuevas estrategias y herramientas, que faciliten avanzar en la mejora de un modo más eficiente. La disponibilidad de poblaciones de líneas recombinantes y líneas casi isogénicas ha permitido posicionar genes y QTLs (Quantitative Trait Loci) de interés en el genoma de garbanzo. La combinación de la información de los mapas genéticos junto con la secuenciación del genoma del garbanzo supone una poderosa herramienta para detectar nuevos marcadores asociados a caracteres de interés agronómico. En nuestro grupo se ha empleado esta estrategia con el fin de identificar genes candidatos o marcadores diagnóstico para resistencia a enfermedades y caracteres adaptativos, siguiendo el siguiente esquema: - Identificación de marcadores asociados a caracter es de interés agronómico en el mapa genético. - Empleo de la secuencia completa del genoma para determinar la posición en el mapa físico de los marcadores seleccionados. - Diseño de nuevos marcadores para hacer mapeo fino en la región de interés basándonos en la secuencia del genoma. - Genotipado de estos marcadores en las líneas parentales de nuestras poblaciones segregantes para detectar polimorfismos. En el caso de obtener marcadores monomórficos no se puede continuar. Si disponemos de marcadores polimórficos se evalúan en todos los individuos de las poblaciones con el fin de realizar nuevos estudios de ligamiento. - Este proceso nos permite acotar la región de interés y seleccionar un número reducido de genes candidatos. Un ejemplo, sería el desarrollo de marcadores asociados a resistencia a fusarium causada por Fusarium oxysporum La resistencia a las distintas razas de este patógeno tiene un control oligogénico y se ha descrito un agrupamiento de genes de resistencia a esta enfermedad en el GL2 del mapa genético de garbanzo. Siguiendo este mismo esquema, se han detectado genes candidatos para otros caracteres de interés agronómico como floración, doble vaina y porte y se están saturando regiones donde se localizan QTLs que controlan la resistencia a otras enfermedades de gran importancia en garbanzo como la rabia y la roya., Este trabajo ha sido financiado por el proyecto INIA RTA2013-00025, cofinanciado por la Unión Europea, fondos FEDER 2014-2020 Programa Operativo de Crecimiento Inteligente.

Trabajo presentado en la V Meeting Asociación Española de Leguminosas, AEL (Eucarpia International Symposium on Protein Crops), celebrada en Pontevedra del 4 al 7 de mayo de 2015., Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend: Fr. f. sp. ciceris (Padwick) Matuto & K. Sato, is the major soil-borne fungus affecting chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.). The disease has been reported from almost all of the world’s chickpea growing areas. Resistance reaction to different races has oligogenic control being implicated from one to three genes. In order to saturate the area near the STMS (Sequence Tagged Microsatellite Sited) marker TA59 in LG2 (Linkage Group), highly associated with the resistance to fusarium, new STMS or gene specific markers with a known position in the genome of chickpea were selected. Four of the selected markers could be included in the genetic maps of two different RIL (Recombinant Inbred Lines) populations used in this study. In addition, pairs of NILs (Near Isogenic Lines) with resistance/susceptibility to fusarium were characterized using the same markers. Taking into account markers’s position in the physical map and genotypes in RILs, recombinant lines in this area were selected. Joining the information in RILs and NILs it was possible to select the area between 23224495..24088040 pb in chromosome 2 (Ca2) to search for candidate genes. In this window there are thirty genes and four of them could be considered candidate genes for their possible implication in resistance to fusarium.

To test whether transfers sent and received by regional migrants serve an insurance role, this paper estimates the causal impact of income shocks at a migrant's origin and destination location on the bilateral transfer of funds. Using rainfall shocks in rural Nicaragua, I find that migrants aged 15-21 years provide unilateral insurance to their origin household. Distinguishing by destination and economic activity I show that the level of insurance increases when migrants and households are exposed to less correlated shocks. In addition, I find evidence of bilateral insurance among rural migrants exposed to rainfall shocks with low levels of correlation with respect to shocks occurring at origin.