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Aim: To estimate the frequency and severity of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STSEAMI), to specify whether the changes in diuresis and serum creatinine levels are equally sensitive diagnostic criteria for AKI, and to define their prognostic value., Subjects and Methods: Three hundred and nineteen patients (249 (78%) men and 70 (22%) women; age 58 +/- 10 years) with STSEAMI who received thrombolytic therapy (TLT) were examined. The diagnosis of STSEAMI, indications for and contraindications to TLT, evaluation of its efficiency were made in accordance with the All-Russian Scientific Society of Cardiology guidelines (2007). AKI was diagnosed and classified using the KDIGO guidelines (2012)., Results: AKI was diagnosed in terms of diuresis, calculated creatinine levels, and creatinine level changes in 107 (34%), 73 (23%), and 68 (22%) patients, respectively. Among the patients with AKI diagnosed in view of diuresis, in-hospital death rates were higher than in those without AKI (chi2 = 25.46; p < 0.001); the similar pattern was seen in patients with AKI diagnosed in terms of calculated creatinine levels (chi2 = 3.99; p = 0.045). Logistic regression analysis indicated that regardless of gender, age, and time interval between onset of clinical manifestation and hospital admission, the in-hospital death rates were associated with the presence of AKI in view of diuresis (relative risk 14; 95% confidence interval, 4.03 to 52.08; p < 0.001)., Conclusion: The STSEAMI patents receiving TLT exhibited a high rate of AKI. The major problem in the early detection of AKI is associated with difficulties in the differential diagnosis of AKI and chronic kidney disease. AKI diagnosed in view of diuresis is of greater prognostic value for in-hospital mortality than that diagnosed in terms of creatinine levels. The diagnosis of renal dysfunction in view of basal creatinine levels is prognostically important despite the fact that this cannot differentiate AKI from chronic kidney disease in the early stage.

Clinical and laboratory indices of intoxication and hemorheology disorders that arise during acute viral infection in children have been studied. It is established for the first time that reamberine is capable of reducing the plasma and blood viscosity and can be used in the program of infusion therapy of high blood viscosity syndrome in children with acute respiratory viral infections. One of the positive mechanisms of reamberin clinical performance is its positive impact on microcirculation and hemorheology. Thus, reamberin can be considered as a means of pathogenetic therapy in acute period of infectious toxicosis during acute respiratory viral infections in children.

The combined action of polyene macrolide antibiotic amphotericin B and styryl dye RH 421 in model lipid membranes and in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been studied. RH 421 insertion inti the ergosterol-containing lipid bilayers led to the increase of the steady-state number of open amphotericin channels by 8.5 +/- 3.2 times. Paper disk agar diffusion method has demonstrated that RH 421 enhanced the antimicrobial effect of amphotericin B leading to an increase in the zone of growth inhibition of S. cerevisiae strain by 1.5 times. Our data suggest that RH 421 is a potential synergist of amphotericin B and can be used in new formulations with improved pharmacological properties.

This article presents the results of monitoring in a group of children with severe forms of acute respiratory viral infection and toxic encephalopathy. Hemorheological disorder in the form of hyperviscosity syndrome has been detected in all patients with severe forms of acute respiratory viral infection. It was suggested the inclusion of cytoflavin in the complex therapy for correcting the hemorheological status. The administration of cytoflavin led to reduction of erythrocyte aggregation and general improvements in rheological indices of children with severe forms of acute respiratory viral infection and toxic encephalopathy.

Aim of the study was to assess rate and severity of acute kidney injury (AKJ) (RIFLE and AKIN criteria) in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), to determine relationship between AKJ, mortality and effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy (TLT). We examined 146 patients (117 men, 29 women, mean age 56.7+/-10.8 ) with STEMI subjected to TLT with streptokinase. AKJ was diagnosed and classified according to RIFLE and AKIN criteria by creatinine (RIFLECr, AKINCr) and diuresis (RIFLEou, AKINou). TLT was effective in 104(71%) patients. AKJ was found in 74 (51%) according to RIFLECr and in 86 (59%) - AKINCr, in 51 (35%) - RIFLEou and AKINou criteria. Eight patients 8 (5%) died. Results of logistic regression analysis showed that AKJ according to RIFLEou or AKINou irrespective of sex, age, and time after appearance of symptoms to hospitalization, was associated with mortality (relative risk [RR] 12.9, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.45-115,58, p=0.002). Thus more than 50% of STEMI patients have AKJ according to RIFLECr AKINCr criteria. Frequency of AKJ according to RIFLEou and AKINou was by 40% and one third less than that according to AKINCr and RIFLECr, respectively. Presence of AKJ was associated with TLT inefficacy and elevation of mortality.

The combined treatment of patients presenting with dorsopathies and concomitant osteoarthrosis using magnetic stimulation, ultrasonic and peloidotherapy was shown to promote the recovery of the locomotor function of the vertebral column and the affected limb joints, alleviate pain sensation, and exert anti-inflammatory effect. Moreover, it contributed to the improvement of the overall orthopedic situation in the region. The inclusion of vibrotraction in the combined treatment of patients presenting with dorsopathies and concomitant osteoarthrosis resulted in a marked decrease of the severity of static and dynamic disturbances of the spine, increase in the activity of spinal muscles, extension of the range of locomotor movements, and improvement of working ability of the patients.

The effect of the yeast red pigment, the result of polymerization of AIR, and of its low molecular weight derivative (presumably devoid of phosphoribosyl moiety) on the formation of amyloid fibrils in vitro was studied. Both the red pigment and its derivative, the result of acid hydrolysis of the original pigment, were shown to diminish the intensity of amyloid bound Thioflavine T fluorescence. Correlation between the decrease of the intensity of Thioflavine T fluorescence and the concentration of both forms of the red pigment was demonstrated. Both forms were also able to compete with Thioflavine T for amyloid fibrils. Electron microscopy permitted to visualize a drop of fibril size in the case of red pigments presence during their formation.

The current health conditions dictate the need to reduce the time of patient treatment in hospital and require rational use of drugs. Reduction of the duration of intoxication syndrome in severe forms of intestinal infections in children depends on infusion therapy and choice of solutions for intravenous administration. Reamberin is generation IV infusion preparation for intensive care, representing a balanced isotonic detoxicant infusion solution based on succinic acid. Using reamberin ensures a significant decrease in the time of stay in hospital for children with severe forms of intestinal infections, which is achieved by reducing the duration of endogenous intoxication.

The results of observations in a group of 80 young patients aged 1-14 years with diagnosis of primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection are presented. Hemorheological disorders arising from the EBV mononucleosis were identified. The results of using reamberin in the infusion therapy for the correction of hemorheological disorders have been analyzed. It is established that reamberine infusion reduces the plasma viscosity and blood viscosity, rapidly improves the condition of children, and restores hemodynamic indices. The use of reamberine helped to reduce the duration of hospital treatment for patients with severe EBV mononucleosis.

A comparative investigation of the dynamics of contractile properties of the whole soleus muscle and its fibers during 3- and 12-day-long hind limb suspension of Wistar rats and Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) has been performed. The data obtained indicate that the structural and functional changes caused by hypogravity in gerbils are slowed down compared with rats. A very intensive drop in water containment in gerbils was found, which can cause shifts in the ionic strength of the intracellular space of the muscle fiber. As a result, the photolytic activity of different enzymes may change, which can induce a less pronounced reduction in Z-disc and M-line stiffness and contractile capabilities in gerbils compared to rats.

Administration of reamberin leads to rapid reduction of the intoxication symptoms, improves general condition, and reduces fever stage duration. The dynamics of inflammatory symptoms is characterized by decreasing duration of hemocolitis in comparison that in patients receiving glucose-salt solutions. Reamberin accelerates normalization of the chemiluminescence indices, reduces the intensity of oxidative processes (to within 3-5 days) in patients with high level of free-radical oxidation, and leads to decreasing endogenous intoxication on early terms of the disease. Removal of the dysbalance between oxidation and antioxidant systems, especially in cases of serious shigellosis and in patients with high level of lipid peroxidation, favors a decrease in the damaging action of free radicals and eliminates metabolic disturbances in children within early reconvalesce period.

Results are presented for a group of 299 patients aged 1-14 with primary Epstein--Barr viral infection. Features of the process of a infectious mononucleosis are revealed for various kinds of immunocorrection therapy. A clinical-economic estimation of the immunocorrection therapy in children with primary Epstein-Barr viral infection has been performed.

A new approach: comparative analysis of proteins of the pellets of crude cell lysates of isogenic strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae differing by their prion composition permitted to identify a large group of prion-associated proteins in yeast cells. 2D-electrophoresis followed by MALDI-analysis of a recipient [psi-] strain and of [PSI+] cytoductant led to identification of 35 proteins whose aggregation state responded to a shift of prion(s) content. Approximately half of these proteins belonged to functional groups of chaperones and enzyme involved in glucose metabolism. Notable were also proteins involved in translation, in oxidative stress response and in protein degradation. The data obtained are compared with the results of other groups who used other approaches to detecting proteins involved in prion aggregates.

Amyloid bound thioflavine T fluorescence was studied in the lysates of yeast strains carrying mutations in genes ADE1 or ADE2 and accumulating red pigment, a result of polymerization of aminoimidazoleribotide (an intermediate of adenine biosynthesis). The fluorescence is drastically enhanced in the case of cells grown in media containing high concentration of adenine (100 mg/l) that blocks accumulation of red pigment. Blocks at first stages of purine biosynthesis de novo also impede red pigment and lead to the same effect on thioflavine fluorescence. At the same time induction of mutations in genes ADE1 or ADE2 in originally white prototrophic strains leads to considerable drop of fluorescence. A fraction of protein polymers was studied by agarose gel electrophoresis and this permitted to conclude that lowering of fluorescence intensity is indeed connected with the decrease of amyloid amount in cells accumulating red pigment. Model experiments with insulin fibers demonstrate that red pigment binds fibrils and blocks their interaction with Thioflavine T. 2D-electrophoretic comparison of pellet proteins of red and white isogenic strains, followed by MALDI, allowed identification of 23 pigment-dependent proteins. These proteins mostly belong to functional classes of chaperones and proteins, involved in glucose metabolism, closely corresponding to prion-dependent proteins characterized in our previous work. We suppose that, binding amyloid fibrils, red pigment hinders formation of prion aggregates and also, blocking fibril contact with chaperones, impedes prion propagation.

The purification and comparative characterization of some catalytic properties of liver mitochondrial and cytosolic NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase (NAD-MDH; EC 1.1.1.37) from normal rats and rats with experimental toxic hepatitis (ETH) have been carried out. It has been found that there are some differences in catalytic and regulatory properties of liver NAD-MDH from control animals and rats with ETH. It has been shown that Fe2+ and Cu2+ ions inhibit the enzyme, and the inhibition degree is different at norm and under toxic hepatitis. Ca2+ ions insignificantly activate cytosolic NAD-MDH under pathology and do not influence the mitochondrial isoform.

An attempt was made at estimating the overall amyloid content of yeast cells by treating crude cellular lysates with thioflavin T, the agent specifically staining amyloid fibrils. We demonstrated that overproduction of the yeast chaperone Hsp104p, as well as GuHCI treatment of the [PSI+] cells led both to elimination of the [PSI+] factor and to a stable decrease of the overall amyloid content estimated by intensity of fluorescence (IF) of the thioflavin T. At the same time, overexpression of gene SUP35, coding the protein prionizable to [PSI+], led to generation of [PSI+] clones with higher IF of thioflavin T. Cytoduction in the crosses involving PSI factor leads to considerable enhancement of IF; cytoductants with the nucleus of the recipient [psi-] strain not only got [PSI+] factor from the donor strain but also increased their amyloid content. In these model experiments all treatments modifying one of the yeast prions, [PSI+] factor, led to a predictable shift of IF of thioflavin T that behaved like a cytoplasmic hereditary determinant. The data obtained show that IF of thioflavin T staining gives reliable estimates of cellular amyloid content and that mitotically stable shift of IF after a battery of treatments modifying cellular prion set provides quantitative estimate of the input of prionizable protein molecules to the amyloid pool. The combination of thioflavin staining and prionotropic treatments applied here can be possibly used for future attempts of checking yeast strains for cryptic prions.

The clinical manifestations of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL)-associated lesions of thoracic or abdominal organs and tissues, and the results of application of radiodiagnostic techniques in 414 children with the disease, were analyzed. The results of the analysis of radiological and ultrasonographic manifestations of thoracic and abdominal lesions in children with NHL make it possible to perform more effective early diagnostics of the disease in wide healthcare practice. Also, these results confirm the mandatory character of the general principle of pediatric tumor diagnosis, i.e. complex application of clinical, morphological, endoscopic, laboratory, and radiological techniques, including routine X-ray diagnostics, computed tomography, ultrasound tomography, and radioisotopic examination.

The present study was undertaken to comparatively assess the health status of organized preschool children living under varying man-made pollution. Pilot and control districts differing in the level of man-made ambient air pollution were identified. The morbidity and physical development of children in these areas were studied. Fewer healthy children and more ailing children, more children with dysfunctions of organs and systems, and more sick children, as well as more physically retarded children were detected in the higher man-made loaded district of an industrial town.

Research results of the central hemodynamics, microcirculation and of oxygen status are described for 48 children (aged 8 months to 14 years) as observed during surgeries aggravated by massive hemorrhage in the routine infusion-transfusion therapy plus a 6% solution of INFUKOL GEK. Solution dosages of 6% were approved; the drug's positive effect on the central-hemodynamics condition, microcirculation and on the oxygen regime, as observed in the process of the infusion therapy made to compensate for a massive blood loss, was demonstrated; besides, the related shrinking of the infusion therapy total volume and the possibility to give up totally or to significantly reduce the blood-drug preparations, administered intraoperatively, were shown.

The role of plasminogen activators in the regulation of key processes of atherosclerosis progression stays unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), its receptor (uPAR) and the plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) in human aorta, and to balance them with the stage of atherosclerotic lesion. We have shown that uPA and uPAR in normal aorta are mostly expressed by intimal smooth muscle cells. The expression of these proteins was up-regulated in diseased aorta compared to normal artery. The most part of cells in both fatty streak and fibro-fatty lesion were monocytes/macrophages, and about 60% of these cells expressed uPA and its receptor. PAI-1 was mostly localized on the lumonal part of the aorta and in the extracellular matrix of the intima. We observed a moderate increase of PAI-1 expression in atherosclerotic lesion. Thus, our data indicate participation of plasminogen system in atherogenesis.

The frequency and indications to colostoma formation are shown that were performed during the recent military conflicts in 40-70% of the wounded with large intestinal injuries. The authors state the indications to colostoma formation in the injuries of extra- and intra-abdominal parts of rectum and colon as well as the conditions when colostoma could be avoided. Different methods of colostoma formation and technical details are presented. In field surgery it is reasonable to apply the more simple methods. The operation defects, colostoma complications, measures of their prevention and treatment are discussed in details. The authors distinguish the complications developed in the early postoperative periods and colostoma diseases having independent significance and which become manifestative in 2-3 months after operation.

Forty-one patients with type II diabetes mellitus were examined, divided into four groups administered various types of treatment: (1) diets, (2) predian, (3) glibenclamide, and (4) sugar-reducing drugs and insulin. All the patients were prescribed vitamin E in daily doses 600 and 1200 mg. The results indicate that vitamin E in high doses stimulates pancreatic insulin-producing function and is conducive to normalization of lipid peroxidation no matter what kind of therapy is administered.

The injection of acetylcholine (15 to 150 micrograms/100 g) to rats or preincubation in the hepatic homogenate with acetylcholine (10(-6) to 10(-3) M) induces a decrease in the catalase activity, mainly in its bound form. Acetylcholine effect does not manifest in the presence of actinomycine D and puromycine. Noradrenaline injection to animals (1.5 to 15 micrograms/100 g) or preincubation of the hepatic homogenate with noradrenaline (10(-6) to 10(-3) M) produces a rise of the catalase activity (mainly of its bound form), being blocked by actinomycine D and non-blocked by propranolol. Acetylcholine- and noradrenaline action on the catalase level is not mediated by cyclic nucleotides and may be considered as intracellular hormonal effect.

The authors present the results of prospective study of the blood serum lipids (total cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoproteid fractions) in 132 patients with diabetes mellitus aged from 35 to 60 years and in 47 healthy persons of the same age (control group). The majority of the patients examined (60.6%) showed hyperlipidemia; types II and IV were most frequent. An increase in the content of the probeta-lipoproteid fraction and hypertriglyceridemia were mostly encountered in patients with macroangiopathies, particularly in the presence of adiposity. There was revealed no significant relationship between the frequency of hyperlipidemia and the severity of diabetes mellitus. However, the most distinct lipid disturbances were found in the patients with the disease of moderate severity. This was apparently connected with the prevalence in this group of persons with an excessive weight. As revealed, the incidence of hyperlipidemia rose on account of increased level of both total cholesterol and of triglycerides (with a tendency to their greater content in women).

The authors elaborated the main principles of diet therapy in diabetics with adipostiy: their weight was normalized with the aid of a low caloric diet with limited amount of carbohydrates and fats, but with the normal protein content. Two groups should be distinguished among the adipose patients: those without diabetic ketoaoidosis in the anamnesis or during the observation period; their diet differed by the extent of limiting of carbohydrates. As a result of the treatment carbohydrate metabolism was compensated with normalization of the glycemic curve; a tendency to normalization of lipid metabolism was noted; immunoreactive properties of the organism were increased.

The examination of 448 patients with diabetes mellitus has shown that the use of indices of cholesterol, nonesterified fatty acids, ketone bodies, residual nitrogen, urea and creatinine using range normal limits permits the assessment in combination with clinical findings of the state of compensation. Change in the state of fat and protein metabolism was shown to be related, to a great extent, with a type of diabetes rather than with a patient's age.