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Peter Ellis discusses whether toxic leadership is becoming more prevalent and what kidney care professionals can do about if they think they might be becoming toxic or they are experiencing toxic leadership [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Peter Ellis and Jane Abbott explain what toxic leadership is and how to identify it [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to a familiar and entrenched philosophical paradigm, poor self-control amounts to diminished control by the self. While some cases of poor self-control may fit this paradigm, many paradigmatic cases of poor self-control, including cases involving individually trivial effects, do not; they are better understood as cases in which the self controls behavior, but does so poorly. As such, philosophical research on poor self-control needs to go beyond research aimed at locating and empowering the self, and into research on what it takes for selves that are already in control to qualify as managerial successes rather than managerial failures. This article focuses on certain pitfalls associated with micromanagement and on the paradoxical connection between micromanagement and poor self-control in cases involving individually trivial effects. The article ends by advancing an approach to managerial success that provides a promising route to avoiding micromanagerial pitfalls while also promoting responsible resilient agency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Timothy Luke Williamson's commentary on my article "Micromanagement and Poor Self-Control," Williamson casts my focus on managerial failures in certain cases of poor self-control "as an especially fruitful tool for addressing problems of poor self-control"; but he suggests that the cases of poor self-control that I view as cases of managerial failure also involve control by a foreign force, in accordance with the "foreign force paradigm," which I claim is off base in the cases on which I focus. Although I cannot get into Williamson's entire interesting and elaborate argument, I here question The Weak Planning Perspective, which plays a key role in Williamson's critical response, with the aim of addressing the issues he raises and shedding some light on why and how our views diverge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Micromanagement in clinical supervision in health professions education generally refers to supervision characterized by unproductive excessive control and attention to detail. It can affect autonomy, competence, well-being of learners, teamwork, and ultimately patient care. Despite its potential negative impact on learners and patients, no comprehensive review of this phenomenon has been conducted. This scoping review aims to explore the breadth of extant literature concerning micromanagement in clinical supervision in health professions education and map the body of research on the topic. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis : Extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR). We searched eight databases, and the final review and analysis comprised 12 articles that examined micromanagement in clinical supervision across health professions education. Micromanagement was conceptualized as ineffective supervisory practices such as undue scrutiny, excessive control, domination, and ineffectual leadership. Conversely, alternatives to micromanagement included entrusting or granting autonomy, coaching for independent practice, and providing effective supervision and leadership. Overall, micromanagement was attributed to individual behavioral and personality factors, such as distrust, perfectionism, self-conviction, and low self-esteem. The consequences of micromanagement included inadequacies in professional development and well-being of trainees and patient care, and organizational dysfunction. Suggested solutions included entrusting or empowering trainees with encouragement and clear communication, open communication efforts by trainees, organizational management for quality supervision, and faculty’s valuing both clinical and educational goals. Current literature on micromanagement—in the context of clinical supervision in health professions education—was found to be sparse, implying a need for more rigorous research and discourse on this understudied area. The findings can be used to recognize, solve, and prevent the prevalent, and often unrecognized, phenomena of micromanagement, which may improve clinical supervision, the professional development of trainees and faculty, organizational management, and ultimately patient care.

Micromanagement in clinical supervision in health professions education generally refers to supervision characterized by unproductive excessive control and attention to detail. It can affect autonomy, competence, well-being of learners, teamwork, and ultimately patient care. Despite its potential negative impact on learners and patients, no comprehensive review of this phenomenon has been conducted. This scoping review aims to explore the breadth of extant literature concerning micromanagement in clinical supervision in health professions education and map the body of research on the topic. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis: Extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR). We searched eight databases, and the final review and analysis comprised 12 articles that examined micromanagement in clinical supervision across health professions education. Micromanagement was conceptualized as ineffective supervisory practices such as undue scrutiny, excessive control, domination, and ineffectual leadership. Conversely, alternatives to micromanagement included entrusting or granting autonomy, coaching for independent practice, and providing effective supervision and leadership. Overall, micromanagement was attributed to individual behavioral and personality factors, such as distrust, perfectionism, self-conviction, and low self-esteem. The consequences of micromanagement included inadequacies in professional development and well-being of trainees and patient care, and organizational dysfunction. Suggested solutions included entrusting or empowering trainees with encouragement and clear communication, open communication efforts by trainees, organizational management for quality supervision, and faculty's valuing both clinical and educational goals. Current literature on micromanagement—in the context of clinical supervision in health professions education—was found to be sparse, implying a need for more rigorous research and discourse on this understudied area. The findings can be used to recognize, solve, and prevent the prevalent, and often unrecognized, phenomena of micromanagement, which may improve clinical supervision, the professional development of trainees and faculty, organizational management, and ultimately patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The EU deploys technical measures (TMs) to avoid unwanted catches—here, overquota catches and juveniles of commercial species—including gear specifications and closures. In 2012, the European Commission had asked its advisory committee, Scientific, Technical, and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STECF), to evaluate the TMs and provide recommendations for improvement. In 2012–2013, STECF judged that the TMs had failed to achieve their objectives and identified approaches for improvement: (1) regionalization and move away from top-down management; (2) bottom-up results-based management to internalize the costs to the resource into individual businesses; and (3) abandon threshold percentages of bycatch leading to perverse incentives. In 2014, the new EU Common Fisheries Policy came in force, with a landing obligation (LO), and regionalization. In 2019, the new TM regulation (TMR) came in force. Besides sets of regional baseline measures, the TMR allows for regional proposals for amendments and results-based bottom-up approaches ("the good"). However, the LO is not enforced, therefore, not providing the incentive for change in fishing practices; and despite avoidance strategies being available regional, innovative bottom-up practices are still rare ("the bad"). TMs still contain threshold percentages ("the ugly"). The onus for bottom-up initiatives is on the industry, although new governance structures are needed to facilitate this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on 30 in-depth interviews with employers in Singapore, this article examines how and why employers engage in micromanagement of foreign workers. The results suggest that government laws and regulations influence employers’ exercise of power of the workers. The S$5000 security bond and the day-off regulation shift the responsibility of policing the foreign domestic worker from the state onto the employers. Although some employers may choose to refrain from micromanaging their domestic workers, most employers perceive micromanagement as their legal entitlement. Employers who micromanage their domestic workers tend to engage in micromanagement of three key areas of worker life: their daily routine, social circle, and movement. Therefore, micromanagement is a tool that employers frequently use to guarantee that their S$5000 security bond will not be forfeited.

The previous concept of self-administration as a regulatory body in healthcare in Germany has been repeatedly called into question by politicians. Different approaches can be recognized in various examples. In the author's view, healthcare provision based on legal ordinances and action geared towards legislative periods cannot replace the solutions found by self-administration-neither in terms of content, expertise nor quality. It is precisely the separation of roles and responsibilities between the state and self-administration that has so far ensured that decisions are made close to the healthcare system in order to further develop the healthcare system in Germany based on evidence and without losing sight of the costs., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.)

The Netherlands are known for an exemplary cycle infrastructure: cycle paths all over the place, cycle traffic lights in abundance, and "cycle highways" emerging (Skov-Petersen et al., 2017; Liu et al., 2019; Cabral Dias and Gomes Ribeiro, 2020).1 At the same time, the micro-managed infrastructure does not always cater to a variety of cycle styles, speeds, and distances. This does not automatically render the paradisiacal image of cycling in the Netherlands as an example for cycling elsewhere. What makes long-distance cycling so different and difficult in a country with so many cyclists? The title "cyclists dismount" symbolically illustrates the failed match of policy versus use(s): "cyclists dismount (and walk)" has no equivalent for car drivers and therewith represents a systematic priority for motorized users of public road space. This reversal is the impetus for an exploration of long-distance cycling as active mobility (AM) in order to contribute to the notion of long-distance cycling as a sustainable alternative to passive (motorized) mobility (PM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Malaria control system (MCS), an Information technology (IT)-driven surveillance and monitoring intervention is being adopted for elimination of malaria in Mangaluru city, Karnataka, India since October 2015. This has facilitated ‘smart surveillance’ followed by required field response within a timeline. The system facilitated data collection of individual case, data driven mapping and strategies for malaria elimination programme. This paper aims to present the analysis of post-digitization data of 5 years, discuss the current operational functionalities of MCS and its impact on the malaria incidence. Methods IT system developed for robust malaria surveillance and field response is being continued in the sixth year. Protocol for surveillance control was followed as per the national programme guidelines mentioned in an earlier publication. Secondary data from the malaria control system was collated and analysed. Incidence of malaria, active surveillance, malariogenic conditions and its management, malariometric indices, shrinking malaria maps were also analysed. Results Smart surveillance and subsequent response for control was sustained and performance improved in five years with participation of all stakeholders. Overall malaria incidence significantly reduced by 83% at the end of 5 years when compared with year of digitization (DY) (p

Making an effective school and classroom management in particular is indeed a challenge for both the director and the teachers. Because, it is necessary to consider the action of continuous regulation and efficiency of the communicative process, transformation of the institution into an inclusive organization in the sense of knowing, understanding the differences that arise from the multiple interactions between the people involved in the educational process, irrespective of the hierarchical line , but especially in order to exploit and maximize these differences in the direction of increasing the efficiency and productivity of work at both individual and collective level.

Background: Malaria control system (MCS), an Information technology (IT)-driven surveillance and monitoring intervention is being adopted for elimination of malaria in Mangaluru city, Karnataka, India since October 2015. This has facilitated 'smart surveillance' followed by required field response within a timeline. The system facilitated data collection of individual case, data driven mapping and strategies for malaria elimination programme. This paper aims to present the analysis of post-digitization data of 5 years, discuss the current operational functionalities of MCS and its impact on the malaria incidence. Methods: IT system developed for robust malaria surveillance and field response is being continued in the sixth year. Protocol for surveillance control was followed as per the national programme guidelines mentioned in an earlier publication. Secondary data from the malaria control system was collated and analysed. Incidence of malaria, active surveillance, malariogenic conditions and its management, malariometric indices, shrinking malaria maps were also analysed. Results: Smart surveillance and subsequent response for control was sustained and performance improved in five years with participation of all stakeholders. Overall malaria incidence significantly reduced by 83% at the end of 5 years when compared with year of digitization (DY) (p < 0.001). Early reporting of new cases (within 48 h) was near total followed by complete treatment and vector control. Slide positivity rate (SPR) decreased from 10.36 (DY) to 6.5 (PDY 5). Annual parasite incidence (API) decreased from 16.17 (DY) to 2.64 (PDY 5). There was a negative correlation between contact smears and incidence of malaria. Five-year data analyses indicated declining trends in overall malaria incidence and correlation between closures by 14 days. The best impact on reduction in incidence of malaria was recorded in the pre-monsoon months (~ 85%) compared to lower impact in July–August months (~ 40%). Conclusion: MCS helped to micromanage control activities, such as robust reporting, incidence-centric active surveillance, early and complete treatment, documentation of full treatment of each malaria patient, targeted mosquito control measures in houses surrounding reported cases. The learnings and analytical output from the data helped to modify strategies for control of both disease and the vector, heralding the city into the elimination stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to measure the level of school principals’ micromanagement behavior. After a comprehensive literature review, a candidate item pool with 52 items was created. While writing the items, micro-manager behaviors defined in the literature were adapted to school principals. The items were submitted to the expert opinion and necessary corrections were made in the items in line with the feedback from the experts. Candidate items were applied to two different samples to carry out validity and reliability analysis. Data obtained from the first sample of 304 teachers were used for exploratory factor analysis. The second sample group consisted of 353 teachers and the data obtained from this group was used for confirmatory factor analysis and reliability analysis. The findings support the four-dimensional structure of the scale with 27 items. The first dimension was named as “unable to subordinate self (15 items)”, the second dimension was “time manipulation (5 items)”, the third dimension was “excessive control over methodology (4 items)” and the fourth dimension was “excessive reporting (3 items)”. Findings from reliability analyses were also satisfactory. To determine the reliability of the scale Cronbach’s Alpha internal consistency coefficients were calculated. It was .958 for the first factor, .831 for the second, .776 for the third and .743 for the fourth and .959 for the total scale. In this context, it can be stated that the scale is valid and reliable. It can be used to determine the level of school principals’ micromanagement behavior and to associate this behavior with different organizational variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among Game AI, in macromanegement level, applying of deep learning algorithms like reinforcement learning has been proven to be useful. In this paper, we researched the development of Game AI and chose Starcraft II as our testing game. We compare various deep learning algorithms to normal algorithms like boids algorithms, potential field pathfinding etc., in the micromanegment level, to see their difference in run-time performance, training time and CPU utilization level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Social Sciences in China is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The word 'creativity', like other frequently used and popular words, is at risk of becoming a vague platitude or a slogan devoid of its conceptual determination. The knowledge and understanding of the phenomenon of creativity are not proportional to how much it is affirmed and promoted now days. This is particularly noticeable in work organizations of all kinds. Besides the subjective factors such as the employers' and managers' superficial or inadequate knowledge of what creativity really is, there are objective factors which put pressure on and hinder the creative impulses and processes. Economic, financial and market imperatives such as: fierce competition, short-term goals and deadlines, acceleration of work processes, rationalization, productivism, overall quantification (only measurable parameters and results being taken into account), excessive regulations, tight control systems and the like, contribute to the design of organizations which crush creativity. Some quite widespread management practices and behaviors, especially the so-called intrusive or micromanagement, are often a reaction to these constraints. As for the employees, they internalize all these pressures into strong inner imperatives of (over)achievement. The imposed standard of a constantly high level of motivation, excellence and self-improvement is unsustainable in the long run. The guiding management principle of performing more and better for less (time, resources, energy, leads to the exhaustion of mental and other psychological resources needed for creative ideas to emerge and develop. Creativity involves complex, subtle and dynamic psychosocial mechanisms. Too often the managerial practices and organizational cultures are detrimental to the well known most powerful source of creativity: the intrinsic motivation. Briefly, this article deals with the paradox which lies in the fact that, in theory, so much emphasis is put on creativity and innovation as indispensable assets, while at the same time so much is done to stifle them in practice.

Making an effective school and classroom management in particular is indeed a challenge for both the director and the teachers. Because, it is necessary to consider the action of continuous regulation and efficiency of the communicative process, transformation of the institution into an inclusive organization in the sense of knowing, understanding the differences that arise from the multiple interactions between the people involved in the educational process, irrespective of the hierarchical line, but especially in order to exploit and maximize these differences in the direction of increasing the efficiency and productivity of work at both individual and collective level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This lex ferenda article examines EU efforts to change the criticized and now-repealed 2002 “top-down” management regulation with its discard system, vessel decommissioning, fishing effort management, and quota allocations. The 2013 regulation's objective is to remedy the Common Fisheries Policy's “five structural failings.” Unfortunately, the new regulations have failed to improve the situation. Political obstruction, lax enforcement, transitional costs, and the weight of the status quo hamper future amendments.

Unlike the situation with board games, artificial intelligence (AI) for real-time strategy (RTS) games usually suffers from numerous possible future outcomes because the state of the game is continuously changing in real time. Furthermore, AI is also required to be able to handle the increased complexity within a small amount of time. This constraint makes it difficult to build AI for RTS games with current state-of-the art intelligence techniques. A human player, on the other hand, is proficient in dealing with this level of complexity, making him a better game player than AI bots. Human players are especially good at controlling many units at the same time. It is hard to explain the micro-level control skills needed with only a few rules programmed into the bots. The design of micromanagement skills is one of the most difficult parts in the StarCraft AI design because it must be able to handle different combinations of units, army size, and unit placement. The unit control skills can have a big effect on the final outcome of a full game in professional player matches. For StarCraft AI competitions, they employed a relatively simple scripted AI to implement the unit control strategy. However, it is difficult to generate cooperative behavior using the simple AI strategies. Although there has been a few research done on micromanagement skills, it is still a challenging problem to design human-like high-level control skills. In this paper, we proposed the use of imitation learning based on human replays and influence map representation. In this approach, we extracted huge numbers of cases from the replays of experts and used them to determine the actions of units in the current game case. This was done without using any hand-coded rules. Because this approach is data-driven, it was essential to minimize the case search times. To support fast and accurate matching, we chose to use influence maps and data hashing. They allowed the imitation system to respond within a small amount time (one frame, 0.042 s). With a very large number of cases (up to 500,000 cases), we showed that it is possible to respond competitively in real-time, with a high winning percentage in micromanagement scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Software development project during its lifecycle passes through various states. These states describe the condition, status, and behavior of software projects. In the present study, these states are defined based on the various activities performed during project lifecycle like initial environment setup, requirement analysis, coding, testing, problem resolution, and completion. The taxonomy of these states and substates is defined, and a project states meta-model is designed. The meta-model is composed of states and substates of the software projects. Detailed case studies of real projects have been conducted to validate the states of the meta-model. Evidences are collected; and events and observations are recorded about existence of the states, execution flow, duration, and behavior. The evidences, events, and observations are presented in the sequence to translate them into results. Results show that project states exist in all projects such that each software project passes through these states serially and in particular cases, a few states may exist in parallel. Project states show the status and progress of the software projects. It is found that issues in software projects can effectively be resolved by performing micro project management activities of the projects states. Project states meta-model provides basic structure for deriving new models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on 30 in-depth interviews with employers in Singapore, this article examines how and why employers engage in micromanagement of foreign workers. The results suggest that government laws and regulations influence employers' exercise of power of the workers. The S$5000 security bond and the day-off regulation shift the responsibility of policing the foreign domestic worker from the state onto the employers. Although some employers may choose to refrain from micromanaging their domestic workers, most employers perceive micromanagement as their legal entitlement. Employers who micromanage their domestic workers tend to engage in micromanagement of three key areas of worker life: their daily routine, social circle, and movement. Therefore, micromanagement is a tool that employers frequently use to guarantee that their S$5000 security bond will not be forfeited., Competing Interests: The author has no conflicts of interest to declare., (© 2023 The Author.)

This paper showcases the use of Bayesian models for real-time strategy (RTS) games AI in three distinct core components: micromanagement (units control), tactics (army moves and positions), and strategy (economy, technology, production, army types). The strength of having end-to-end probabilistic models is that distributions on specific variables can be used to interconnect different models at different levels of abstraction. We applied this modeling to StarCraft, and evaluated each model independently. Along the way, we produced and released a comprehensive data set for RTS machine learning. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A agricultura de precisão pode aumentar a eficiência e a sustentabilidade da agricultura brasileira de grãos, principalmente auxiliando no manejo do solo e das culturas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a importância de atributos de solo e da cultura com variação espacial do rendimento de grãos de milho e o uso dessa informação para aprimorar as decisões sobre o manejo da cultura. Foram utilizados dados da safra 2005/6 de uma gleba comercial de milho de 18 ha, na região de Guarapuava, Paraná, em um solo Latossolo Bruno de textura argilosa. Atributos de solo (0-0,10 m) e cultura foram coletados em quadrículas georreferenciadas com densidade amostral de 2 ha-1. O rendimento de grãos espacializado foi avaliado com sensor de produtividade na colhedora. Esse rendimento apresentou variabilidade espacial (média de 12,4 Mg ha-1, com amplitude entre 11,1 e 14,0 Mg ha-1) relacionada aos atributos do solo: P-Mehlich-1, Mg2+, soma de bases e relações Ca:Mg, Mg:K e Mg:CTC, mas não da cultura, conforme uma matriz de correlação de Spearman. A análise por árvore de regressão identificou a saturação por Mg (Mg:CTC), com valor crítico de 0,10, e a relação Mg:K, com valor crítico de 2,30, como atributos de solo com efeito mais significativo, pois valores inferiores ao crítico estão relacionados aos menores rendimentos de grão. A análise de cluster confirmou os resultados obtidos com as duas análises estatísticas anteriores, e sua interpretação conjunta suporta a conclusão de que os elementos P e Mg eram os mais críticos em termos de necessidade de manejo localizado. Comparativamente, o manejo localizado com agricultura de precisão demandaria, na gleba, maior consumo de calcário (incremento de 6,6 Mg, sendo 3,4 Mg de calcário calcítico e 3,2 Mg do tipo dolomítico), menor consumo de P2O5 (- 235 kg) e maior consumo de K2O (+ 135 kg) em relação ao manejo uniforme (tradicional). Contudo, o manejo localizado permite que esses insumos sejam aplicados nas dosagens adequadas em partes específicas da gleba, e não uniformemente em toda a gleba, alterando positivamente a produtividade dessas partes. Quando as tomadas de decisão sobre o manejo são auxiliadas por ferramentas estatísticas apropriadas, a agricultura de precisão é viável tecnicamente para o manejo de atributos químicos do solo, proporcionando assim a otimização no uso de insumos e, potencialmente, contribuindo para o rendimento economicamente ideal.Precision agriculture can increase efficiency and sustainability of grain crops in Brazil, especially in support of soil and crop management. In this study the importance of spatially-variable soil and crop attributes on the variability of grain crop yield and the use of this information to improve management decisions was examined. The study used data from the 2005/6 corn growing season of a 18 ha commercial field on a clayey Latossolo Bruno (FAO: Ferralsol). Soil (0-0.10 m layer) and crop properties were sampled at a density of two per ha. Spatially distributed crop yield was determined with a grain sensor on the harvester. Yield variability (average of 12.4 Mg ha-1, amplitude between 11.1 and 14.0 Mg ha-1) was related to the soil properties - P Mehlich, Mg2+, sum of bases and Ca:Mg, Mg:K and Mg:CEC ratios - but not with crop attributes, according to the results of a Spearman correlation matrix. Regression analysis identified a critical value of Magnesium saturation (Mg:CEC) of 0.10, and a critical Mg:K ratio of 2.3, as the most significant soil properties. Below the critical values, yields were reduced. Cluster analysis confirmed the results obtained by the two previous statistical techniques, and their combined interpretation supported the conclusion that P and Mg were the two nutrients for which spatial management is most needed. Compared to the traditional fixed-rate, whole-field application, using variable rate application would require, for the whole field, 6.6 Mg of additional lime, being 3.4 Mg calcitic lime and 3.2 Mg dolomitic lime, less P2O5 (-235 kg), and more K2O (+ 135 kg) than in the normal uniform management. However, with variable rates such inputs would be applied at adequate rates to specific parts of the field, positively affecting the yields in these parts. When management decisions are supported by appropriate statistical tools, precision agriculture is technically viable for the management of soil chemical properties, allowing for optimized dosages, with a view to an ideal economical yield.

The article examines the phenomenon “micromanagement” as one of the major disadvantages of management. The characteristics of this style of management and fundamental qualities of micromanagers have been analyzed. Based on the analysis, the causes of micromanagement in an organization and its possible effects on employees' behaviour and condition have been defined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This lex ferenda article examines EU efforts to change the criticized and now-repealed 2002 ''topdown'' management regulation with its discard system, vessel decommissioning, fishing effort management, and quota allocations. The 2013 regulation's objective is to remedy the Common Fisheries Policy's ''five structural failings.'' Unfortunately, the new regulations have failed to improve the situation. Political obstruction, lax enforcement, transitional costs, and the weight of the status quo hamper future amendments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]