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The Holocene La Taza andesitic volcano is one of over 1000 volcanic centers located within the Michoacán-Guanajuato Volcanic Field (MGVF) in central-western Mexico. La Taza (~8500–8200 yr BP) represents one possible eruption style within the field, with deposits indicating Strombolian activity followed by a series of lava flows. In our study, we reconstruct the eruption of La Taza through a combination of LiDAR mapping and petrological and geochemical analyses. LiDAR mapping combined with ground- truthing in the field allowed us to differentiate and determine the sequence of the volcano’s lava flows, revealing seven lava flows with a volume of ~0.6 km3. This morphological information was paired with geothermobarometers to estimate lava flow viscosities, mean effusion rates, and emplacement times, showing a likely duration of 1.1–4.3 years. Recreating this eruption contributes to the understanding of potential durations and lava flow rheology of future MGVF eruptions, crucial characteristics for hazard planning and mitigation.

In this article, we use a settler capitalism framework that centers racialized gender violence in the pueblo of San Miguel Nocutzepo. We tell a story about how neoliberal policy in Mexico permitted the privatization of formerly collectively held Indigenous ejido land, which resulted in selloffs to outsiders who invested in avocado production and ended up being controlled by organized crime. Specifically, we point to the intersections between the regional agricultural recomposition and the social fabric of life in Nocutzepo as we attribute the land repurposing that the avocado-producing region of Michoacán has undergone with the encroachment of settler capitalism and organized crime. We also, however, highlight narratives of survivance in Nocutzepo that shed light on the various ways people faced violence to protect their family, pueblo, and land. Finally, we focus on a mothers-led struggle for youth and community empowerment and well-being or buen vivir that lobbied for a new Indigenous bilingual intercultural school in Nocutzepo to respond to the decline of subsistence agriculture. Our findings caution that while not all Indigenous struggles result in collective victories, everyday practices of resistance form an essential basis of survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides an overview of the development of spatial humanities in Mexico, focusing specifically on the Bishopric of Michoacán. This ecclesiastical and jurisdictional unit, established during the Viceroyalty of New Spain, has recently been examined through the lens of spatial humanities. Our review identifies that this approach, when combined with traditional historical methods, can be highly effective in advancing research on territorial reconfiguration processes involving both Spanish and Indigenous actors. Furthermore, we present two examples of geographical text analysis (GTA) applied to the Relaciones Geográficas of Michoacán. Building on this review and the examples, we aim to encourage researchers interested in Mexico's past to enhance the potential of early historical sources by extracting valuable information intertwined with the spatial data contained in these documents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to analyze the level of access to public credit of small corn producers in the lake regions of Chapala, Pátzcuaro, and Cuitzeo in the state of Michoacán, within the framework of the neoliberal financial policy adopted in the years 1981-2022 compared to the post-revolutionary period. This productive sector is mainly characterized by having low economic income, little land area, and lack of equipment and machinery, and not being subject to credit, therefore, the members of this sector share the condition of exclusion from financing for production. The methodology used consisted of collecting historical information regarding the operation of public rural financial institutions created in the post-revolutionary period and the neoliberal transition that they experienced in the eighties. Also in obtaining data through the application of 611 surveys to identify some elements that explain the current exclusion from public credit of small corn producers in the lake regions of Michoacán. The results reveal that this productive sector has a low level of access due to the changes in public credit policy promoted by federal governments since the 1990s. These caused radical institutional modifications in the way agricultural credit operates and contributed to the current limited availability of public credit aimed at small corn producers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this text, an analysis of the agricultural structure that was formed in the Yurirapúndaro area (Yuriria, Guanajuato) at the end of the 16th century is carried out, based on research made in recent years. To do this, a detailed study of the Map of Yurirapúndaro and its Subjects (1580) was carried out, belonging to the corpus of the Geographical Relations of 1577, as well as other archival documentation that provides information at a more local level. Through Environmental History and the reconstruction of the landscape, the aim is to interpret what is represented on the map, contextualizing it in the general process of hierarchization and exploitation of space in the north of the viceroyalty of New Spain. This work offers a map with all the information collected and organized from a historical GIS, the identification of plant and animal taxa, as well as the identification and contextualization of the human activities represented in the document. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A survey was conducted to investigate buried archaeological remains at Tingambato, a pre‐Tarascan classic‐epiclassic archaeological site located in the north‐central part of the State of Michoacán in western Mexico, using ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). The aim of this study was to detect the foundations (ancient buried walls) and cavities (tombs), define the geometry of the foundations and correlate construction style and depth with relative chronological buried structures. The survey was carried out on two grids of 15 m × 37 m (Zona Verde) and 10.25 m × 36.5 m (Ballgame court), using a 200 MHz antenna for GPR and Schlumberger‐Wenner arrays for ERT. GPR 3D acquisition was carried out along parallel lines spaced 0.25 m apart in a single direction. In the first area, considering the geometric shape found at a depth of 1.35 m, we can assume the existence of a buried structure, probably wall remains. In the second area, a very diffractive zone coincides with a resistive anomaly (> 2000 ohm·m). In order to refine the GPR results, synthetic modelling and a comparison with real traces were carried out. The 1D GPR modelling allows us to precise the presence of a cavity with a rectangular cross section. Since the type of volcaniclastic avalanche deposits of the subsoil do not allow the formation of cavities of that size, we infer that it may be the remains of a tomb or an anthropogenic cavity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the results of a preliminary bioarchaeological study of 10 funerary urns containing human burned remains from the Los Tamarindos urn-field cemetery dated to the Postclassic period. I was able to determine the basic biological profile data. In addition, I determined the fragmentation rate as well as the thermal alternation of bones from funerary urns from Los Tamarindos, which allowed me to propose the first observations about the Pretarascan cremation burial practices in this region. The low weight of bones indicates that burials should be determined as partial burials; however, they contain fragments of bones from each anatomical region. The structure of the bones and the chromatic discoloration caused by the thermal alternation indicate that temperature during the cremation did not exceed 900°C, given that the cremains did not exhibit the recrystallization structure, which is interpreted as a characteristic feature of the high maximum temperature of a funerary pyre during the cremation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the fact that still no absolute chronological data are available to estimate the chronology of the Ihuatzio archaeological site, we carried out an archaeomagnetic and magnetic mineralogy study on two fragments of its most common pottery. The first analyzed sample be longs to the "Uacusecha polychrome" type, while the second corresponds to the "Tariacuri red" style. The main magnetic carrier is linked to magnetites or titanomagnetites poor in titanium. We note the presence of hematite, but its contribution to the remanent magnetization is insignificant. We obtained eight reliable determinations of absolute intensities, ranging from 36.8 to 61.03 mT. The most probable dating was achieved with the global models and local curves available for Mesoamerica by using the bootstrap statistics. Even with the limitation of using only one geomagnetic element (absolute intensity) and divergent dating patterns, it has been possible to relate the chronology of the studied pottery with the apogee of the Tarascan Lordship and the dominant position of Ihuatzio along the Lake Patzcuaro area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo demostrar que, tras la expulsión de los jesuitas de la monarquía hispánica en 1767, la Corona, por medio del regio patronato, buscó fortalecer las instituciones educativas pertenecientes al clero secular y centralizarlas en las capitales diocesanas. Para el caso de Michoacán, dicha acción se llevó a cabo en Valladolid, en detrimento del resto de los ex colegios de la Compañía que se encontraban en otras ciudades de la diócesis, lo cual ayudaría a quitarle poder a las corporaciones, robustecería al clero secular, y facilitaría a los prelados el control y administración de la educación en el obispado. El proceso de centralización comenzó a cambiar después de la instauración de las intendencias en Nueva España en 1786, el cual se materializó en Michoacán diez años después, con la apertura del colegio de la Purísima Concepción en Guanajuato en 1796, dando fin a la concentración educativa promovida por los obispos en Valladolid.

Las plantaciones forestales han aumentado en México y se requieren herramientas estadísticas para evaluar y predecir su productividad, con fines de planear su aprovechamiento. El objetivo fue determinar un modelo generalizado altura total-diámetro normal para plantaciones forestales de Pinus leiophylla en Patamban, Michoacán, México. Se midieron árboles en 33 sitios aleatorios cuadrangulares temporales en plantaciones de densidades iniciales de 2 500 árboles ha-1 y sobrevivencia mayor de 75%. Se utilizaron 779 pares de datos de altura total-diámetro normal; con valores para altura de 1.86-19.60 m y de 1.5-36 cm para diámetro normal. Se comprobó el ajuste de siete modelos a través de su evaluación por mínimos cuadrados no lineales con la función nls en R®. Para la elección del modelo y su reajuste se compararon los parámetros de significancia, coeficiente de determinación, raíz del cuadrado medio del error, criterio de Akaike, Bayesiano y Sesgo. La estructura generalizada resultante de altura total-diámetro normal fue reajustada con efectos mixtos entre y dentro de sitios. El modelo de Wang y Tang presentó los mejores indicadores de ajuste estadístico. Los modelos de efectos mixtos mostraron una mejora en la explicación de la variabilidad muestral (coeficiente de determinación: 2.4%), estadísticos de ajuste (24.5% en promedio) y en la precisión de las estimaciones en la raíz del cuadrado medio del error y Sesgo: mayor de 14%. El modelo generalizado fue eficiente para representar dicha variabilidad muestral en las plantaciones forestales de P. leiophylla de la Comunidad Indígena de Patamban, Michoacán, México.

In the Michoacán region of central-western Mexico, the village of Turícuaro has for centuries been a center for metate production based on andesites exploited on the slopes of Hoya Urutzen and 'El Metate' volcanoes. Surveys have been conducted in this volcanic landscape, with the invaluable help of one of the last metateros (craftsmen) family of the village, the Vidalès, in order to reconstruct the strategies adopted through time to extract this andesite over a large territory. It has been possible to propose a first mapping as well as a relative dating of the various quarrying areas. Different types of exploitations have been described, from ancient quarries, associated with archaeological occupations, to current extraction sites. The morphology of the outcrops (walls, isolated blocks) partly conditioned the organization of the quarries (flat, organized on terraces, etc). It has also been possible to observe the different strategies and organization of work associated with this activity, through the observation of the abandoned blocks, waste and roughouts. Finally, this work offers a new perspective on Mesoamerican metate quarrying strategies.

Copyright of Caldasia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article analyzes a corpus of six texts written and published under the "publishing house" of two criminal organizations in Michoacan, Mexico, including a press release, an autobiography, a code of conduct, a journalist narrative, an advertising text and a motivational text, focused on the search of political legitimacy by criminal organizations. This article argues that, in spite of the heterogeneity in narrative styles, this corpus has a single political message: a discourse of legitimacy linked to a project to build criminal authority. Firstly, the idea of legitimacy and criminal authority is analyzed, then the context of legitimacy crisis and authority experienced in Michoacan and Mexico is addressed; next, each text, its characteristics and purposes are analyzed. Finally, the results are discussed and some ideas are considered as a conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Site E19 (19:N1W5), near Tlailotlacan, the "Zapotec Barrio" of Teotihuacan, contains evidence of both Tlailotlacan and Michoacan affiliation. To verify and better understand the Michoacan relationship, 22 enamel and 19 bone samples from five E19-affiliated burials were analyzed to determine their oxygen isotope compositions, which provide an indication of an individual's area of residence when that particular tissue was forming. Because prismatic blades and Thin Orange ceramics from Teotihuacan occur widely in the Lakes Region of north central Michoacan we obtained samples from several sites there for comparative purposes. The results show that most of the E19 people had passed their later years in the Patzcuaro Basin of the Lakes Region. Although in E19 the archaeological evidence of this relationship declined over time, the isotopic evidence indicates that Patzcuaro ties continued to the end of E19's occupation. It seems that the people of E19, originally Michoacanos, gradually adopted a core identity as Teotihuacanos while continuing to deploy their Michoacan ancestry during their stays in Michoacan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El registro de especies en nuevas localidades lejos de sus rangos típicos de distribución provee evidencia de movimientos y migraciones atípicos provocados por varios factores pobremente entendidos, por lo que su documentación contribuye a entender dichos movimientos. En México, el Vireo Ojos Blancos, Vireo griseus, se distribuye principalmente en la vertiente del Golfo, ya sea como residente o migratorio, y los registros en la vertiente del Pacífico son muy raros. En febrero de 2022, registramos un individuo en el humedal La Mintzita, cercano a Morelia, Michoacán. El individuo solitario se encontraba forrajeando y moviéndose constantemente entre densos arbustos debajo del dosel arbóreo, a 10 m del cuerpo de agua del manantial. Esta observación constituye el primer reporte formal para V. griseus en el estado de Michoacán. Este reporte aporta información sobre la distribución y movimientos de esta especie, y resalta el valor ecológico del humedal La Mintzita para aves residentes y migratorias.

Pocos lugares tuvieron el título de ciudad de indios con los privilegios que ello conllevaba; fueron el resultado de una lucha constante por ampliar, mantener y defender sus derechos, a pesar de las políticas reales y la llegada de foráneos a sus respectivos cascos urbanos. Tzintzuntzan es una ciudad que aún conserva su título, a pesar de que las autoridades siempre trataron de reducir o ignorar sus prerrogativas. En este texto se resaltará la función del privilegio, la historicidad de su obtención, los obstáculos que tuvieron que enfrentar, los cambios en su jurisdicción y, finalmente, cómo su exclusividad se diluyó ante el mestizaje de su ciudad.

La mujer Michoacana y los delitos de robo, lesiones y adulterio, tienen como fuente primaria los expedientes judiciales de 1911 a 1920, del acervo del Poder Judicial del Estado de Michoacán, que guardan como testimonio los procesos judiciales en contra de las mujeres infractoras durante el periodo revolucionario, analizados desde la óptica de la perspectiva de género, lo cual nos permite acercarnos al imaginario del “deber ser” femenino, así como la forma en que la mujer es concebida en la ley. En el artículo, se comprueba que la mujer hace uso de su “ser mujer” para manipular la decisión del juez, apelando a su vulnerabilidad, detalles que se pueden ir observando a lo largo de las relatorías que buscan justificar los hechos, en esta línea, también se visualiza un mundo de violencias en la vida cotidiana de las mujeres morelianas, relacionadas con sus relaciones amorosas.

El presente artículo aborda la historia de la planificación de la Tierra Caliente, donde a mediados del siglo xx se desarrolló una importante experiencia de fundación y reforma de centros de población, en el marco de un proyecto de desarrollo hidroagrícola. Para ello se da cuenta del contexto institucional y espacial, empleando cartografía histórica para mostrar sus alcances. El presente artículo aporta a un tema poco tratado como lo es el trasplante y tropicalización de las ideas de la planeación moderna, como el modelo de ciudad jardín en las llamadas ciudades agrícolas del país que, en conjunto con otras intervenciones, transformaron en dos décadas este lugar.

The objective of this work is identify the factors that hinder access to higher education institutions for indigenous youth in Michoacán. To achieve this, we do a documentary analysis with a hermeneutic approach focused on the treatment of information available on official government sites, as well as in specialized texts on the subject. The attention and coverage of higher level educational services is recently included in the mandatory schooling scheme of the Mexican State (May 2019), contained in X section of the 3rd article of the Constitution, but it remains at the discretion of the authorities to ensure access and permanence, an issue that remains unaddressed in the political agendas of state and local governments, which undermines the right to education of the indigenous people of Michoacán. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hispania Sacra is the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Huitzil: Journal of Mexican Ornithology / Revue d'Ornithologie Mexicaine is the property of Sociedad para el Estudio y Conservacion de las Aves en Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Saber, Ciencia y Libertas is the property of Saber, Ciencia y Libertad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This report shows a first map of the Tingambato archaeological site, which is located in the center of the avocado belt of Michoacan, Mexico. It addresses the problem about the impact of this crop on the archaeological heritage and the possible applications of LiDAR technology for its conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Participatory landscape conservation is an innovative approach that weaves together theoretical models and practical applications. Intertropical regions, such as Mexico, face challenges to conciliate regional governability, social justice, and nature conservation. The State of Michoacan is one of these regions where such challenges are exacerbated, particularly nature conservation, due to ongoing territorial disputes. We implemented the participatory landscape conservation approach by creating a complementary form of protected area to deal with ongoing conflicts, drought conditions, and extreme poverty. We conducted participatory mapping and landcover/use analyses as the main methodological tools to reach consensus among stakeholders. We integrated, macro, micro, and social scales to provide sound arguments to integrate local, scholar, and policy makers' perceptions. The outcomes of the participatory mapping analyses were assessed. The present paper provides evidence of the positive outcome of using The Participatory Landscape Conservation Approach to establish a Biosphere Reserve, safeguarding one of the most biologically diverse and delicate ecosystems consisting of seasonally dry tropical forests within a rather disputed region. We discussed the relevance of our findings and compared them to ongoing regional and global trends in light of other forms of establishing long-term multistakeholder agreements, as is the case for protected areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthropologists working with marginalised populations in need of legal representation have faced challenges spanning epistemological, methodological and ethical questions. In the provision of evidence to legal-administrative processes, how do we overcome some of the obstacles in solving these problems? In this paper, we discuss our experience working through the case of a transgender asylum seeker from Mexico in the United States and the case of socio-cultural and legal concerns of a transgender youth in Los Angeles. The three partners in this paper are a socio-cultural anthropologist (Ngin), an immigration lawyer in Los Angeles (Yeh) and a community professional who works extensively with undocumented college students (Borjon). In Ngin's preparation of the cultural argument for the asylum case of the transgender person, it was Borjon's network of community contacts that provided the additional evidence for the case. As the case was delayed in the legal process, Attorney Yeh's legal insight explains the best course of action for the petitioner. In the second case of the young transgender youth, we discussed the precarity of the youth's situation and the possibility of socio-legal protection. In our analysis of these two cases, we discussed how we arrived at legally sound concepts with evidence supported by anthropological analytical methods while ensuring transparency of the provenance of evidence to meet ethical principles. Through these consultations in the construction of anthropological expertise, we also hope to decolonise expertise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo de esta investigación es hablar de la ancianidad como una categoría sociológica y de análisis social de un sector poblacional a partir de referentes etnográficos de un pueblo rural del estado de Michoacán: Nogales México. Para ello se describe quiénes son estos adultos mayores, qué hacen, de qué viven, en qué trabajan, en que se ocupan diariamente, qué posición ocupan dentro de la familia, entre otras cosas. El método que se utiliza es de carácter cualitativo y etnográfico, ya que interesa generar datos desde la realidad misma para describir qué está pasando actualmente con la vida de los ancianos en las comunidades rurales michoacanas. A partir de ello, es que se da una definición propia de que se debe entender por ancianidad en espacio y tiempo concreto. Como se podrá leer en los resultados de esta investigación exploratoria, la ancianidad no es un término que se deba usar de manera general, pues este sector poblacional tiene sus propias particularidades y especificidades según el lugar del que se refiera, para el caso que nos ocupa, la ancianidad en Nogales, obedece a una caracterización propia de un estilo de vida, prácticas y hábitos que día con día se configura y reconfigura la categoría de lo qué es ser un anciano o un adulto mayor.

This article aims to delve into copper mining in Michoacan at the end of the 18th century, attempting to identify the mines scattered throughout this region which have been scarcely touched by historians. After a sketch of colonial policies of intervention in this sector, we aim first to locate the mines and producers, and their relations with local and regional markets. After 1780 the Crown established a monopoly on New Spanish copper to attempt to control the production and the price. We will aim to evaluate the efficacy and the effects of this monopoly on the producers of copper and on the market in New Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct evidence of the presence of the Mexican indigenous soldiers that accompanied the Coronado entrada into what is now the United States has remained invisible. Dolan and Shackley's recent examination of the presence of four obsidian blades produced from obsidian sources in the Sierra de Pachuca in Hidalgo state of Mexico, was the first intensive examination of artifacts that could directly signal the presence of Mexican indigenous soldiers north of Mexico, although only two had adequate provenience. Since then, three obsidian artifacts, produced from the Zinapécuaro obsidian source from Michoacán state of México were recovered and determined to be from that source by XRF at Piedras Marcadas Pueblo in the Middle Rio Grande valley in Albuquerque, New Mexico, besieged by Coronado and his soldiers in the winter of AD 1540–1541. This is the best direct evidence of artifacts transported by the "indios amigos" to the Middle Rio Grande valley. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to analyse the judicial proceedings in cases of statutory rape and sexual offenses against women in rural Michoacan in the 18th century. The documentation used for the study comes from the Justice Collection of the Historical Archive of the Municipality of Morelia. We will study the information provided by the procedural records, the statements of the witnesses, the forensic tests and the judge's sentences that were dictated under the viceroyalty laws for this type of crimes. The data provided by these extraordinarily rich sources allow us to make an intersectional reading to compose a genealogy of sexual violence in New Spain, gender, and alterity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although Ihuatzio has been one of the most important pre-Hispanic cities in western Mexico, until now, there was no complete map of the Tarascan city. In this sense, through field work and a study based on the LiDAR technique, a complete plan of Ihuatzio is presented for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Secuencia: Revista de Historia y Ciencias Sociales is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones - Dr. Jose M. Luis Mora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The jaguar is listed as endangered in Mexico. However, population estimates and conservation initiatives have relied on data obtained from Protected Areas (PA) covered by humid tropical forests of southern Mexico. In this context, the objectives were: 1) to estimate jaguar density for the last wilderness ecoregion of central-western Mexico, 2) quantify the capture rate of potential prey of jaguar, 3) evaluate the percentage of native vegetation cover in the Effective Sampling Area (ESA), and 4) review the density estimates of jaguars in Mexico. Jaguar density was evaluated in an ESA of 156 km2, using 'Capture–Recapture' (C-R) and 'Spatially Explicit Capture–Recapture' (SECR) models. We obtained 28 photographic captures of two females, in which models averaged a density of 1.01 ± 0.41 ind/100 km2. The mid and large size-mammal community included 14 species with forested landscape and vegetation measured at 90%. The scientific literature includes 30 jaguar density estimates in Mexico, with 22 (85%) inside Protected Areas. Average density among all estimates in México is 2.85 ± 1.82 STD. For the first time, our density estimates provide reliable population-level data for one key region for jaguar conservation efforts in the northern hemisphere. As low-density estimates were obtained, this population is highly vulnerable, deserving priority attention by conservation strategies at a national level. RESUMEN El jaguar está en peligro de extinción en México. Sin embargo, las estimaciones de sus poblaciones y las iniciativas de conservación se han basado en datos obtenidos en Áreas Protegidas (AP) cubiertas por bosques tropicales húmedos del sur de México. En este contexto, los objetivos fueron: 1) estimar la densidad de jaguares para la última ecorregión silvestre del centro-oeste de México, 2) cuantificar la tasa de captura de presas potenciales del jaguar, 3) evaluar el porcentaje de cobertura de vegetación nativa en el Área Efectiva de Muestreo (ESA en ingles) y 4) revisar las estimaciones de densidad de jaguares en México. La densidad del jaguar se evaluó en una ESA de 156 km2, utilizando modelos de "Captura-Recaptura" (C-R) y "Captura-Recaptura Espacialmente Explícitos" (SECR en ingles). Obtuvimos 28 capturas fotográfícas de dos hembras, en las cuales los modelos promediaron una densidad de 1.01 ± 0.41 ind/100 km2. La comunidad de mamíferos de tamaño mediano y grande incluyó 14 especies con un paisaje boscoso y una cobertura vegetal de 90%. La literatura científica incluye 30 estimaciones de densidad de jaguares en México, 22 (85%) dentro de Áreas Protegidas. La densidad promedio entre todas las estimaciones en México es de 2.85 ± 1.82 ETS. Por primera vez, nuestras estimaciones de densidad proporcionan datos confiables a nivel de población para una región clave en los esfuerzos de conservación del jaguar en el hemisferio norte. Debido a la baja densidad reportada en este estudio, esta población es altamente vulnerable y merece una atención prioritaria por parte de las estrategias de conservación a nivel nacional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El presente trabajo examina el inicio y desarrollo de las campañas de salud y prevención de enfermedades infectocontagiosas como lo fue la lepra y el paludismo en diversas regiones del estado de Michoacán durante el gobierno de Lázaro Cárdenas del Río. 1934-1940. A partir del registro de las campañas médicas se vislumbra las condiciones de higiene y salud de la población, así como diversos aspectos que el Estado buscó erradicar y controlar en diversos sectores de la población con el fin de mejorar la calidad de vida de sus habitantes. El trabajo analiza mediante fuentes de archivo los esfuerzos de las autoridades posrevolucionarias por enseñar y promover una cultura de la prevención e higiene principalmente en las áreas rurales.

Se aborda en este trabajo una poco conocida rebelión de naturaleza religiosa ocurrida entre 1873 y 1876, bajo la presidencia de Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada, tras la constitucionalización y rigurosa aplicación de las Leyes de Reforma. Examinamos de manera muy sucinta los aspectos bélicos más relevantes del movimiento armado, localizado en el estado de Michoacán y en su región limítrofe con Guanajuato. Hemos tratado de establecer las conexiones entre el movimiento de los religioneros –como se les conoció en su momento, si bien ya a fines del siglo XIX les llamaron también cristeros, en una aparente anticipación a los cristeros del siglo XX– y otras rebeliones conservadoras que lo precedieron, y se revisa la ideología profesada por estos rebeldes católicos rurales, que terminarían incorporándose a la triunfante rebelión de Tuxtepec.

We report on the discovery of a population related to the Blunt-headed Salamander (Ambystoma amblycephalum), a micro-endemic axolotl from Mexico scientifically confirmed only once since its original description in 1940, and now presumably extinct. In 2018, paedomorphic and metamorphosed adults, as well as clutches and larvae, were found in a cattle pond at Nahuatzen, Michoacán state, Mexico, ~60 km away from the type locality (Tacícuaro). Morphometric comparisons suggested high similarity with the type series of A. amblycephalum, while mitochondrial DNA barcoding (16S and control region) revealed close (but imperfect) matching to a reference sequence. We gathered data on life history and ecology of this population, which could be the only extant relic of A. amblycephalum. Its highly limited distribution and presumably low population density are hallmarks for a high risk of extinction, and alarms on the critical situation of many micro-endemic salamanders of Mexico, hence calling for immediate conservation actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los movimientos de población en el oriente del obispado de Michoacán a fines de la época colonial. Entre los casos estudiados se encuentran Maravatío y Taximaroa, dos sedes parroquiales cuya jurisdicción abarca pueblos de indios, pero también gran cantidad de haciendas y ranchos agropecuarios poblados por españoles, indios laboríos y castas. Por otro lado, en el oriente se encontraba Tlalpujahua y Angangueo, dos reales mineros integrados por población de diversos orígenes. Para analizar la inmigración a estos asentamientos se emplearon los registros parroquiales de matrimonios donde se encuentra el lugar de origen de los contrayentes. Se concluye que en las parroquias con pueblos de indios y actividades agropecuarias los movimientos intraparroquiales se dieron de los pueblos a las haciendas y la inmigración foránea fue poco frecuente por el equilibrio entre la mano de obra y los recursos existentes.

Participatory landscape conservation is an innovative approach that weaves together theoretical models and practical applications. Intertropical regions, such as Mexico, face challenges to conciliate regional governability, social justice, and nature conservation. The State of Michoacan is one of these regions where such challenges are exacerbated, particularly nature conservation, due to ongoing territorial disputes. We implemented the participatory landscape conservation approach by creating a complementary form of protected area to deal with ongoing conflicts, drought conditions, and extreme poverty. We conducted participatory mapping and landcover/use analyses as the main methodological tools to reach consensus among stakeholders. We integrated, macro, micro, and social scales to provide sound arguments to integrate local, scholar, and policy makers’ perceptions. The outcomes of the participatory mapping analyses were assessed. The present paper provides evidence of the positive outcome of using The Participatory Landscape Conservation Approach to establish a Biosphere Reserve, safeguarding one of the most biologically diverse and delicate ecosystems consisting of seasonally dry tropical forests within a rather disputed region. We discussed the relevance of our findings and compared them to ongoing regional and global trends in light of other forms of establishing long-term multistakeholder agreements, as is the case for protected areas.

The sources to document the practice of medicine in the 17th century in Michoacán, Mexico are scarce. This article integrates the information that has been found, in which it can be known that the foundation and maintenance of hospitals was sponsored by the Catholic Church, monastic orders and brotherhoods. Also, in those years the population received care from doctors with academic training, as well as from traditional medicine practitioners, and both were accepted by the social groups. There is a record that, in the 17th century, in the bishopric of Michoacán, there were 254 hospitals distributed in 90 districts, with a rate of 2.82 hospitals per parish. The architectural typology of these hospitals came from Spanish Medieval formulas, which considered the hospital as a multifunctional space where health care, a nursery and a shelter for the poor were combined. Materials from the region itself were used for their construction, such as mud, wood, and stone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archaeologists see the value, if not the allure, of formation theory. Before inferring what happened in the past and why, we must know how the material record formed. Pottery is abundant and informative, therefore a common analytical subject. Understanding size and composition of ceramics assemblages requires formation theory, including knowledge of vessel use life. This fundamental quantity has two salient properties. The first--central tendency measured by mean or median--is widely acknowledged. Use life's second, equally important, property is the distribution of failure-age by specimen across assemblages. This article considers how and why both use-life properties affect size and composition of pottery assemblages. From a longitudinal ethnoarchaeology of household pottery in Michoacán, Mexico, it identifies vessel-size measures that correlate with use-life mean, and it demonstrates archaeologically innovative ways to characterize distributions that improve both analysis of assemblages and comparison between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the urban layout and development of the ancient city of Angamuco (AD 250–1530)—a populated urban center located within the core area of the Purépecha Empire in Michoacán, Mexico—through the lens of its complex road network. Image and network analysis of lidar datasets revealed more than 3,000 roads distributed throughout the site, identified the main patterns of road arrangement, and documented variable accessibility within the city. After presenting a summary of these results, I propose that road networks are fundamental components of urban centers that can help reveal social configurations, local interactions, and models of governance. The study of the road network at the site of Angamuco suggests that this city developed organically without the strong influence of political hierarchy a few centuries prior to the formation of the Purépecha Empire. Angamuco inhabitants organized and negotiated space and settlement within their immediate community and had access to virtually all areas of the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Avocado cultivation has reduced the extent of forest ecosystems in central Mexico, even in natural protected areas such as the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve (MBBR) where information on the extent and expansion dynamics of avocado cover is scant. This study aimed to identify avocado plantations within the MBBR through photo interpretation for the 2006–2018 period. Change rates of the avocado cover extent were calculated for the northern, central, and southern zones of the MBBR, and topographic attributes such as elevation, soil type, slope, and slope aspect were identified. A total extent of 958 ha is covered by avocado plantations within the MBBR. The southern zone hosted the largest area under avocado cultivation (570 ha), but the northern zone had the highest change rate between 2006 and 2018 (422%). Most avocado orchards have been established mainly in Acrisol soils, south-facing slopes, on steep hillsides, and in elevations between 2050 and 2800 m. The conversion from traditional agricultural lands has been the main mechanism for the establishment of avocado orchards. However, 40 ha under avocado cultivation derived from deforestation, mainly in the central zone. The expansion of avocado plantations could trigger environmental impacts, even threatening the overwintering habitat and the migratory phenomenon of the monarch butterflies.

The article analyzes the history of the Spanish conquest of the Tarascan Indians of Michoacan, whose territory was located near the Western borders of the strongest Aztec state in ancient Mexico. The work notes that until the arrival of the Spanish conquerors the Tarascans stubbornly resisted the Aztecs and were in a state of hostility with them. The author notes some features of the Spanish conquest of this part of pre-colonial Mexico. While the history of the Aztec conquest is known for persistent resistance to the conquistadors, the submission of the Tarascans was relatively peaceful. This was facilitated by the lack of agreement among the natives in the fight against the conquerors: the Tarascans did not agree to create a military Alliance with the Aztecs, suspecting them of treachery. The article emphasizes that the policy and practice of intimidation by H. Cortez and his entourage also had an impact. The last pre-Hispanic Tarascan ruler, Tangahoan, after some hesitation, recognized the authority of the Spanish king and was baptized in 1525. However, Tangahoan was executed (burned at the stake) on February 14, 1530, after failing to fulfill another demand of the official Royal official and conqueror N. de Guzman regarding the tribute. The article highlights the specifics of the policy of the Spanish conquerors in relation to the Tarascans. As the conquistadors peacefully recognized their authority, the rulers of Michoacan retained their rights for almost half a century. Only since 1565, when he died the younger son Tangahoan and the last ruler of the Tarascan Antonio Huitzimengari begins the colonial history of Michoacаn. The author emphasizes the importance of using the system of community structures of the Tarascans in the organization of local government by the Spaniards of the conquered Indians. The Tarascans took part in the military campaigns of the Spaniards, the suppression of uprisings. The descendants of their ancient elite held command positions in the organization of tribute collection, working groups for the implementation of the first construction projects of the colonizers. The article briefly notes the features of the Tarascan Christianization associated with the personality of Bishop V. de Quiroga (died 1565), who tried to embody the ideas of Th. More in Michoacan and is deeply revered by the Tarascans up to the present day as the "father of the people".