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Monitoring the Future is a long-term program of research being conducted at the University of Michigan's Institute for Social Research under a series of investigator-initiated research grants from the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Now in its 32nd year, the study is comprised of several ongoing series of annual surveys of nationally representative samples of 8th- and 10th-grade students (begun in 1991), 12th-grade students (begun in 1975), and adults (begun in 1976). As the authors report in this volume, several segments of the adult population are covered in the follow-up surveys of high school graduates. One important segment is American college students; a second is their age peers who are not attending college, sometimes called the "forgotten half"; and a third is all young adult high school graduates of modal ages 19 to 30, which are referred to as the "young adult" sample. Finally, high school graduates at the specific modal ages of 35, 40, and 45 are included each year in longer term follow-ups. The follow-up surveys have been conducted by mail on representative subsamples of the previous participants from each high school senior class. The present volume presents data from the 1977 through 2006 follow-up surveys of the graduating high school classes of 1976 through 2005 as these respondents have progressed into adulthood--now through age 45 for the oldest respondents, and soon to be through age 50. An index is also included. (Contains 39 tables, 75 figures, and 58 footnotes.) [This content was produced by the Monitoring the Future project at the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan. For Volume I, see ED498428.]

The Monitoring the Future study has provided the nation with a window into the important, but largely hidden, problem behaviors of illicit drug use, alcohol use, and tobacco use. It has provided a clearer view of the changing topography of these problems among adolescents and adults, a better understanding of the dynamics of factors that drive some of these problems, and a better understanding of some of their consequences. It has also given policy makers and nongovernmental organizations in the field some approaches for reducing these problems. The 2006 survey, reported here, is the 32nd in this series of national surveys of substance use among America's young people. Results from the secondary school samples of 8th, 10th, and 12th graders are contained in Volume I, which is preceded by an advance summary of its key findings in "Monitoring the Future National Results on Adolescent Drug Use: Overview of Key Findings, 2006." Two of the major topics included in this series of annual reports are: (1) the prevalence and frequency of drug use among American secondary school students (specifically, in 8th, 10th, and 12th grades); and (2) historical trends in use by students in those grades. Distinctions are made among important demographic subgroups in these populations based on gender, college plans, region of the country, population density, parents' education, and race/ethnicity. Data on grade of first use, trends in use at lower grade levels, as well as intensity of drug use are also reported in separate chapters. This study has demonstrated that key attitudes and beliefs about use of the various drugs are important determinants of trends in use over time. Therefore, they are also tracked over time, as are students' perceptions of certain relevant aspects of the social environment--in particular, perceived availability, peer norms, use by friends, and exposure to use of the various drugs. The following are appended: (1) Prevalence and Trend Estimates Adjusted for Absentees and Dropouts; (2) Definition of Background and Demographic Subgroups; (3) Estimation of Sampling Errors; (4) Trends by Subgroup: Supplemental Tables for Secondary School Students; and (5) Trends in Specific Subclasses of Hallucinogens, Amphetamines, Tranquilizers, and Narcotic Drugs Other Than Heroin. An Index is also included. (Contains 210 tables, 103 figures, and 122 footnotes.) [This document was produced by the Monitoring the Future project at the Institute for Social Research, the University of Michigan. For Volume II, see ED498426.]

This report provides a summary of drug use trends from a survey of nearly 50,000 eighth-, tenth-, and twelfth- grade students nationwide. It also includes perceived risk, personal disapproval, and perceived availability of each drug by this group. A synopsis of the methods used in the study and an overview of the key results from the 2006 survey follows an introductory section. Next is a section for each individual drug class, providing figures that show trends in the overall proportions of students at each grade level (a) using the drug, (b) seeing a "great risk" associated with its use, (c) disapproving of its use, and (d) saying that they could get it "fairly easily" or "very easily." Drugs covered include: any illicit drug use, marijuana, inhalants, LSD, crack cocaine, amphetamines, methamphetamines and ice, heroin, other narcotics, tranquilizers, sedatives (barbituates), ecstasy and other club drugs, alcohol, cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, and steroids. Annual trends are provided for 8th and 10th graders from 1991-2006, and for 12th graders from 1975-2006. These represent the years for which data on each grade are available. The tables at the end of this report provide the statistics underlying the figures; they also present data on lifetime, annual, 30-day, and (for selected drugs) daily prevalence. Among the findings are that 8th graders have been the first to show turnarounds in illicit drug use: they were the first to show the upturn in use in the early 1990s and the first to show the decline in use after 1996. They now appear to be the first showing an end to many of the declines observed in recent years, leaving the 12th graders as showing further declines for the most part. The report also addresses the "cohort effects" phenomena; "cohort effects" refers to lasting differences between class cohorts that stay with them as they advance through school and beyond. (Contains 13 tables.)

This volume--the second in a two-volume set from the Monitoring the Future study--provides findings on the substance use and related behaviors of several segments of the adult population. It also contains findings on attitudes and beliefs about drugs, as well as on several particularly salient dimensions of their social environments. Volume I presents similar findings for American secondary students in grades 8, 10, and 12. One important segment covered here is the population of American college students; a second is their age peers who are not attending college. Also covered in this volume are young adult high school graduates ages 19 to 30 (including the college students), as well as high school graduates at ages 35, 40, and 45. Monitoring the Future is a long-term research program conducted at the University of Michigan's Institute for Social Research under a series of investigator-initiated research grants from the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Now in its 30th year, it comprises, in part, ongoing series of annual nationally representative surveys of 12th- (begun in 1975) and of 8th- and 10th-grade students (begun in 1991). (Contains 31 tables and 79 figures.) [For Volume I, see ED489468. For 2003 edition of Volume II, see ED483832.]

This report presents an overview of the key findings from the Monitoring the Future 2002 nationwide survey of 8th, 10th, and 12th grade students. A particular emphasis is placed on recent trends in the use of licit and illicit drugs. Trends in the levels of perceived risk and personal disapproval associated with each drug--which this study has shown to be particularly important in explaining trends in use--are also presented, as well as trends in perceived availability of the various drugs. A separate section is then presented for each class of drugs. These sections contain graphs showing trends in past-year use. They also show trends in perceived risk, disapproval, and perceived availability of marijuana, inhalants, LSD, cocaine, crack cocaine, amphetamines, heroin, methamphetamine, tranquilizers, barbiturates, club drugs (ecstasy and rohypnol), alcohol, cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, and steroids. The surveys generated a more positive picture than has been seen in recent years. Quite a number of illicit drugs showed broad declines, most notably ecstasy for the first time; cigarette smoking dropped sharply in all grades; and drinking alcohol and getting drunk were down in all grades. (Contains 9 tables.) (GCP)

Since 1975, the Monitoring the Future project has provided the nation with an important window through which to view the rapidly changing problems of drug use among American youth. This latest two-volume monograph reports the results of the twenty-seventh (2001) national survey of drug use and related attitudes and beliefs among American high school seniors. Results from the secondary school samples of eighth, tenth, and twelfth graders are contained in Volume I. It reports the results of the national survey of drug use and related attitudes and beliefs among 8th, 10th, and 12th graders. Distinctions are made among important demographic subgroups in these populations based on gender, college plans, region of the country, population density, parents' education, and race and ethnicity. Following the introductory chapter, chapter 2 presents key findings. Study design is reviewed in chapter 3. Chapters 4 and 5 explain the prevalence and trends in drug use. Chapter 6 discusses the initiation rates by grade level. Chapter 7 explains the degree and duration of drug highs. Chapter 8 discusses attitudes about drug use, and chapter 9 reviews the social milieu. Chapter 10 sums up other findings from the study. Volume 1 was preceded by an advance summary publication of its key findings. (Contains 5 appendixes, 128 tables, and 94 figures.) (GCP)

This is the second volume in a two volume set covering research conducted as part of the Monitoring the Future study of young adults. It presents the results of the 1977 through 2001 follow-up surveys of the graduating high school classes of 1976 through 2000 as these respondents have progressed from college into adulthood. In order for this volume to stand alone, some material has been repeated from volume 1. Specifically, chapter 2 is repeated from volume 1, and provides an overview of the key findings. Chapter 3, on study design and procedures, is also repeated. Chapter 4 examines the prevalence of drug use in early and middle adulthood, and chapter 5 presents trends in drug use. Chapter 6 presents young adults attitudes and beliefs about drugs, while Chapter 7 discusses the social milieu. Chapters 8 and 9 look at the prevalence and trends in drug use among college students. (Contains 30 tables and 55 references.) (GCP)

This report presents an overview of the key findings from the Monitoring the Future 2001 nationwide survey of 8th, 10th, and 12th grade students. A particular emphasis is placed on recent trends in the use of licit and illicit drugs. Trends in the levels of perceived risk and personal disapproval associated with each drug--which this study has shown to be particularly important in explaining trends in use--are also presented, as well as trends in perceived availability of the various drugs. A separate section is then presented for each class of drugs. These sections contain graphs showing trends in past-year use. They also show trends in perceived risk, disapproval, and perceived availability of marijuana, inhalants, LSD, cocaine, crack cocaine, amphetamines, heroin, methamphetamine, tranquilizers, barbiturates, club drugs (ecstasy and rohypnol), alcohol, cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, and steroids. Key findings show that the overall illicit drug use among teens remained steady in 2000 in all three grades as well as for specific drugs such as marijuana, amphetamines, hallucinogens other than LSD, tranquilizers, barbiturates, and alcohol. Key findings mixed results, as did the 1999 and 2000 surveys. The primary drug showing an increase in 2001 was ecstasy, which had been rising sharply since 1998. In contrast to this increase, a number of other drugs showed evidence of some decline in 2001. One of the most important such declines involved heroin, which had been at or near peak levels in recent years. (Contains 9 tables.) (GCP)

The first two sections of this workbook clarify the conceptualization of academic service-learning and offer a set of foundational resources that prepare the reader for the subsequent design sections. Sections three through five review the three necessary conditions for academic service-learning and take the reader through the course planning process. The necessary criteria are relevant and meaningful service with the community, enhanced academic learning, and purposeful civic learning. Administrative issues related to service-learning are not covered in this workbook, nor are sample syllabi provided. The workbook assumes reader familiarity with general course design and development issues. Resources identified in the final section of the workbook provide information on these issues. (Contains 14 references.) (SLD)

This is the second volume in a two volume set covering research conducted as part of the Monitoring the Future study of young adults. It presents the results of the 1977 through 2000 follow-up surveys of the graduating high school classes of 1976 through 1999 as these respondents have progressed into adulthood. In order for this volume to stand alone, some material has been repeated from volume 1. Specifically, chapter 2 is repeated from volume 1, and provides an overview of the key findings. Chapter 3, on study design and procedures, is also repeated. Chapter 4 examines the prevalence of drug use in early and middle adulthood, and chapter 5 presents trends in drug use. Chapter 6 presents their attitudes and beliefs about drugs, while Chapter 7 discusses the social milieu. Chapters 8 and 9 look at the prevalence and trends in drug use among college students. (Contains 30 tables and 73 figures.) (JDM)

Each year since 1975, about 17,000 seniors have participated in a national survey conducted in some 130 high schools to assess students' changing lifestyles, values, and preferences. This publication is one in a series of annual monographs to disseminate many of the epidemiological findings from the study. It reports the results of the national survey of drug use and related attitudes and beliefs among 8th, 10th, and 12th graders. Distinctions are made among important demographic subgroups in these populations based on gender, college plans, region of the country, population density, parents' education, and race and ethnicity. Following the introductory chapter, chapter 2 presents key findings. Study design is reviewed in chapter 3. Chapters 4 and 5 explain the prevalence and trends in drug use. Chapter 6 discusses the initiation rates by grade level. Chapter 7 explains the degree and duration of drug highs. Chapter 8 discusses attitudes about drug use, and chapter 9 reviews the social milieu. Chapter 10 sums up other findings from the study. Volume 1 was preceded by an advance summary publication of its key findings. (Contains 5 appendixes, 146 tables and 103 figures.) (JDM)

This publication presents an overview of the 2000 survey of 8th, 10th, and 12th grade students, with a particular emphasis on recent trends in the use of various licit and illicit drugs. It also shows trends in the levels of perceived risk and personal disapproval associated with each drug, which this study has shown to be particularly important in explaining trends in use. The first section presents trends in the overall proportions of students at each grade level reporting illicit drug use. A separate section is then presented for each class of drugs. These sections contain graphs showing trends in past-year use. They also show trends in perceived risk, disapproval, and perceived availability of marijuana, inhalants, LSD, cocaine, crack cocaine, amphetamines, heroin, tranquilizers, barbiturates, club drugs, alcohol, cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, and steroids. Key findings show that the overall illicit drug use among teens remained steady in 2000 in all three grades as well as for specific drugs such as marijuana, amphetamines, hallucinogens other than LSD, tranquilizers, barbiturates, and alcohol. (Contains 9 tables.) (JDM)

This occasional paper is intended to serve as a supplement to the larger annual volume, "Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975-2000: Volume 1: Secondary School Students." This supplement contains the graphic presentation of the trends in drug use for various demographic subgroups, namely those defined by gender, college plans, region of the country, population density, education level of the parents, and racial and ethnic identification. It presents trend data for 12th grade respondents from 1975, the first year nationally representative samples of high school seniors were obtained. Data are also presented on 8th and 10th grade students from 1991, the first year they were added. Two appendixes from the larger volume are included for the convenience of the reader. Appendix D contains the numerical information upon which these graphs are based. Appendix B contains detailed information of the demographic categories being used. (Contains 151 figures) (JDM)

This is the second volume in a two-volume set reporting the results of all surveys from the Monitoring the Future study of American secondary school students and college students. This volume presents the results of the 1977 through 1999 follow-up surveys of the graduating high school classes of 1976 through 1998, as the respondents progressed through young adulthood. Prior to this study, little nationally representative trend data existed on college students. It also presents for the first time prevalence and trend data on 35- and 40-year-olds. A major purpose of the study is to serve as a social monitor or social indicator intended to characterize the levels and trends in certain behaviors, attitudes, beliefs, and conditions in the population. Social indicators have important agenda-setting functions for society, and they are useful for gauging progress against national goals. Another purpose is to develop knowledge that increases understanding of why changes in behaviors and attitudes are taking place among the population. In order for this volume to stand alone, Chapters Two and Three from Volume One have been repeated. Following the introduction in Chapter One, Chapter Two provides an overview of the key findings presented in both volumes. Chapter Three presents the design of the study. Chapters Four and Five discuss prevalence and trends of drug use in young adults. Attitudes and beliefs about drugs are included in Chapter Six and the social milieu for young adults is considered in Chapter Seven. Prevalence and trends of drug use specifically among college students are considered in Chapters Eight and Nine. (Contains 74 figures and 30 tables.) (Author/JDM)

Over the past quarter of a century, the Monitoring the Future study has tracked young American's use of psychoactive substances, both illicit and licit. In this volume, findings are presented on the prevalence and trends of drug use and related factors for secondary school students (eight, tenth, and twelfth graders). Distinctions are made among demographic subgroups of these populations based on gender; college plans; region of the country; population density; parents' education; and race/ethnicity. This study demonstrates that key attitudes and beliefs about use of the various drugs are important determinants of trends in use over time. Attitudes are tracked as well as students' perceptions of certain relevant aspects of their social environment, including perceived availability of substances, peer norms, use by friends, and exposure to use. Chapter One provides an introduction. Chapter Two gives an overview of key findings. Chapter Three presents study design and the procedures. Chapter Four discusses the prevalence of drug use among the different grades. Chapter Five explains trends in drug use. Chapter Six looks at the incidence of drug use in the lower grades. Chapter Seven discusses the degree and duration of drug-induced highs. Chapter Eight details attitudes and beliefs about drug use. Chapter Nine includes the influence of the social milieu. Chapter Ten explains other findings from the study. (Contains 5 appendixes, 152 tables, 105 figures, and references.) (JDM)

This report, using data from the 1992-93 National Study of Postsecondary Faculty, examines differences among postsecondary faculty by gender and by race/ethnicity. Comparisons were made on several human capital variables (education/experience) and structural variables (academic discipline/institution type), as well as for faculty outcomes (salary/tenure/rank). A multivariate analysis of factors associated with salary was also conducted. The study found differences between male and female faculty members in salary and rank, with female full-time faculty averaging lower salaries than males. Age, education, and experience also differed by gender, with female full-time faculty having lower educational levels and less experience than male faculty. Differences among racial/ethnic groups were also noted: white faculty generally had higher salaries and were more likely to be tenured and to be full professors than black faculty; and Black, non-Hispanic full-time faculty were less likely than white, non-Hispanic faculty to have higher salaries, tenure, and full professorships. Sections include an introduction, which notes prior research on the determinants of faculty salary, tenure, and rank, and methodology; sections examining representation of faculty by gender and by race/ethnicity; a section on the multivariate analysis; and a conclusion. Appended are technical notes, standard error tables, and additional data. (Contains 44 references.) (CH)

This booklet presents an overview of the findings pertaining to eighth, tenth, and twelfth grade students from the 1999 Monitoring the Future Study. This overview focuses on recent trends in the use of various licit and illicit drugs. It also examines trends in the levels of perceived risk and personal disapproval associated with each drug, which this study has shown to be important in explaining trends in use. The first section of findings presents trends in the overall proportions of students at each grade level reporting illicit drug use of any kind. A separate section is then presented for each class of drugs. These classes are: marijuana; inhalants; LSD; cocaine; crack cocaine; amphetamines; methamphetamine and ice; heroin, tranquilizers; barbiturates; club drugs--rohypnol and ecstasy; alcohol; cigarettes; and steroids. These sections contain graphs showing tends in past-year use and trends in perceived risk, disapproval, and perceived availability. The statistics underlying the trend lines contained in these graphs are given in the tables at the end of the report. These tables contain data on lifetime prevalence, thirty-day prevalence, and daily prevalence. They also indicate, for each prevalence period, which one-year changes are statistically significant. (MKA)

This two-volume monograph reports the results of the 24th national survey of drug use and related attitudes and beliefs among American high school seniors, the nineteenth such survey of American college students, and the eighth such survey of eighth- and tenth-grade students. The major purpose of this publication is to develop an accurate picture of current drug use and trends. Given the illicit and illegal nature of most of the phenomena under study and the absence of prevalence data, substantial misconceptions can develop and resources may be misallocated. Throughout this report, the focus in on drug use at the higher frequency levels rather than simply on who has used various drugs. A summary of the findings on trends includes: over more than a decade--from the late 1970s to the early 1990s--these were very appreciable declines in use of a number of illicit drugs among twelfth-grade students, and even larger declines in their use among American college students and young adults. These substantial improvements--which seem largely explainable in terms of changes in attitudes, beliefs about the risks of drug use, and peer norms against drug use--have some extremely important policy implications. One of these is that these various substance-using behaviors among American young people are malleable--they can be changed. Secondly, the demand-side factors appear to have been pivotal in bringing about these changes. the availability of marijuana, as reported by high school seniors, has held fairly steady throughout the life of the study. Improvements should not be taken for granted; relapse is always possible. In 1992, eighth graders exhibited a significant increase in annual use of marijuana, cocaine, LSD, and hallucinogens other than LSD, as well as an increase in inhalant use. In 1993, increases occurred in a number of "gateway drugs"--marijuana, cigarettes, and inhalants. The drug problem requires an ongoing, dynamic response from our society--one that takes into account the continuing generational replacement of our children and the generational forgetting of the dangers of drugs which can occur with that replacement. Contains 5 appendixes, 128 tables, and 105 figures.) (JDM)

This second volume, in a two-volume set reporting the results from the Monitoring the Future study, presents the results of the 1977 through 1998 follow-up surveys of the graduating high school classes of 1976 through 1997 as they have progressed through young adulthood. This current study, which draws the college sample in the senior year of high school, has considerable advantages for generating a broadly representative sample of the college students to emerge from each graduating cohort. It has "before, during, and after" college measures, which permit the examination of change. It also has similar panel data on the high school graduates who did not attend college. In order for this volume to stand alone, some material from Volume I is repeated. Chapters 2 and 3 in this volume are the same as Chapters 2 and 3 in Volume I, since one provides an overview of the key findings and the other explains the study's design and procedures. Chapter titles include: (1) "Introduction of Volume II"; (2) "Overview of Key Findings"; (3) "Study Design and Procedures"; (4) "Prevalence of Drug Use among Young Adults"; (5) "Trends in Drug Use among Young Adults"; (6) "Attitudes and Beliefs about Drugs among Young Adults"; (7) "The Social Milieu for Young Adults"; (8) "Prevalence of Drug Use among College Students"; and (9) "Trends in Drug Use among College Students." (Contains 30 tables and 66 figures.) (JDM)

This monograph is part of a series on institutional support for student assessment. This report, which covers the second stage of the study, analyzes the results of a national survey of postsecondary education institutions that examined how institutions approach student assessment, their patterns of organizational and administrative support, and the uses and impacts of these efforts, focusing on undergraduate education. The survey instrument was based on a literature review and conceptual framework developed during the first stage. The survey population was all public and private postsecondary institutions that offer undergraduate programs at the associate or baccalaureate level. Analysis of the data suggest that student assessment is becoming a common practice in the academic management of U.S. postsecondary education, but it is not yet institutionalized or deeply embedded in institutional support patterns, policies, and practices. The researchers also conclude that the conceptual framework used appears useful, and that the survey instrument provides a checklist for institutions to examine their assessment approach. Appendixes include the survey instrument, the "Inventory of Institutional Support for Student Assessment"; correspondence related to the Inventory; institutional response rates by state; factor analysis results; and related reports, publications, and presentations. (Contains approximately 155 references.) (CH)

This monograph, part of a series on student assessment, reports on the results of a national survey that examined institutional support for undergraduate student assessment. The study provides a national profile of student assessment initiatives at associate of arts institutions and compares it to assessment practices and support patterns found in all types of postsecondary institutions. It also offers advice for administrators, faculty, and staff in associate of arts institutions who are designing student assessment approaches and support processes that are likely to foster institutional improvement. Also included is the survey instrument used to gather study data, which institutions can use to examine patterns for student assessment on their own campuses. The monograph is organized in nine sections; they are: (1) "Introduction and Overview," (2) "Perspectives on Student Assessment in Higher Education," (3) "The Influence of External Groups," (4) "Approaches to Student Assessment," (5) "Organizational and Administrative Support Patterns," (6) "Assessment Management Practices and Policies," (7) "Uses and Impacts of Student Assessment," (8) "Key Relationships," and (9) "Executive Summary: Research Results and Recommendations." Appended is the survey instrument, the "Inventory of Institutional Support for Student Assessment for Associate of Arts Institutions," and information on the construction and content of variables. (Contains 49 references.) (SM)

This monograph, part of a series on student assessment, reports on the results of a national survey that examined institutional support for undergraduate student assessment. It provides a national profile of student assessment initiatives at comprehensive institutions and compares it to assessment practices and support patterns found in all types of postsecondary institutions. The study also offers advice for administrators, faculty, and staff in comprehensive institutions who are designing student assessment approaches and support processes that are likely to foster institutional improvement. Also included is the survey instrument used to gather study data, which institutions can use to examine patterns for student assessment on their own campuses. The monograph is organized in nine sections: (1) "Introduction and Overview"; (2) "Perspectives on Student Assessment in Higher Education"; (3) "The Influence of External Groups"; (4) "Approaches to Student Assessment"; (5) "Organizational and Administrative Support Patterns"; (6) "Assessment Management Practices and Policies"; (7) "Uses and Impacts of Student Assessment"; (8) "Key Relationships"; and (9) "Executive Summary: Research Results and Recommendations." Appended is the survey instrument, the "Inventory of Institutional Support for Student Assessment for Comprehensive Institutions," and information on the construction and content of variables. (Contains 43 references.) (SM)

This monograph, part of a series on student assessment, reports the results of a national survey that examined institutional support for undergraduate student assessment. It provides a national profile of student assessment initiatives at doctoral and research institutions, and compares it to assessment practices and support patterns found in all types of postsecondary institutions. The study also offers advice for administrators, faculty, and staff in doctoral and research institutions who are designing student assessment approaches and support processes that are likely to foster institutional improvement. Also included is the survey instrument used to gather study data, which institutions can use to examine patterns for student assessment on their own campuses. The monograph is organized in nine sections: (1) "Introduction and Overview"; (2) "Perspectives on Student Assessment in Higher Education"; (3) "The Influence of External Groups"; (4) "Approaches to Student Assessment"; (5) "Organizational and Administrative Support Patterns"; (6) "Assessment Management Practices and Policies"; (7) "Uses and Impacts of Student Assessment"; (8) "Key Relationships"; and (9) "Executive Summary: Research Results and Recommendations." Appended are the survey instrument, "Inventory of Institutional Support for Student Assessment for Doctoral and Research Institutions," and information on the construction and content of variables. (Contains 52 references.) (SM)

This monograph, part of a series on student assessment, reports on the results of a national survey that examined institutional support for undergraduate student assessment. It provides a national profile of student assessment initiatives at baccalaureate institutions and compares it to assessment practices and support patterns found in all types of postsecondary institutions. The study also offers advice for administrators, faculty, and staff in baccalaureate institutions who are designing student assessment approaches and support processes that are likely to foster institutional improvement. Also included is the survey instrument used to gather study data, which institutions can use to examine patterns for student assessment on their own campuses. The monograph is organized in nine sections: (1) "Introduction and Overview"; (2) "Perspectives on Student Assessment in Higher Education"; (3) "The Influence of External Groups"; (4) "Approaches to Student Assessment"; (5) "Organizational and Administrative Support Patterns"; (6) "Assessment Management Practices and Policies"; (7) "Uses and Impacts of Student Assessment"; (8) "Key Relationships"; and (9) "Executive Summary: Research Results and Recommendations." Appended is the survey instrument, the "Inventory of Institutional Support for Student Assessment for Baccalaureate Institutions," and information on the construction and content of variables. (Contains 42 references.) (SM)

Data from the "Monitoring the Future" study follow-up studies on drug use of young adults post-high school are presented. An introduction, overview of key findings, and study design and procedures (including discussions of validity and representativeness) are provided. Follow-up procedures and sampling issues are discussed. This report is focused on college students defined as "high school graduates one to four years past high school who are enrolled in a two-year or four-year college," and young adults "in the class cohorts one to fourteen years beyond high school (modal ages 19 to 32)." Lifetime prevalence estimates are presented and discussed. Trends in drug use among young adults are reported with comparisons of subgroups for gender, regional differences and population density. "Attitudes and beliefs about drug use" and "the social milieu for young adults" are discussed in relation to trend data. Prevalence data for 1997 is presented and gender subgroups are compared; trends among college students are summarized. Data is provided in statistical tables and figures. This volume stands alone as data from Volume 1 necessary for interpretation is repeated. (EMK)

This study examines why some young men and women choose military service as well as what factors lead to successful enlisting among those who choose military service. It examines these questions using cross-sectional and longitudinal panel survey data from large nationwide samples of high school seniors, many of whom were followed into young adulthood. Potential correlates of military propensity and predictors of enlistment are considered under three broad categories: family and demographic background; educational background and aspirations; and a wide range of values, attitudes, and behaviors. Generally, results show that for men high grades, college plans, and the college preparatory curriculum are negatively associated with propensity. The data also show lower than average propensity among women with good grades and college plans. Results also show their views about the military in general, and particularly about employment conditions in the armed forces, are strongly associated with propensity and thus also with enlistment. Appendix I: Measures is divided into four sections: "Measures Used as Background Controls"; "Family Background and Demographics"; "Educational Attainment and Plans"; and "Indexes." Appendix II is made up of five parts: "Reporting the Results of MCA"; "Grand Mean"; "Variables"; "Factor Summary"; "Explained Variance"; and "Samples Used for Tables." Appendix III contains four parts: "Racial/Ethnic Differences"; "The Changing Racial/Ethnic Composition of the MTF Samples"; "Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Impacts of Family, Demographic, and Educational Background"; and "Number of Parents in the Home." (Contains 49 tables, 13 figures, and 18 references.) (MKA)