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Background Existing patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) that assess knee pain and symptoms show insufficient quality regarding their psychometric properties. We developed and validated a new PROM assessing knee pain and especially patellofemoral pathologies, the COMPrehensive AaChen Knee Score (COMPACK). Methods We followed a three-phase process of development and validation. (1) Scale development: we conducted a systematic literature research to collect and analyse the most commonly used PROMs for knee and patellofemoral pathologies to identify appropriate items. (2) Pilot testing: we assessed the content validity of the COMPACK based on interviews with patients and health experts regarding relevance, comprehensibility and comprehensiveness of the used items. (3) Field testing: we used the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidelines to evaluate the structural validity, internal consistency and test–retest reliability of the COMPACK. Results The COMPACK scale showed good structural validity, with two subscales measuring pain intensity and frequency. Further, scores of the COMPACK correlated positively with those obtained from the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (IKDC) (r = 0.64) and the 12-item Short Form Health Survey subscale of physical function: (r = 0.43). Both the total scale and the two subscales showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α > 0.82) and good to excellent test–retest reliability (Cronbach’s α > 0.82). Conclusions The final COMPACK score was shown to be a valid and reliable instrument and thus meets the most important psychometric quality criteria. In its development, we specifically focused on its content validity, structural validity and applicability.

Podcasts befinden sich in einem unveränderten Aufwärtstrend: Die Nutzungszahlen und auch das Angebot wachsen seit einigen Jahren rasant. Immer mehr Rundfunksender, Streamingdienste, Prominente oder Privatpersonen produzieren und publizieren mittlerweile eigene Podcasts. Auch Zeitungs- und Zeitschriftenverlage erweiterten ihr Portfolio zuletzt immer häufiger um eigene Audioangebote. Vor diesem Hintergrund befasst sich der folgende Beitrag im Rahmen einer explorativen, quantitativ-qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse mit den Podcasts ausgewählter Zeitungs- und Zeitschriftenverlage. Die Analyse zeigt, dass sich viele der Verlage mit ihren Formaten noch in einer Ausprobier- und Experimentierphase befinden.

This thesis is investigating an annular packed-bed reactor for high-temperature thermochemical energy storage. Thermal energy storage is an important technological pathway to provide on-demand renewable heat for industrial processes or electricity generation. Thermochemical storage utilizes reversible chemical reactions to store heat, and in combination with a thermocline-based packed-bed thermal energy storage, outflow temperatures can be stabilized and even actively controlled. This combination allows for operating temperatures exceeding the state of the art commercially available thermal energy storages. For the thorough investigation of such a reactor, a detailed heat- and mass-transfer model is formulated to resolve the gas flow and heat transfer via conduction, convection and radiation, coupled to the chemical reaction rates. Temperature-dependent material properties are implemented, and reaction rates are dynamically prescribed by either local equilibrium conditions or kinetics determined by using the isothermal relaxation technique in a thermogravimetric analyser. The governing conservation equations are numerically solved by the finite-volume technique and verified using the method of manufactured solutions and order verification studies. Deliberate parameter choices are used to simplify the model to analytically solveable problems. The steady-state conduction through a cylinder as well as transient conduction with varying boundary conditions are used to analytically validate the heat-transfer aspects of the model. For experimental validation and as a proof-of-concept, the calcination-carbonation of limestone, CaCO3 CaO + CO2 is selected as the reversible thermochemical model reaction. Synthesized 4.2mm-mean size agglomerates and 1.7mm-mean size granules of CaO with 42%wt sintering-inhibitor MgO support attained reaction extents of up to 84% for agglomerates and 59.9% for granules, and good cycling stability in pressure-swing and temperatureswing thermogravimetric runs. A lab-scale reactor prototype is fabricated and tested with both formulations for 80 consecutive carbonation-calcination cycles at ambient pressure using a temperature-swing mode between 830°C and 930°C. The reactor exhibited stable cyclic operation and low pressure drop, and yielded specific gravimetric and volumetric heat storage capacities of 866 kJ/kg and 322 MJ/m3 for agglomerates, respectively, and 450 kJ/kg and 134 MJ/m3 for granules, respectively. The single-reactor model is integrated into a multi-reactor model, and coupled to a simple thermocline-TES simulation. A detached simulink model is used to find a viable and reliable controller design, which is subsequently implemented in the multi-reactor model. A reference case scenario is constructed and used to study the charging and discharging steps of the storage cycle. To better understand the behavior and limitations of the reactor system, a limited parameter study is conducted. It is found that the outflow temperature can be stabilised at the desired levels by active pressure control. Variations in rate-controlling parameters have little influence on the round-trip energy and exergy efficiencies of the combined storage.

Aesthetic plastic surgery (2022). doi:10.1007/s00266-022-03141-w, Published by Springer, New York, NY ; Heidelberg ; Berlin

Fisheries bycatch threatens the viability of some seabird populations and reduces fishing efficiency. Albatross bycatch in a US North Pacific tuna longline fishery has increased over the past decade and now exceeds 1000 annual captures. Seabirds interacting with this fishery reach hooks at depths up to 1 m. A branchline weight’s mass and distance from the hook affect seabird catch rates. We conducted experimental fishing to compare the commercial viability of a weighted hook relative to conventional gear with weights attached 0.75 m from the hook. We used a Bayesian random effects meta-analytic regression modelling approach to estimate pooled expected species-specific log relative risk of capture on conventional versus experimental gear. There was a significant 53% (95% HDI: − 75 to − 25%) decrease in retained species’ catch rates on experimental hooks, indicating an unacceptable economic cost, and no significant effect for discarded species. Using a Bayesian general linear mixed regression modelling approach, experimental hooks sank to 85 cm ca. 1.4 times (95% HDI: 1.37–1.48) faster than control hooks. Given their potential to reduce seabird catch rates, eliminate safety risks from bite-offs and facilitate robust compliance monitoring, it is a priority to find a weighted hook design with acceptable catch rates.

Current biomass production and trade volumes for energy and new materials and bio-chemicals are only a small fraction to achieve the bioenergy levels suggested by many global energy and climate change mitigation scenarios for 2050. However, comprehensive sustainability of large scale biomass production and trading has yet to be secured, and governance of developing biomass markets is a critical issue. Fundamental choices need to be made on how to develop sustainable biomass supply chains and govern sustainable international biomass markets. The aim of this paper is to provide a vision of how widespread trade and deployment of biomass for energy purposes can be integrated with the wider (bio)economy. It provides an overview of past and current trade flows of the main bioenergy products, and discusses the most important drivers and barriers for bioenergy in general, and more specifically the further development of bioenergy trade over the coming years. It discusses the role of bioenergy as part of the bioeconomy and other potential roles; and how it can help to achieve the sustainable development goals. The paper concludes that it is critical to demonstrate innovative and integrated value chains for biofuels, bioproducts, and biopower that can respond with agility to market factors while providing economic, environmental, and societal benefits to international trade and market. Furthermore, flexible biogenic carbon supply nets based on broad feedstock portfolios and multiple energy and material utilization pathways will reduce risks for involved stakeholder and foster the market entry and uptake of various densified biogenic carbon carriers.

To perform a systematic review and compare the functional and objective outcomes after single-bundle (SB) vs. double-bundle (DB) posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (PCLR). Where possible to pool outcomes and arrive at summary estimates of treatment effect for DB PCLR vs. SB PCLR via an embedded meta-analysis.A comprehensive PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) literature search identified 13 eligible studies evaluating clinical outcomes of both techniques for PCLR. Clinical outcome measures included in the meta-analysis were functional outcomes (Lysholm Score, Tegner Activity Scale) and objective measurements of posterior laxity of the operated knee (arthrometer and stress radiographs).The meta-analysis included 603 patients. Three hundred and fifteen patients were treated with SB and two hundred and eighty-eight patients with DB PCLR. There were no significant differences between SB and DB PCLR in postoperative functional Lysholm Scores (CI [- 0.18, 0.17]), Tegner Activity Scales (CI [- 0.32, 0.12]) and IKDC objective grades (CI [- 0.13, 1.17]). Regarding posterior stability using KT-1000 and Kneelax III arthrometer measurements, there were no differences between the SB and DB group. However, double-bundle reconstruction provided better objective outcome of measurement of posterior laxity (CI [0.02, 0.46]) when measured with Telos stress radiography.A systematic review was conducted to identify current best evidence pertaining to DB and SB PCLR. An embedded meta-analysis arrived at similar summary estimates of treatment effect for motion, stability and overall function for both techniques. There is no demonstrable clinically relevant difference between techniques based on the currently available evidence.III.

In der bayerischen Verfassung steht seit 1973, dass Rundfunk allein in öffentlich-rechtlicher Trägerschaft betrieben wird. Seit Mitte der 1980er Jahre hat sich aber gerade im Freistaat die vielfältigste privatwirtschaftliche Radio- und Fernsehlandschaft entwickelt. In jeder größeren Stadt, in allen Regierungsbezirken gibt es lokale Sender. Auf 600 Seiten bietet der Band einen Überblick, wie sich diese Medienszene unter dem Dach der Bayerischen Landeszentrale für neue Medien (BLM) entwickelt hat – von der Vorgeschichte bis in die Gegenwart. In sechs Kapiteln und mehr als 30 Aufsätzen werden Einblicke vermittelt in die Anbieterstruktur sowie die rechtlichen, technischen und ökonomischen Grundlagen, in die Programmangebote und deren Nutzung, wie auch beispielsweise in Ansätze, die Medienkompetenz zu fördern und die Qualität dessen, was da tagaus und tagein, landauf und landab gesendet wird, vergleichend zu messen. Detailstudien bieten darüber hinaus aktuelle Befunde etwa zu Ansätzen crossmedialen Arbeitens und zur Entwicklung von Redaktionsstrukturen sowie zur Stellung von Frauen in den Redaktionen, zu Hochschulradioangeboten, zur inhaltlichen Ausgestaltung von Regionalnachrichten, zur wachsenden Bedeutung auch von Podcasts, zu Musikformaten und Moderationsformen im Wandel der Jahrzehnte und zu vielem anderen mehr. Die Vielfalt vor Ort des privaten Rundfunks in Bayern wird damit umfassend abgebildet. Since 1973, the Bavarian State Constitution requires broadcasting services licensed in Bavaria to be organised under public control. However, since the mid 1980s the most diverse commercial radio and television landscape has developed in Bavaria. There are local broadcasting stations in every major city and in every government district. On 600 pages, the anthology offers an overview of how this media scene has developed under the oversight of the Bayerische Landeszentrale für neue Medien (BLM), the regulatory authority for new media in Bavaria, over the last decades. In six chapters and more than 30 articles, historians and communication scientists discuss the broadcasting structure, the legal, technical and economic basics, the program offers and their use, as well as, for example, approaches to promote media literacy and media quality. In addition, detailed studies provide current findings, for example, on approaches to cross-media work and the development of editorial structures as well as the position of women in editorial offices, campus radio offers, the content of regional news, the growing importance of podcasts, music formats and forms of moderation over the decades and much more. Thus, the anthology comprehensively represents the diversity of the commercial broadcasting in Bavaria.

Aufgrund des digitalen Wandels ruckt Offentlichkeit wieder verstarkt in den Fokus der kommunikationswissenschaftlichen Fachdiskussion. In dieser Auseinandersetzung mit dem Gegenstandsbereich des Faches und seiner zukunftigen Ausrichtung zeigt sich deutlich der zentrale Stellenwert von Offentlichkeit als Fluchtpunkt fur die Erklarung gesellschaftlicher Phanomene aus kommunikationswissenschaftlicher Perspektive. Wenn nun Offentlichkeit wieder in den Mittelpunkt des Faches ruckt, stellt sich erneut – und aufgrund der immer starker voranschreitenden Digitalisierung noch drangender – die Frage, wie Offentlichkeit zu beschreiben und zu erfassen ist.

Background Smartphones have become increasingly more popular and complicated tasks can be performed with these devices. However, the increasing use is associated with shoulder and neck pain, as well as with psychological addiction. Research question Do different smartphone tasks lead to changes in spinal posture and pelvic position? Is there a relationship between smartphone addiction and changes in posture? Methods A cross-sectional study including 50 participants was performed. Test subjects completed the Smartphone Addiction Scale and the SF-36 health questionnaire. Subjects spinal posture and pelvic position during different smartphone tasks were measured through a surface topography system. The different tasks were: standing in an upright position, simulating a phone call, texting with one or two hands during standing or while walking on a treadmill. Paired T-tests and ANOVA tests were performed to evaluate differences. The Kendall rank test was used to investigate the association between clinical scores and changes in spinal posture. Results All smartphone tasks lead to a significant increase in thoracic kyphosis and trunk inclination during standing and while walking. A significant increased lumbar lordosis was also found. Texting with one or two hands correlated with increased surface rotation. No associations between smartphone addiction and changes of the spinal posture were reported. Significance This represents the first surface topography study that investigated the influence of different smartphone tasks on the spinal posture and pelvic position during standing and while walking. With the results of this study we demonstrated that smartphone use leads to significant changes of sagittal and frontal spine parameters. Further research should focus on the evaluation of possible detrimental effects of long-term smartphone use on the spinal posture and on the development of preventive measures.

Leg length inequalities (LLI) are a common problem in medicine. So far, the diagnosis and treatment are performed under static conditions. Surface Topography (ST) is an optical, non-invasive technique that uses the principle of triangulation to measure spinal posture and pelvic position. This technique offers the opportunity to detect and treat LLIs and their effects under dynamic conditions.question The aim of the study is to show that ST can detect simulated LLIs under dynamic conditions and to prove if there are differences between the effects on the human body under static and dynamic conditions.In the clinical study a total of 30 test subjects were examined with a ST measuring device. LLIs (1 to 4 cm) were simulated using a custom- built sandal and insoles of various thickness. The pelvic obliquity, the surface rotation and lateral deviation of the spine were detected on a treadmill under static and dynamic conditions (3 km/h).Under static and dynamic conditions LLIs lead to a significant increase of all measured parameters. The pelvic obliquity reaches a significant level of p 0.0001 under static and p = 0.0001-0.0421 under dynamic conditions. However, for all examined parameters the magnitudes of the parameters under dynamic conditions were smaller than under static conditions.The study showed that simulated LLIs also have a significant effect on the human pelvis and spine under dynamic conditions, but with a smaller magnitude than under static conditions. The human individuum is a dynamic one. Because of that, for the future it should be of great interest to use dynamic measurements to detect and treat LLIs to provide an over correction of LLIs.

Radial head arthroplasty represents a widely accepted treatment for elbow injuries with non-reconstructible radial head fractures. The aim of this retrospective multicenter study was to assess mid-term results of patients with clearly defined elbow injuries including type III fractures of the radial head according to Mason’s classification type III after primary arthroplasty using a cemented bipolar design. In 45 cases a primary cemented bipolar arthroplasty of the radial head was implanted for elbow injuries combined with an acute Mason type III radial head fracture. In all patients associated fractures were detected with preoperative CT scans and ligamentous injuries were evaluated and both were addressed intraoperatively based on a standardized algorithm. Patients with associated injuries other than coronoid fractures and collateral ligament tears were excluded from this study to obtain a more homogenous sample. Clinical and radiological assessment was performed on thirty-seven patients at an average of 5.6 years postoperatively. DASH Score, functional rating index of Broberg and Morrey, Mayo Elbow Performance Score, and Mayo Modified Wrist Score confirmed good-to-excellent results in most of the patients. Compared to the unaffected arm range of motion and grip strength were slightly reduced. No elbow instability or loosening of the prosthesis, and minor degenerative changes were detected in a few cases. Primary cemented bipolar arthroplasty for type III fractures according to Mason’s classification in an elbow injury pattern only including associated coronoid fractures and/or ligamentous tears resulted in good-to-excellent mid-term results. These results suggest that primary bipolar radial head arthroplasty combined with distinct treatment of all associated injuries provides good functional outcomes concerning range of motion, elbow stability, and strength in this cohort. However, the associated injuries may influence clinical and radiological outcome and need to be detected, classified, and treated carefully.

Dendrolagus mbaiso is a very rare tree kangaroo (Macropodidae) that was previously only known from the high mountain moss forests of the southern and western slopes of the Sudirman Range of the Snow Mountains in Papua. Here, a northern range extension of D. mbaiso is reported from within the traditional area of the Wano people. It was found on elevations from 1500 m to 3600 m. We also provide ethnographic notes from the Wano people, notes on the sympatric occurrence of D. mbaiso with Dendrolagus dorianus and observations on the variation of the fur color.

AimsThe aim of this retrospective multicentre study was to evaluate mid-term results of the operative treatment of Monteggia-like lesions and to determine the prognostic factors that influence the clinical and radiological outcome.Patients and MethodsA total of 46 patients (27 women and 19 men), with a mean age of 57.7 years (18 to 84) who had sustained a Monteggia-like lesion were followed up clinically and radiologically after surgical treatment. The Mayo Modified Wrist Score (MMWS), Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), Broberg and Morrey Score, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score were used for evaluation at a mean of 65 months (27 to 111) postoperatively. All ulnar fractures were stabilized using a proximally contoured or precontoured locking compression plate. Mason type I fractures of the radial head were treated conservatively, type II fractures were treated with reconstruction, and type III fractures with arthroplasty. All Morrey type II and III fractures of the coronoid process was stabilized using lag screws.ResultsGood results were found for the MMWS, with a mean of 88.4 (40 to 100). There were 29 excellent results (63%), nine good (20%), seven satisfactory (15%), and one poor (2%). Excellent results were obtained for the MEPS, with a mean of 90.7 (70 to 100): 31 excellent results (68%), 13 good (28%), and two fair (4%). Good results were also found for the functional rating index of Broberg and Morrey, with a mean score of 86.6 (57 to 100). There were 16 excellent results (35%), 22 good (48%), six fair (13%), and two poor (4%). The mean DASH score was 15.1 (0 to 55.8). Two patients had delayed wound healing; four patients had nonunion requiring bone grafting. One patient had asymptomatic loosening of the radial head prosthesis.ConclusionMonteggia-like lesions are rare. With correct identification, classification, and understanding using CT scans followed by appropriate surgical treatment that addresses all components of the injury, good to excellent mid-term results can be achieved. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:212–18.

Bei Knorpelgewebe handelt es sich um ein avaskulares, alymphatisches und nicht innerviertes Gewebe mit einem geringen intrinsischen Reparationspotenzial. Aufgrund der hohen Pravalenz und der klinischen Bedeutung von Knorpelschaden stellen diese bis heute eine Herausforderung fur die behandelnden Arzte dar. Der vorliegende Artikel soll den Lesern einen Uberblick uber die aktuell verfugbaren Knorpeldefekttherapien geben und uber ihre Ergebnisse informieren. Die Mikrofrakturierung stellt bis heute den Goldstandard in der Behandlung von kleinen Knorpeldefekten dar. Zur Therapie von umschriebenen, kleinen osteochondralen Defekten kann das osteochondrale autologe Transplantationssystem (OATS) eingesetzt werden. Grosere Defekte lassen sich erfolgreich mit der autologen matrixinduzierten Chondrogenese (AMIC) behandeln oder mit der matrixassoziierten autologen Chondrozytentransplantation (MACT). Trotz bestehender Limitationen der aktuellen Knorpeldefekttherapien kann durch diese eine kurz- bis mittelfristige Verbesserung des Beschwerdebildes bei Patienten mit lokalen Knorpelschaden erreicht werden. Weitere Entwicklungen und Studien sind notwendig, um langfristig gute Ergebnisse nach einer Knorpeltherapie zu erreichen.

We provide a meta-analysis for clinicians and researchers regarding reliability and validity of rasterstereographic measurement of the spinal posture.A comprehensive PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) literature search identified 19 eligible studies evaluating reliability and validity of static rasterstereographic measurements in healthy subjects and patients with different spinal pathologies.Our meta-analysis suggests that rasterstereography is a reliable and valid instrument to assess spinal posture parameters, especially thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, and scoliosis, reliability overall effect sizes rs .91, ps .001, validity overall effect sizes rs 70, ps .001, when compared to traditional radiological imaging techniques. Validity is higher in scoliosis patients compared with healthy controls. Limitations are a lack of reported statistics of the included studies and small sample sizes.The first meta-analysis on reliability and validity of rasterstereography shows satisfactory results. Rasterstereography thus presents a reliable and valid alternative to classic radiological imaging technique to assess and evaluate spinal posture in patients with spinal pathologies. Further studies are needed, focusing on the measurement properties of both static and dynamic rasterstereographic measurements.

Although taxes on land and property have many desirable attributes, the challenge of ensuring completeness of tax rolls and currency of valuations preclude their effective use to support urbanization and service provision in many developing countries. The example of Kigali shows how building footprints and heights generated from high-resolution satellite imagery, together with sales prices and routine statistical data, allow to assess and improve coverage and design of property tax systems. We show that only 40% of potential land lease fee revenue (of US$ 4.9 million) was collected and that moving to 1% value-based tax would increase revenue almost 10 times while being less regressive than the current system. While this could allow reducing the tax burden for low-income groups, exemptions should be applied with caution based on careful empirical analysis.

Bone defects remain a challenge for patients and orthopaedic surgeons. Autologous transfer of cancellous bone grafts remains the standard of care. However, in recent years various osteoinductive substitute materials, such as platelet rich plasma (PRP) and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) have been shown to improve bone healing. This study evaluates the effects of a combined application of PRP and HBO with autologous bone grafting in an animal model. In 48 New Zealand White rabbits bone defects at the radius were filled with autologous bone harvested at the iliac crest. This was combined with application of autologous PRP and/or HBO treatment for the duration of this study. After 3 and 6 weeks histomorphometric, immunohistochemical and radiologic evaluations were performed. All animals tolerated the treatment well. Improved bone regeneration was shown in all groups at 6 weeks compared to 3 weeks. Additional application of PRP and HBO resulted in an increase in new bone formation and increased neovascularization at 3 and 6 weeks. There was no statistical significant difference between PRP and HBO application in these regards. A combinatory use of PRP and HBO resulted in an increased bone regeneration and neovascularization compared to all other groups. This study provides evidence for an improvement of bone regeneration with the combinatory application of PRP and HBO to autologous cancellous bone grafts in a model of weight bearing bone defects in rabbits. Also synergistic effects of these two measures on angiogenesis were evident.

Introduction Anterior tension wiring using Kirschner wires (K-wires) is still considered the standard treatment for patella fractures, despite its high complication rate. The objective of this prospective clinical study was to evaluate intra- and perioperative complications as well as the clinical outcome of patients with patella fracture treated with a new developed bilateral, polyaxial, fixed-angle 2.7 mm patella plate. Patients and methods Between 2011 and 2014 all patients with a patella fracture were included in this prospective study and treated with a fixed-angle patella plate. Avulsion fractures of the inferior or superior pole of the patella were excluded. All fractures were classified according to the AO/OTA fracture classification. During a twelve-month follow up period all intra- and postoperative complications were recorded as well as the time until fracture healing. One year postoperatively the Lysholm Score, the pre- and postoperative Tegner Score, the Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score (HSS), the Turba Score, the Oxford Knee Score, the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), the Bostman Score and the Iowa Knee Score were surveyed. Altogether, 20 patella fractures in 19 patients were included in this prospective study. The most frequent type of fracture, n = 10, was a simple transverse patella fracture (C1), followed by 7 comminuted patella fractures (C3) and 3 T-shaped patella fractures (C2). Results During the 12-month follow up period two patients treated with the patella plate had a complication. In one patient a superficial wound infection occurred, which was treated successfully with hardware removal and in one patient a fracture dislocation due to an implant failure occurred. X-rays demonstrated complete bony healing in all fractures on average 3.2 months postoperatively. All knee scores showed good to excellent clinical results one year postoperatively. Conclusion The results of this first clinical study indicate that the fixed-angle patella plate is an effective and safe treatment option for patella fractures with a short operative learning curve. The treatment of communited patella fractures (C3) with a fixed-angle patella plate should be well-considered to avoid distending the indication and biomechanical properties.