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Right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and social dominance orientation (SDO) both predict generalized prejudice, dehumanization, intergroup discrimination, oppression, violence, right-wing political party preference, and generally punitive attitudes. Authoritarian attitudes have been theorized to involve maladaptive emotional, cognitive, and social self-regulation. However, there is no study of authoritarianism using the functioning of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) as a physiological index of self-regulation, thus leaving it unclear whether regulation is "impaired" with authoritarian attitudes per se. PNS functioning is commonly assessed by examining tonic and phasic heart rate variability (HRV). These two components are recognized to be important in terms of adaptation to stress. Decreased HRV has been associated with hypoactive prefrontal regulation, hyperactive subcortical structures, maladaptive self-regulation, hyper-vigilance, decreased prosocial tendencies, defensiveness, impulsive behaviors, and aggression. Previous research suggests that self-regulatory failure may favor hostile attitudes and prejudicial intergroup behaviors. In a first study, we found that high RWA was associated with lower tonic HRV at rest. In a second study, stress-induced autonomic reactivity and poststress autonomic recovery were examined as potential pathways linking authoritarian attitudes to self-regulation. We found that high RWA and high SDO were associated with (i) lower tonic HRV during stress, (ii) greater autonomic reactivity during stress, and (iii) lower autonomic recovery. Overall, our results suggest that autonomic dysregulation during and following stress is a plausible physiological pathway connecting RWA and SDO to self-regulation. Implications of such results for research on political attitudes are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

International audience; ObjectiveThe main goal of this cross-sectional study was to examine the relationships between negative/positive psychological dispositions, mental health, and quality of life (QoL) prior to hospitalization among patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).MethodA total of 187 patients (Mage = 52.07 years) completed a questionnaire 19.6 days before an allograft. Several positive psychological dispositions (i.e. mindfulness, optimism, and acceptance) and a negative psychological disposition (i.e. experiential avoidance) were assessed. Our dependent variables were mental health (i.e. happiness, depression, and anxiety) and QoL.ResultsIn the sample, 56.8% of patients were characterized by an impaired QoL and 56.9% and 21% had, respectively, anxiety and depression levels above the critical threshold (i.e. a score above seven on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Anxiety, depression, and happiness were significantly related to the mental component of QoL, whereas physical QoL was only related to depression and happiness. Providing additional support for a complete state health approach, several positive and negative psychological dispositions (i.e. optimism, acceptance, and experiential avoidance) were robustly related to mental illness/wellness and QoL.ConclusionsThese results highlight the importance of improving psychological health and QoL among HSCT patients prior to hospitalization by both promoting positive psychological and health factors and alleviating negative ones.

International audience; Objectives: Buddhist and scientific theories have described equanimity as a generaloutcome of mindfulness practices. Equanimity is a calm and balanced state of mind regardlessof the valence of situations or objects and is a decoupling between the evaluation of thisvalence and the resulting common automatic approach or avoidance reactions. The relationbetween the practice of mindfulness and equanimity still remain to be empirically explored.Methods: We conducted a correlational study (N = 106) to investigate the relationbetween hours of mindfulness practice among former mindfulness-based stress reductionprogram participants and two components of equanimity: even-minded state of mind andhedonic independence, using the EQUA-S. A second study (N = 86) investigatedexperimentally the effect of two meditation practices on equanimity among noviceparticipants.Results: The results of the first study revealed positive correlations between thecomponents of equanimity and both formal and informal mindfulness practices. Results fromthe second study revealed that the increase in even-minded state of mind during theexperimental session was significantly greater in the mindfulness practice condition than inthe active control condition. Hedonic independence was not significantly affected by the shortmindfulness practice.Conclusions: These results confirmed the importance of empirically studying equanimityat both trait and state levels, and identifying its relation and specificities with meditation andrelated phenomena.

International audience; Abstract Objectives Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can be a traumatic experience for the patient, engendering psychological distress and sometimes post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The aim of this study was to explore the relations between psychological resources (i.e., dispositional mindfulness, optimism, and acceptance) and deleterious factors (i.e., experiential avoidance and alexithymia) assessed before HSCT on PTSD symptomatology 5 months after transplantation. The relations between symptoms of PTSD and the five facets of dispositional mindfulness were also explored. Methods Among the 187 patients who completed the first questionnaire measuring dispositional factors (i.e., dispositional mindfulness, acceptance, optimism, experiential avoidance, and alexithymia) prior to hospitalization, 91 patients were assessed at 5 months after HSCT on PTSD symptomatology. Various medical and mental health variables were controlled.Results Acceptance, experiential avoidance, and the non-judging facet of mindfulness correlated significantly with PTSD symptoms at 5months. Adjusting for major comorbid psychiatric disorders of PTSD (i.e., anxiety and depression), only expe-riential avoidance and mindful non-judging remained significant correlates of PTSD symptomatology. In addition, controlling for the same comorbidities, a binary logistic regression analysis revealed that only the non-judging facet of mindfulness is related to a lower risk of developing symptoms of PTSD (OR = 0.38, p < .01; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.95).Conclusions This study highlights the importance of psychological constructs barely explored in HSCT. Cultivating a state of non-judgment and non-avoidance of internal experiences is negatively associated to PTSD symptoms following HSCT.

Background This prospective longitudinal study examined and compared two measures (prospective and retrospective ones) of post-traumatic growth (PTG) following Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation (HSCT) and their respective relationships with mental health and psychological disposition. We also tested the hypothesis that unwillingness to be in contact with distressing thoughts and feelings—i.e. experiential avoidance—would moderate the relationship between Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and growth. Methods This study was carried out with 187 patients. Patients completed the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) 5 months after HSCT and scales tapping into the five domains of PTGI during hospitalisation and 5 months after HSCT. Mental health and psychological disposition were also assessed prior to hospitalisation. A PTSD scale was administered at the five-month follow-up. Results Prospective and retrospective measures of PTG were weakly correlated. Bayesian pre/post-HSCT comparisons in the prospective measure of PTG revealed substantial to very strong decline in four of the five dimensions assessed. Overall, RCI indicated a reliable increase for 5.6% of patients and a reliable decrease for 40.8% of patients. Confirming that retrospective and prospective measures of PTG reflect different processes, they were not related to the same mental health and psychological disposition variables. Moreover, the hypothesis that acquiring positive outcomes from a potentially traumatic experience, such as HSCT, requires direct confrontation with the source of distress was supported in the case of the retrospective measure of growth but not in the case of the prospective measure growth. Conclusions Retrospective measures such as the PTGI do not appear to assess actual pre- to post-HSCT change. HSCT seems more linked to psychological decline than to growth.

International audience; Farmers’ health compared to the general population has been the object of some studies and reviews. Among all factors implied in psychological and physical health, the farming system (i.e., organic or conventional farming) was identified as one of the relevant factors to investigate. This article aims to review the literature established on the comparison between organic and conventional farmers’ health and its correlates. Twenty-nine quantitative or qualitative articles were identified for inclusion (n = 29). Results showed that organic farmers had globally better psychological and physical health than conventional farmers. Effect sizes were small to large; they differed according to the target outcome. In addition, factors correlated with farmers’ health were usually psychological, social, financial, and agricultural. This review of literature encourages further research in this area, particularly on developing agricultural models.

International audience; A person’s tendency to approach pleasant stimuli and to avoid unpleasant stimuli reflects a basic psychological phenomenon. The present research aimed to investigate the extent to which mindfulness practices and trait equanimity can attenuate this motivational process. In two studies, participants were asked to perform an Approach/Avoidance Task (AAT). In Study 1 (N = 84), prior to completing the AAT, participants were randomly assigned to one of two guided mindfulness-based meditation conditions (breathing or body-scan) or to an active control condition. In Study 2 (N = 71), which controlled for mindfulness practice, motor responses to the AAT were compared by level of equanimity of the participants (low vs. high). The results revealed that breathing meditation practice and trait equanimity significantly moderated participants’ motor responses to the AAT, and that the body-scan meditation did not moderate these responses. Bayesian analyses showed that participants in the breathing meditation group (Study 1) and those with higher equanimity (Study 2) showed a reduction of bias in their motor responses to the AAT. These results suggest that meditation practice and trait equanimity may promote a decrease in automatic motivational approach and avoidance tendencies evoked by positive and negative stimuli.

This study examines the evolution of Schwartz’s Basic Human Values during the COVID-19 outbreak, and their relationships with perceived threat, compliance with movement restrictions and social distancing. An online questionnaire was administered to a heterogeneous sample of French citizens (N= 1025) during the first French lockdown related to the outbreak. Results revealed a significant evolution of values; the conservation value was higher during the outbreak than usual, and both self-enhancement and openness-to-change values were lower during the COVID-19 outbreak than usual. Conservation and perceived threat during the outbreak were robustly and positively related to both compliance with movement restrictions and social distancing. Conservation during the outbreak emerged as a significant partial mediator of the relationship between perceived threat and outcomes (i.e., compliance with movement restrictions and social distancing). Implications of these results for the malleability of values and the COVID-19 modelling are discussed.

The main aim of this paper was to investigate the processes by which body scan meditation (BSM) increases happiness. We hypothesized that BMS would lead to a transition from the narrative self to the minimal self, but also and more importantly to a transition from the minimal self to a state of more unified consciousness characterized by both self-loss and oneness. Participants (n = 89; 79 women and 10 men; Mage = 19.5) were randomly assigned to either a body scan, a relaxing spiritual-minimalist style of music, or an active control condition. All constructs were assessed by means of self-report measures. As expected, the increase in unified consciousness and happiness was greater in the BSM condition than in the two other conditions, with unified consciousness mediating the effect of BSM on happiness (b = 0.10, CI: 0.03, 0.19). Feeling of being in harmony emerges as a significant mediator of the effect of unified consciousness on happiness (b = 0.06, CI: 0.01, 0.13), while alteration in inner-body experience significantly mediates the effect of BSM on unified consciousness (b = 0.35, CI: 0.12, 0.62). The increase in decentering and decrease in mind-wandering during the meditation does not explain the effect of BSM on happiness and unified consciousness. Altogether, the results support the hypothesis that BSM alters both the narrative and the minimal self and favors a transition toward a state of unified consciousness.

What do humans mean when they say that time passes quickly or slowly? In this article, we try to respond to this question on the basis of our studies on the judgment of the passage of time and its links with the judgment of physical durations. The awareness of the passage of time when consciousness is altered by meditation is also discussed. A dissociation is then made among the "self-time perspective," the "self-duration" (internal duration), and the "world-duration" (external duration). A link is also established between the self-time perspective and the "narrative self," on one hand, and the self-duration and the "minimal self," on the other hand, that is confirmed in our qualitative analysis of testimonials of four meditators. The awareness of self-duration is thus related to the awareness of the embodied self. When the sense of self is altered and the consciousness of the body is lower, then the subjective experience of internal time changes. However, the mechanisms allowing the disappearance of the self with the feeling of being outside time during meditation remains to be elucidated.

International audience; Objectives. Mindfulness training is believed to encourage self-transcendent states, but little research has examined this hypothesis. This study examined the effects of mindfulness training on two phenomenological features of self-transcendence: (1) perceived body boundary dissolution and (2) allocentric spatial frame of reference. Methods. A sample of healthy, young adults (n= 45) were randomized to five sessions of mindfulness training or an activelistening control condition. Results. Results indicated that mindfulness training decreased perceived body boundaries (F4,172=6.010,p

International audience; On the basis of the self-centeredness and selflessness model, a new instrument assessing two distinct dimensions of happiness, fluctuating and authentic–durable, was developed. The current research aimed at examining the factor structure of the Italian version of the instrument, its psychometric properties and construct validity. To this end, two studies were carried out. Study 1 (N = 544) examined different measurement models, from unidimensional to multidimensional, from a fully symmetrical bifactor solution to a bifactor (S-1) solution. Findings indicated better and adequate fit indices for the last model. Using various samples (n = 1274) Study 2 confirmed the bifactor (S-1) structure and analysed psychometric properties, convergent and divergent validity and temporal stability of the instrument. Findings generally gave evidence of the multidimensional conceptualization of the construct, good levels of reliability values and adequate convergent validity of both scales. Discriminant validity showed mixed results from no association of age with authentic–durable happiness to weak and negative association with fluctuating happiness. Test–retest reliability displayed an adequate value of correlation coefficient for the two set scores of the authentic dimension and a value below the recommended cut-off criteria for the fluctuating dimension, where significant differences in the mean scores emerged. Future studies should aim to replicate the results of this research and attempt to overcome its limitations.

Introduction Nous avons cherche a realiser une revue systematisee de la litterature et une meta-analyse sur le risque de suicide chez les professionnels de sante. Methode Les recherches ont ete effectuees dans les bases de donnees PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct et Embase jusqu’en avril 2019 avec les mots-cles suivants: suicide* AND (« health-care worker* » OR physician* OR nurse*). Quand il etait possible, nous avons stratifie les Resultats par sexe, zones geographiques, periodes et specialites. Resultats Un total de 61 articles ont ete inclus. Le SMR global des suicides etait 1,44 (95CI 1,16, 1,72) avec une heterogeneite importante (I2 = 94 %, p Conclusion Les medecins sont a risque de suicide, specialement les femmes. Le taux de suicide diminue avec le temps, specifiquement en Europe. La prevalence elevee des medecins ayant fait une tentative de suicide ou de ceux ayant eu des idees suicidaires devraient servir a mettre en place des strategies preventives. Enfin l’absence de donnee sur les autres professionnels de sante, suggere un besoin d’investigations.

Background and objectives We tested the effect of a new Attentional Bias Modification (ABM) task - the Detection Engagement and Savoring Positivity (DESP) task - on attentional biases. The DESP is innovative in that it involves a procedure of savoring the positivity of various pictures. Methods Participants were randomly assigned to the DESP or to a placebo control condition (experiment 1; n = 38) or a condition controlling for savoring (experiment 2; n = 54) in a pre-post/training experimental design. During one week, the participants completed the DESP or the control task once a day between three and six times. We assessed the effects of the DESP task on various attentional biases (i.e. positive, negative and threat) by computing dwell time from an eye-tracking technology before and after the training, and also one week after the post-training session in experiment 2. Results In both experiments, the attentional bias toward positive stimuli between the pre- and the post-training increased significantly more in the DESP task condition than in the control conditions. Negative and threat attentional biases were not significantly affected by the experimental manipulations. Experiment 2 revealed that the DESP task – including the savoring instruction – increased significantly more the positive attentional bias than a task excluding this step and that this effect remained significant one week after the post-training session. Limitations Our samples were mainly composed of women participants. This prevents generalization of the findings. Conclusions The DESP task offers promising perspectives for sustainably improving attention to positive information.

A lockdown of people has been used as an efficient public health measure to fight against the exponential spread of the coronavirus disease (Covid-19) and allows the health system to manage the number of patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of both perceived stress aroused by Covid-19 and of emotions triggered by the lockdown situation on the individual experience of time. A large sample of the French population responded to a survey on their time experience during the lockdown compared to before the lockdown. The perceived stress resulting from Covid-19 and stress at work and home were also assessed, as were the emotions felt. The results showed that people have experienced a slowing down of time during the lockdown. This time experience was not explained by the levels of perceived stress or anxiety, although these were considerable, but rather by the increase in boredom and sadness felt in the lockdown situation. The increased anger and fear of death only explained a small part of variance in the time judgment. The conscious experience of time therefore reflected the psychological difficulties experienced during lockdown and was not related to their perceived level of stress or anxiety.

Background Many studies have revealed the positive impact of mindfulness training on mental health and proposed equanimity as a general outcome in contemplative research. Despite recent interest, relatively few studies have empirically examined equanimity and measurement instruments are still lacking. The main goal of this study was to develop an Equanimity Scale (the EQUA-S) in a Western population with or without meditation experience, based on previous definitions of equanimity, in order to investigate its relations with the relevant psychological constructs and health outcomes. Methods Adults from the general population (N = 265; Mage = 34.81) completed various measures: the EQUA-S, mindfulness, hyper-sensitivity, avoidance and fusion, impulsivity, personality, alexithymia, sensitivity to punishment and reward and frequency of problematic addictive behaviors. The dimensionality of the EQUA-S was examined using Factor Analyses. The convergent validity of this new scale was investigated using Pearson’s Correlations. Results The results of a factor analysis revealed two dimensions of equanimity: an even-minded state of mind (E-MSM) and a hedonic independence (HI) component. While the E-MSM was positively related to emotional stability, adaptive emotional regulation and several mindfulness-related abilities, HI was found to correlate negatively with addictive issues. Discussion The relations with personality constructs and possible related cognitive processes are discussed.

Using an out-of-body paradigm, the present study provided further empirical evidence for the theory of embodied time by suggesting that the body-self plays a key role in time judgments. Looking through virtual reality glasses, the participants saw the arm of a mannequin instead of their own arm. They had to judge the duration of the interval between two (perceived) touches applied to the mannequin’s body after a series of strokes had been viewed being made to the mannequin and tactile strokes had been administered to the participants themselves. These strokes were administered either synchronously or asynchronously. During the interval, a pleasant (touch with a soft paintbrush) or an unpleasant stimulation (touch with a pointed knife) was applied to the mannequin. The results showed that the participants felt the perceived tactile stimulations in their own bodies more strongly after the synchronous than the asynchronous stroking condition, a finding which is consistent with the out-of-body illusion. In addition, the interval duration was judged longer in the synchronous than in the asynchronous condition. This time distortion increased the greater the individual out-of-body experience was. Our results therefore highlight the importance of the awareness of the body-self in the processing of time, i.e., the significance of embodied time.

Background: Medical-related professions are at high suicide risk. However, data are contradictory and comparisons were not made between gender, occupation and specialties, epochs of times. Methods: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on suicide risk among health-care workers, were searched in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct and Embase databases without language restriction on April 2019. We stratified results by gender, countries, time, and specialties. Estimates were pooled using random-effect meta-analysis. Differences by study-level characteristics were estimated using stratified meta-analysis and meta-regression. Information on suicides, suicidal attempts, and suicidal ideation, and related-characteristics were retrieved from national or local specific registers or case records. In addition, suicide attempts and suicidal ideation were also retrieved from questionnaires (paper or internet). Findings: The overall SMR for suicide in physicians was 1.44 (95CI 1.16, 1.72) with an important heterogeneity (I2=93.9%, p

This manuscript presents two studies on the effect of mindfulness meditation on duration judgment and its relationship to the subjective experience of time when the interval durations are on the second or the minute time scale. After the first 15 minutes of a 30-min meditation or control exercise, meditation-trained participants judged interval durations of 15 to 50 s or 2 to 6 min, during which they performed either a mindfulness meditation exercise or a control exercise. The participants’ scores on the self-reported scales indicated the effectiveness of the meditation exercise, as it increased the level of present-moment awareness and happiness and decreased that of anxiety. The results showed an underestimation of time for the short interval durations and an overestimation of time for the long intervals, although the participants always reported that time passed faster with meditation than with the control exercise. Further statistical analyses revealed that the focus on the present-moment significantly mediated the exercise effect on the time estimates for long durations. The inversion in time estimates between the two time scales is explained in terms of the different mechanisms underlying the judgment of short and long durations, i.e., the cognitive mechanisms of attention and memory, respectively.

Background Recent studies have shown that people with high alexithymia scores have decreased interoceptive abilities, which can be associated with psychological and physical disorders. Early assessments of the alexithymia trait included the evaluation of these abilities through the dimension measuring the difficulty in identifying and distinguishing between feelings and bodily sensations (the 26-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale; TAS-26). The revised version of the TAS, the TAS-20, contains a three-factor solution that does not involve a dimension assessing interoceptive abilities. However, the three items allowing the evaluation of these abilities are still present in the TAS-20. In this context, we hypothesized that the 3 items which assess interoceptive abilities in the TAS-20 should constitute an independent factor. In addition to exploring the internal structure of the TAS-20, we examined its external validity by assessing the relationships between the new factors and self-reported measures of personality trait and psychological and physical health. Method Two online studies (N = 253 and N = 287) were performed. The participants completed the TAS-20 and a set of psychological questionnaires (e.g., anxiety, depression) and health questions (e.g., “Do you suffer from a somatic disorder?”). The structure of the TAS-20 was examined using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), followed by an investigation of the relationships between the resulting new factors and other psychological and health data using regressions. In both studies, EFA revealed a new structure of the questionnaire consisting of four dimensions: (1) difficulty in the awareness of feelings, (2) externally oriented thinking, (3) difficulty in interoceptive abilities, and (4) poor affective sharing. The first factor was positively associated with all self-reported psychological and personality trait measures while the third factor was associated more with somatic disorders and medication intake. Results Our results suggest the presence of a new latent factor in the assessment of alexithymia that reflects interoceptive abilities specifically related to health and personality trait outcomes. In accordance with the results and the literature, it seems important to include an assessment of interoceptive abilities when considering the evaluation of alexithymia. The next step would be to develop a valid measure of these abilities.

Resume L’approche transdiagnostique des troubles psychologiques met en avant un ensemble de manifestations psychologiques qui seraient responsables du maintien et de l’aggravation de certains troubles. L’evitement d’evenements internes tels que les pensees, les emotions et les sensations ainsi que la fusion cognitive (prendre ses pensees comme des faits reels) font partie de ces symptomes. Ces derniers engendreraient une inflexibilite psychologique chez l’individu. L’Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire permet de depister cette inflexibilite psychologique. Ce questionnaire, destine a l’origine a une population d’enfants et d’adolescents, a ete adapte et valide chez une population adulte mais pas en langue francaise. Nous l’avons donc traduit et explore ses qualites psychometriques sur un echantillon de 156 adultes (M = 42,86 ans, ET = 17,97) a l’aide du logiciel de traitements statistiques SPSS. L’analyse de fiabilite de la version francaise demontre une bonne consistance interne (α = 0,84). Ensuite, l’Analyse en Composantes Principales (ACP) met en avant que la validite de construit est congruente avec les validations anterieures : l’echelle presente un construit unique. Enfin, l’analyse des correlations avec des construits supposement relies, tels que la pleine conscience, l’acceptation, l’alexithymie et la depression atteste d’une validite de convergence adequate. L’AFQ semble etre un outil complementaire pertinent pour la recherche comme pour la pratique clinique et integrable dans une prise en charge de type Therapie d’Acceptation et d’Engagement.

This study examined the prospective judgment of interval durations during a mindfulness meditation exercise in comparison with two control exercises involving different degrees of attentional demands and participants who either had or had not been trained to practice mindfulness exercises. The results showed that the interval durations (going from 15 to 60 s) were systematically judged shorter with the different mindfulness exercises (breathing, body scan) than with the control exercises. This underestimation of time was accompanied by the awareness that time seems to pass faster and by a decrease in the level of anxiety. However, the subjective feeling of the passage of time and the anxiety level did not explain time perception during a mindfulness meditation exercise. Further results suggest the critical role of attention in the effects of meditation on time judgments, a finding that is consistent with the idea that time flies during meditation as if time no longer existed.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between perceived ethnic discrimination and (physical and mental) health indicators among North African women and men living in France. Methods This study included 82 North Africans, aged 18–64 years. Perceived discrimination was measured at both group level (PGD) and personal level (PPD). The physical health indicator was blood pressure. The mental health indicator was self-reported psychological distress. Results Multiple regression analyses showed that higher levels of PGD predicted higher blood pressure. PPD was not related to blood pressure. PPD was positively related to psychological distress among women, but not among men. Conclusion PPD and PGD are associated with physical and mental health indicators in different ways among North African women and men in France.

Resume Cet article propose une synthese de la litterature sur l’Experience de mort imminente (EMI). Plusieurs caracteristiques recurrentes de l’EMI, ainsi que leur frequence, sont presentees. La question des variations culturelles de l’EMI faisant l’objet d’un debat, nous avons choisi d’exposer les donnees qui supportent l’hypothese d’invariance culturelle, mais egalement celles qui revelent un impact de la culture. A la lumiere des recherches recentes en neurophysiologie et en psychologie, plusieurs mecanismes potentiellement impliques dans l’EMI sont decrits et discutes au regard des deux principaux courants theoriques qui dominent actuellement cette thematique (c’est-a-dire approche de l’in-brain et perspective de l’out-of-brain). Dans une perspective plus appliquee, il apparait que l’EMI genere a la fois des changements positifs, mais egalement des perturbations majeures qui soulevent la question de la prise en charge des patients ayant vecu une EMI.

International audience; In the light of the French integration model, the present research was designed to examine the influence of host culture adoption and original culture conservation in the private sphere and the public sphere on the host population's judgments of migrants. Using the scenario method, in a pilot and a main studies (n = 156) migrants’ targets were portrayed as adopting the host culture or conserving the original one, depending on the private (at home) or public (at work) setting. Our results suggest that the host population's perceptions are influenced by the behaviors adopted by migrants in both the private and public spheres, and by the type of judgment being made, as the effects we found differed according to the dependent variable being examined (affective, normative, and perception of integration into French society). Finally, the main study reveals that threat significantly moderates host populations’ perceptions. Three main contributions and one implication are discussed and perspectives for future researches are proposed.

Drawing on the Self-centeredness/Selflessness Happiness Model (SSHM), we hypothesized that a reduction in the salience of perceived body boundaries would lead to increase optimal emotional experience. These constructs were assessed by means of self-report measures. Participants ( n = 53) were randomly assigned to either the selflessness (induced by a body scan meditation) condition or the control condition. As expected, the reduction in perceived body salience was greater in the body scan meditation condition than in the control condition. The change in perceived body salience was accompanied by a change in happiness and anxiety. Participants in the body-scan meditation condition reported greater happiness and less anxiety than participants in the control condition. Happiness increased when the salience of body boundaries decreased. Mediation analyses reveal that the change in happiness was mediated by the change in perceived body boundaries, which suggests that selflessness elicits happiness via dissolution of perceived body boundaries.

International audience; The main goal of this study was to examine the relationships between two types of separation orientations, namely forced and consensual separation, and the use of French social service community centers. Participants were two groups of young women, both members of ethnic minorities: Turkish (n = 42) and North African (n = 41). The results showed that young Turkish women were more oriented towards consensual separation than young North African women. Preference for a separation strategy was positively associated with both the perception of a threat to heritage culture and difficulties in understanding the language of the social workers. The more participants perceived social workers as a source of threat to their heritage culture and as speaking a language they had difficulty understanding, the less frequently they made use of the services offered at the community centers. Socio-demographic variables such as education level and marital status were found to play a significant role in these findings.

We review research related to the role of social comparison in intergroup relations focusing on the effect of collective relative deprivation (when we are worse off than them) and relative gratification (when we are better off than them). As predicted by the V-curve model, there is increasing evidence to suggest that being worse-off than others (RD) and being better-off (RG) trigger similar consequences: an increase in intergroup prejudice and hostility. Group identification and pride as well as fear about future wealth are among the factors that are presently considered to account for these findings. A social-psychological analysis of group inequality that considers both deprivation and privilege can bring a renewed understanding of numerous social problems.

According to social dominance theory, intergroup dynamics are strongly influenced by the social positions which individuals hold in society. Several studies suggest that holding a position of power can, sometimes automatically, generate negative attitudes and hostile behaviors toward subordinate social groups. However, at present, the studies carried out on these effects of power have not taken into account the influence of the normative context. Based on the distinction made by Sidanius and Pratto between “hierarchy-enhancing” (HE) vs. “hierarchy-attenuating” (HA) environments, this study examines if the effects of power on legitimizing cognitions vary as a function of the normative environment. A laboratory study and a study conducted in a natural environment confirm our hypothesis that individuals holding a powerful or dominant social role in a HE setting differ significantly from individuals holding an equally powerful role in a HA setting. The effects of power observed in past research probably resulted from studying power in hierarchy-enhancing environments, but not in hierarchy-attenuating ones.

Le principal objectif de cette recherche etait de tester l’une des hypotheses centrales du modele du bonheur base sur le soi centre-decentre (Dambrun et Ricard, 2011). D’apres ce modele, le bonheur authentique-durable serait favorise par un fonctionnement de soi decentre (e.g. ajustement harmonieux, forte connexion soi-autrui). Deux types d’affects seraient responsables de cet effet : la decentration de soi augmenterait les affects de bienveillance (empathie, compassion) et diminuerait les affects afflictifs (colere, peur, jalousie, frustration). La conjugaison de ces deux effets entrainerait une augmentation du bonheur durable. Nous avons teste cette hypothese au moyen d’analyses de trajet sur un echantillon heterogene de citoyens d’une ville provinciale francaise de taille moyenne (n = 164). L’inventaire de transcendance de soi pour adulte (ITSA) etait utilise comme un marqueur du niveau de decentration des participants. Les resultats revelent tout d’abord que la transcendance de soi est reliee positivement et significativement au bonheur authentique-durable (r = .35). Conformement au modele theorique, il apparait que cette relation est mediatisee par deux variables distinctes : les affects de bienveillance et les affects afflictifs.

The aim of this study was to determine the respective impact of group socialization and social projection to explain prejudice among newly recruited police officers (N = 301). The first approach predicts that both right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and social dominance orientation (SDO), two fundamental determinants of prejudice, should be driven by specific norms. The second approach predicts that the perceived norms of the reference group reflect the social projection of our own attitudes and norms. These two models were tested with structural equation modeling. Emphasizing the determinant role of social norms and social influence, the results provide stronger support for the group socialization model (GSM) than the social projection model (SPM).

Resume L’objectif de cette recherche etait d’examiner les principales variables sociopsychologiques reliees a la discrimination ethnique a l’emploi envers les jeunes francais issus de l’immigration turque et maghrebine (JITM). Dans cette perspective, 62 employeurs ont repondu a un questionnaire anonyme en France (region Auvergne). Les resultats revelent tout d’abord que le niveau de prejuges des employeurs est fortement relie a leur intention comportementale lors des decisions d’embauche, et plus particulierement deux types de prejuges : la perception d’une surpopulation des JITM, et la perception de l’incompatibilite du recrutement des JITM avec l’image de marque de l’entreprise. Concernant la qualite du contact intergroupe, elle est significativement reliee aux prejuges, mais pas a l’intention de discrimination. L’examen des orientations d’acculturation des employeurs revele qu’ils preferent la segregation a l’assimilation. Enfin, plus ils optent pour les strategies d’acculturation « ethnocentriques », plus ils ont des prejuges et plus ils ont des intentions discriminatoires.

The theoretical model presented in this paper emerged from several different disciplines. This model proposes that the attainment of happiness is linked to the self, and more particularly to the structure of the self. We support the idea that the perception of a structured self, which takes the form of a permanent, independent and solid entity leads to self-centered psychological functioning, and this seems to be a significant source of both affliction and fluctuating happiness. Contrary to this, a selfless psychological functioning emerges when perception of the self is flexible (i.e., a dynamic network of transitory relations), and this seems to be a source of authentic-durable happiness. In this paper, these two aspects of psychological functioning and their underlying processes will be presented. We will also explore the potential mechanisms that shape them. We will conclude with an examination of possible applications of our theory.

Why is women's mental health inferior to that of men? This study hypothesized that women's mental health is not as good as men's because women perceive more personal discrimination. It was confirmed that women obtained higher scores than did men on a subjective scale of psychological distress. Additionally, women perceived greater personal and group discrimination than did men. Perceived personal discrimination proved to be the more robust predictor of psychological distress. This was evident when results of a mediation analysis revealed that gender differences in subjective distress were mediated by the measure of perceived personal discrimination, but not by the measure of group discrimination.

International audience; Two experiments examined the effect of mindfulness meditation and relaxation on time perception using a temporal bisection task. In Experiment 1, the participants performed a temporal task before and after exercises of mindfulness meditation or relaxation. In Experiment 2, the procedure was similar than that used in Experiment 1, except that the participants were trained to mediate or relax every day over a period of several weeks. The results showed that mindfulness meditation exercises increased sensitivity to time and lengthened perceived time. However, this temporal improvement with meditation exercises was primarily observed in the experienced meditators. Our results also showed the experienced meditators were less anxious than the novice participants, and that the sensitivity to time increased when the level of anxiety decreased. Our results were explained by the practice of mindfulness technique that had developed individuals' abilities in devoting more attention resources to temporal information processing.

It has long been established that there is a linear and positive relationship between relative deprivation and prejudice. However, a recent experiment suggests that the converse of relative deprivation, relative gratification, may also be associated with prejudice (S. Guimond & M. Dambrun, 2002). Specifically, the evidence suggests that the usual test for a linear relationship between relative deprivation–gratification and prejudice might conceal the existence of a bilinear relationship. This function, labeled the V-curve hypothesis, predicts that both relative deprivation and relative gratification are associated with higher levels of prejudice. This hypothesis was tested with a representative sample of South Africans (N 1,600). Results provide strong support for the V-curve hypothesis. Furthermore, strength of ethnic identification emerged as a partial mediator for the effect of relative gratification on prejudice.