Search

This article explores HIV awareness and prevention in a Latinx seasonal farmworker community of south Miami-Dade County in the USA. The study took place as part of a larger community assessment that aimed to determine community needs and resources related to substance abuse, violence and HIV in the Latinx seasonal farmworker communities of south Miami-Dade County, with a particular focus on fathers' and their male sons' relationships. The study collected data on HIV knowledge and prevention, healthcare-seeking behaviours, cultural norms, and communication barriers about HIV prevention between fathers and sons. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with community leaders, two focus groups with social and health services providers, and four focus groups involving fathers and their adolescent sons. A deductive approach to data analysis was undertaken. Five major themes were identified: (1) HIVrelated knowledge and perception; (2) HIV prevention strategies; (3) barriers and needs for tailored preventive health and care services in the community; (4) stress over sex-related communication; and (5) the dominance of traditional masculine gender norms in the household and the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wynwood, Miami, is a world-renowned global art canvas of street art and cultural production site. The rise of Miami as a global arts city and its hosting of Arts Basel enhanced the place marketing of Wynwood. Wynwood's recent trajectory is driven by the confluence of art, real estate, and urban planning. Its redevelopment over time has been dramatic, transitioning from a low‐income immigrant neighborhood and warehouse district into innovative artistic milieu. In the 2020s the neighborhood is being highly commodified, resulting in the loss of artistic capital replaced by trendy retail, condo, and hotel projects. Our analysis is primarily based on interviews with gallery owners in 2016 and 2022, as well as planning documents and business census data. Wynwood as an art venue has peaked, and artists and galleries are exiting. Nonetheless, Wynwood continues to be marketed as an arts neighborhood by property developers and retail and entertainment businesses [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the appetite for historic preservation in Miami within broader colonialist and moralising discourses of ‘civilising’ the wilderness and of aesthetic ‘merit’ that go back to the foundation of the city. It argues that a growing sense of anxiety, stoked by increasing waves of migration into Miami, is at the heart of this emphasis upon historic preservation, but is also at work in the delineation of what types of structure merit preservation in local law and policy. It analyses the effects of these policies upon peoples of colour, and argues that the effects of Jim Crow segregation law can still be seen in Miami’s cityscape through the present-day delineation of which structures ‘count’ as historic, and therefore worth preserving for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions: Automatic preferences and implicit biases toward Spanish and English in the context of Miami are tested. We investigate whether implicit language bias is conditioned by social factors (i.e., ethnicity, gender, first language) as well as different linguistic stimuli (orthographic vs oral/aural). Design/methodology/approach: Three Implicit Association Test (IAT) experiments were designed and implemented. IAT 1 uses semantically neutral furniture terms in English and Spanish with visual attribute words. IAT 2 uses an oral/aural condition employing US Latinx city names produced with both Spanish and English phonology. In IAT 3, we use nonce words to represent the categories of English and Spanish as well as positive/negative visual imagery for the attributes. Data and analysis: d -scores were automatically calculated considering response latency and accuracy. Data were subjected to linear regression for between- and within-experiment analyses as well as a post hoc regression considering participants born outside of the United States. Findings/conclusions: The within-experiment analysis for IAT 1 showed an effect of country of birth. The between-experiment analysis showed country of birth and the experiments themselves to be significant. Length of residency for the non-US born group was also a significant factor. Across the three experiments, none of the 89 participants demonstrated a strong automatic preference for Spanish. Originality: This study is conducted in the largest situation of bilingualism in the Americas and is the first study to examine nonconscious bias toward bilingual participants' own language varieties in the United States. Significance/implications: Despite the popular construction of Miami as "Spanish-speaking," results of this study demonstrate strong nonconscious automated preferences for English among participants in Miami and raise questions about language, power, and the vitality of Spanish in South Florida. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, various methods have been developed for mineral exploration. Geophysical methods are one example, which have seen significant development in recent years and have become a common approach in the field of mining exploration, particularly in Iran. The objective of this study is to investigate the exploration area of Chahshen in terms of the potential for copper mineralization using geophysical methods and to identify promising areas for drilling. During field visits, it was observed that the main mineralization on the surface is of the oxide type, specifically malachite and azurite. Therefore, to explore the potential expansion of sulphide mineralization at greater depths, induced polarization and resistivity methods were employed. For this purpose, a rectangular array with a data collection distance of 20 meters and a line distance of 40 meters was used to determine the general trends in the region. Subsequently, six profiles were designed and measured using dipole-dipole and pole-dipole arrangements at 20-meter intervals. Through modeling of the studied sections, two-dimensional models depicting chargeability and resistivity were generated. The two-dimensional models indicated that the eastern regions exhibited more anomalies. However, due to the relatively weak nature of these anomalies, the possibility of developing a sulphide zone at shallow depths was detected. To validate the obtained results, drilling points were proposed. Profile 1 suggested a drilling point at station -10 with a depth of 45 meters, while profile 2 proposed a drilling point at station -10 with the same depth. Introduction Iran possesses significant mineralization potential, although only a limited number of cases have been discovered and exploited thus far. Given the rising demand and the scarcity of exploratory information available, it becomes imperative to expand and enhance exploratory studies. This article focuses on a specific area located in the eastern part of Semnan province, covering approximately 30 square kilometers, known as Chahshen. The objective of this research is to assess the potential for copper mineralization in the region through the application of geophysical methods. Methodology and Approaches To conduct exploratory studies in the Chahshen area, geophysical methods, specifically Induced Polarization and Resistivity methods, were employed. The equipment utilized included a TX III transmitter model manufactured by GDD company, a GRx8-32 receiver model, a processing device, and a 5000-watt power generator provided by Honda company. Initially, a rectangular array was utilized to gain a general overview of the area. The data collection points were spaced at 20-meter intervals, while the lines for data collection were set at 40-meter distances. The electric current line covered a distance of 600 meters. In the first stage of data collection, a total of 350 data points were gathered. These data points were then interpolated and mapped using Surfer software. Following the determination of rock chargeability and resistivity variations in the region, as well as field observations, four profiles were designed. These profiles extended north-south and were 500 meters in length. The pole-dipole array was employed to collect data points along the profiles, with a data collection interval of 20 meters. In the second stage of data collection, an additional 150 data points were gathered. These data were used in Res2DINV software to model chargeability and resistivity sections in a reverse manner. Based on the obtained results from profiles 1, 5, and 2, along with the presence of mineral outcrops, two control profiles measuring 440 and 500 meters in length were designed. Data collection using a dipole-dipole array was conducted along these control profiles, and chargeability and resistivity sections were generated using the same approach. Finally, for a comprehensive comparison of the obtained sections, all the gathered information was visualized in a 3D block using Voxler software. Results Through interpolation of the data obtained from the rectangular array, it was observed that the eastern part of the study area exhibited the highest recorded chargeability, reaching approximately 18 mV/V. In terms of resistivity, the maximum value measured within the rectangular arrangement was approximately 180 Ohm meters. Moreover, upon processing the data collected from the profiles, it was determined that profile 1 displayed the highest chargeability, reaching around 23 mV/V, while profile 2 exhibited the lowest chargeability, measuring approximately 4 mV/V. As for resistivity, profiles 1, 6, 5, 3, 2, and 4 recorded the highest values in consecutive order. Discussion In disseminated-type mineralization, regions and zones with high chargeability and high resistivity can indicate mineralization in those areas. In the study area, these mentioned zones have also been examined in the studied sections. Considering the conditions of the region, if mineralization exists, it is likely to be of the disseminated type. Therefore, geophysical methods were employed to identify the resistant and chargeable zones in the study area. The analysis of induced polarization and resistivity measurements in a rectangular arrangement revealed that the eastern part of the region has a higher potential for mineralization compared to other studied areas. Additionally, the results obtained from inverse modeling of the acquired profiles confirmed the higher potential in the eastern part, as the eastern profiles recorded higher chargeability and resistivity values. Although the measured resistivity values in this area have been very low, significant variations are observed in these zones. Considering the variations in resistivity zones, it appears that the fault zones predominantly exhibit a northeast-southwest trend, while the amphibolite zones show an east-west trend. Additionally, it seems that the sections with higher resistivity also have higher chargeability values. Based on geological investigations, it has been determined that there is a volcanic unit (andesite) in the mentioned area. Considering the low chargeability values, it should be considered that mineralization may exist within the body of the andesite rock, resulting in weak chargeability readings. However, on the other hand, the anomalies recorded in the chargeability sections, based on the range of variations in chargeability presented by Telford et al. (1990) for copper deposits, are weak. Therefore, the likelihood of the development of a sulfide zone at depth is low or weak if it exists. So, two drilling points were suggested for the validation of the results obtained from the geophysical operations.

Access to safe and affordable financial services is essential to the economic well‐being of individual households and entire urban neighborhoods. However, prior research raises concerns about spatial inequities in the distribution of brick‐and‐mortar financial services offerings—either mainstream financial institutions or alternative 'fringe' financial service providers—and the resulting implications for financial inclusion and social justice. This study uses a novel method to identify fringe financial ecologies that captures the recent tandem processes of abandonment by mainstream financial institutions and the proliferation of alternative financial service providers. We explore how fringe financial ecologies potentially overlap existing inequalities of race, class and subprime mortgage lending in two US metropolitan areas, Los Angeles, California, and Miami, Florida. Our results raise concerns that communities of color, low‐income neighborhoods and otherwise vulnerable segments of the population are disproportionately at risk of both financial exclusion and predatory targeting. We find that fringe financial ecologies are associated with a high prevalence of subprime mortgage lending. The results advance an understanding of financial ecologies that raises awareness about place‐based financial exclusion as a form of systemic racism in the broader context of the national reckoning with racial justice in the US. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adib Cure and Carrie Penabad (2023. "Cross Cultural Urbanism: The Case of Miami." Ethnic and Racial Studies. Advance online publication. doi:10.1080/01419870.2023.2176718.) paint a vivid picture of Miami, pointing to its multicultural influence, suburban landscape and sense of community using an architectural perspective. The authors lay out the history of the city from white domination to Cuban domination, and from its modest origins to a banking centre for Latin American investors. The Cuban settlers have shaped the urban landscape via their architectural designs, the food culture and participation in the labour market, including the vital sectors of construction, agriculture and tourism. This comment raises some further areas of potential research on urban Miami and the influence of migrants on its culture and economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper provides an overview of the waves of immigrants that have shaped Miami since its founding, while focusing on the decisive effect that the Cuban exile community had in transforming Miami into an emerging global city. Through detailed and illustrative case studies, the paper highlights the stories and constructed physical environments of three Cuban exile families. The chosen examples are notable for their capacity to have withstood the test of time, creating a sense of community through the adaptation and transformation of architectural spaces in support of social customs and rituals characteristic of a displaced homeland. In the end, they are emblematic of a cross-cultural urbanism that overlays Cuban social customs atop existing American urban environments to create new spaces of meaning, memory and community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, various methods have been developed for mineral exploration. Geophysical methods are one example, which have seen significant development in recent years and have become a common approach in the field of mining exploration, particularly in Iran. The objective of this study is to investigate the exploration area of Chahshen in terms of the potential for copper mineralization using geophysical methods and to identify promising areas for drilling. During field visits, it was observed that the main mineralization on the surface is of the oxide type, specifically malachite and azurite. Therefore, to explore the potential expansion of sulphide mineralization at greater depths, induced polarization and resistivity methods were employed. For this purpose, a rectangular array with a data collection distance of 20 meters and a line distance of 40 meters was used to determine the general trends in the region. Subsequently, six profiles were designed and measured using dipole-dipole and pole-dipole arrangements at 20-meter intervals. Through modeling of the studied sections, two-dimensional models depicting chargeability and resistivity were generated. The twodimensional models indicated that the eastern regions exhibited more anomalies. However, due to the relatively weak nature of these anomalies, the possibility of developing a sulphide zone at shallow depths was detected. To validate the obtained results, drilling points were proposed. Profile 1 suggested a drilling point at station -10 with a depth of 45 meters, while profile 2 proposed a drilling point at station - 10 with the same depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic altered the local economic geographies of many U.S. cities, and it remains unclear how long these changes will persist. This study analyzed the sociospatial dynamics of business closures in Miami-Dade County, Florida, from August 2020 to August 2021 with an explicit focus on reconciling the pandemic's effects in the context of location theory. We found that traditional urban centers and transit-concentrated areas experienced disproportionately higher rates of business closures during the study period, suggesting a potential wave of commercial suburbanization in Miami. Middle-class and working-class Hispanic neighborhoods suffered the most business closures. The results of correlation analysis and spatial regression models suggested a positive association between the incidence of COVID-19 cases and business closures at both zip code and individual business levels. These results also beckon a revaluation of the role of certain urban externalities in traditional location theory. The importance of automobile accessibility and agglomeration effects are poised to persist beyond the pandemic, but the benefits of proximity to the public transport system might decline. The trends observed in Miami suggest that the pandemic could generate more automobile-reliant employment subcenters in U.S. cities and amplify problems of intraurban inequality and urban sprawl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study considers the role of Spanish-to-English calques in a variety of English that has developed alongside Spanish in Miami (U.S.). Data were obtained from three sources: (1) a production experiment (translation task) conducted with two generations of Cuban Americans, (2) a perception experiment (acceptability task) conducted with Miami-based raters and raters from a national audience using Mechanical Turk, and (3) calques and related lexico-semantic phenomena culled from a corpus of sociolinguistic interviews conducted with Latinx college students. Results of the production task show that Spanish-dominant participants make robust use of calque expressions; second-generation participants use them less. Results of mixed linear effects regression analysis show that Miamians perceive of local expressions more favorably than national participants, though like national raters rank non-calque expressions more highly than calques. The approval of the Miami raters to the local expressions was driven primarily by six test items: (e.g. get down from the car). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The restoration of urban estuaries is challenging due to the complexity of prioritizing sites in a context of social and biophysical unevenness. Site prioritization and selection are crucial components of ecological success and equity in restoration. In many cases, site prioritization is conducted according to simple opportunity or political expediency, but this needs to be investigated further in local contexts, with accompanying analysis of the impacts on urban environmental equity. Using a critical physical geography framework, I explore site selection processes in the restoration of Biscayne Bay through case studies of two urban streams. I use multiple data types to present an integrated perspective on urban restoration priority and the social context that produces restoration siting decisions. I find that the logics of restoration site selection in the Biscayne Bay watershed have produced ecologically questionable decisions and inequitable outcomes. Therefore, I argue that restoration decision making needs to include environmental justice criteria. Key Messages: Restoration decisions in the Biscayne Bay watershed are driven by opportunity and institutional fit.Restoration decision making without environmental justice criteria exacerbates environmental inequities.Critical physical geography provides a needed framework for analyzing urban restoration planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orchestrating façades and fenestration has become a much elevated art in contemporary California. Highly articulating the way a building faces onto the street is an expertise of Oakland‐based architect Thom Faulders. Blaine Brownell, architect, educator and researcher in emergent materials, examines Faulders Studio's recent oeuvre and its audacious and attractive material expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Response to Christo and Jeanne-Claude's Surrounded Islands (1983)

This is a work-in-progress report of Miami Studies, a curricular, research, and collections-focused initiative housed at the Wolfsonian Public Humanities Lab (WPHL) at Florida International University (FIU). Miami Studies represents a unique approach to Latina/o/x studies in the Greater Miami region and at one of the largest Hispanic-Serving Institutions (HSI) in the country. The rationale, framework, and historical context for a Miami Studies school of urbanism is described in detail. This is followed by an explanation of the WPHL’s digitally focused initiatives: the digitization of a now-defunct newspaper titled Miami Life and the Mellon Foundation-funded Community Data Curation post-custodial project. Also referenced is the Díaz Ayala Collection of Cuban and Latin American Popular Music, housed at FIU Libraries.

Florida’s Miami-Dade County is extremely vulnerable to rising seas, and its options for adaptation are limited. One of the biggest challenges facing residents of the region is to overcome psychological barriers to climate action. Humans have natural biases that favor the present over the future, strongly held opinions over new information, and certainty over uncertainty. These biases make it easy for people to learn from experience, but difficult for them to imagine and internalize future threats such as sea-level rise. Nevertheless, South Florida is moving forward with plans to address sea-level rise through new investments, climate change projections, and partnerships. These are hopeful signs that Miami and other communities are coming to rely on the best available science, rather than on past experience, to cope with sea-level rise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article brings a historical perspective to the study of inclusion and exclusion in American community music ensembles. Focusing specifically on community choirs and using Miami, Florida, as a case study, it traces the history of audition practices in the city's community choirs, beginning at Miami's founding in 1896 and ending at the present day. It shows that auditions have been a common, although not universal, practice among Miami's community choirs and it identifies a trend in recent decades away from holding auditions. By offering a detailed historical account of community choirs' various exclusive and inclusive practices, it prompts present-day community music scholars, facilitators and participants to reflect on the complex and multi-faceted nature of inclusion in community music. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the growing power of finance over cities and housing, the relationships between finance, climate risk management, and urban governance have yet to be examined from a climate gentrification perspective. Putting the practices of a wide array of property finance stakeholders in conversation with the foundational concept of the rent gap, we identify two real estate rent dynamics that are emerging against the prospect of climate-driven urban restructuring: risk rents, or new forms of value capture crafted against future risk, and rent at risk, or the anticipated loss of rent due to risk. We in turn illustrate how climate risk-rent dynamics constitute new or intensified processes of gentrification in Greater Miami, Florida. Through three vignettes, we show how configurations of real estate and finance climate risk management produce variegated yet interrelated opportunities for devaluation and revaluation, displacement, and downgrading. Such strategies push the gentrification frontier into new physical as well as institutional spaces. The Greater Miami story underscores the need for new forms of knowledge, coalition building, and integrated urban climate risk management practices that directly confront underlying financial drivers of housing and spatial injustice in risky real estate markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foreign professionals bring a lot of benefitsto the local communities, including diversity, unique skills, knowledge, and entrepreneurial activities. The purpose of this study was to examine the experiences of business and self-initiated expatriates iii Miami, Florida. The qualitative method was utilized to conduct interviews with 14 expatriates from ii countries. The findings provide insight into challenges and success factors influencing expatriates' adaptation to a new environment. The paper discusses recommendations to the local organizations and communities and includes directions for future research in the area of expatriation in Florida. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a work-in-progress report of Miami Studies, a curricular, research, and collections-focused initiative housed at the Wolfsonian Public Humanities Lab (WPHL) at Florida International University (FIU). Miami Studies represents a unique approach to Latina/o/x studies in the Greater Miami region and at one of the country's largest Hispanic-Serving Institutions (HSI). The rationale, framework, and historical context for a Miami Studies school of urbanism are described in detail. This is followed by an explanation of the WPHL's digitally focused initiatives: the digitization of a now-defunct newspaper titled Miami Life and the Mellon Foundation-funded Community Data Curation post-custodial project. Also referenced is the Díaz Ayala Collection of Cuban and Latin American Popular Music, housed at FIU Libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amid intense inter-network rivalry and the proliferation of cable, pay television and a nascent and competitive video industry, the major American Networks in the 1980s were faced with major challenges if they wished to continue attracting audiences and profits as they had during the 1970s. Miami Vice, which ran for five seasons on NBC between 1984 and 1989, was probably one of the most influential and innovative episodic series of the decade. Following Julia Kristeva’s assumption that urban space can be understood and analysed as a text, the present paper will therefore examine the role of the city of Miami as the show’s main character, before deciphering the possible readings of the diurnal and nocturnal cityscape in relation to the influence of noir and neo-noir films, which are traditionally associated with a city’s “mean streets”. Consequently, the present study will attempt to demonstrate how the show offers a vision of the post-modern city during the Reagan years, while pinpointing the crucial influence the series had on the networks’ future primetime episodic crime series as well as – more surprisingly – its impact on the city’s urban renovation.

Little is known about the effect of tidal changes on minor flooding in most lagoonal estuaries, often due to a paucity of historical records that predate landscape changes. In this contribution, we recover and apply archival tidal range data to show that the mean tidal range in Miami, Florida, has almost doubled since 1900, from 0.32 to 0.61 m today. A likely cause is the dredging of a ∼15 m deep, 150 m wide harbor entrance channel beginning in the early 20th century, which changed northern Biscayne Bay from a choked inlet system to one with a tidal range close to coastal conditions. To investigate the implications for high‐tide flooding, we develop and validate a tidal‐inference based methodology that leverages estimates of pre‐1900 tidal range to obtain historical tidal predictions and constituents. Next, water level predictions that represent historical and modern water level variations are projected forward in time using different sea level rise scenarios. Results show that the historical increase in tidal range hastened the occurrence of present‐day flooding, and that the total integrated number of days with high‐tide floods in the 2020–2100 period will be approximately O(103) more under present day tides compared to pre‐development conditions. These results suggest that tidal change may be a previously under‐appreciated factor in the increasing prevalence of high‐tide flooding in lagoonal estuaries, and our methods open the door to improving our understanding of other heavily‐altered systems. Plain Language Summary: Tabulations of historical tidal range indicate that tidal range in Miami (Florida) has approximately doubled since the 19th century, from 0.32 to 0.61 m. The likely cause appears to be the construction and dredging of the shipping channel to the Port of Miami, though historical land‐reclamation may also play a role. In this paper, we show that the increase in tidal range significantly exacerbates the number of minor flood events that are occurring throughout the Biscayne Bay region. As sea‐level rise continues, tidal changes will cause high‐tide flood impacts to be felt about a decade earlier than would have occurred under historical tidal conditions. Key Points: Tidal range in the Miami downtown area almost doubled over the past century due to human‐induced bathymetric change and wetland reclamationPre‐1900 tidal predictions are estimated from historical tidal range using a tidal‐constituent inference based methodIncreased tidal range increases the probability of high‐tide flooding and shortens the time to when sea‐level rise will cause chronic flooding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]