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Microbial phospholipase D (PLD) showed a more competent potential for phospholipids production due to its higher catalytic activity and broader substrate specificity. In this study, the PLD from Acinetobacter sp. DUT-2 (ADPLD) was used as the research object. Firstly, bioinformatics was used to examine the protein sequence characteristics. Then, the recombinant plasmid was generated and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. The enzyme protein was purified further, and the substrate selectivity of ADPLD to phosphatidylcholine (PC) with various acyl chains was investigated. Finally, the substrate recognition mechanism of ADPLD was investigated using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis of ADPLD and other microbial-derived PLDs revealed that the sequence similarity between ADPLD and Streptomyces-derived PLDs was less than 30%, and there was only one conserved HKD motif, indicating that the catalytic mechanism of ADPLD might differ from the reaction mechanism in traditional cognition, which required two HKD motifs to complete the PLD catalytic process. ADPLD was mostly produced as a soluble protein, and a relatively uniform protein could be purified using Ni2+ affinity chromatography at a low concentration of 50 mmol/L imidazole. When soybean PC was utilized as a substrate, the specific activity of ADPLD was about 4.09 U/mg. ADPLD showed relatively high activity in neutralizing short-chain PC (C6~C14), with a specific activity of 13.2 U/mg for 8:0/8:0-PC, which was higher than that of other PC substrates with long acyl chains. The activity of ADPLD on PC reduced dramatically when the acyl chain length of PC grew from C14 to C16. Molecular dynamics simulation and molecular docking experiments revealed that the ADPLD amino acid residues Thr205, Pro209, Phe293, Ala324, Lys329, and Phe453 might form hydrophobic interactions with PC. Arg383 and Gly326 could form hydrogen bonds with PC when the distance between Arg383 (N), Gly326 (N), and PC (P) was

Online child sexual exploitation and abuse (OCSEA) is a rising global problem affecting children and adolescents worldwide. Despite the escalating prevalence of OCSEA, there is limited research specifically focusing on children and adolescents with disabilities. To bridge this gap, this systematic review was conducted to identify the prevalence, nature and associated risk factors of OCSEA of children and adolescents with disabilities. Following the PRISMA Statement, this systematic review included scientific evidence from 12 academic databases and the gray literature published between 1993 and 2023. A total of 13 studies were extracted, and thematic analysis was conducted to analyze the data. The findings of this systematic review reveal the characteristics such as the gender, age and type of disabilities of OCSEA victims. Perpetrators use diverse techniques, including online grooming, manipulation, and cyber-threats, resulting in consequences such as mental health issues and social isolation of victims. The associated risk factors include lack of parental monitoring, social isolation, and low risk perception. The results of this research provide crucial insights into OCSEA of children and adolescents with disabilities, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions and further exploration in this understudied area.

To ensure the water quality of rivers, it is crucial to scientifically evaluate their water quality status. This study takes a river in Jiangsu, China, as an example to establish six targeted main indicators for river water quality evaluation and uses a projection pursuit model optimized by the genetic algorithm to determine weights. Applying the improved fuzzy evaluation model to the final evaluation of water quality, the results indicate that this article adopts a weight calculation model that reduces dimensionality without losing data features, and the comprehensive evaluation model is also more complete, resulting in more accurate evaluation results. According to model analysis, the summer water quality is good and peaks from June to July. This article proposes corresponding measures and suggestions in response to the reasons behind this seasonal change. The evaluation model used in this article is superior to other models in terms of accuracy and portability, making it an excellent choice for river water quality evaluation. It can provide valuable technical guidance for similar river water quality evaluations. HIGHLIGHTS In the evaluation of river water quality, the high-dimensional data dimensionality reduction operation optimized by the genetic algorithm projection pursuit (GA-PP) is not easy to lose the original features of the data and is quite suitable for calculating weights.; The improved fuzzy evaluation model is also superior to the traditional fuzzy comprehensive model and can more comprehensively evaluate water quality data.;

Background: Antipsychotic medications are associated with weight gain and metabolic derangement. However, comprehensive evidence for the efficacy of co-commenced pharmacological treatments to mitigate initial weight gain is limited. Metformin has been shown to be effective in reducing weight among people on antipsychotic medications who are already overweight, but the potential benefits of metformin co-commencement in mitigating antipsychotic-induced weight gain has not been systematically reviewed. Method: We conducted a systematic review of PubMed, EMBASE, PsychInfo, CINAHL, the Cochrane database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from inception to 18 November 2023. We undertook a meta-analysis of concomitant commencement of metformin versus placebo for attenuation of weight gain and metabolic syndrome for people with schizophrenia commencing a new antipsychotic. Results: Fourteen studies from Australia, United States, Venezuela, and China with 1126 participants were included. We found that metformin was superior to placebo in terms of attenuating weight gain (−3.12 kg, 95% CI −4.22 to −2.01 kg). Metformin also significantly attenuated derangement of fasting glucose levels, total cholesterol, and total triglyceride levels. Sensitivity analysis on study quality, duration, and antipsychotic agent did not impact the results. Meta-analysis was also conducted on adverse drug reactions (ADR) reported in each study which showed no significant difference in ADR incidence between metformin and placebo groups. Subgroup analysis on antipsychotic-naïve participants and participants switching to new antipsychotic did not impact the results. Conclusion: Metformin led to statistically significant and clinically meaningful attenuation of weight gain as well as attenuation of several other metabolic parameters when commenced concomitantly with antipsychotic medications. Co-commencement of metformin with antipsychotic medications, where tolerated, should be considered in the clinical setting with aim to improve long-term cardiometabolic outcomes for patients with long-term need of antipsychotic treatments.

Abstract Background The study focuses on PD‐L1 expression as an essential biomarker for gauging the response of EGFR/ALK wild‐type NSCLC patients to FDA‐approved immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). It aims to explore clinical, molecular, and immune microenvironment characteristics associated with PD‐L1 expression in EGFR/ALK wild‐type lung adenocarcinoma patients eligible for ICI therapy. Methods In this retrospective study, tumor samples from 359 Chinese EGFR/ALK wild‐type lung adenocarcinoma patients underwent comprehensive evaluations for PD‐L1 expression and NGS‐targeted sequencing. The investigation encompassed the analysis and comparison of clinical traits, gene mutations, pathways, and immune signatures between two groups categorized by PD‐L1 status: negative (TPS

Transient simulation is crucial for protecting complex pump-valve water conveyance pipeline systems from extreme pressure and water level oscillations. In order to numerically simulate the transient response in a complex pump-valve water conveyance system, a transient flow calculation model was established adopting the method of characteristics (MOC). Based on the proposed model, the transient pressure and the water level fluctuation process were numerically predicted under steady-state operation state, and then the results were compared to the actual measured data. Due to the good agreement between the simulation results and the actual measured data, the model established based on MOC is effective and practical. 41 operational scenario switching schemes were designed according to the uniform experimental design, to study the operation sequence and time differences of pumps and valves during operational scenario switching state. The results show that the operational time interval has a major impact on the transient process under the operational scenario switching state in complex pump-valve systems, and also indicate that delayed pump startup can alleviate the pressure extremum of pipeline systems and effectively control water level fluctuation of such systems. In addition, this study points out the optimal operational sequence and the maximum and minimum allowable time intervals between the pump and the valve under operational scenario switching state in such systems. Finally, an optimized joint operation scheme for pumps and valves with simple operation and small water-level oscillation were proposed under operational scenario switching state.

Customer experience, a key element in the domain of omnichannel retailing, plays a vital role in attracting consumers. Implementing a new BOPS (buy online, pick up in store) strategy will not only affect the inventory structure and pricing strategy of retail enterprises, but will also impact the original sales channel. In accordance with the consumer experience, a dynamic optimization model of a retailer inventory system was established in this research. Based on the optimal control theory, analyze the optimal control strategies under four sales modes: online, offline, BOPS, and BOPS-PLUS (BOPS and buy offline online-logistics distribution). Through numerical experiments, the inventory control strategies and optimal discounted profits under the four modes are compared and analyzed. The results show that the optimal experience investment and dynamic pricing levels gradually decrease with time, and the inventory state has a vital influence on the discounted profit of the system. The traditional dual-channel retail model is optimal when the channel inventory is not out of stock. In situations where channel inventory is in short supply (both online and offline), a deeply integrated omnichannel retail mode BOPS-PLUS is best. The numerical analysis also reveals that price sensitivity coefficient, experience service coefficient and online return rate also have significant influence on the selection of optimal channel strategy.

At present, tobacco leaf grading relies mainly on manual classification, which is highly intensive with respect to labor, materials, and cost; in addition, the performance of manual grading is poor. The realization of automatic grading is an urgent requirement in the tobacco industry. To address this need, we developed assembly line equipment and an RGB image classification method for tobacco grading. There is little difference in appearance between different grades of tobacco leaves, but there are some differences in high-level semantic features; therefore, tobacco grading is fundamentally a fine-grained visual categorization task. It is difficult to classify tobacco using hand-crafted image features. Therefore, in our method, we use a pyramid structure, attention mechanism, and angle decision loss function to improve the bilinear convolutional neural network (a fine-grained visual categorization framework) for tobacco grading. The feature extraction and classification model was trained using 66,966 images, to effectively extract high-level semantic features from a global tobacco image and multi-scale features from a local tobacco image. In an online test on assembly line equipment, the proposed model was able to classify six main grades of tobacco with an accuracy of 80.65%, which is higher than that of the state-of-the-art model. Additionally, the time required to classify each tobacco leaf was 42.1 ms. This work is of great significance for the industrial application of tobacco grading models and grading equipment, and it provides a theoretical reference for the quality grading of other agricultural products.

This study investigates an omnichannel supply chain comprising a manufacturer with online retailing and a physical retailer that provides a shopping experience to consumers. To enhance this shopping experience, the supply chain also offers buy-online-and-pick-up-in-store (BOPS) services. A model was constructed considering the cost-sharing of customer experience investment to improve the performance level of the omnichannel supply chain. The analysis examined the optimal choice of unified pricing or differential pricing for online and offline channels using the Stackelberg game model. The results show that implementation of a cost-sharing cooperation contract can increase customer experience investment and consumer demand and improve supply chain performance. Specifically, the pricing strategy was associated with channel competition and the customer experience factor. The unified pricing strategy performed better when competition intensity was lower, and the differential pricing strategy performed better when competition intensity was higher. Therefore, in the omnichannel supply chain, excessive channel competition should be avoided, and cooperative investment in the customer experience among supply chain actors should be encouraged. This study is novel as it considers customer experience investment level as an endogenous variable, in contrast with previous studies.

Inter-basin water diversion is an essential means to alleviate the contradiction between the supply and demand of water resources, and accurate hydraulic modelling guarantees smooth operation. However, due to the increasing complexity of water diversion methods, structures, water conservancy facilities and equipment, it is difficult to obtain accurate and effective measured data to establish a model. Therefore, based on a data-driven method, this paper diagnoses and restores the important parameters of the water diversion projects, including the elevation of pipeline and water level data, which can be used to establish the adaptive hydraulic transition model of the water diversion projects. Firstly, the abnormal data of the elevation of pipeline were identified using expert data annotation and support vector classification (SVC), with the identification accuracy of abnormal data being as high as 91%. Then, the single and continuous abnormal data were restored using an interpolation method and multiple linear regression algorithm (MLR), and the restored data were found to be consistent with the judgment of expert knowledge. Secondly, K-medoids was used to classify the complex multi-dimensional water level data, combined with the 3-sigma method to identify the outliers in each class. The gradient boosting decision tree algorithm (GBDT) trained on normal data restored outliers in a predictive manner, and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was 0.003%, 0.025% and 0.091% in each class, respectively, showing the best accuracy compared with other models.

Although indoor temperature was an important criterion for the evaluation of heating requirements, it was costly to install temperature-monitoring devices in every household for large-scale buildings. However, it was inexpensive to install the device at some representative locations, and the average temperature can be used to evaluate the heating requirement. In this case, it was obvious that the accuracy was limited by the location and number of installations and the calculation method. In this paper, first, the indoor temperature variation relationship between the object and adjacent households was analyzed. It was found that the correlation between the household situated above and the household in which the object was located was the strongest, which provides a new energy-saving regulation strategy. Then, the indoor temperature of households in different locations was classified using the k-means algorithm, and the installment location, number of representative points, and comprehensive indoor temperature calculation model were determined. Finally, the installment principle and calculation model were applied. The results show that, compared with the traditional method, the temperature obtained via the proposed method was closer to the actual temperature and was less affected by the instability of communication.

Gardnerella overgrowth is the primary cause of bacterial vaginosis (BV), a common vaginal infection with incidences as high as 23–29% worldwide. Here, we studied the pathogenicity, drug resistance, and prevalence of varying Gardnerella spp. We isolated 20 Gardnerella strains from vaginal samples of 31 women in local China. Ten strains were then selected via phylogenetic analysis of cpn60 and vly gene sequences to carry out genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis. Biofilm-formation, sialidase, and antibiotic resistance activities of the strains were characterized. All strains showed striking heterogeneity in genomic structure, biofilm formation and drug resistance. Two of the ten strains, JNFY3 and JNFY15, were classified as Gardnerella swidsinskii and Gardnerella piotii, respectively, according to their phenotypic characteristics and genome sequences. In particular, seven out of the ten strains exhibited super resistance (≥ 128 μg/mL) to metronidazole, which is the first line of treatment for BV in China. Based on the biochemical and genomic results of the strains, we proposed a treatment protocol of prevalent Gardnerella strains in local China, which provides the basis for accurate diagnosis and therapy.

Abstract Background Drug addiction is difficult to overcome. The relapse rate is high, and the negative impact on individuals, families and society is severe, therefore exploring social psychological mechanisms to reduce relapse has very important theoretical and practical value. However, the underlying mechanism by which the interaction between family and individual factors influences the tendency to relapse remain unclear. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to discuss the relationship between family intimacy and relapse tendency of people who use drugs, as well as the mediating effect of psychological capital and the role of self-efficacy in it. Methods A total of 817 male who use drugs were investigated via the Family Intimacy and Adaptability Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Positive Psychological Capital Questionnaire and Relapse Tendency Questionnaire. Using Hayes’s process macro carried out moderated mediation analysis. Results (1) The average family intimacy score of people who use drugs was low. (2) Family intimacy negatively predicted relapse tendency in people who use drugs. (3) Psychological capital mediated the relationship between family intimacy and relapse tendency. (4) The first half of the indirect effect of family intimacy on relapse tendency was regulated by self-efficacy, compared with the low level of self-efficacy, the psychological capital level with high self-efficacy is higher. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that the intimacy between the people who use drugs and their family members should be improved, and the rehabilitation center should take various measures to enhance the psychological capital level and the level of self-efficacy of the people who use drugs, which will be helpful to reduce their relapse tendency.

Based on continuous monitoring and retrospective analysis,adaptive security architecture was constructed to be security defense system integrating prevention,detection,response and prediction,which possesses intelligent and elastic defense ability concerning about advanced directive attacks.An essential implementable adaptive security defense platform was therefore introduced and applied correspondingly according to a thorough research of adaptive security architecture and software defined security,combined with internet security environment.Besides,website application security issues were also analyzed.

Objectives:Lactobacillus reuteri Fn041 (Fn041) is a probiotic isolated from immunoglobulin A coated microbiota in the human breast milk of Gannan in China with a low incidence of hypercholesterolemia. This study aims to explore the role and mechanism of Fn041 in preventing hypercholesterolemia caused by a high-fat diet in mice.MethodsC57BL/6N mice were fed a low-fat diet or a high-fat diet and gavage with Fn041 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) for 8 weeks.ResultsBoth Fn041 and LGG prevented the occurrence of hypercholesterolemia, liver and testicular fat accumulation. In addition, a high-fat diet causes intestinal dysbiosis and mucosal barrier damage, which is associated with hypercholesterolemia. Fn041 prevented the high-fat diet-induced reduction in alpha diversity of intestinal microbiota and intestinal mucosal barrier damage. Fn041 treatment significantly increased fecal total cholesterol and total bile acids.ConclusionsFn041 prevented hypercholesterolemia by enhancing cholesterol excretion and mucosal barrier function.

Gardnerella vaginalis is the main pathogen that causes bacterial vaginosis. In the healthy vaginal microecological environment of a woman, the lactobacilli produce lactate and hydrogen peroxide to inhibit the growth of pathogens such as G. vaginalis. The lack of lactobacilli results in a high pH and low hydrogen peroxide in the vagina which facilitate G. vaginalis growth, leading to the imbalance of the vaginal microecology. In this study, lactate and hydrogen peroxide were added to a G. vaginalis culture medium to simulate the co-culture of the lactobacilli and G. vaginalis, and then the genes related to the stress response of G. vaginalis were identified using transcriptomics and proteomics. It was indicated that, among all the upregulated genes, most of them encoded transporters associated with the efflux of harmful substances, and the majority of the downregulated genes were related to the biofilm formation and epithelial cell adhesion. This study may help find new drug targets for G. vaginalis for the development of novel therapies for bacterial vaginosis.

Serine protease inhibitors of Kazal-type (SPINKs) were widely identified in vertebrates and invertebrates, and played regulatory roles in digestion, coagulation, and fibrinolysis. In this study, we reported the important role of SPINK7 in regulating immune defense of silkworm, Bombyx mori. SPINK7 contains three Kazal domains and has 6 conserved cysteine residues in each domain. Quantitative real-time PCR analyses revealed that SPINK7 was exclusively expressed in hemocytes and was upregulated after infection with two fungi, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans. Enzyme activity inhibition test showed that SPINK7 significantly inhibited the activity of proteinase K from C. albicans. Additionally, SPINK7 inhibited the growth of three fungal spores, including S. cerevisiae, C. albicans, and Beauveria bassiana. The pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) binding assays suggested that SPINK7 could bind to β-D-glucan and agglutinate B. bassiana and C. albicans. In vitro assays were performed using SPINK7-coated agarose beads, and indicated that SPINK7 promoted encapsulation and melanization of agarose beads by B. mori hemocytes. Furthermore, co-localization studies using immunofluorescence revealed that SPINK7 induced hemocytes to aggregate and entrap the fungi spores of B. bassiana and C. albicans. Our study revealed that SPINK7 could recognize fungal PAMP and induce the aggregation, melanization, and encapsulation of hemocytes, and provided valuable clues for understanding the innate immunity and cellular immunity in insects.

Hepatocellular cancer is the sixth most frequently diagnosed malignant disease worldwide, and was responsible for tens of millions of deaths in 2020; however, treatment options for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma remain limited. Immunotherapy has undergone rapid development over recent years, especially in the field of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). These drugs aim to activate and enhance antitumor immunity and represent a new prospect for the treatment of patients with advanced cancer. Nevertheless, only a small proportion of liver cancer patients currently benefit from ICI-based treatment, highlighting the need to better understand how ICIs and tumors interact, as well as identify predictive biomarkers for immunotherapeutic responses. In this review, we highlight clinical trials and basic research in hepatocellular carcinoma, with a particular focus on predictive biomarkers for the therapeutic efficacy of ICIs. Predictive biomarkers for immune-related adverse events are also discussed.

To explore the application of near-infrared (NIR) technology to the quality analysis of raw intact tobacco leaves, a nondestructive discrimination method based on NIR spectroscopy is proposed. A “multiregion + multipoint” NIR spectrum acquisition method is developed, allowing 18 NIR diffuse reflectance spectra to be collected from an intact tobacco leaf. The spectral characteristics and spectral preprocessing methods of intact tobacco leaves are analyzed, and then different spectra (independent or average spectra) and different algorithms (discriminant partial least-squares (DPLS) and Fisher’s discriminant algorithms) are used to construct discriminant models for verifying the feasibility of intact leaf modeling and determining the optimal model conditions. Qualitative discrimination models based on the position, green-variegated (GV), and the grade of intact tobacco leaves are then constructed using the NIR spectra. In the application and verification stage, a multiclassification voting mechanism is used to fuse the results of multiple spectra from a single tobacco leaf to obtain the final discrimination result for that leaf. The results show that the position-GV discrimination model constructed using independent spectra and the DPLS algorithm and the grade discrimination model constructed using independent spectra and Fisher’s algorithm achieve optimal results with intact leaf NIR wavenumbers from 5006–8988 cm−1 and the first-derivative and standard normal variate transformation preprocessing method. Finally, when applied to new tobacco leaves, the position-GV model and the grade model achieve discrimination accuracies of 95.18% and 92.77%, respectively. This demonstrates that the two models have satisfactory qualitative discrimination ability for intact tobacco leaves. This study has established a feasible method for the nondestructive qualitative discrimination of the position, GV, and grade of intact tobacco leaves based on NIR technology.

The well-organized chitosan film on mica surface has drawn wide attention for its potential applications and studies on the process of self-assembly. In this article, atomic force microscopy was used to investigate the ultrastructure of the self-assembly of chitosan molecules with calcium ions in different concentrations. It was showed that calcium ions might affect the self-assembly of chitosan to a certain extent, and chitosan molecules gathered from fibrils to circular, and finally formed to film with the increasing concentration of calcium ions. Further, the formation mechanism of Ca(II)-chitosan conjugates was adapted to explain the effects of calcium ions on the self-assembly of chitosan. These results and the related analysis would be valuable for guiding the pattern of chitosan self-assembly with a potential application in food packaging science and engineering.

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effect of different treatments on collagen self-assembly, the morphological and the qualitative analysis of collagen assembly were measured by atomic force microscopy. Collagen samples were treated with 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.10% and 0.20% glutaraldehyde individually at the first steps. Meanwhile, the other experimental groups were treated with 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.20% riboflavin, respectively, the structural change of the collagen network with 15, 30, 45, 60 min UV365 exposure and the fluorescent irradiation as the control group in turn was investigated by atomic force microscopy. The width and height of collagen assembly increased with the concentration of glutaraldehyde, which were changed from 36.45 ± 4.45nm to 64.35 ± 2.58nm and 2.26 ± 0.19nm to 4.93 ± 0.29 nm, respectively. The effect of different UV365 irradiation time on the height of collagen was greater than the effect on the width, the width and height of collagen were varied from 41.36 ± 4.30nm to 55.47 ± 4.53nm and 3.10 ± 0.39nm to 6.20 ± 0.85nm, which were changed 25.44% and 50.00%, respectively. The concentration of riboflavin was more efficiently than irradiation time, and the maximum width and height of collagen reached 106.98 ± 3.37nm and 11.17 ± 1.33 nm, respectively, the control group without a significant change at the fluorescent irradiation by the time. This optimized cross-linking method with riboflavin/UV365 would have great potential for tissue engineering in clinic and food packaging science.

The effects and safety of electron beam irradiation (EBI) treatment on the detoxification of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in the peanut meal were evaluated in this article. The AFB1 degradation was predominantly affected by both initial AFB1 and water concentrations. The degradation of AFB1 in the selected concentrations (0.5–5 ppm) was proven to follow pseudo first-order reaction kinetics (R2 > 0.95). The AFB1 degradation was faster when the initial concentration was 5 ppm and the moisture content was 21.47%, in comparison with the initial concentration of 1 ppm and 0.5 ppm and the moisture content of 14.32% and 8.74%, respectively. The Ames and cytotoxicity tests were employed to evaluate the residual toxicity of EBI-treated peanut meal. The mutagenic activity of EB-treated samples was completely lost compared with that of untreated samples and the degradation products in peanut meal has almost no cell toxicity.

The noise in substations has become one of the most concerning problems in the field of power grid. In this paper, the principle of substation layout optimization based on the maximum acoustic ray shielding method is established in the premise of the sound wave propagation rule in complicated air medium to meet the requirements of relevant national environmental standards for noise at the boundary of the substation. By establishing the acoustic simulation analysis model of the 220kV outdoor substation, the noise level at the boundary of the substation before and after the layout optimization is compared and analysed, and the distribution rule of the sound field inside and outside the substation is obtained. The analysis results show that the optimized layout of the substation can effectively reduce the noise at the boundary of the substation, which provides a control method for the noise optimization design of the substation.

The electronic voltage transformer (EVT) has received much attention with the recent global trend to establish smart grids and digital substations. One of the main issues of the EVT is the deterioration of its performance with long-term operation which affects the control and protection systems it is employed for and hence the overall reliability of the power grids. This calls for the essential need for a reliable technique to regularly assess the accuracy of operating EVT in real-time. Unfortunately, traditional calibration methods cannot detect the incipient EVT performance change in real-time. As such, this paper presents a new online method to evaluate the accuracy of the EVT. In this regard, the Q-statistic is calculated based on the recursive principal components analysis (RPCA) using the output data of EVT to map up the changes of metering error on the electric–physics relationship. By employing the output data of the EVT along with the power grid characteristics, the performance of the EVT is evaluated without the need for a standard transformer, as per the current industry practice. Results show that the proposed method can assess the EVT with a 0.2 accuracy class.

Spillways designed in hydraulic hubs can release floods and prevent floods from overflowing, which plays an important role in ensuring the safety of dams. To avoid the adverse effects caused by the water flow impact of the curved spillway, it is necessary to dissipate the energy of the water flow of the curved spillway. In this study, a reservoir is taken as the research object. Two plans for the water flow energy dissipation of the curved spillway are provided by the model test of the design of the curved spillway, namely the bottom flow composite energy dissipation and the multi-level drop energy dissipation. By studying the characteristics of water flow and the principle of energy dissipation under different working conditions, the respective energy dissipation effects of the two proposed schemes are obtained. The research results show that both energy dissipation schemes have good energy dissipation effect. Among them, the average efficiency rate of the outlet of the bottom flow composite energy dissipation spillway exceeds 80%; the multi-level drop energy dissipation design scheme is reasonably and well arranged, achieving the purpose of eliminating the energy of the spillway flow in stages and stages. To choose the best energy dissipation scheme and assure the curved spillway's design safety, multiple schemes may be used to compare the water flow energy dissipation impact of the curved spillway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanical faults, time-varying faults and other disturbances in the role of multiple coupling, the stable operation of the hydroturbine regulation system has caused great obstacles. This study concentrated on the output feedback fault-tolerant (FFT) control technology and T-S state feedback predictive control technology using the actual operating conditions of the numerical simulation test. The results show that the control technique has good identification tracking and control effect, and can make the system stabilize within 2 s in the case of disturbance. This shows that the control system designed by the research institute has good applicability and provides data reference for the intelligent control operation and maintenance of the hydroturbine regulation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial infections pose a significant clinical burden on global health. The growing incidence of drug-resistant pathogens highlights the critical necessity to identify and isolate bioactive compounds from marine resources. Marine-derived fungi could provide novel lead compounds against pathogenic bacteria. Due to the particularity of the marine environment, Aspergillus species derived from marine sources have proven to be potent producers of bioactive secondary metabolites and have played a considerable role in advancing drug development. This study reviews the structural diversity and activities against pathogenic bacteria of secondary metabolites isolated from marine-derived Aspergillus species over the past 14 years (January 2010–June 2024), and 337 natural products (including 145 new compounds) were described. The structures were divided into five major categories—terpenoids, nitrogen-containing compounds, polyketides, steroids, and other classes. These antimicrobial metabolites will offer lead compounds to the development and innovation of antimicrobial agents.