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Objective To investigate the association of serum bilirubin within normal range, especially unconjugated bilirubin (UCB), with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods In this cross-sectional, real-world study, 7617 T2DM patients were stratified into quartiles based on serum UCB levels. DR was determined by digital fundus photography and further classified into non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and PDR. The associations of serum bilirubin levels and UCB quartiles with DR were investigated by logistic regression analysis.Results After controlling for age, sex, and diabetes duration, the DR prevalence was significantly decreased across the serum UCB quartiles (40.4%, 33.4%, 29.7%, 26.6% for each quartile, respectively, p Conclusions High-normal serum TB and UCB were closely associated with the decreased risk of DR, while all types of serum bilirubin were negatively correlated with the severity of DR in T2DM. Serum bilirubin may be used as a potential indicator to assess the risk and severity of DR in T2DM.

To compare the therapeutic effect on sensory impairment in the recovery stage of cerebral infarction between the combined treatment of acupotomy andA total of 80 patients with cerebral infarction in the recovery stage were randomized into an observation group (40 cases, 2 cases dropped off) and a control group (40 cases, 1 case dropped off). On the basis of the conventional treatment of internal medicine, in the control group,After treatment, FMA scores were increased and VAS scores were decreased in the patients of the two groups (The combined treatment of acupotomy and

Concerns about the effects of nanoparticles (NPs) on human health are being raised by researchers because the risks of nanocosmetics like sunscreen are unknown. We explored the association between urinary oxidative stress markers and exposure of cosmetics salesclerks to 20 cosmetics that might contain titanium dioxide (TiO2)/zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs. We then recruited 40 cosmetics salesclerks and 24 clothing salesclerks and categorized them based on their exposure to ZnO and TiO2 NPs. Nineteen and 15 samples met the EU definition for TiO2 and ZnO nanomaterials, respectively. Participants with a higher co-exposure index of ZnO and TiO2 NPs had a significantly higher base level of urinary 8-hydroxy-2&prime, deoxyguanosin (8-OHdG) concentrations than the lower co-exposure group (5.82 vs. 2.85 ng/mL, p &lt, 0.001). After potential confounding factors had been adjusted for, the TiO2 and ZnO NP co-exposure index was significantly positively associated with the urinary 8-OHdG base concentration (&beta, = 0.308, 95% CI = 0.106 to 0.510) and the creatinine-adjusted concentration (&beta, = 0.486, 95% CI = 0.017 to 0.954). Current evidence suggests that the likelihood of harm from using sunscreens containing nanoparticles might result in higher urinary 8-OHdG. However, our limited number and types of sample cosmetics might underestimate the risk.

Aim Acupuncture has benefits in the rehabilitation of neuropsychiatric sequelae of stroke. This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of dense cranial electroacupuncture stimulation plus body acupuncture (DCEAS+BA) in treating poststroke depression (PSD), functional disability, and cognitive deterioration. Methods In this assessor- and participant-blinded, randomized controlled trial, 91 stroke patients who initially had PSD were randomly assigned to either DCEAS+BA (n = 45) or minimum acupuncture stimulation as controls (n = 46) for three sessions per week over 8 consecutive weeks. The primary outcome was baseline-to-end-point change in score of the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Secondary outcomes included the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale for depressive symptoms, the Barthel Index for functional disability, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment for cognitive function. Results DCEAS+BA-treated patients showed strikingly greater end-point reduction than MAS-treated patients in scores of the three symptom domains. The clinical response rate, defined as an at least 50% baseline-to-end-point reduction in 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score, was markedly higher in the DCEAS+BA-treated group than that of controls (40.0% vs 17.4%, P = 0.031). Incidence of adverse events was not different in the two groups. Subgroup analysis revealed that DCEAS+BA with electrical stimulation on forehead acupoints was more apparent in reducing Barthel-Index-measured disability than that without electrical stimulation. Conclusion DCEAS+BA, particularly with electrical stimulation on forehead acupoints, reduces PSD, functional disability, and cognitive deterioration of stroke patients. It can serve as an effective rehabilitation therapy for neuropsychiatric sequelae of stroke.

We investigated the dual-peak phenomenon in the response curve of the magnetoelectric (ME) coupling coefficient versus magnetic field for Terfenol-D/PZT/Terfenol-D tri-layer magnetoelectric laminated composites. Using nonlinear constitutive relations for the magnetostrictive material, an expression for the resonance ME coefficient that considers nonlinear resonance mechanical loss is established with the aid of the equivalent circuit method. The established model effectively predicts the complex behavior related to dual-peak phenomenon in regard to pre-stress, bias magnetic field, frequency of the alternating magnetic field, and nonlinear mechanical loss, and explains the origin of the dual peaks. The response curves obtained are consistent with experimental results. It can be found from the further predictions that in a given resonance frequency band, selecting an appropriate pre-stress can regulate two peaks in dual-peak curve, so that a giant ME coupling effect is obtained on the first peak, or a stronger resonance peak is achieved by adjusting stress to merge two peaks. With our resonance ME dual-peak model, we also demonstrate a giant ME coupling by regulating the dual-peak resonances by pre-stress engineering.

By using vacuum electron beam vapor deposition (EBVD) technology, perovskite-type SrTiO3 was deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) conductive glass. The SrTiO3 orientation and its film thickness were well-controlled by appropriately modifying the growth conditions and deposition time. The elemental composition, microstructure, surface morphology and field emission character of SrTiO3 film were characterized by energy dispersive spectrum (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum, field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and field emission (FE) detecting system. The FE test results showed that the SrTiO3 film showed good field emission characteristics. The maximum field emission current density reach 88.96 μA/cm2 at 10.45V/μm applied electric field. And the experimental results show that the SrTiO3 film has certain potential in FE field.

A series of two-dimensional MoS2 nano-sheet (MSNS) films were deposited on different metal coated substrate (Al or Mo-coated alumina ceramic substrate and Al or Mo-coated glass substrate) by using the vacuum electron beam vapor deposition (EBVD) technique. The film thickness of MSNS and metal coating was well-controlled by appropriately modifying the growth conditions and deposition time. The microstructure and surface morphology of MoS2 films were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The field emission (FE) test results indicated that the FE properties of the glass-Al/MSNS sample are superior to the glass-Mo/MSNS sample. And in the case that the device is working properly, the FE current density of ceramic-Al/MSNS sample is always higher than that of ceramic-Mo/MSNS sample when the external electric field is the same. All the experimental results are explained reasonably.

A nonlinear mechanical loss model of magnetoelectric laminated composite that fully considers the static magnetic field and pre-stress is established. The proposed model effectively predicts variations in the resonance frequency, anti-resonance frequency, and mechanical loss of magnetostricitve/piezoelectric sandwich laminate as functions of the magnetic field and pre-stress. The degradation model can effectively predict experimental results, confirming the model’s validity, when the pre-stress is taken as 0 MPa. By this model, it is found that the mechanical loss can be significantly reduced by applying a static magnetic field less than the critical resonance magnetic field when the resonance frequency is less than the resonance frequency corresponding to no magnetic field; also, when the resonance frequency is larger than the resonance frequency corresponding to no magnetic field, the mechanical loss can be significantly reduced by applying compressive stress.

In order to determine the shearing properties of material accurately, a new instrument for shear force was developed. In the Measuring Instrument, the linear motor was used as driving mechanism, the force sensor was used to collect the shear force of material, meanwhile displacement was measured by the transducer, and then the stress was calculated by computer. And the relationship of stress and strain relation was got. The design of clamping mechanism was optimized, which avoided the slip phenomenon. So the measurement error is reduced greatly.

In this paper, we present design and analysis of an innovative low-jitter low-phase-noise 10-GHz sub-harmonically injection-locked phase-locked loop (PLL) with self-aligned delay-locked loop in 65-nm CMOS technology. With the proposed innovative topology, the phase between the injection signal and the voltage-controlled oscillator in the PLL can be dynamically aligned to minimize the jitter over the variations. A modified theoretical model of the sub-harmonically injection-locked PLL with self-aligned injection is developed for the design methodology. The in-band phase noise of the sub-harmonically injection-locked PLL can be significantly improved using the self-aligned sub-harmonically injection-locked technique. The design considerations of the locking range, loop bandwidth, and frequency division ratio are addressed. At 10 GHz, the measured phase noise of the proposed PLL with self-aligned injection at 1-MHz offset is -130.2 dBc/Hz with a root-mean-square jitter of 44 fs. The total dc power consumption is 62.7 mW. From 10 °C to 70 °C, the measured phase noise at 1-MHz offset and jitter are better than -129 dBc/Hz and 48 fs, respectively. This work demonstrates excellent performance and good robustness over the variations, and it can be compared to the previously reported state-of-the-art sub-harmonically injection-locked PLLs.

Due to the limited energy on nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), many data compression algorithms had been proposed for energy saving. However, the errors, i.e., differences between the compressed and original data, are unbounded. In this article, given an error bound, an efficient and effective data compression and aggregation algorithm, called BEDCA, is proposed. Data correlation is first considered. A codebook for the monitored environment is constructed from observed data. Then, time and spatial correlations are considered. Under a bounded error, BEDCA determines whether the new sensed data should be compressed or not by comparing it with reference data such as the previous sensed data (for temporal correlation), the neighboring sensed data (for spatial correlation), and the codebook data (for data correlation). Since the compression error is bounded, the errors of aggregation functions, such as Min(), Max(), and Sum(), are bounded. We use four different kinds of real dataset to evaluate BEDCA. Experiment results show that even if the error bound is set to a small value (under 0.5%), BEDCA can reduce a lot of transmission energy (over 70%). The proposed method can make WSNs more power efficient.

A model of nonlinear mechanical loss under combined of bias magnetic field and temperature was established for tri-layer symmetrical magnetoelectric laminated composite in this paper. The temperature was set as ambient temperature to degenerate the model, and the predictions by the degenerated model fit the experimental results both qualitatively and quantitatively. The model was also adopted to effectively predict the variations of mechanical loss under different magnetic fields and temperatures in magnetoelectric laminates.

Lithium battery has been widely used as the main driving force of the new energy vehicle in recent years. Sheet metal parts are formed by means of pressure forming techniques with the characteristics of light weight, small size and high structural strength. The sheet metal forming has higher productivity and material utilization than the mechanical cutting, therefore sheet metal parts are widely used in many fields, such as modern automotive industry, aviation, aerospace, machine tools, instruments and household appliances. In this paper, taking a complex lithium battery box as an example, the integrated manufacturing of sheet metal parts is studied, and the digital integrated design and manufacturing process system is proposed. The technology is studied such as sheet metal design, unfolding, sheet nesting and laser cutting, CNC turret punch stamping programming, CNC bending etc. The feasibility of the method is verified through the examples of products and the integrated manufacturing of sheet metal box is completed.

A 2.2–2.4 GHz self-aligned sub-harmonically injection-locked phase-locked loop (PLL) using 65 nm CMOS process is presented in this paper. A delay-locked loop is employed in the proposed PLL to automatically align the phase difference between the injection signal and the sub-harmonically injection-locked voltage controlled oscillator. At 2.3 GHz, the measured phase noises at 1 kHz, 10 kHz, 100 kHz, and 1 MHz offset are better than −110, −112, −122 and −128.4 dBc/Hz, respectively, with an rms jitter of 228 fs. This work demonstrates low phase noise, low jitter, and good robustness over frequency and temperature variations.

For a giant magnetostrictive rod under the action of multiple physical loads, such as an external magnetic field, temperature and axial pre-stress, this paper proposes a general one-dimensional nonlinear magneto-thermo-mechanical coupled constitutive model. This model is based on the Taylor expansion of the elastic Gibbs free energy of giant magnetostrictive material and thermodynamic relations from the perspective of macro continuum mechanics. Predictions made using this model are in good agreement with experimental data for magnetization and the magnetostrictive strain curve under the collective effect of pre-stress and temperature. Additionally, the model overcomes the drawback of the existing magneto-thermo-mechanical constitutive model that cannot accurately predict the magnetization and magnetostrictive strain curve for different temperatures and pre-stresses. Furthermore, the constitutive model does not contain an implicit function and is compact, and can thus be applied in both situations of tensile and compressive stress and to both positive and negative magnetostrictive materials, and it is thus appropriate for engineering applications. Comprehensive analysis shows that the model fully describes the nonlinear coupling properties of a magnetic field, magnetostrictive strain and elasticity of a magnetostrictive material subjected to stress, a magnetic field and heat.

Energy supply is the critical issue in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), as the transmission of the data is the largest energy consumption especially. Our previous work, BEDCA, shows that the power consumption and information loss could be balanced by bounded-error compression and aggregation. The error bound is equally assigned to each node. However, this error distribution rule may be unpractical due to the node degrees incident to each sensor are not equivalent. In this paper, we propose D-BEDCA which improves BEDCA by assigning the error bound dynamically according to the structure of WSNs. It stresses on the coefficient of variation (CV) from datasets to set the fitted error bound to each node. We design four different proportions to assign the error bound for comparisons. The experiments show that the power consumption of transmission can be reduced when the error bound is assigned in according to the data correlation. When the error bound is set as 6% (the error rate is about 0.5 bit-perbyte), D-BEDCA can reduce over 47% transmission data than BEDCA.

Motorcycle accident rates have increased significantly year by year throughout the world. In this paper, we would like to introduce a motorcycle active safety system that can detect high risk riding states and decrease accident rates. As smartphone nowadays becomes a popular communication tools in society, we use smartphone as the platform of our system. By using sensors that equipped in smartphone, our system will do real-time monitoring based on data that obtained from those sensors and detect the high-risk motorcycle riding maneuvers. When high-risk maneuver is detected, our system will automatically alert the rider. An emergency message will be sent to police when the fatal accident happens. It can be a traffic data recorder with cloud computing to provide digital forensics information to police and insurance company for crash investigation. Our system has been implemented on Android smartphone and tested in real riding condition. Experiments show that data obtained from this system achieve high accuracy and precision.  Index Terms—Active safe system, digital forensics, cloud computing, risk riding detection, smartphone.

Due to the power is limited on each node of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), a data compression mechanism is required to achieve the purpose of power saving. In this paper, an efficient data compression method is proposed to reduce the size of transmission data under the given error bound. We first apply the observed transmission data to construct a static Huffman codebook which is related to the data correlation of the monitoring environment. Given an error bound, the proposed method determines whether the new sensed data should be sent or not by comparing it with the reference data such as the previous sensed data (for temporal correlation), the neighboring sensed data (for spatial correlation) and the codebook encoded data (for data correlation). Thus, the total size of transmission data can be minimized for power saving. Simulation results show that the proposed method can make WSNs more efficient in energy consumption. Even the error bound is set as a small value (under 0.009), the proposed method can reduce a lot of the transmission data (over 65%) to cut down the total energy consumption. Comparing to DF-TS, our improvement is nearly 70% in the total energy consumed

For the converse magnetoelectric coupling effect of the piezoelectric/magnetostrictive/piezoelectric tri-layer symmetric magnetoelectric laminates, based on the nonlinear thermo-magneto-mechanical constitutive equations of the giant magnetostrictive materials and the thermo-electro-mechanical constitutive equations of the piezoelectric materials, according to Newton’s second law and the magnetic circuit theorem, an equivalent circuit is established. Then an expression of the converse magnetoelectric coefficient describing nonlinear thermo-magneto-electro-mechanical coupling is established. The curve of the nonlinear converse magnetoelectric coefficient versus the bias magnetic field, is predicted effectively by the expression, and the predictions are in good agreement with the experimental result both qualitatively and quantitatively. Furthermore, the model can predict the complex influences of the bias magnetic field, the stress and the ambient temperature on the converse magnetoelectric coefficient. It can be found from these predictions that the converse magnetoelectric coefficient decreases with the increasing temperature and increases with the increasing tensile stress. Under the common effect of the ambient temperature and the stress, it is also found that the converse magnetoelectric coefficient changes sharply with the ambient temperature when the tensile stress is applied on the laminates, but it has a good stability of temperature when a large compressive stress is applied. Therefore, this work contributes to the researches on the giant converse magnetoelectric coefficient and the designs of magnetoelectric devices based on the converse magnetoelectric coupling.