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The colon is the largest compartment of the immune system, with innate immune cells exposed to antigens in the environment. However, the mechanisms by which the innate immune system is instigated are poorly defined in colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, a population of CD16+ neutrophils that specifically accumulate in CRC tumor tissues by imaging mass cytometry (IMC), immune fluorescence, and flow cytometry, which demonstrated pro‐tumor activity by disturbing natural killer (NK) cells are identified. It is found that these CD16+ neutrophils possess abnormal cholesterol accumulation due to activation of the CD16/TAK1/NF‐κB axis, which upregulates scavenger receptors for cholesterol intake including CD36 and LRP1. Consequently, these region‐specific CD16+ neutrophils not only competitively inhibit cholesterol intake of NK cells, which interrupts NK lipid raft formation and blocks their antitumor signaling but also release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to induce the death of NK cells. Furthermore, CD16‐knockout reverses the pro‐tumor activity of neutrophils and restored NK cell cytotoxicity. Collectively, the findings suggest that CRC region‐specific CD16+ neutrophils can be a diagnostic marker and potential therapeutic target for CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Meteorological factors and air pollutants are believed to be associated with cardiovascular disease. Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a major public health issue worldwide. Few studies have investigated the associations among meteorological factors, air pollutants, and IHD daily hospital admissions in Lanzhou, China. Methods: We conducted a distributed lag nonlinear model on the basis of 5-year data, aiming at disentangling the impact of meteorological factors and air pollutants on IHD hospital admissions. All IHD daily hospital admissions recorded from January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2019, were obtained from three hospitals in Lanzhou, China. Daily air pollutant concentrations and meteorological data were synchronously collected from Gansu Meteorological Administration and Lanzhou Environmental Protection Administration. Stratified analyses were performed by sex and two age groups. Results: A total of 23,555 IHD hospital admissions were recorded, of which 10,477 admissions were for coronary artery disease (CAD) and 13,078 admissions were for acute coronary syndrome. Our results showed that there was a nonlinear (J-shaped) relationship between temperature and IHD hospital admissions. The number of IHD hospital admissions was positively correlated with NO2, O3, humidity, and pressure, indicating an increased risk of hospital admissions for IHD under NO2, O3, humidity, and pressure exposure. Meanwhile, both extremely low (−12°C) and high (30°C) temperatures reduced IHD hospital admissions, but the harmful effect increased with the lag time in Lanzhou, China, while the cold effect was more pronounced and long-lasting than the heat effect. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the risk on CAD hospital admissions increased significantly in females and <65 years of age at −12°C. Conclusion: Our findings added to the growing evidence regarding the potential impact of meteorological factors and air pollutants on policymaking from the perspective of hospital management efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 9-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary sources of astaxanthin on fillet coloration, texture, and nutrient composition in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Eight diets were formulated to contain 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 mg/kg astaxanthin from wall-broken Haematococcus pluvialis (WBHPA), 100 mg/kg astaxanthin from wall-unbroken H. pluvialis (WUHPA), or chemically synthesized astaxanthin (CSA). Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of rainbow trout (mean initial weight of 561 g) twice daily (07:00 and 17:00) to apparent satiation for 9 weeks. Results showed that at the 100 mg/kg astaxanthin inclusion level, the CAS group had higher fillet gross energy, dorsal fillet redness, and dorsal fillet color card score compared to the WBHPA-100 group, with both being higher than the WUHPA group (P < 0.05). Fillet astaxanthin content, dorsal fillet yellowness, and lateral line redness and yellowness did not differ significantly between the CSA and WBHPA-100 groups (P > 0.05), but were higher than the WUHPA group. When WBHPA was used, the inclusion of 50–100 mg/kg decreased fillet lightness but increased fillet redness, while better fillet texture was served at 75–125 mg/kg. Dietary 25–125 mg/kg WBHPA inclusion increased fillet astaxanthin and gross energy concentrations, with minor effects on fatty acid compositions of fillet. Inclusion of over 100 mg/kg astaxanthin regardless of source decreased fillet threonine and serine contents, and the WBHPA-100 group had lower fillet glycine and alanine contents compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, CSA had the most significant impact on fillet coloration and energy deposition in rainbow trout, while WUHPA had the least favorable effect. Additionally, the wall-breaking treatment of H. pluvialis can improve the effect of astaxanthin on fillet coloration and nutrient composition in rainbow trout, with a recommended dose range of 75–100 mg/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipid has been considered as a promising target for atherosclerosis diagnosis. However, there is still no available lipid imaging technology in clinic. Herein, we have prepared a fluorescence probe TPN for lipid-specific imaging in atherosclerosis. TPN exhibited extremely weak emission in water, while its emission was significantly enhanced in lipid environment at 666 nm. Meanwhile, TPN has showed low cytotoxicity and great intracellular lipid-specific fluorescence imaging ability with high signal-to-noise ratio. Importantly, TPN could specifically stain the lipid in atherosclerotic plaque, which would be a potential candidate for the diagnosis of atherosclerosis. • A lipid activatable fluorescence probe TPN was prepared. • TPN exhibited significantly enhanced emission in lipid environment. • TPN has showed great intracellular lipid droplets specific imaging ability. • The lipid droplets in atherosclerosis plaques could be light up by TPN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The colon is the largest compartment of the immune system, with innate immune cells exposed to antigens in the environment. However, the mechanisms by which the innate immune system is instigated are poorly defined in colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, a population of CD16 + neutrophils that specifically accumulate in CRC tumor tissues by imaging mass cytometry (IMC), immune fluorescence, and flow cytometry, which demonstrated pro-tumor activity by disturbing natural killer (NK) cells are identified. It is found that these CD16 + neutrophils possess abnormal cholesterol accumulation due to activation of the CD16/TAK1/NF-κB axis, which upregulates scavenger receptors for cholesterol intake including CD36 and LRP1. Consequently, these region-specific CD16 + neutrophils not only competitively inhibit cholesterol intake of NK cells, which interrupts NK lipid raft formation and blocks their antitumor signaling but also release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to induce the death of NK cells. Furthermore, CD16-knockout reverses the pro-tumor activity of neutrophils and restored NK cell cytotoxicity. Collectively, the findings suggest that CRC region-specific CD16 + neutrophils can be a diagnostic marker and potential therapeutic target for CRC., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

A nine-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing wheat bran (WB) with palm kernel cake (PKC) or fermented palm kernel cake (FPKC) on the growth performance, intestinal microbiota and intestinal health of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus ) (initial weight 7.00 ± 0.01 g). Eleven isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets were formulated by replacing 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% of dietary WB with PKC or FPKC. Replacement of WB with PKC concentrations up to 80% had no significant effect on the growth rate of tilapia or feed utilisation ( p  > 0.05). FPKC improved the growth performance of tilapia, with optimum growth achieved at 40% replacement level ( p  < 0.05). Complete replacement with PKC significantly decreased the activity of lipase and trypsin, and reduced the height of muscularis and the height of villus ( p  < 0.05). However, FPKC significantly increased amylase activity and villus height ( p  < 0.05). The apparent digestibility of dry matter and energy decreased linearly with increasing levels of PKC substitution, while FPKC showed the opposite trend ( p  < 0.05). PKC replacement of WB by 20% significantly reduced serum diamine oxidase activity and endothelin levels and increased intestinal tight junctions ( p  < 0.05). However, FPKC significantly decreased diamine oxidase activity and increased intestinal tight junctions ( p  < 0.05). PKC completely replaced WB, up-regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory factors ( il-1β ) ( p  < 0.05). When 40% of WB was replaced with FPKC, the expression of pro-inflammatory factors ( il-1β and il-6 ) was decreased significantly ( p  < 0.05). Completely replacement of WB with PKC reduced the abundance of Firmicutes and Chloroflexi, while FPKC reduced the abundance of Fusobacteriota and increased the levels of Actinobacteriota. WB can be replaced with PKC up to 80% in tilapia feeds. However, the high percentage of gluten induced intestinal inflammation, impaired gut health, and reduced dietary nutrient utilisation and growth performance. Complete replacement of WB with FPKC promoted intestinal immunity. It also improved dietary nutrient utilisation and growth performance. However, the optimal growth was achieved at a 40% replacement level., Competing Interests: LuZ and HM are employed by Tongwei Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Huang, Lin, Meng, Liu, Fan, Zhu, Chen, Zhang, Mi and Deng.)