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A study on the reaction of methanol to aromatic hydrocarbons using catalysts based on hybrid zeolites MFI-MEL, MFI-MTW, and MFI-MCM-41 at a temperature of 340 °C and a pressure of 10.0 MPa was carried out. It is shown that in the synthesis of hydrocarbons under pressure, the activity of the studied samples is similar and does not have a linear correlation with their total acidity. It was found that the catalyst's activity is primarily determined by the rate of the initial methanol conversion reaction, which is related to the volume of micropores—more micropores lead to higher activity. Additionally, increasing the volume of mesopores results in the formation of heavier aromatic compounds, specifically C10–C11. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article was to conduct a spatial and territorial analysis of the urban mining potential of the European Metropolis of Lille (MEL), which had 1,174,273 inhabitants in 2018. This involved quantifying construction and demolition waste (CDW) deposits and analyzing their spatial distribution. The chosen quantification approach utilized building and demolition permits as input data, along with waste diagnostics for Construction and Building Materials Products (CBMPs) obtained from stakeholders in the building sector. Waste quantities were estimated using the production rate calculation method (GRC). Specifically, the calculation based on surface area combined with GIS geographic information systems. CDW quantities were categorized by demolition rehabilitation and construction; by type (hazardous non-hazardous inert); and by urban fabric. For the MEL area, the findings revealed that building sites covered the largest surface area, with over 8 million m² being constructed between 2013 and 2022. The construction activity, including renovation, is expected to constitute approximately 20% of the MEL's building stock from 2013 to 2022. During the same period, 5.51% of the MEL's building stock was demolished. This corresponds to nearly 6 million tons of CDW being generated during this period, averaging 661318 tons per year. Demolition sites contributed 73% of the total CDW production, compared to 22% for new construction and 4% for renovation sites. Inert waste continued to dominate the composition of waste, accounting for 90% of the total with 9% for non-hazardous waste and 1% for hazardous waste. Semi-detached and grouped houses business fabrics and townhouses or collective fabrics were identified as the primary type of waste-producing urban fabrics. Furthermore, our GIS-based methodology enabled the analysis of CDW quantity distribution by municipality, providing essential data for understanding the urban mining potential and the disparity between construction material requirements for new buildings and resources derived from building demolition. This approach facilitates the assessment of (1) a geographical area's reliance on construction materials, and (2) the significance of reusing and recycling products equipment materials and waste (PEMW) in new construction to achieve circular economy objectives and to comply with the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) channel initiated in France in 2023. Over the period from 2013 to 2022, annual construction material requirements remained significantly higher than resources from building demolition and rehabilitation, ranging between 29% and 35%. Additionally, the analysis indicated a potential 41% rate of substitution of new construction materials with secondary primary materials in the MEL, varying by municipality and typology, with higher rates in rural communities and lower rates in urban communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: For the first time, the possibility of anodic electroanalytical detection of ledol -- the main toxin in the nectars and honeys of some toxic flowers -- by the electrode, modified by the conductive polymer composite with cobalt oxyhydroxide is evaluated. Methodology: The electrooxidation of ledol will be realized via cyclopropane ring, followed by the oxidation of the secondary alcoholic group to ketone. Results and discussion: Analysis of the corresponding model using linear stability theory and bifurcation analysis confirms that cobalt oxyhydroxide in composite with conductive polymer can serve as an effective anode modifier for determining ledol in honeys, nectars and other sources natural. As ledol is poorly ionized, the oscillatory behavior will only be caused by the effects of the electrochemical stage in the double electric layer (DEL). Conclusions: Cobalt oxyhydroxide can be used for detection of ledol for safety verification of honeys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Different approaches to the definition of ecological competence are considered. The importance of learning virtual communication is proved. The current Ukrainian and foreign works on ecological competence are reviewed. The interactive methods of forming the ecological awareness of English language teachers are listed. The structural components of ecological competence and three interrelated components that influence the formation of ecological competence are indicated. The definition of ecological competence of a foreign language teacher is given. The list of topics for the development of ecological competence has been identified. The conditions for the formation of ecological competence in CLIL lessons are specified. An ecological view of a foreign language is presented. The potential of Internet memes in the formation of virtual communication skills is characterized. The concept of language assessment ecology is presented. It is confirmed that formative assessment is a structural part of the ecology of language assessment. The written tasks in authentic secondary school English language teaching materials are analyzed. The article presents an example of teaching meaning in a mediated sense in English lessons. A sample of teaching the internal dialogism of words in secondary school is shown. A model of teaching meaning in the emergent sense is created. The ways of applying the unpredictable and double-voiced meaning in secondary school English lessons are revealed. The potential use of metaphors for the development of linguistic and environmental literacy is indicated. It is emphasized that each topic studied should form ecological knowledge. It is concluded that the ecological principles of language can be applied already at the stage of the adaptation cycle of basic secondary education [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: Follicular atresia in chickens reduces the number of follicles that can further develop, leading to decrease egg laying. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) can initiate a unique pathway inducing the apoptosis of follicular granulosa cells, thus reducing egg laying. Melatonin (MEL) is involved in the regulation of follicle development, ovulation, and oocyte maturation, and is closely related to follicle fate. Mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway plays an important role in cell growth regulation, and that there is a possible crosstalk between melatonin and mTOR activity in granular cells maturation and ovulation. This study aimed to investigate whether MEL inhibits ERS and follicular granulosa cell apoptosis by regulating ATF4 to activate mTOR signaling pathway in chickens. Frist, we established an in vitro ERS cell model using tunicamycin (TM). The results showed that different concentrations of TM exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of cell activity and induction of granulosa cells (P

O objetivo do artigo é descrever como os arranjos institucionais, atores e espaços de governança atuam na condução do processo inovativo e na apropriação de benefícios decorrentes da implementação da Indicação Geográfica (IG) para o mel “Oeste do Paraná”. O delineamento da pesquisa é caracterizado como pesquisa exploratória, qualitativa e estudo de caso. Como instrumento de pesquisa foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e pesquisa documental. Os resultados mostram que os vínculos entre os diferentes atores dos arranjos institucionais evidenciaram um processo interativo e de aprendizagem entre as organizações, uma vez que o processo não é linear, mas evolui de acordo com ensaios e experiências econômicas, técnicas, sociais ou legais, contribuindo, assim, para o processo inovativo e na apropriação econômica de seus resultados em decorrência da implementação da IG. Os resultados mostram que a IG para o mel “Oeste do Paraná” é uma construção institucional, conectando a qualidade específica e a reputação dos produtos à uma região. Contudo, essa construção, precisa ser fortalecida ou, de fato, estimulada, pela proteção legal da IG com uma intervenção coletiva e de políticas públicas, inclusive para preservação natural dos recursos locais. Concluiu-se que a IG “Oeste do Paraná” é um instrumento de Propriedade Intelectual que estimula processos inovativos, mas, no momento, ainda é ativo complementar insuficiente para a apropriação econômica. Abstract The aim of this article is to describe how institutional arrangements, agents and governance bodies act in the conduction of the innovation process and in the appropriation of benefits arisen from the implementation of the Geographical Indication (GI) for the “Oeste do Paraná” honey. The research design is characterized as exploratory, qualitative, documentary and case study. Semi-structured interviews were carried out as a research instrument. The results show that the bonds among the different agents of the institutional arrangements pointed out an interactive and learning process among the organizations, since the process is not linear, but it evolves according to economic, technical, social or legal experiences and trials, contributing, this way, to the innovation process and to the economic appropriation of its result due to the implementation of the GI. The results show that the GI for the “Oeste do Paraná” honey is an institutional construction, connecting the specific quality and the reputation of the products to a region. However, this construction needs to be strengthened or, indeed, stimulated by the legal protection of the GI, with a collective intervention and public policies, even for the natural preservation of local resources. It was concluded that the “Oeste do Paraná” GI is an instrument of Intellectual Property that stimulates innovation processes, but which, at the moment, is still an insufficient complementary asset for economic appropriation.

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In the absence of industry data, organisms, and researchers leverage free and available data, specifically building and demolition permits. Geospatial processing is essential to integrate information from various files into a single GIS layer containing all relevant attributes for analysis. This article proposes a Geographic Information System (GIS) processing model aimed at monitoring construction and demolition dynamics in the European metropolis of Lille to quantify the urban production of mineral waste from buildings. Author methodology is based on that that the deposit potential can be analyzed using the observation of the spatiotemporal dynamics of building and demolition permits. The results demonstrate that combining construction and demolition (C&D) permits with other GIS layers allows us to produce data to quantify demolition surfaces per year in a given French area. The applicability of this methodology extends to all French regions, providing insights into the impact of crises on deconstruction activities and C&D waste generation. The study focuses on C&D French public data bases (French government and European Metropolis of Lille) attributed to the region (area) of the European Metropolis of Lille (MEL) between 2013 and 2022. Some data for 2022 were incomplete due to ongoing treatment, emphasizing the importance of understanding the dynamics of demolition rates or surfaces to identify data gaps or errors. Historical trajectories of C&D permits were quantified and analyzed, revealing over 21,000 permits granted from 2013 to 2022, categorized by site type (new construction, rehabilitations, prior declarations, and demolitions). Construction sites during this period covered approximately 3,345,948 m2, constituting 20% of the MEL's building stock, while demolition sites amounted to 1,977,911 m2, equivalent to 5% of the total area of buildings in the metropolis. Employing GIS allowed for a spatial analysis, visualizing data by municipality, urban fabric, and year. The analysis highlighted territories with high and low potential for demolition and construction, as well as the most impacted urban fabrics and dynamic periods. The article discusses potential crisis impacts (e.g., COVID-19 or economic downturns) and the implications of incomplete data. Finally, the study demonstrates how these findings can be utilized to quantify C&D waste, leveraging GIS and the production rate calculation method (GRC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One-step CO2 conversion to liquid hydrocarbons (Emission-to-Liquid) was carried out at 340°C and 10.0 MPa in the presence of tandem catalyst. This catalyst consisted of two components loaded in a layered manner: a copper–zinc oxide component responsible for the synthesis of methanol from CO2, and a zeolite component responsible for the conversion of methanol to liquid hydrocarbons. The structural effects of the zeolite component (Hybrid Intergrowth Structure Zeolites) on the yield and hydrocarbon composition of the liquid product were investigated. The textural properties of the zeolite component were found to be critical to the hydrocarbon composition of the liquid product. Hybrid co-crystalline structures, namely MFI–MEL and MFI–MCM-41, with their large volume of mesopores, significantly enhanced the content of aromatics in the liquid hydrocarbon product. This was achieved not only due to the reduced diffusion limitations for product removal from the zeolite pores but also due to the activation of secondary aromatization reactions in the catalyst mesopores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article was to conduct a spatial and territorial analysis of the urban mining potential of the European Metropolis of Lille (MEL), which had 1,174,273 inhabitants in 2018. This involved quantifying construction and demolition waste (CDW) deposits and analyzing their spatial distribution. The chosen quantification approach utilized building and demolition permits as input data, along with waste diagnostics for Construction and Building Materials Products (CBMPs) obtained from stakeholders in the building sector. Waste quantities were estimated using the production rate calculation method (GRC). Specifically, the calculation based on surface area combined with GIS geographic information systems. CDW quantities were categorized by demolition rehabilitation and construction; by type (hazardous non-hazardous inert); and by urban fabric. For the MEL area, the findings revealed that building sites covered the largest surface area, with over 8 million m² being constructed between 2013 and 2022. The construction activity, including renovation, is expected to constitute approximately 20% of the MEL’s building stock from 2013 to 2022. During the same period, 5.51% of the MEL’s building stock was demolished. This corresponds to nearly 6 million tons of CDW being generated during this period, averaging 661318 tons per year. Demolition sites contributed 73% of the total CDW production, compared to 22% for new construction and 4% for renovation sites. Inert waste continued to dominate the composition of waste, accounting for 90% of the total with 9% for non-hazardous waste and 1% for hazardous waste. Semi-detached and grouped houses business fabrics and townhouses or collective fabrics were identified as the primary type of waste-producing urban fabrics. Furthermore, our GIS-based methodology enabled the analysis of CDW quantity distribution by municipality, providing essential data for understanding the urban mining potential and the disparity between construction material requirements for new buildings and resources derived from building demolition. This approach facilitates the assessment of (1) a geographical area’s reliance on construction materials, and (2) the significance of reusing and recycling products equipment materials and waste (PEMW) in new construction to achieve circular economy objectives and to comply with the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) channel initiated in France in 2023. Over the period from 2013 to 2022, annual construction material requirements remained significantly higher than resources from building demolition and rehabilitation, ranging between 29% and 35%. Additionally, the analysis indicated a potential 41% rate of substitution of new construction materials with secondary primary materials in the MEL, varying by municipality and typology, with higher rates in rural communities and lower rates in urban communities.

Introduction: Arsenic poisoning in the groundwater in recent times has become a major problem in the entire world. The exposed subjects exhibit typical symptoms of arsenicosis such as skin manifestations, gastrointestinal disorders, neurological disorders, hormonal disorders etc. Objective: The present study is focused to combat the deleterious effect of arsenic toxicity in animal models using honey. Materials and Methods: The animals (Charles Foster rats) were treated with Sodium arsenite at the dose of 8 mg per Kg body weight for 90 days to make arsenic model and upon these arsenic pre-treated rats honey at the dose of 200 mg per Kg body weight (1:1) was administered for 60 days to study the antidote effects. After the entire treatment, rats were sacrificed and their blood samples were obtained and analysed for haematological and biochemical and histopathological study. Results: The study shows that arsenic induced toxicity caused severe damage to the rats at the haematological level such as decrease in the RBC counts, WBC counts, haemoglobin percentage, and biochemical level such as increase in the levels of SGPT, SGOT, ALP, bilirubin, urea, uric acid, creatinine, and lipid peroxidation. There was also high magnitude of degeneration observed at the histopathological level in the liver and kidney tissues. But, there was significant normalization in the honey on arsenic pretreated group of rats at all the respective studied parameters. Conclusion: The studied parameters denote that honey possesses antidote properties against arsenic induced toxicity and can be used for human purpose after dose titration as antidote. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-additive uncertainty theories, typically possibility theory, belief functions and imprecise probabilities share a common feature with modal logic: the duality properties between possibility and necessity measures, belief and plausibility functions as well as between upper and lower probabilities extend the duality between possibility and necessity modalities to the graded environment. It has been shown that the all-or-nothing version of possibility theory can be exactly captured by a minimal epistemic logic (MEL) that uses a very small fragment of the KD modal logic, without resorting to relational semantics. Independently, a belief function logic has been obtained by extending the modal logic S5 to probabilistic graded modalities using Łukasiewicz logic, albeit using relational semantics. This paper shows that a simpler belief function logic can be devised by adding Łukasiewicz logic on top of MEL. It allows for a more natural semantics in terms of Shafer basic probability assignments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effect of melatonin (MEL) application on pepper plants grown in calcareous environments at different growth stages. High pH negatively affects mineral nutrient uptake. The possible effects of exogenous MEL application on mineral nutrient uptake were investigated in pepper plants exposed to pH stress. In the experiment, the Miray pepper cultivar seedlings were used, and 0 and 5 μM MEL were applied to the seedlings at the stage of 4 full leaves. Two days after application, seedlings were planted in 5‑liter pots to which 0, 1, and 4% agricultural lime (CaCO3) were added to the 1:1 (w:w) peat: perlite mixture. Leaf and root samples were taken twice, 30 days (flowering stage) and 90 days (fruiting stage) after transplanting the seedlings from plants planted in MEL treated and added lime medium. In these samples, there are vegetative growth criteria (plant height, leaf area, fresh and dry weight), some biochemical properties (total phenolic, proline, malondialdehyde, chlorophyll, and anthocyanin), and some biochemical properties (total phenolic, some mineral matter contents) were studied. In general, the negative effects of lime application on vegetative growth were mitigated by applying MEL. It was determined that plant height increased with MEL application and ranged from 42.89 cm (1 Ca‑5 MEL) to 25.11 cm (4 Ca‑0 MEL) at the flowering stage. The leaf area increased from 467.60 cm2/plant (4 Ca‑0 MEL) to 1098.23 cm2/plant (1Ca‑5 MEL). The application of MEL decreased the proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, while the chlorophyll and anthocyanin contents increased. Examining the applications in terms of mineral matter uptake in general, the P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, and Mn contents in leaves increased during flowering. The P, K, Mg, Cu, and Fe contents in roots increased with the 1% Ca and MEL applications. According to the test results, applying MEL in calcareous environments positively affects plant growth by regulating plant growth, improving biochemical properties, and regulating the uptake of mineral nutrients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under physiological and pathological conditions, melatonin (MEL) can regulate microRNA (miRNA) expression. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulatory effects of MEL on miRNAs in ovaries are not understood. Firstly, by using fluorescence in situ hybridisation, we found that in ovaries and follicular granulosa cells (FGCs), MT1 co-located with miR-21 and let-7b. Additionally, immunofluorescence revealed that MT1, STAT3, c-MYC and LIN28 proteins co-located. The mRNA and protein levels of STAT3, c-MYC and LIN28 increased under treatment with 10−7 M MEL. MEL induced an increase in miR-21 and a decrease in let-7b. The LIN28/let-7b and STAT3/miR-21 axes are related to cell differentiation, apoptosis and proliferation. We explored whether the STAT3/c-MYC/LIN28 pathway was involved in miRNA regulation by MEL to explore the putative mechanism of the above relationship. AG490, an inhibitor of the STAT3 pathway, was added before MEL treatment. AG490 inhibited the MEL-induced increases in STAT3, c-MYC, LIN28 and MT1 and changes in miRNA. Through live-cell detection, we discovered that MEL enhanced the proliferation of FGCs. However, the ki67 protein levels decreased when AG490 was added in advance. Furthermore, the dual-luciferase reporter assay verified that STAT3, LIN28 and MT1 were target genes of let-7b. Furthermore, STAT3 and SMAD7 were target genes of miR-21. In addition, the protein levels of the STAT3, c-MYC, LIN28 and MEL receptors decreased when let-7b was overexpressed in FGCs. Overall, MEL might regulate miRNA expression through the STAT3 pathway. In addition, a negative feedback loop between the STAT3 and miR-21 formed; MEL and let-7b antagonized each other in FGCs. These findings may provide a theoretical basis for improving the reproductive performance of Tibetan sheep through MEL and miRNAs. • The co-expression of MT1/miR-21, MT1/let-7b, MT1/STAT3, STAT3/c-MYC and c-MYC/LIN28 in Tibetan sheep FGCs was illustrated by using IF and FISH. • FGCs were treated with different concentrations of MEL. Under treatment with 10−7 M MEL, miR-21 and STAT3, c-MYC and LIN28 proteins increased, whereas let-7b decreased. • AG490 pretreatment counteracted the effects of MEL on miR-21, let-7b and STAT3/c-MYC/LIN28. • Dual-luciferase reporter assay verified that STAT3 was a target gene of miR-21 and let-7b. In FGCs, a negative feedback loop formed between STAT3 and miR-21. A self-inhibiting axis between let-7b and MEL was formed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Innotec is the property of Laboratorio Tecnologico del Uruguay and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: There are limited data in the relationship between the minimal erythema dose (MED) of 308‐nm monochromatic excimer light (MEL) and 311‐nm Narrowband UVB (NB‐UVB). Objective: To establish a predictive model of the relationship between MEDs of both wavelengths. Methods: An MED test was performed on the back of 40 healthy Thai volunteers. One side was irradiated with 308‐nm MEL, and the opposite side was irradiated with 311‐nm NB‐UVB. The correlation and a predictive model of the relationships were then analyzed. Results: There was a positive correlation in the MED of both wavelengths (r = 0.82, p < 0.001). A predicted MED of 308‐nm MEL was based on Y = 62.421 + 0.439X, where Y and X were a predicted MED of 308‐nm MEL and an actual 311‐nm NB‐UVB, respectively. This model could predict an MED of 308‐nm MEL by using an actual MED of 311‐nm NB‐UVB with a root mean square difference of 13.64%, and a mean bias difference of 0.63%. Limitation: All volunteers were Fitzpatrick's skin phototype type IV. The predictive model might not generalize to other skin phototypes. Conclusion: We established a predictive model of the relationship between MED of 308‐nm MEL and 311‐nm NB‐UVB with acceptable accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of digital platforms opens up the possibilities to scale up and strengthen interventions in the field of early childhood development, but also entails challenges regarding engagement, connectivity, or digital literacy. In this paper, we describe and critically assess the use of Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning (MEL) to guide the process of digitalization undergone by aeioTU, a well-established Colombian organization working in the early childhood development ecosystem, to improve and scale up their educational practices. We reflect from the organization’s perspective on two phases of this process: the creation of a digital learning community to share aeioTU’s educational knowledge and experience, and the expansion of this learning community to become a network aimed toward the development of collaborative relationships and the co-creation of knowledge. From a policy viewpoint, three main learnings are obtained from this process: start with the needs from the local communities; use digital tools already available, and embrace technology without compromising the organization’s core values.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a competitividade do cluster do mel de abelha em Santana do Livramento – RS, nona maior produtora de mel do Brasil. O modelo teórico utilizado foi o proposto por Zaccarelli et al. (2008), em que os autores sugerem onze fundamentos para o estudo da competitividade em clusters. Nove destes fundamentos são de ocorrência natural e espontânea em clusters, e dois que dependem de ação de governança. Esta pesquisa classifica-se como qualitativa e descritiva. O levantamento de dados se deu através de fontes primárias, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, e secundárias, através na análise de documentos de fontes governamentais, acadêmicas e de associações privadas. Como resultado, concluiu-se que está presente a maioria dos fundamentos de competitividade de cluster no aglomerado do mel de Santana do Livramento - RS. Ademais, a análise de cada fundamento proporcionou um retrato detalhado das características que tornam a produção do mel neste cluster competitiva.

Background and objectivesEarly Childhood Development is high on the policy agenda in Côte d’Ivoire, where the government has identified it as part of its overall approach to improve human capital outcomes. This paper describes a multi-partner approach to piloting, monitoring, adaption, testing and scaling of parental training for ECD. It discusses the learnings from the pilots, and present early evaluation results from two RCTs, focusing on parental participation in trainings and acceptability of messages, with the objective to inform national scaling strategies. As such, this paper illustrates how “MEL systems contributed to ensuring that positive early childhood development (ECD) outcomes were improved as interventions were seeking to achieve scale,” one of the research questions outlined in the call description for the special issue. The paper further provides a real-world example of “How MEL systems can support contributions and buy-in from a variety of stakeholders as ECD interventions (seek to) achieve impacts at scale (e.g., through the public system)?MethodsFive training approaches to improve caregivers’ knowledge and practices around nutrition, preventive health, stimulation, and disciplining were piloted at small scale between 2018 and 2020. An intensive process evaluation was embedded to identify strengths and weaknesses, adapt through an iterative phase, and ultimately make recommendations for their scale up against 11 defined criteria. In early 2021, the two most promising approaches were scaled through two clustered randomized control trials to more than 150 villages each. A cost-effectiveness study was designed in consultation with government stakeholders, centered around targeting different caregivers and decision makers in the household and the extended family and on enhancing community interactions around ECD.ResultsThe evaluation of the five pilots identified one model recommended to be scaled, and one other model to scale after further adaptations. Monitoring and evaluation data from the two models at scale show high levels of participation and acceptability of core messages. Experimental variations involving community champions and fathers increase participation.ConclusionThe iterative and multi-partner process led to two models of parenting training that have wide acceptability. Future work will analyze impacts on cognitive and socio-emotional outcomes, together with cost analysis.

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar possíveis adulterações por adição de açúcares ou dextrinas em méis comercializados no município de Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, além de realizar análise da conformidade de rotulagem. Para tal, foram utilizadas dez diferentes marcas analisadas em duplicatas, perfazendo o total de 20 amostras. Este estudo buscou detectar fraude por presença de amido e dextrinas, bem como verificar a adequação das informações expostas no rótulo. Foi utilizada a prova do Lugol, onde a presença de glicose comercial ou xarope de açúcar, provocou a alteração da coloração de marrom-avermelhada à azul. Os resultados foram positivos para fraude por adição de açúcares comerciais em ambas amostras duplicatas de duas marcas entre as analisadas. Em relação às análises de rotulagem, oito rótulos apresentavam descumprimento em pelo menos um parâmetro avaliado. Apenas duas das dez marcas analisadas apresentaram concordância com à legislação em sua integralidade. Portanto, torna-se necessária uma melhoria significativa na fiscalização sanitária destes alimentos, considerando, principalmente, que os mesmos possuem selo de inspeção.

O artigo tem como objetivo relatar as experiências e vivências durante o desenvolvimento do projeto de extensão “Apicultura na caatinga: uma atividade produtiva, inclusiva e ecoeducativa”, o projeto contou com apoio institucional da PROExC/UFRPE, e visou, durante o período da pandemia de COVID-19, disponibilizar e viabilizar a capacitação teórica online em apicultura a agricultores da base familiar do sertão pernambucano. As capacitações foram realizadas de forma remota (online) por meio de videoaulas gravadas, encontros ao vivo para debate sobre os temas abordados durante o curso e disponibilização de material didático aos participantes. Sessenta e três (63) produtores rurais dos municípios de Arcoverde e Ibimirim foram capacitados e certificados em apicultura ao final desse projeto. Baseado nos relatos dos próprios apicultores, essa capacitação teórica online sobre apicultura promoveu uma inclusão produtiva às comunidades agrícolas, melhoria da capacidade produtiva e econômica dos produtores rurais por meio da exploração racional dos produtos das abelhas.

A series of catalysts based on hybrid intergrowth structure zeolites MFI-MEL, MFI-MTW, and MFI-MCM-41 are studied in the reaction of olefins synthesis from dimethyl ether at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 340 °C. The total acidity of hybrid zeolite-based catalysts is shown to correlate with their activity. However, the use of zeolite with the structure MFI-MCM-41, which is characterized by a high content of medium acid sites, additionally catalyzes the methanol dehydration reaction, resulting in a decrease in the observed DME conversion. The obtained product distributions are brought into correlation with the texture of catalysts. It is shown that the use of hybrid zeolites does not change the mechanism of reaction, but the structural features of zeolites influence the priority of the competing MTO reactions: high ethylene yield is observed for catalysts with high micropore volume. The topology of the hybrid zeolite has been shown to influence the hydrogen transfer reaction rate, but not to change the isomerizing activity of the catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the absence of industry data, organisms, and researchers leverage free and available data, specifically building and demolition permits. Geospatial processing is essential to integrate information from various files into a single GIS layer containing all relevant attributes for analysis. This article proposes a Geographic Information System (GIS) processing model aimed at monitoring construction and demolition dynamics in the European metropolis of Lille to quantify the urban production of mineral waste from buildings. Author methodology is based on that that the deposit potential can be analyzed using the observation of the spatiotemporal dynamics of building and demolition permits. The results demonstrate that combining construction and demolition (C&D) permits with other GIS layers allows us to produce data to quantify demolition surfaces per year in a given French area. The applicability of this methodology extends to all French regions, providing insights into the impact of crises on deconstruction activities and C&D waste generation. The study focuses on C&D French public data bases (French government and European Metropolis of Lille) attributed to the region (area) of the European Metropolis of Lille (MEL) between 2013 and 2022. Some data for 2022 were incomplete due to ongoing treatment, emphasizing the importance of understanding the dynamics of demolition rates or surfaces to identify data gaps or errors. Historical trajectories of C&D permits were quantified and analyzed, revealing over 21,000 permits granted from 2013 to 2022, categorized by site type (new construction, rehabilitations, prior declarations, and demolitions). Construction sites during this period covered approximately 3,345,948 m2, constituting 20% of the MEL’s building stock, while demolition sites amounted to 1,977,911 m2, equivalent to 5% of the total area of buildings in the metropolis. Employing GIS allowed for a spatial analysis, visualizing data by municipality, urban fabric, and year. The analysis highlighted territories with high and low potential for demolition and construction, as well as the most impacted urban fabrics and dynamic periods. The article discusses potential crisis impacts (e.g., COVID-19 or economic downturns) and the implications of incomplete data. Finally, the study demonstrates how these findings can be utilized to quantify C&D waste, leveraging GIS and the production rate calculation method (GRC).

Women continue to be underrepresented and less visible in the fields of science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM). 500 Women Scientists created and launched in January 2018 a global (>140 countries to date), online, open-access directory of women in STEMM fields. This directory—recently renamed gage—now also includes gender diverse persons (i.e., additional underrepresented genders) in STEMM fields. The purpose of the directory is to make these scientists’ expertise easier to locate and access for conference organizers, journalists, policy makers, educators, and others. Here, we undertake an assessment of the directory using surveys, Google Analytics, and focus groups to understand its efficacy and direction to date and identify future improvements we pledge to undertake. Through this assessment—conducted externally and in accordance with privacy protocols by Concolor Research—we identified who and how people are using our directory, why people signed up to be a resource, and areas for improvement. Through such assessment, we can learn how to enhance the directory’s efficacy and our broader efforts to boost the visibility of underrepresented people in STEMM.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a forma de governança do cluster do mel em Santana do Livramento. Para tal, realiza-se um estudo de caso. Os dados foram coletados a partir de entrevistas semi-estruturadas e interpretados pela análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicam que a governança possui estrutura heterárquica; fragilidade na função de coordenação do agrupamento; objetivos como o associativismo, a criação de um novo entreposto e de uma cooperativa; mecanismo pelo contrato formal e informal. Os principais agentes de governança são os fornecedores, os apicultores e a Associação Santanense de Apicultores (ASA); são requisitos o espírito colaborativo, por parte da diretoria, e a confiança, para alguns entrevistados, mas também há desunião no grupo. De forma geral, sugere-se o fortalecimento das relações entre os agentes do cluster.

Pineal gland and ATP protects injured brain – a first stage protector of brain structures distant from injured areas. [Display omitted] • Focal brain cell death was mimicked by injecting ATP in the right lateral ventricle. • Pineal ATP low-affinity P2X7 receptor activation blocks NAS into MEL conversion. • High ATP dose turns NAS into a second darkness hormone. • CSF NAS is converted into MEL in the cortex, but not in the cerebellum. • ATP modulation is part of a neuroprotective mechanism in areas far from the injury. The pineal gland is a key player in surveillance and defense responses. In healthy conditions, nocturnal circulating melatonin (MEL) impairs the rolling and adhesion of leukocytes to the endothelial layer. Fungi, bacteria, and pro-inflammatory cytokines block nocturnal pineal MEL synthesis, facilitating leukocyte migration to injured areas. ATP is a cotransmitter of the noradrenergic signal and potentiates noradrenaline (NAd)-induced MEL synthesis via P2Y 1 receptor (P2Y 1 R) activation. Otherwise, ATP low-affinity P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) activation impairs N-acetylserotonin (NAS) into MEL conversion in NAd incubated pineals. Here we mimicked a focal increase of ATP by injecting low (0.3 and 1.0 µg) and high (3.0 µg) ATP in the right lateral ventricle of adult rats. Nocturnal pineal activity mimicked the in culture data. Low ATP doses increased MEL output, while high ATP dose and the P2X7R agonist BzATP (15.0–50.0 ng) increased NAS pineal and blood content. In the brain, the response was structure-dependent. There was an increase in cortical and no change in cerebellar MEL. These effects were mediated by changes in the expression of coding genes to synthetic and metabolizing melatonergic enzymes. Thus, the pineal gland plays a role as a first-line structure to respond to the death of cells inside the brain by turning NAS into the darkness hormone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MFI and MEL zeolites with different crystal sizes and close Si/Al ratios were synthesized by hydrothermal crystallization. The crystal size was controlled by tuning the template content in the reaction mixture. The resultant zeolites were coated with Pt (1 wt %) by incipient wetness impregnation. The catalytic performance of the catalysts prepared was evaluated in n-hexadecane dewaxing. Zeolites Pt-MEL and Pt-MFI with larger crystals exhibit lower catalytic activity due to diffusion limitations. The crystal size, as well as the structure of the zeolite (MEL or MFI), do not significantly affect the product distribution in the n-hexadecane dewaxing reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to analyze the particularities and challenges of the honey production chain in a municipality located in the northwest region of Rio Grande do Sul. The study is an exploratory, qualitative study in the form of a case study. The main actors in the honey production chain were interviewed, these being representatives of entities active in the environment and beekeepers in the municipality, totaling eight respondents. Concomitant with the semi-structured interviews carried out, in order to deepen the case, the observation and construction of a field diary was also carried out. It was found that the interviewees demonstrate different perceptions regarding the competitiveness dimensions of the honey production chain in the municipality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Os produtos apícolas são mel, cera, própolis, geleia real, pólen e apitoxina. O Brasil é um dos maiores exportadores de mel de abelha, devido a grande variedade de flora e clima tropical. Para garantir a inocuidades dos produtos apícolas é necessário a presença de um responsável técnico no estabelecimento e na fiscalização do serviço de inspeção. O objetivo é conhecer o ponto de vista da população sobre os produtos apícolas no estado de Sergipe, e seu entendimento da importância de consumir um produto que passou por um serviço de inspeção, seus hábitos de consumo e onde ele é adquirido. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de um aplicativo intitulado de Software Aplicativo Google Docs com a elaboração de perguntas e foi compartilhada majoritariamente por meio de aplicativos de mensagens e depois colhidas as informações para análise. Os resultados foram de 163 questionários respondidos por sergipanos, no qual a maioria diz conhecer sobre a importância de adquirir produtos apícolas que tem inspeção e o responsável técnico. O consumo de mel, segundo a maioria é baixo, mas consideram o sabor o mais atrativo apesar de os valores e o hábito hoje dificultarem o crescimento nas vendas. O produto mais consumido é o mel e o supermercado é o local onde as pessoas mais compram esses produtos.

Animate nouns can be divided into three groups: (1) prototypical human nouns, (2) non-prototypical human nouns, and (3) nouns denoting animals. Note that the size of different zones in the table does not reflect the real number of nouns in each class: most nouns are inanimate (column 4); columns 1 and 3 also correspond to relatively large groups of nouns, whereas the number of nouns in column 2 (if potential diminutives and augmentatives are not taken into account) is relatively small. In (12d, e, f), the controlling nouns are inanimate; the agreement prefix in the numeral repeats an initial fragment of the controlling noun; in (12e, f), this initial fragment is not a prefix but simply the initial consonant of the root. Landuma shows agreement in animacy (a clearly semantic factor) and, for inanimate nouns, I radical alliterative agreement i , a type of agreement conditioned by phonology: the first phoneme of the agreement prefix is conditioned by the first phoneme of the controlling noun. Keywords: agreement; Landuma; Mel; radical alliterative agreement EN agreement Landuma Mel radical alliterative agreement 83 118 36 09/13/22 20220501 NES 220501 1 Introduction The principal goal of this paper is to describe agreement in the Landuma language (Mel < Niger-Congo; see Section 3 for more information). [Extracted from the article]

Honey is a supersaturated food produced by bees, most commonly by the genus Apis, composed of glucose and fructose. Before transformed into commercial honey, the substance undergoes several enzymatic actions for its maturation and conservation, starting right from the capture of nectar by the bees, and reaching the combs in the hive. Honey is known for its sweetening and caloric properties; antibacterial, antifungal, and healing properties; protection against gastrointestinal diseases, and probiotics. Therefore, this study seeks to analyze the physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of samples obtained from farmer’s markets at Lençóis Paulista/SP. Five samples were analyzed by disc diffusion method in Mueller Hinton, with three bacteria of choice (S. aureus, P.aeruginosa, and E.coli). The antimicrobial tests showed that antimicrobial responses are incipient; however, further studies are necessary to prove it. Physicochemical analysis results indicate all the samples are safe for consumption, according to what is regulated by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) are natural glycolipids that possess biosurfactant properties and are abundantly produced by Pseudozyma sp. Due to their specific characteristics, such as biodegradability and low toxicity, MELs have attracted significant interest as an alternative to petroleum-based surfactants in medical and cosmetic fields. The present study describes a novel expression system and optimal transformation conditions of Pseudozyma sp. SY16 for producing MELs. The hygromycin resistance gene under the control of Deinococcus radiodurans-derived Kat1 promoter was used as selection marker and the superfolder green fluorescent protein under the control of the yeast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter was used for confirming successful expression. Using this expression system, several transformants overexpressing genes related to MEL production, including emt1, mmf1, and mat1, were generated. Among them, MMF1-2 strain exhibited an MEL yield of 27.9 g/L, which was 31.6% higher than that of the wild-type strain. Altogether, this study demonstrates that engineered yeast strains hold potential for large-scale production of MELs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beekeeping has stood out as an important economic activity for the Brazilian Northeast, contributing to the generation of family income and work for men in the fields. The objective of this study was to identify the main methods used for beekeeping in Campo Maior, Piauí to evaluate their strengths and weaknesses and improve the economic and agronomic viability. The study methodology involved a qualitative-quantitative approach using semi-structured interviews and forms with ten members of the Association of Campo Maior Beekeepers (APICAM) between July and August 2019. The data was analyzed through descriptive statistics and content analysis, and a SWOT analysis was used (strengths, opportunities, weaknesses and threats). Based on the data obtained, it was identified that beekeeping operations have an average of 2.5 workers, with most family-operated. The ranges of honey production between 251 and 1000 kg in year-1 are highlighted, depending on the productivity values of each hive. The main benefit APICAM members have in the market is higher value product due to superior sustainability and organic production. The main problems with beekeeping is limited management of production costs and fluctuations in the price of honey in the market. To enhance beekeeping in the region there is a need for public initiatives stimulating production and economic efficiency and promoting sustainable organic honey production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hoje, mais do que necessário, é fundamental para a sobrevivência, do campo e das explorações que se integre os jovens no processo produtivo, o que fará o setor crescer com mais competência tecnológica e dinamismo. A apicultura, especialmente, é uma notória atividade que se presta maravilhosamente a essa integração. Muitas vezes, uma atividade complementar, agroecológica e até, em algu mas propriedades, a maior geradora de renda, não pode ficar de fora desse planejamento. Fazer apicultura sem a participação dos jovens é não apostar na sucessão evolutiva da atividade em nível de propriedade, comunidade e nação

A apicultura vem se destacando como uma importante atividade econômica para o Nordeste brasileiro, contribuindo para geração de renda familiar e fixação do homem no campo. E para o fortalecimento dessa cadeia produtiva, objetivou-se com o presente estudo identificar os principais aspectos da apicultura realizada em Campo Maior, Piauí, no que tange as suas forças, fraquezas, ameaças, oportunidades e perfil do apicultor. Para realização do estudo, utilizou-se abordagem quali-quantitativa, com uso de entrevista semiestruturada e aplicação de formulários a dez integrantes da Associação de Apicultores de Campo Maior (APICAM) entre os meses de julho e agosto de 2019. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e análise de conteúdo, sendo elaborada a Matriz FOFA (forças, oportunidades, fraquezas e ameaças). Com base nos dados obtidos, os apicultores possuem em média 2,5 mãos de obra, sendo esta predominantemente familiar. Destacam-se as faixas de produção de mel entre 251 e 1000 kg ano-1, conforme os valores de produtividade de cada colmeia. Os aspectos positivos nos associados da APICAM é a percepção da sustentabilidade e a produção orgânica, que valoriza o produto. De negativo, destacam-se as deficiências na gestão dos custos de produção e as oscilações do preço do mel no mercado. Para potencializar a apicultura na região, há a necessidade de iniciativas públicas que estimulem e promovam o seu fortalecimento.

Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) are glycolipid biosurfactants produced by fungi of the Ustilaginaceae family in the presence of hydrophobic carbon sources like plant oils. In the present study,we investigated the structural composition of MELs produced from castor oil using seven different microorganisms and compared them to MEL structures resulting fromother plant oils. Castor oil is an industrially relevant plant oil that presents as an alternative to currently employed edible plant oils like rapeseed or soybean oil. The main fatty acid in castor oil is the mono-hydroxylated ricinoleic acid, providing the possibility to produce novel MEL structures with interesting features. Analysis of the produced MELs from castor oil by different chromatographic and mass spectrometry techniques revealed that all seven microorganisms were generally able to integrate hydroxylated fatty acids into the MEL molecule, although at varying degrees. These novel MELs containing a hydroxy fatty acid (4-O-[2'-O-alka(e)noyl-3'-O-hydroxyalka(e)noyl-4'/6'-O-acetyl-β- D-mannopyranosyl]-erythritol) were more hydrophilic than conventional MEL and therefore showed a different elution behavior in chromatography. Large shares of novel hydroxy MELs (around 50% of total MELs) were found for the two MEL-B/C producing species Ustilago siamensis and Ustilago shanxiensis, but also for the MEL-A/B/C producer Moesziomyces aphidis (around 25%). In addition, triacylated hydroxylated MELs with a third long-chain fatty acid esterified to the free hydroxyl group of the hydroxy fatty acid were identified for some species. Overall, production of MEL from castor oil with the investigated organisms provided a complex mixture of various novel MEL structures that can be exploited for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Producao Online is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Engenharia de Producao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Maternal obesity might induce obesity and metabolic alterations in the progeny. The study aimed to determine the effect of supplementing obese mothers with Mel (Mel) on thermogenesis and inflammation. C57BL/6 female mice (mothers) were fed from weaning to 12 weeks control diet (C, 17% kJ as fat) or a high-fat diet (HF, 49% kJ as fat) and then matted with male mice fed the control diet. Melatonin (10 mg/kg daily) was supplemented to mothers during gestation and lactation, forming the groups C, CMel, HF, and HFMel (n = 10/group). Twelve-week male offspring were studied (plasma biochemistry, immunohistochemistry, protein, and gene expressions at the hypothalamus - Hyp, subcutaneous white adipose tissue - sWAT, and interscapular brown adipose tissue - iBAT). Comparing HFMel vs. HF offspring, fat deposits and plasmatic proinflammatory markers decreased. Also, HFMel showed decreased Hyp proinflammatory markers and neuropeptide Y (anabolic) expression but improved proopiomelanocortin (catabolic) expression. Besides, HFMel sWAT adipocytes changed to a beige phenotype with-beta-3 adrenergic receptor and uncoupling protein-1 activation, concomitant with browning genes activation, triggering the iBAT thermogenic activity. In conclusion, compelling evidence indicated the beneficial effects of supplementing obese mothers with Mel on the health of their mature male offspring. Mel led to sWAT browning-related gene enhancement, increased iBAT thermogenis, and mitigated hypothalamic inflammation. Also, principal component analysis of the data significantly separated the untreated obese mother progeny from the progeny of treated obese mothers. If confirmed in humans, the findings encourage a future guideline recommending Mel supplementation during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Melatonin supplemented to obese mothers benefits their adult male offspring: mitigating hypothalamic proinflammatory cytokines, activating browning in subcutaneous adipose tissue, and reducing whitening in interscapular brown adipose tissue (arrow-up means to increase, and arrow-down means to decrease). Abbreviations: Adrb3, Adrenergic receptor-beta 3; Bmp8b, Bone morphogenetic protein 8b; Cidea, Cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor-alpha subunit-like effector A; Cpt1b, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1b; iBAT, interscapular brown adipose tissue; MT1, Melatonin receptor 1; MT2, Melatonin receptor 1B; NFKB, Nuclear factor-kappa B; NPY, Neuropeptide Y; Nrf1, Nuclear respiratory factor 1; POMC, Pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha; Ppara, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha. Pparg, Peroxisome Proliferator-activated receptor-gamma; Ppargc1a, peroxisome proliferative activated receptor,-gamma, coactivator 1-alpha; Prdm16, PR domain containing 16; sWAT, subcutaneous white adipose tissue; Tfam, Transcription factor A, mitochondrial; Ucp1, Uncoupling protein-1; Vegfa, Vascular endothelial growth factor A. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Follicular atresia in chickens reduces the number of follicles that can further develop, leading to decrease egg laying. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) can initiate a unique pathway inducing the apoptosis of follicular granulosa cells, thus reducing egg laying. Melatonin (MEL) is involved in the regulation of follicle development, ovulation, and oocyte maturation, and is closely related to follicle fate. Mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway plays an important role in cell growth regulation, and that there is a possible crosstalk between melatonin and mTOR activity in granular cells maturation and ovulation. This study aimed to investigate whether MEL inhibits ERS and follicular granulosa cell apoptosis by regulating ATF4 to activate mTOR signaling pathway in chickens. Frist, we established an in vitro ERS cell model using tunicamycin (TM). The results showed that different concentrations of TM exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of cell activity and induction of granulosa cells (P <0.01). Therefore, we chose 5 µg/mL of TM and a treatment time for 6 h as the optimal concentration for the following experiments. Then we investigate whether melatonin can inhibit ERS. TM treatment decreased the cell viability and Bcl-2 expression, increasing ROS levels and the mRNA expression of Grp78, ATF4, CHOP, PERK, eIF-2α , and BAX (P <0.01), whereas TM+MEL treatment significantly inhibited these changes (P <0.01). Then we explored whether melatonin protects follicular granulosa cells from ERS-induced apoptosis through the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway by regulating ATF4, we found that ATF4 knockdown inhibited ERS by decreasing the expression of ERS-related genes and proteins and activating mTOR signaling pathway by increasing the protein expression of p4E-BP1 and pT389-S6K (P <0.001), while these changes were promoted by TM+si-ATF4+MEL treatment (P <0.01). These results indicate that MEL could alleviate TM-induced ERS by regulating ATF4 to activate mTOR signaling pathway in follicular granulosa cells, thus providing a new perspective for prolonging the laying cycle in chickens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumo Consumidores têm demonstrado mais atenção à qualidade e à funcionalidade dos alimentos consumidos em razão do aumento da incidência de doenças inflamatórias intestinais, cardiovasculares, hipertensão arterial, diabetes mellitus II, obesidade, cânceres, principalmente aquelas relacionadas à intolerância à lactose e à alergia às proteínas do leite bovino e da soja. Neste estudo, de forma inédita, foram elaboradas e caracterizadas bebidas probióticas à base de extrato de arroz. As bebidas fermentadas com extrato de arroz (BA) foram desenvolvidas com a inoculação de microrganismos Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus thermophilus e Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis, adoçadas com diferentes tipos de substratos, como sacarose, glicose e mel, e caracterizadas por análises físico-químicas e microbiológicas. Menos tempo de fermentação (nove horas) foi alcançado com a adição do inóculo SAB 440 (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus thermophilus e Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis) e da glicose e mel como substratos nas bebidas de extrato de arroz. Todas as bebidas foram caracterizadas como probióticas porque a contagem de células viáveis foi superior a 106 UFC mL-1. Cabe ressaltar que o valor energético pode se enquadrar como baixo, tendo o conteúdo lipídico sido inferior a 0,03%, o que classifica essas bebidas fermentadas como livres de gordura, de acordo com a legislação brasileira vigente. A funcionalidade de bebidas fermentadas elaboradas pode ser atribuída principalmente à sua característica probiótica. As bebidas desenvolvidas são interessantes para o consumo por pessoas intolerantes à lactose e alérgicas a leite de bovino e soja, pois contêm ingredientes não lácteos.