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Copyright of Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hortscience Journal of Suez Canal University is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To assess the inter-observer variability between readers in the detection of bone metastases for different modalities [planar bone scintigraphy (BS), single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT), and fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) (F-18 FDG PET/CT)]., Methods: Patients with known primary tumors referred for metastatic workup either by F-18 FDG PET/CT or conventional planar BS and SPECT/CT were enrolled in this prospective study. The three modalities (BS, SPECT/CT, and PET/CT) were acquired for each patient. Interpretation was done by two independent nuclear medicine physicians separately and blindly; reader 1 (R1) and reader 2 (R2). A three-point subjective scale was used (1 = negative for bone metastases, 2 = equivocal, and 3 = positive). The findings were compared to the final patient status based on clinical and radiological follow-up for at least 6 months. The Kappa test was used to assess the degree of agreement between readers in their interpretation of each modality., Results: A total of 54 patients (39 females and 15 males, ages 26-76; mean: 54.7 ± 12) were eligible for this study. Fair agreement 0.372 between R1 and R2 in interpretation of BS was noticed that improved to 0.847 after addition of SPECT/CT. Perfect agreement was achieved between R1 and R2 while interpreting PET/CT images (kappa = 0.964, P < 0.001)., Conclusion: F-18 FDG PET/CT significantly improved the inter-observer variability between readers, allowing for better diagnosis of bone metastases in known cancer patients. Also, it was superior to BS and SPECT/CT in the detection of bone metastases., (Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Frost is considered one of the key factors that negatively affects numerous daily life aspects all over the globe such as growth of crops, safety of aviation and transportation vehicles, working efficiency of air circulating systems and many others. Therefore, monitoring and early detection of frost are crucially needed to avoid such drastic effects. In this study, we used the micron gap of our newly developed galvanic coupled arrays named as moisture sensor chip (MSC) for the early detection of frost formation from super-cooled water droplets. The early frost formation was monitored via the tiny ice crystals formed on the cooled MSC surface at four different humidity levels using simultaneous electrochemical and optical microscopic detection tools. Experimental results revealed for the first time a remarkable increase in the detected galvanic current due to the condensation frosting mechanism of super-cooled water droplets via liquid transition transformation even at very low relative humidity which was believed to be responsible for de-sublimation frosting. Moreover, the super-cooled droplets formed ice bridges along their boundary domains due to the accumulation of the acquired water vapour that was evidenced by the release of the heat of solidification. These findings demonstrated that the MSC could be used as a promising platform for the early detection of frost formation considering the appropriate protective measures against its adverse effects., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Hypothesis: Interfacial water plays an essential role in natural phenomena and scientific applications despite causing many economic losses. Therefore, its real monitoring is no question mandatory; however, suitable techniques are quite rare and/or with limitations., Experiments: Moisture Sensor (MS) was used to detect the galvanic response current arising from the stacked interfacial water molecules between two dissimilar electrodes under controlled relative humidity (RH). Simultaneously, the frequency response was detected using QCM sensor as a quantitative tool. Bare and Hydrophilic (HP) sensor surfaces were used to examine the surface wettability. Moreover, sum frequency generation (SFG) was used to investigate the qualitative formation and the nature of stacked interfacial water molecules on bare and HP modified surfaces of quartz prism., Findings: Results revealed that, response current and frequency change were increased as the number of stacked water molecules increased. Correlating response current and frequency gave a clear quantitative estimation of stacked water molecules on the sensors' surfaces. Interfacial water molecules possessed strong H-bonding nature at the bare prism surface whereas, strong and weak H-bonding were existing at the HP/prism surface. Such findings provide feasible evaluation for the galvanic current source due to stacked interfacial water molecules at different levels of RH., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Evaluating the presence of a slight amount of water plays a crucial role in practical applications such as the advanced detection of dew condensation and the microdetermination of perspiration and transpiration. For this purpose, we have developed a configuration for the moisture sensor that consists of a microgalvanic cell composed of narrow metal arrays. It is inferred that the output response current arising from this sensor should depend on the geometric parameters (e.g., number, area, volume, etc.) of water droplets attaching on the sensor surface. In this study, the output current was recorded, while the microscopic images of the sensor surface were captured. The droplets on the sensor surface were analyzed manually and by computational image processing with deep learning and ImageJ. The deep learning technique shortened the processing time to 1/1000 of the manual one and was able to match 90-100% of the manual count. The results revealed that the response current increased with the total projected area of droplets bridging the galvanic-coupled arrays on the sensor surface. In addition, a straight line with relatively strong positive correlation was obtained between the response current and the total volume of the bridging droplets. These findings suggested that our sensor can be practically used to estimate the presence of a slight amount of water., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2021 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Introduction: Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase protein frequently overexpressed in cancer and has been linked to an increase in the stem cell population of tumors, resistance to therapy, and metastatic spread. Pharmacological FAK inhibition in pancreatic cancer has received increased attention over the last few years, either alone or in combination with other therapeutics including chemotherapy and immunotherapy. However, its prognostic value and its role in radioresistance of pancreatic ducal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is unknown., Methods and Materials: Using the TCGA and GTEx databases, we investigated the genetic alterations and mRNA expression levels of PTK2 (the encoding-gene for FAK) in normal pancreatic tissue and pancreatic cancer and its impact on patient survival. Furthermore, we evaluated the expression of FAK and its tyrosine domain Ty-397 in three pancreatic cancer cell lines. We went further and evaluated the role of a commercial FAK tyrosine kinase inhibitor VS-4718 on the viability and radiosensitization of the pancreatic cell lines as well as its effect on the extracellular matrix (ECM) production from the pancreatic stellate cells. Furthermore, we tested the effect of combining radiation with VS-4718 in a three-dimensional (3D) multicellular pancreatic tumor spheroid model., Results: A database analysis revealed a relevant increase in genetic alterations and mRNA expression of the PTK2 in PDAC, which were associated with lower progression-free survival. In vitro, there was only variation in the basal phosphorylation level of FAK in cell lines. VS-4718 radiosensitized pancreatic cell lines only in the presence of ECM-producing pancreatic stellate cells and markedly reduced the ECM production in the stromal cells. Finally, using a 3D multicellular tumor model, the combination of VS-4718 and radiotherapy significantly reduced the growth of tumor aggregates., Conclusion: Pharmacological inhibition of FAK in pancreatic cancer could be a novel therapeutic strategy as our results show a radiosensitization effect of VS-4718 in vitro in a multicellular 2D- and in a 3D-model of pancreatic cancer.

ABSTACT Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the digestive tract. They are believed to originate from the interstitial cells of Cajal or their precursors. Case Report: A 10-day-old boy presented with intestinal obstruction. He was operated upon and a mass was found at the sigmoid colon, which was resected and divided colostomy was performed. The diagnosis of neonatal GIST was confirmed by histologic and immunohistochemical studies. Conclusion: This is the ninth case of neonatal GIST that arose from the intestine and the first reported to arise from the sigmoid colon. Colonic GIST can occur in the neonatal age group.

Monitoring and determination of ultra-trace concentrations of monoamine neurotransmitter such as noradrenaline (NA) in living cells with simple, sensitive and selective assays are significantly interesting. We design NA-electrode sensing system based on C-, N-doped NiO broccoli-like hierarchy (CNNB). The spherical broccoli-head umbrella architectures associated with nano-tubular arrangements enabled to tailor NA biosensor design. The homogenous doping and anisotropic dispersion of CN nanospheres along the entire NB head nanotubes lead to creating of abundant electroactive sites in the interior tubular vessels and outer surfaces for ultrasensitive detection of NA in living cells such as PC12. The CNNB biosensor electrodes showed efficient electrocatalytic activity, enhanced kinetics for electrooxidation of NA, and fast electron-transfer between electrode-electrolyte interface surfaces, enabling synergistic enhancement in sensitivity, and selectivity at a low-detectable concentration of ∼ 6nM and reproducibility of broccoli-shaped NA-electrodes. The integrated CNNB biosensor electrodes showed evidence of monitoring and screening of NA released from PC12 cells under K + ion-extracellular stimulation process. The unique features of CNNB in terms of NA-selectivity among multi-competitive components, long-term stability during the detection of NA may open their practical, in-vitro application for extracellular monoamine neurotransmitters detection in living cells., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Our study aimed to compare three different percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) approaches: culprit-only (COR) and complete (CR) revascularization - categorizing into immediate (ICR) or staged (SCR)., Methods: We searched 13 databases for randomized controlled trials. Articles were included if they compared at least two strategies. To have more studies in each analysis, an adjusted analysis was performed using person-years to incorporate follow-up durations and obtain pooled rate ratios (RR), with their corresponding 95% confidence interval., Results: Thirteen trials were included with a population of 2830 patients. COR significantly increased major adverse cardiac event (MACE) (adjusted RR 1.67, 95% CI: 1.27-2.19) and repeat revascularization (2.12, 1.67-2.69), which was driven by repeat PCI, without any difference in all-cause mortality and myocardial infarction (MI) compared to CR. When categorizing CR into SCR and ICR, the trend repeated with COR increased MACE (1.99, 1.53-2.6 for ICR), cardiovascular mortality (2.06, 1.07-3.96 for ICR), MI for ICR (1.72, 1.04-2.86), repeat revascularization and repeat PCI for both ICR and SCR. Non-cardiovascular mortality, stroke, nephropathy, re-hospitalization, stent thrombosis and bleeding were similar among all approaches., Conclusions: In MVD-STEMI patients, CR is better than COR in terms of MACE, cardiovascular mortality, repeat revascularization with no difference in safety outcomes. There was a trend towards to a reduction of cardiovascular mortality and MI in ICR compared to SCR when each matched with COR; even though there is no statistically significant difference between ICR and SCR when compared together., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized and functionalized with SiO₂ and -NH₂ group, respectively. Conjugation to fluorescently-labeled poly-caspase inhibitor (SR-FLIVO) has been carried out for better cellular uptake studies of apoptosis arising from brain focal cerebral ischemia. Highest conjugation affinity to SR-FLIVO was found to be ca. 80% for Fe₂O₃-SiO-NH₂ functionalized nanoparticles (FNPs). Tracking of SR-FLIVO conjugated functionalized nanoparticles (SR-FLIVO-FNPs) in vivo and in vitro has been carried out and detected using microscopic techniques after histochemical staining methods. Experimental results revealed that SR-FLIVO-FNPs probe could passively cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) and accumulated within the apoptotic cell. Optimization of SR-FLIVO-FNPs probe can effectively promise to open a new era for intracellular drug delivery and brain diagnosis.

Stachybotrys microspora triprenyl phenol-7 (SMTP-7) is a novel fibrinolytic agent with anti-inflammatory effect. Previous study demonstrated that SMTP-7 further ameliorated infarction volume in a mouse embolic stroke model compared with tissue type plasminogen activator (tPA), but the reason SMTP-7 has more beneficial effect than tPA has not yet been determined. In the present study, we investigated whether SMTP-7 has an intrinsic neuroprotective effect against transient focal cerebral ischemia (tFCI). Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to tFCI by intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion for 2h. Following induction of tFCI, rats were randomized into two groups based on the agent administered: SMTP-7 group and vehicle group. We examined cerebral infarction volume 24h after reperfusion, and evaluated superoxide production, the expressions of nitrotyrosine and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), which play major roles in secondary brain injury and hemorrhagic transformation. The findings showed that SMTP-7 significantly suppressed superoxide production, the expression of nitrotyrosine and MMP-9 after tFCI, and consequently attenuated ischemic neuronal damage. These results suggest that SMTP-7 has an intrinsic neuroprotective effect on ischemia/reperfusion injury through the suppression of oxidative stress and MMP-9 activation., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The development of nanofiltration systems would greatly assist in the production of well-defined particles and biomolecules with unique properties. We report a direct, simple synthesis of hexagonal silica nanotubes (NTs), which vertically aligned inside anodic alumina membranes (AAM) by means of a direct templating method of microemulsion phases with cationic surfactants. The direct approach was used as soft templates for predicting ordered assemblies of surfactant/silica composites through strong interactions within AAM pockets. Thus, densely packed NTs were successfully formed in the entirety of the AAM channels. These silica NTs were coated with layers of organic moieties to create a powerful technique for the ultrafine filtration. The resulting modified-silica NTs were chemically robust and showed affinity toward the transport of small molecular particles. The rigid silica NTs inside AAM channels had a pore diameter of

We report a protocol for the direct synthesis of hexagonal silica nanostrands inside anodic alumina membranes using cationic surfactants as templates. When coated with layers of trimethylsilyl moieties, the nanostrands were a powerful tool for the ultrafine filtration of noble metal and semiconductor nanoparticles.