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Background: There has been growing interest in the social-emotional development of children. However, the social-emotional development of children in Asia remains a knowledge gap. This systematic review identifies and summarises existing studies on the social-emotional development of children in Asia. Method: We conducted a systematic review using the Guidelines for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA). This review included primary social-emotional development studies conducted in Asia and published in English. The study findings were entered into Microsoft Excel, and data were summarized quantitatively and thematically. Results: We reviewed 45 studies that met the inclusion criteria, and they were from 12 Asian countries, mostly the East Asia region (China and Hong Kong). Most of the studies were cross-sectional in design (n = 23, 51.1%). The majority of the studies focused on overall social-emotional development (n = 24, 53.3%), followed by social competence (n = 7, 15.6%), emotional development (n = 5, 11.1%), social-emotional learning (n = 3, 6.7%), problem behaviour (n = 3, 6.7%), self-regulation (n = 2, 4.4%), and 1 study (2.2%) focused on both social-emotional learning and problem behaviour. We did not perform the meta-analysis as the study findings were of heterogeneity.Conclusions: Studies on children’s social-emotional development in Asia are limited and mainly from the East Asia region. More diverse cultural studies on the social-emotional functioning of children in Asia are needed to understand children’s social-emotional development in Asia. Finally, parent and teacher knowledge on children’s social-emotional development should also be examined more closely. Systematic review registration: The protocol for this review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021238826).

Suicide has taken the lives of 700,000 population worldwide, and it has caused five deaths per day in Malaysia in recent years. The COVID-19 pandemic has heightened the suicide prevalence because of the lockdown and the deprivation of social connection, making it the second leading death factor for young adults. The researcher will often look into the underlying cause of suicide by measuring suicidal ideation. This study examines the risk and protective factors of suicidal ideation among Malaysian young adults using the 3 Step Theory of Suicide. I am using the parallel mixed design to see the independent interaction of the relationship between psychological pain, hopelessness, and connectedness (e.g., belongingness, sociocultural self-connectedness, religious connectedness) and their association with suicidal ideation. This study will start by adapting, translating, and validating the instruments that will be used. The main study will employ a cross-sectional survey research design to collect data from at least 395 young adults with suicidal ideation. The analysis will include explanation and prediction techniques in Structural Equation Modeling to interpret the data. These findings will produce a highly validated and reliable result on the risk and protective factors of suicidal ideation among young adults in Malaysia. It can help to raise the awareness of suicidal ideation among the scholars, mental health practitioners, and the population.

To examine the effects of isolation, movement restrictions during the pandemic

This is a scoping review to synthesis evidence on the relationship between parenting styles, including internet partenting style, and cyberbullying involvement of children and adolescents (< 19 years old). All types of cyberbullying role (bully, victim, bully-victim and bystander) will be investigated. The objective of this scoping review is to investigate separate dimensions of parenting styles (warmth/ support and demandingness/ control) together with dimensions of internet parenting styles (internet warmth/ support and internet demandingness/ control) to explain adolescent involvement in four different cyberbullying roles (bully, victim, bully-victim, bystander). The second aim is to examine the relationship between parenting styles (authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, neglectfulness) and the emotional, social and behavioural outcomes among youth involved in cyberbullying.

PurposeAcademia is known for its high competitiveness, with prestige and diverse responsibilities and achievements being decisive determinants of success resulting in academic incivility. This paper extends Lazarus and Folkman's theory of stress by examining the moderating role of interpersonal justice (IJ) , as supervisory support, on academics' job satisfaction and depressivity.Design/methodology/approachThe study recruited 185 academics from a public university in Malaysia to participate in a survey. Using the partial least squares- structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis, academic incivility was negatively related to job satisfaction, whilst positively related to depressivity.FindingsAs hypothesized, it was found that the predicted detrimental effect of academic incivility on job satisfaction was buffered by perceiving high IJ from their immediate supervisors, i.e. deans or heads of department. An unanticipated finding was that there was a stronger relationship between academic incivility and depressivity for those academics who perceived high supervisory IJ.Practical implicationsFurther, academic management can formulate and revise zero-incivility policies and promote awareness explaining the detrimental impacts of incivility, despite support systems in academia.Originality/valueThis study provides the first empirical evidence showing the differential impact of supervisory IJ on two conditions of incivility–well-being relationships. Work culture and various sources of incivility should be considered for future research.

A growing scientific literature has examined the predictors of workplace deviance, with much of this research focusing on job attitudes—particularly job satisfaction and organizational commitment—as antecedent variables. Because this research has primarily been conducted within North America, little is known about whether or not the relationships between attitudes and deviance vary across cultures. Thus, in the current research we examined the job attitude-workplace deviance relationship using data collected from workers in four different countries (i.e., China, India, Malaysia, and New Zealand) and meta-analysis. Results for the Malaysian and New Zealand samples indicated that job attitudes were negatively associated with all three measures of workplace deviance. Within the Chinese sample, job satisfaction and organizational commitment were only modestly related to three and two measures of workplace deviance, respectively. Moreover, within the Indian sample, job attitudes were not significantly related to any form of workplace deviance. Finally, the meta-analytic comparisons lent further support to the variability in the job attitude-workplace deviance relationship across cultures.

Studies reported many changes in individuals’ lifestyle, social and coping behaviours in the COVID-19 pandemic, yet little is known about the impact of movement restrictions on individuals’ mental health. We examined the effects of age, socioeconomic status (SES), and movement restrictions alongside individual behaviours on mental health in Malaysia, Iran and Pakistan. A total of 1030 respondents completed a series of questions on lifestyle, social and coping behaviours. Results showed that young adults were more anxious, lonelier, had lower social satisfaction, higher fear of isolation, poorer eating habits and less gratitude compared to middle-aged adults. The individual variance on lifestyle, social and coping behaviours contributed 42.0% in predicting anxiety and another 4.0% was from movement restrictions, age, and SES in our model. This suggests that national guidelines can exert detrimental effect on individual mental health with possible wide-ranging implications on citizens’ mental health for specific age groups.

Trust assessment can be difficult during cross-cultural social and professional interactions. Structured interviews were used to contrast how young adults from three culturally distinct samples evaluate trustworthiness: Malaysia (Chinese), an Asian group; Panama, a Latin American group; and the United States, a Western group. The role of context in trust judgments (e.g., school, work, social encounters, encounters with strangers, encounters with danger) on the assessment of trustworthiness was examined. Findings affirm the importance of Mayer’s constructs of ability, benevolence, and integrity—but benevolence and integrity appeared more often than expected in the U.S. sample and less often than expected in the Chinese/Malaysian sample. Hofstede’s power distance variable was frequently cited by the Chinese/Malaysian sample and less often by the U.S. sample. H. A. Klein’s cultural lens model includes affect, cited most by the Panamanians; nonverbal communication, cited least by the U.S. and most by the Chinese/Malaysian samples; and dialectical reasoning, cited most by the Chinese/Malaysian sample and hardly at all by the U.S. sample. The results document the important role of context for assessing trust. These results illustrate the risks of assuming that other cultures make judgments such as trust assessments the way that Western cultures do.

BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic compelled many countries including Malaysia to impose movement restrictions to curb spreading the virus. Evidence shows that prolonged isolation has negative effects on both physical and mental health. OBJECTIVE Our aims were to examine (1) the mediating effect of perceived social isolation (SI) and fear of social isolation (FSI) on the relationship between gratitude and anxiety, and (2) to explore the moderating effect of age, education and socioeconomic status on the mediation model. METHODS We collected data from 427 participants currently living in Malaysia during the movement restriction order (Mage = 37.90, SD = 16.51, 313 females) from an online survey containing questions pertaining to isolation and gratitude. RESULTS Our mediation analysis showed that gratitude has a positive effect on overcoming anxiety as it also lowers feelings of SI and FSI (B = -.229, β = .128, bootstrap SE = .049, 95% bootstrap CI = [-.332, -.138]). The moderated mediation analyses revealed the indirect effect of gratitude on anxiety through SI was significant for young adults (B = -.148, β = .083, 95% bootstrap CI [-.274, -.042]) and middle-aged (B = -.099, β = -.055, 95% bootstrap CI [-.177, -.033]) but not for older adults (B = -.026, β = -.015, 95% bootstrap CI [-.129, .047]). Results were similar for FSI in that it was significant for middle aged and not significant for older adults (all CIs does not include zero). However the mediation effect was not significant for young adults (B = -.020, β = -.011, 95% bootstrap CI [-.066, .016]). When we examined the moderating effect of education and SES in the parallel mediation model, results showed that the mediation effect of SI and FSI for those with lower levels of education was significant for all SES levels (all CIs did not contain zero). As for those with medium levels of education, the conditional indirect effect of SI and FSI was significant only for low and medium levels of SES but not for high SES. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the importance of having some coping mechanism and social connection during the pandemic to have higher wellbeing and quality of life, especially for middle-aged sample and people from low education and SES background. CLINICALTRIAL None

Can humans trust humanoid robots to perform social tasks? Trust is a multifactorial concept with several determinants that influence the interaction between humans and robots. These determinants include factors concerning human, robot, social, and context. To measure human trust in humanoid robots, interactive dialogues were used with subjective measures of general trust embedded in the dialogues. General trust was made up of three components: ability, benevolence, and integrity, each characterized by five attributes. These measures were mapped to objective measures of physiological trust comprising facial expressions, voiced speech, vision-based heart rate, and postural gestures. The purpose was to predict trust from a neural network of psychophysiological criteria. To validate the reliability of trust measures, a series of three experiments was conducted at three levels of interaction: human-human, human-robot and human-robot-human. While the methodology was used to measure human trust in robots, it has potential for measuring robot trust in humans.

Ion-responsive probes have gathered significant attention because of health and environmental factors, but there are few reports on the "turn-on" mechanism of Fe

This paper presents a RASA model for modelling risk attitudes (RA) during tsunami disaster at three levels of situation awareness (SA): perception, comprehension and projection. The study identified human factors that influence risk attitudes on the basis of gender. The RASA data were gathered in a survey conducted in Malaysia among ninety participants (45 males and 45 females). The survey used a 75-item questionnaire to measure RASA on a 7-point rating scale. Patterns of communication by participants with significant others were also identified in terms of who and how they were contacted. The findings showed that Malaysians view and classify a high-risk hazard situation from a broad perspective following holistic thinking. Using the processed data, surveillance drones could be developed to map to the RASA database system. The purpose is to enable communities receive early warning information and evacuate before the tsunami reaches the coastal areas.

4088 Background: GPC3 is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is a promising target for HCC immunotherapy. Earlier phase I trial results demonstrated that second-generation GPC3-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-GPC3) T cells were well tolerated in advanced HCC patients and showed clinical benefits (Shi D, Clin Can Res, 2020). Further preclinical studies showed that CAR-GPC3 T cells combined with multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) were more effective in killing GPC3+ HCC xenografts (Wu X, Mol Ther, 2019), and fourth-generation (4G) CAR-GPC3 T cells co-expressing a transcription factor more effectively killed GPC3+ HCC xenografts. Methods: In this single-arm, open-label, first-in-human phase I trial (NCT03980288), we investigated the safety and antitumor activity of autologous 4G-CAR-GPC3 T cells for GPC3+ heavily pretreated advanced HCC patients. Patients received 4G-CAR-GPC3 T cell infusion(s) after lymphodepletion pretreatment and 67% patients combined with TKIs. Adverse events (AEs) were graded by CTCAE 5.0. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) was graded by American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy criteria (2019). Tumor response was assessed by RECISTv1.1. Results: As of January 30th, 2021, 6 subjects with HBV-related metastatic HCC were enrolled. All had progressed on ≥ 2 lines of systemic therapy, with at least one TKI combined with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy or FOLFOX4 chemotherapy. After lymphodepletion, patients were treated with 1-2 cycles (totaling 2.5–5×108 CAR+ cells) of 4G-CAR-GPC3 T cell therapy. Among them, 1 patient received half dose of sorafenib and 3 patients received half dose of regorafenib along with cell infusion. No dose limiting toxicity (DLT) occurred. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was not observed. No patient withdrew from the trial due to AE. No treatment-related death or neurotoxicity occurred. The most common ≥ grade 3 AEs were hematological toxicity, mainly due to lymphodepletion, and patients recovered within 2 weeks after therapy. All patients developed CRS including 3 at grade 2 and 3 at grade 3. Patients recovered from CRS after tocilizumab therapy with corticosteroid (4 patients) or without. One patient achieved partial response and continued after 18 weeks. The objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 16.7% and 50%, respectively. The median progression free survival (mPFS) was 4.2 months. The median peak CAR-GPC3 copies were 5067 copies/ug gDNA, and CAR-GPC3 copies were detectable on day 28 ranging 113–2071 copies/ug gDNA. Conclusions: Our study is the first to report that 4G-CAR-GPC3 T cell therapy in combination with TKIs has a manageable safety profile while demonstrating potential antitumor activity for heavily pretreated advanced HCC patients; however, CRS should be diligently managed. Clinical trial information: NCT03980288.

Research works on TAM, TAM2, TAM3 and UTAUT has always focused on cognitive aspect of technology acceptance in the past two decades. Acceptance of technologies such as eCommerce, Mobile and ERP that considered emotion and affect are still less. This creates a gap in the technology acceptance research, which consider the role of affect into technology acceptance model. This study considers the role of affect of a knowledge worker that work in Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC)-status organizations in Malaysia on their behavioural intention to use knowledge sharing tools (KS tools) in their day-to-day tasks. Hence,Affective Technology Acceptance (A.T.A) model has been proposed. The behavioural intention on the acceptance of KS tools will be hypothesize in the Affective Technology Acceptance (A.T.A) model. Positive (PA) and Negative (NA) affect as the role of affect construct were introduce in this model to investigate its influence on KS tools usefulness and ease of use among employees in Multimedia Super Corridor organizations. The findings of this study highlighted that NA has no impact on perceive usefulness. The findings also showed that PA has very significant positive influence on PU, PEOU and BI with impact on PEOU being the greatest.

Objective: We examined preferences for different forms of causal explanations for indeterminate situations. Background: Klein and Hoffman distinguished several forms of causal explanations for indeterminate, complex situations: single-cause explanations, lists of causes, and explanations that interrelate several causes. What governs our preferences for single-cause (simple) versus multiple-cause (complex) explanations? Method: In three experiments, we examined the effect of target audience, explanatory context, participant nationality, and explanation type. All participants were college students. Participants were given two scenarios, one regarding the U.S. economic collapse in 2007 to 2008 and the other about the sudden success of the U.S. military in Iraq in 2007. The participants were asked to assess various types of causal explanations for each of the scenarios, with reference to one or more purposes or audience for the explanations. Results: Participants preferred simple explanations for presentation to less sophisticated audiences. Malaysian students of Chinese ethnicity preferred complex explanations more than did American students. The form of presentation made a difference: Participants preferred complex to simple explanations when given a chance to compare the two, but the preference for simple explanations increased when there was no chance for comparison, and the difference between Americans and Malaysians disappeared. Conclusions: Preferences for explanation forms can vary with the context and with the audience, and they depend on the nature of the alternatives that are provided. Application: Guidance for decision-aiding technology and training systems that provide explanations need to involve consideration of the form and depth of the accounts provided as well as the intended audience.

Gene-environment (G &times, E) interactions involving job stress and mental health on risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are minimally explored. This study examined the association and G &times, E interaction effects of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) gene polymorphisms (rs1870377, rs2071559) on cardiometabolic risk in Chinese Malaysian adults. Questionnaires: Job Stress Scale (JSS), Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and Rhode Island Stress and Coping Inventory (RISCI) were used to measure job stress, mental health, and coping with perceived stress. Cardiometabolic risk parameters were evaluated in plasma and genotyping analysis was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The subjects were 127 Chinese Malaysian adults. The allele frequencies for rs1870377 (A allele and T allele) and rs2071557 (A allele and T allele) polymorphisms were 0.48 and 0.52, and 0.37 and 0.63, respectively. Significant correlations include scores from JSS dimensions with blood glucose (BG) (p = 0.025&ndash, 0.045), DASS-21 dimensions with blood pressure, BMI, and uric acid (p = 0.029&ndash, 0.047), and RISCI with blood pressure and BG (p = 0.016&ndash, 0.049). Significant G &times, E interactions were obtained for: rs1870377 with stress on total cholesterol (p = 0.035), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.019), and apolipoprotein B100 (p = 0.004), and rs2071559 with anxiety on blood pressure (p = 0.006&ndash, 0.045). The significant G &times, E interactions prompt actions for managing stress and anxiety for the prevention of CVD.

Violation of workplace norms is perceived as incivility and could potentially bring negative consequences to psychological health and organizational attitudes. Given this, abundant research on incivility is conducted to look at the dynamics, causes, and outcomes of incivility and its negative impacts on employees’ well-being. Up until this date, no work of bibliometric study has been carried out and published. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze, and reports published works related to incivility based on the data obtained from the Scopus online database. Using standard bibliometric indicators, this article reports the growth rate of publications, analysis of the citation, global trends and research productivity. A total of 594 valid published documents is retrieved and finalized based on selected keywords search results. The results show that there is an increased growth rate of incivility literature, particularly in nursing and health-related area. The plausible reason for this is the high attention given to organizational change derived from cultural differences, as can be seen from the cluster of countries with high and low interests in incivility research.

Pleiotropy is a common phenomenon in the genetics of cancers, which is rarely systematically evaluated. A novel idea for identifying shared gene functional modules using biclustering was proposed in this paper to explore the common molecular mechanisms among cancers and the relationships between different types of cancers. Gene expression datasets for 20 cancers were obtained. And genes differentially expressing in at least two types of cancers were selected using both moderated t-statistic and fold change to construct a 10417 × 20 matrix (gene-cancer matrix). 22 gene clusters shared by cancers were found by using the biclustering method. Further, Gene Ontology (GO)-based enrichment analysis identified 17 gene functional modules (Bonferroni corrected P < 0.05). The involved biological processes primarily included regulation of chromatids separation during mitosis, cell differentiation, immune and inflammatory response, and collagen fibril organization. These modules undertook molecular functions of ATP binding and microtubule motor activity, MHC class II receptor activity, endopeptidase inhibitor activity and so on. And their activity sites were mostly located in cytoskeleton, chromosome, MHC protein complex, intermediate filament, fibrillar collagen and so on. The network constructed based on these modules indicates that gastric cancer, ovarian adenocarcinoma, cervical cancer and mesothelioma were highly relevant to each other. However, the molecular mechanisms of two hematologic malignancies (acute myeloid leukemia and multiple myeloma) seem very different from other cancers. It can be seen that gene functional modules shared by cancers are associated with many biological mechanisms, and similarities among cancers are probably attributed to cellular origin and shared carcinogenic mechanisms. The proposed method for analysis of pleiotropy in this paper will help understand the common molecular mechanisms for complex human diseases.

Cultural differences in cognition are important during multinational commercial, military, and humanitarian operations. The Rosetta Project addresses definition and measurement of key cognitive dimensions. Six potential diagnostic measures related to Analytic–Holistic reasoning were assessed: the Exclusion Task, the Attribution Complexity Scale, the Syllogism Task, Categorization, the Framed Line Test, and the Facial Expression Task. 379 participants' ages ranged from 17 to 24 years ( M = 19.8, SD = 1.4). 64.6% were women; Eastern Asian groups (Japan, Korea, and Taiwan) were assumed to have Holistic reasoning tendencies, and those from a Western group (USA) were assumed to have Analytic tendencies. Participants were recruited from subject pools in psychology using the procedures of each university. Results on the Exclusion and Categorization Tasks confirmed hypothesized differences in Analytic–Holistic reasoning. The Attribution Complexity Scale and the Facial Expression Task identified important differences among the four groups. Outcomes on the final two tasks were confounded by unrelated group differences, making comparisons difficult. Building on this exploratory study, Rosetta Phase II will include additional groups and cognitive tasks. Measures of complex cognition are also incorporated to link findings to the naturalistic contexts.

Trust is a critical variable in military operations, be it trust in leadership and trust among team members. Trust can become complicated as operations cross-national borders. The purpose of this series of studies is to examine the trust process across cultures comparing the United States, Malaysia, and Australia. The study found country differences in Analytic-Holistic thinking, preference for Power Distance, Need for Cognition (NFC) and trust propensity. Firstly, in terms of race differences within Malaysia, there were only differences in terms of openness and power distance, suggesting similar patterns in most of the variables of interest in the study. In terms of analytic-holistic thinking, it was found that Malaysia was more holistic followed by Australia and US whereas for Power Distance, Malaysia was the lowest followed by Australia and then US. Need for cognition was such that Australia was higher than the US, while US had higher trust propensity scores when compared to Malaysia and Australia. For countries higher in analytic thinking, there was a higher tendency to rate applicants with higher ability as more trustworthy; however, US rated applicants with higher benevolence as more trustworthy when compared to Malaysia, contradictory to present review of literature. On a whole, Malaysia was observed to be generally low on trust. Power Distance was the main contributor for higher trust in ability and cultural dimensions were found to predict integrity significantly whereby higher NFC and Power Distance were associated with higher trust in integrity. Power distance seemed to be the stronger predictor for trust in this study. Findings were discussed in terms of in-group and out-group differences, attributes of Generation Y, and trust climate.

To critically evaluate, via a series of empirical studies, existing trust paradigms to explore their implications for trust in western and nonwestern cultures, and reveal situational moderators that influence the relationship between trustworthiness indicators and trust. Deliverables to include, but not limited to, model development, publications, empirical foundation for guidebook development.

Pleiotropy is a common phenomenon in the genetics of cancers, which is rarely systematically evaluated. A novel idea for identifying shared gene functional modules using biclustering was proposed in this paper to explore the common molecular mechanisms among cancers and the relationships between different types of cancers. Gene expression datasets for 20 cancers were obtained. And genes differentially expressing in at least two types of cancers were selected using both moderated t-statistic and fold change to construct a 10417 × 20 matrix (gene-cancer matrix). 22 gene clusters shared by cancers were found by using the biclustering method. Further, Gene Ontology (GO)-based enrichment analysis identified 17 gene functional modules (Bonferroni corrected P0.05). The involved biological processes primarily included regulation of chromatids separation during mitosis, cell differentiation, immune and inflammatory response, and collagen fibril organization. These modules undertook molecular functions of ATP binding and microtubule motor activity, MHC class II receptor activity, endopeptidase inhibitor activity and so on. And their activity sites were mostly located in cytoskeleton, chromosome, MHC protein complex, intermediate filament, fibrillar collagen and so on. The network constructed based on these modules indicates that gastric cancer, ovarian adenocarcinoma, cervical cancer and mesothelioma were highly relevant to each other. However, the molecular mechanisms of two hematologic malignancies (acute myeloid leukemia and multiple myeloma) seem very different from other cancers. It can be seen that gene functional modules shared by cancers are associated with many biological mechanisms, and similarities among cancers are probably attributed to cellular origin and shared carcinogenic mechanisms. The proposed method for analysis of pleiotropy in this paper will help understand the common molecular mechanisms for complex human diseases.

The grantee evaluated the relative strength of Mayer's trustworthiness indicators in both a collectivistic and individualistic culture. The research proposed will examine influences of analytic-holistic thinking and power distance on trust, as characterized by the trustworthiness indicators, and the influence of personality variables on the relationship between cognitive load and trust.

Motivation - Organizations need to know how cognitive differences influence macrocognitive processes including information management and sensemaking. Research approach - To investigate the role of Analytic-Holistic thinking, 312 participants engaged in information management and sensemaking in the context of two unfolding scenarios. Findings/Design - Analytic-Holistic thinking directed initial sensemaking. Holistic thinkers were more influenced by information than were analytic thinkers and emphasized breadth over focus. People varied in their readiness to change their sense of a situation when faced with contradictory information. Limitations/Implications - While our scenarios were useful, more complex and possibly computer-based scenarios may better approximate naturalistic sensemaking and distributed teamwork. Originality/Value - We introduced a promising method for exploring sensemaking and information management and pioneered its use for investigating of analytic-holistic differences with implications for multinational collaborations. Take away message - In dynamic, complex domains, Analytic-Holistic thinking impacts sensemaking and information management and deserves continued attention.

In this comprehensive study of the early development of guilt, 106 children were observed in laboratory paradigms in which they were led to believe that they had damaged valuable objects, during two separate sessions at each of the assessments at 22, 33, and 45 months. The behavioral and affective components of guilt cohered significantly across the sessions, converged with each other, were stable across all the assessments, and corresponded modestly with maternal reports. Most components decreased with age, except for bodily tension, which increased. At 33 and 45 months, girls displayed more guilt than did boys. Children who were more fearful in typical fear-inducing paradigms also displayed more guilt. Children of mothers who relied on more power-assertive discipline, observed and self-reported, displayed less guilt. Guilt related positively to the development of self at 18 months and to moral self at 56 months. Children who displayed more guilt were less likely to violate rules of conduct at 56 months. A mediational model was supported: Fearful temperament contributed to guilt proneness, which in turn served to inhibit children's tendency to violate rules.

Results: We had training 1208 people in 37 education sections and set up a standard demonstrated video provides to E elearning teaching platform at network, about 97.02 % of staff were reading.1. largest aseptic area from 45*66 cm enlarged to 250*150 cm, 2. Set up standard instruments for catheterization, 3. Washing hands method improved of Compliance Rate from 84% to 90.2 %, accurated rate from 67.5% to 78.3 % , 4. Infection rate decreased to average 0.2 %, 5. Increased jugular vein for insert place from 30 to 40 %. Conclusions: We believe that using standard systemic combined care inserted procedures can reduce infection rate of intravenous catheterization demonstrate the effectiveness and safeness of patient parenteral therapy in a community hospital setting, and demonstrates the ability for this to be done at the standard CVC bundle of care expected at hospital.