Determinants of trust in human-robot interaction: Modeling, measuring, and predicting

Can humans trust humanoid robots to perform social tasks? Trust is a multifactorial concept with several determinants that influence the interaction between humans and robots. These determinants include factors concerning human, robot, social, and context. To measure human trust in humanoid robots, interactive dialogues were used with subjective measures of general trust embedded in the dialogues. General trust was made up of three components: ability, benevolence, and integrity, each characterized by five attributes. These measures were mapped to objective measures of physiological trust comprising facial expressions, voiced speech, vision-based heart rate, and postural gestures. The purpose was to predict trust from a neural network of psychophysiological criteria. To validate the reliability of trust measures, a series of three experiments was conducted at three levels of interaction: human-human, human-robot and human-robot-human. While the methodology was used to measure human trust in robots, it has potential for measuring robot trust in humans.