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In this study, the protective roles of myricetin (MYC) and quercetin (QRS) against nephrotoxicity caused by malathion (MLT) intoxication were investigated. A total of 42 male rats were used and divided into 6 groups. The dose of MLT was fixed at 108 mg/kg/day and MYC or QRS were administered separately at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg/day. All chemicals were orally administered for 28 days. At the end of the study, sera and kidney tissues were obtained. Serum urea, creatinine and uric acid levels, kidney malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NOx), protein carbonyl (PCO), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione redustase (GSH-Rx), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), paraoxonase (PON), and arylesterase (ARE) levels were measured as well as histological examinations in kidney tissue were performed. MLT treatment increased serum urea and creatinine with increased levels of kidney MDA, NOx, PCO, 8-OHdG, PGE2 and decreased levels of catalase, SOD, PON, ARE, GSH, and GSH-Px in the kidney (p [Med-Science 2023; 12(2.000): 548-56]

Introduction:In this study, we investigated the etiopathogenesis of allergic rhinitis by analyzing the polymorphisms including GPx-1 Pro198Leu, CAT-262 C/T, and MnSOD Ala16Val.Methods:The diagnosis of allergic rhinitis was diagnosed by clinical history, examination, serum total immunoglobulin E levels and skin prick test. Five mL of peripheral blood from patients and individuals constituting the control group was taken into EDTA tubes. DNA isolation from whole blood samples was performed according to the Poncz method.Results:Because of this study; for the Pro198Leu polymorphism of the GPX1; was concluded with 95% confidence that the presence of the Leu allele increased the susceptibility to allergic rhinitis 1.092 times. However, this increase was not found to be statistically significant. For the -262 C/T polymorphism of the CAT gene; was concluded with 95% confidence that the presence of the T-allele increased the susceptibility to allergic rhinitis 27,064 times. This increase was found to be statistically significant. For Ala16Val polymorphism of the Mn-SOD gene; was concluded with 95% confidence that the presence of the Ala allele increased the susceptibility to allergic rhinitis 25,791 times. This increase was found to be statistically significant.Conclusion:A significant relationship was found between allergic rhinitis and the genotypes and the frequencies of alleles in the polymorphisms of the MnSOD and CAT genes. However, no significant relationship was found between allergic rhinitis and the polymorphisms of the GPx-1 gene.

Genetic factors play a major role in the formation of allergic rhinitis. The most studied genes for the investigation of the genetic origin of allergic rhinitis are the cytokine genes. We aimed to analyse the relation between susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and IL-4 C-590T and C+33T polymorphisms. For this aim, serum IL-4 levels and IL-4 C-590T and C+33T polymorphisms of 211 allergic rhinitis cases and 232 healthy individuals (control group) were analysed. We found that the individuals carrying IL-4 +33T allele and IL-4 -590TT and +33TT genotypes were much more predisposed to allergic rhinitis than the individuals carrying CC wild type genotypes. Our results also suggest that serum IL-4 levels of control group carrying the IL-4 -590 CT and TT genotypes and T allele and IL-4 +33 CT and TT genotypes, and T allele were significantly higher than the CC genotypes and T alleles carriers. As a result, it is possible to say that IL-4 C-590T and C+33T polymorphisms may increase the susceptibility of allergic rhinitis because of their lowering of IL-4 levels in serum. [Med-Science 2021; 10(2.000): 462-8]

The present studies are focused to explore the antioxidant and anti-lipoxygnease activities in crude extract, aqueous and organic fractions (ethyl acetate, chloroform, butanol) of dry fruit of Cydonia oblonga. For determining the antioxidant activity; total phenolic content and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging assay were performed in the aqueous and organic fractions of C. oblonga. In our study, phenolic content revealed that crude extract has highest phenolic content followed by ethyl acetate fraction. The results of DPPH radical scavenging activity showed IC50 values of crude extract as 61.4 μg/mL, chloroform and aqueous 67.4 and 55.5 μg/mL, respectively, which are well comparable with butylatedhydroxyanisol (BHA) standard, which showed IC50 as 44.2 μg/mL. In addition, crude extract appeared to be the prominent inhibitor of lipoxygenase. The results suggests that the extract and different fractions of dry fruit of C. oblonga exhibits significant antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities/capacity which might be associated with the presence of main phytochemicals like flavonoids, phenols and tannins. Besides that, all these extract and fractions have well enough lipoxygenase inhibitory potential. As a result, we can claim that the presence of the scavenger molecules in the dry fruit of C. oblonga may attribute health benefits by providing the protective effects during the progressive stages of different acute and chronic disorders. [Med-Science 2020; 9(1.000): 251-4]

The present study investigated the effects of the prebiotic inulin on the growth parameters, digestive enzyme activities and antioxidant status of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). After acclimation, fish (34±0.22 g; n = 135) were assigned into 9 tanks (15 fish per tank) and triplicate groups were fed a control diet (G-0) or diets containing 1% (G-1) or 2% (G-2) inulin. At the end of the trial (8 weeks), growth factors (final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), food conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), Economic conversion ratio (ECR), digestive enzyme activities (pepsin, trypsin, amylase and lipase) and antioxidant status superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level of liver tissue were assessed. At the end of the study highest survival rate was observed in the fish fed with 1% G-1 inulin group. Similarly, digestive enzyme activities were significantly higher dietary G-1 group. Subsequently, elevated growth performance (final weight, SGR and FCR) was observed in trout fed with 1% compared to the control group. The effect of the dietary inulin on digestion was partly observed by assaying the activity of pepsin, intestinal amylase, trypsin and lipase. Apart from pepsin activity, results indicated that dietary supplementation of inulin is beneficial and may also have differential effects upon digestive enzyme activities. Antioxidant enzyme activity of SOD and CAT in liver tissue was generally higher in the supplemented inulin diets than in the control and significantly higher in the 1% inulin group. A significant decrease in MDA level of tissue was observed in all inulin supplemented groups when compared to the control group. These results indicate that inulin be considered as a beneficial dietary supplement for growth performance, digestive enzyme activities and antioxidant status of rainbow trout.

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the influence of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) 4G/5G or tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) I/D polymorphisms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) cases in a sample of Turkish population. Methods: PAI-1 4G/5G and tPA Alu-repeat I/D genetic polymorphisms in 153 COPD subjects and 160 controls were investigated using PCR-RFLP and PCR methods, respectively. Results: 4G allele frequency was 0.62 and 0.39 for COPD and control groups, respectively. 4G allele had an estimated 2.56-fold [95% CI = 1.85–3.53] increased risk of COPD. tPA I allele frequency was 0.55 and 0.50, for COPD and control groups, respectively. I allele had an estimated 1.19-fold [95% CI = 0.87–1.62] increased risk of COPD Conclusions: PAI-1 4G/4G and 4G/5G genotypes seemed to play a key role in the pathophysiology of COPD in Turkish individuals. Keywords: COPD; Genetic susceptibility; Polymorphisms; Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA); Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)

Bu çalışmada organik (Sel-Plex®-2000, Alltech, USA) ve inorganik selenyum (Na2SeO3.5H2O - Sodyum selenite pentahydrate-FLUCA) ilaveli yem ile beslenen Oreochromis niloticus’un karaciğer antioksidan enzim aktiviteleri ve immün sistem parametreleri araştırılmıştır. Ortalama ağırlıkları 12,62 ± 0,11 g olan balıklar, 5 farklı uygulama grubu (Kontrol; Org1,5; Org3,0; İnorg1,5; İnorg3,0) olacak şekilde akvaryumlara yerleştirilmiş ve 75 gün beslenmişlerdir. Deneme süresi sonunda karaciğer katalaz (CAT), süperoksit dismutaz (SDO), glutatyon peroksidaz (GSH-Px), lizozim (LYZ) ve miyeloperoksidaz (MPO) aktiviteleri ile malondialdehit (MDA) düzeyi ve kas selenyum seviyeleri belirlenmiştir. Karaciğer antioksidan enzim aktiviteleri ve immün sistem parametreleri Se gruplarında kontrol grubuna oranla artmıştır. Kas dokusu Se düzeyi Se ilaveli tüm gruplarda kontrol ile karşılaştırıldığında göre önemli oranda artmıştır. 3mg/kg organik selenyumla beslenen balıklarda, kas selenyum seviyeleri diğer gruplara oranla daha yüksek bulunmuştur.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the major pediatric cancer in developed countries. To date most association studies of acute lymphoblastic leukemia have been based on the candidate gene approach and have evaluated a restricted number of polymorphisms. Such studies have served to highlight difficulties in conducting statistically and methodologically rigorous investigations into acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk. Recent genome-wide association studies of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia have provided robust evidence that common variation at four genetic loci confers a modest increase in risk. The accumulated experience to date and relative lack of success of initial efforts to identify novel acute lymphoblastic leukemia predisposition loci emphasize the need for alternative study designs and methods. The International Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Genetics Consortium includes 12 research groups in Europe, Asia, the Middle East and the Americas engaged in studying the genetics of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The initial goal of this consortium is to identify and characterize low-penetrance susceptibility variants for acute lymphoblastic leukemia through association-based analyses. Efforts to develop genome-wide association studies of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, in terms of both sample size and single nucleotide polymorphism coverage, and to increase the number of single nucleotide polymorphisms taken forward to large-scale replication should lead to the identification of additional novel risk variants for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Ethnic differences in the risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia are well recognized and thus in assessing the interplay between inherited and non-genetic risk factors, analyses using different population cohorts with different incidence rates are likely to be highly informative. Given that the frequency of many acute lymphoblastic leukemia subgroups is small, identifying differential effects will realistically only be possible through multi-center pooled analyses. Here, we review the rationale for identifying genetic risk variants for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and our proposed strategy for establishing the International Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Genetics Consortium.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, meme kanseri geni partner ve lokalizeri-2’nin (PALB2) üç farklı tek nükleotid polimorfizminin (rs249954, rs249935 ve rs16940342) meme kanseri predispozisyonu üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu amaçla, çalışmamıza meme kanseri tanısı almış 150 hasta ve 150 sağlıklı birey dahil edilmiştir. Gerçek zamanlı polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR) yöntemi kullanılarak, her bir vakadan izole edilmiş deoksiribonükleik asit (DNA), PALB2 genetik varyasyonları için araştırılmıştır. Bulgular: rs16940342 polimorfizminin homozigot yabanıl tip (AA) ve heterozigot (AG) genotip dağılımı meme kanseri grubunda sırasıyla % 44,7 ve % 55,3, kontrol grubunda ise % 32,7 ve % 67,3 olarak bulunmuştur. Her iki grupta da homozigot polimorfik (GG) genotip gözlenmemiştir. rs16940342 polimorfizmi için gruplar arasındaki genotip dağılımı açısından fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. Bununla birlikte, her iki grup karşılaştırıldığında rs249954 ve rs249935 polimorfizmlerinin sıklığı bakımından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunamamıştır.Sonuç: Bu sonuçlar rs16940342 polimorfizminin Türk popülasyonunda meme kanseri yatkınlığı açısından önemli bir belirleyici rol üstlenebileceğini göstermektedir.

INTRODUCTION: Inflammation is an innate immune response that protects host organism from external injuries and pathogens. The increased inflammatory response in organism can cause many diseases, especially cancer. Many natural and synthetic substances are used for annihilating the inflammatory response. Hypericin and hyperforin, isolated from Hypericum perforatum L., has shown anti-viral, anti-cancer, anti-depressive and anti-microbial properties. However, data on the mechanism of hypericin and hyperforin action against inflammation is limited. This study aimed at determining the anti-inflammatory property of hypericin and hyperforin using in vitro model. METHODS: In this study, 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 nM hyperforin and 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 µM hypericin were treated to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. We purposed to display the anti-inflammatory effects of hypericin and hyperforin via measuring prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO) production and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression in LPS induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. RESULTS: Our study has shown that all applied concentration of hyperforin and hypericin decreased nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages, significantly. Similarly, all applied concentration of hyperforin and hypericin decreased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production but this decrease was statistically significant only in groups treated with 75 and 100 nM hyperforin and 7.5 and 10 μM hypericin. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This indicates that hyperforin and hypericin inhibited NO and PGE2 production and iNOS and COX-2 gene expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition of NO and PGE2 production by hyperforin and hypericin is a result of the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 gene expression. For this reason, it is possible to say that hypericin and hyperforin can be used to reduce the inflammatory response.

In this study, it was evaluated paraoxonase activity (PON) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in liver tissue of Oreochromis niloticus fed with mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) supplemented diet. For this purpose, fish were fed commercial diet supplemented with 0.25%, 0.35% and 0.45% dietary MOS for 60 days. At the end of experiment, PON activity of liver tissue was increased in MOS groups when compared to control group. It was determined that MDA level of tissue was decreased significantly in MOS groups when compared to control group.

Natural resources right from the beginning of the human civilization has paved the way to human being to combat different challenges. The big challenge was to safe the human being from diseases and shortage of food. Plants helped the man in both areas very efficiently. No doubt when plants are used as food actually we are also taking lot of compounds of medicinal values in an excellent combination which naturally reduce the risk of diseases. Extraction and purification of several medicinally important compounds also gave the way to develop pharmaceutical industry in addition to its own therapeutic effects against different lethal diseases. Rheum palmatum L. has been widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases in Asian countries. Antioxidant and biological studies showed very important results. A good coherence was found among extraction yield (9.48 to 16.09%), total phenolics (2.47 to 7.13 mg GAE/100 g), total flavonoids (0.34 to 0.85 mg CE/100 g) and antioxidant potential (≈64%). Antibacterial assays of peel and puree extracts advocated good potential to stop the growth and division of pathogenic bacteria. Further biological activity study was carried out using the human larynx HEp-2 cancer cells. The growth inhibitory effect on cancer cell line using MTT assay showed ethanol extracts of Rheum palmatum L. leaf both remained efficient to inhibit growth (≈38%) and cell division of cancer cells. Our results showed that extracts of Rheum palmatum L. leaf may be utilize to prepare functional food against pathogenic born diseases and most active compounds may also be extracted, concentrated and converted into tablets or suspension form for therapeutic purposes.

Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas) is a valuable source of phenolic antioxidants. Flavonoid derivatives as nonenzymatic antioxidants are important in the pathophysiology of many diseases including neurological disorders (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease) or heart disease. In this study, we examined the effect of an addition of freeze-dried fruit of cornelian cherry on three types of diets: control diet, fructose diet, and diet enriched in fats (high-fat diet). This effect was studied by determining the following antioxidant parameters in both brain tissue and plasma in rats: catalase, ferric reducing ability of plasma, paraoxonase, protein carbonyl groups, and free thiol groups. Results indicate that both fructose diet and high-fat diet affect the antioxidant capacity of the organism. Furthermore, an addition of cornelian cherry resulted in increased activity of catalase in brain tissue, while in plasma it caused the opposite effect. In turn, with regard to paraoxonase activity in both brain tissue and plasma, it had a stimulating effect. Adding cornelian cherry to the tested diets increased the activity of PON in both tested tissues. Moreover, protective effect of fruits of this plant was observed in the process of oxidation of proteins by decreasing levels of protein carbonyl groups and thiol groups in brain tissue as well as in plasma.