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Purpose This paper seeks to add a historical perspective to the contemporary debate concerning women’s entrepreneurship in India. This study aims to explore the quantitative and qualitative research map of the research field of women’s entrepreneurship. Through this exploration, the authors aim to portray the historical and contemporary factors related to women’s entrepreneurship development in India, the problems and the opportunities. Future research opportunities are also identified based on the keyword analysis. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a systematic literature review to analyze the historical and theoretical perspectives of women’s entrepreneurship in India. The bibliometric analysis portrays the publication landscape, including the most popular journals, authors and countries, citation analysis and keyword analysis. The content analysis reveals the thematic clusters of the research field. Findings The content analysis of the management literature on women’s entrepreneurship reveals four primary clusters from the research: contextual embeddedness in women’s entrepreneurship, reasons for starting a business, microfinance interventions and empowerment of women entrepreneurs and marginalization dynamics for women entrepreneurs in India’s informal sector. The study also presents implications for policymakers and a women entrepreneurs’ development framework. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, this study is the first to comprehensively analyze the management literature on women’s entrepreneurship in India from a historical perspective. The study combines bibliometric mapping and content analysis for a holistic presentation of the research field of women’s entrepreneurship in India and future research opportunities.

Purpose This study aims to evaluate the consumer perceptions related to sanitation in the five-star hotels due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It also identified the most significant sanitation dimensions and their influence on the pertinent emotions experienced by the hotel consumers. Design/methodology/approach It identified seven sanitation dimensions (i.e. exterior of the hotel, guestrooms, washrooms/restrooms, in-house restaurant dining, hotel employees, public areas and handling of food) which were assessed through 10 positive and negative consumer sanitation emotions. A structured online survey was conducted to collect data from the 763 five-star hotel consumers. Exploratory factor analysis was applied on the 35 parameters of the seven identified sanitation dimensions, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the most significant dimensions among the hotel consumers. Findings Results revealed that among the seven sanitation dimensions, “exterior of the hotel” and “public area” dimensions were found to be statistically less significant compared to the other sanitation dimensions. Findings related to consumer emotions showed that a significantly high percentage of consumers revealed strong negative emotions, i.e. disgust and discontent toward the poor standards of sanitation in the hotels. Practical implications The study results may be helpful for the hotel administrators and managers to adequately plan the training sessions for their employees based on the consumer perception and emotions toward the identified sanitation dimensions. Further, it may also help in the implementation of the COVID-19 awareness program based on the consumer inputs and perceptions. Originality/value Although a few studies have been performed to explore the sanitation dimensions in the hospitality sector before, but this will be a first attempt to identify and measure the sanitation dimensions and corresponding consumer emotions due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Purpose This paper aims to examine the pattern of publications, using a bibliometric analysis of the Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy (JEC) for the period between 2007 and 2021. Design/methodology/approach The study uses relevant bibliometric metrics and procedures. The analysis covers mainly the number of articles published in JEC, most influential years in terms of the number of publications and citations, top productive countries, most prolific authors, most influential institutions, funding institutions, co-authorship trends, keywords co-occurrence, and vital themes of JEC articles between 2007 and 2021. Findings The journal’s influential impact in terms of citations has increased over time, with 83.62% of the published works receiving at least one citation. Léo-Paul Dana has been recognised as the most prolific author by virtue of his contribution of articles in JEC, and the maximum contribution to JEC comes from the USA, followed by Canada and the UK. University of Canterbury, New Zealand and La Trobe University, Australia were the leading contributing institutions. The study identified “indigenous entrepreneurs”, “gender”, “social entrepreneurship”, “education” and “innovation” as contemporary keywords in the study of enterprising communities. These issues present a clear opportunity for research-related topics for the JEC. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first comprehensive piece in the journal’s history that provides a general overview of the journal's major trends and researchers.

Purpose Women entrepreneurs contribute significantly to Asian economies. However, women in this region face an alarming array of barriers to entrepreneurship. This research study aims to examine the factors, i.e. government support, family social support, financial literacy and managerial skills, in building the entrepreneurial capacity of women entrepreneurs under the lens of the person–environment (P-E) fit theory. Furthermore, the study also examines the moderating effect of socio-cultural barriers in the said relationships. Design/methodology/approach For the study, the data was collected from the owners of 311 women-owned manufacturing and services sector enterprises from the northern Indian community. Findings Findings suggest that all the factors significantly affect the entrepreneurial capacity of women entrepreneurs, and the barriers work as a moderator between the relationships. Originality/value Based on P-E fit theory, this unique research study proposes a model to test the role of factors such as government support, family social support, financial literacy and managerial skills in developing women entrepreneurs’ entrepreneurial capacity along with examining the moderating role of socio-cultural factors contributing to the entrepreneurial capacity of women.

PurposeThe study aims to evaluate the components of entrepreneurship education and training (EET) in India. The paper proposes a framework for an effective EET regime for amalgamating entrepreneurship education as fundamental to mainstream higher education in India.Design/methodology/approachThe current study utilises a qualitative research technique, that is, the narrative inquiry methodology based on in-depth interviews. The study respondents included sixteen educators who are actively engaged in EET and related activities for a minimum of ten years.FindingsThe study identified five broad “meaning units” or “themes,” that is, “incremental pedagogical efficiency and flexible evaluation systems,” “entrepreneurial experience of the faculty,” “extended support,” “holistic mentoring” and “experiential learning” as components of an effective EET regime.Originality/valueThe study will help the policymakers and higher education institutions (HEIs) revisit their policy frameworks and practices to promote entrepreneurial capacity and entrepreneurial intentions among students. The study will also help to gain deeper insights into EET components and will propose a framework for an effective EET regime based on its findings.

Today, the most important strength of volatile financial market is information. Fixed income securities are for more risk-averse investors where as young people are more interested in equity shares as they like to take more risk in lieu of more return. Prices of these securities move according to the information available in the financial market. Investors are always confused regarding Where to invest, When to invest and How much to invest. Fundamental analysis is a method which helps an investor in knowing “What the price should be” or “What is the real value of a share”. It is based on the foundation that in the long run, the true value of a share will be equal to its intrinsic value i.e. present value of all the future cash inflows from the share in the form of dividends as valuation of equity shares are based on the assumption of going concern concept of business. Fundamental analysis involves analyzing the economy wide factors (e.g. GDP growth rate, employment etc), industry wide factors (e.g. competition, nature of product etc) and companywide factors (e.g. financial statements, corporate governance, management efficiency etc). It is also quoted by John Forman, “Fundamental analysis is very powerful in terms of determining long-term direction, but lacks short-term applicability”. The automobile industry is considered to be one of the key drivers of economic growth as it involves huge investment at the same time large profit to automobile companies. On the basis of past performance, it is analyzed that the demand outlook of automobile industry will continue to grow in 2018-19 due to healthy sales momentum in rural areas as well. This built confidence among the investors to invest in automobile industry which is highly rewarding at the same time it is highly risky in long run.

Survival and growth are two aspects that every business organisation gives attention to in order to make its presence felt in the corporate arena. Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A), as a strategy, provide a cushion to organisations for their survival, as well as a tool to drive the organisation's growth and sustainability. The rate of failure dominates the rate of success in M&A outcomes. One aspect of M&A that has mostly been ignored so far is the cultural convergence of 'Management' and 'Employees' in the post-merger phase. The purpose of this paper is to determine whether or not Management Synergy and Employee Satisfaction has any extended impact on the success or failure of M&A. Business organisations are legal entities, but the involvement of human capital makes them living entities. Psychological fear of being in alien territory, together with an uncertainty of status quo, leaves management and employees scared and nervous, which often adversely affects their performance. The present study aims to establish a relationship between Management Synergy and Employee Satisfaction with the success or failure of M&A, based on literature review.

This study aims to analyse the success factors for entrepreneurship and the differences in the success factors of male and female entrepreneurs, in small and micro enterprises. The research is a descriptive study and the data was collected using the survey method for which the universe encompassed all micro and small enterprises started and developed by female and male entrepreneurs in Indore city (Madhya Pradesh, India). The sample size is 500. The success factors were defined based on fourteen selected variables viz., Good family support, Appropriate qualification, Determination and will power, Inner drive, Vast social network, Got right opportunity at right time, Satisfactory government support, Satisfactory government regulations, Availability of finance, Availability of land, Access to technology, Good health, Long term vision to grow the business, and Effective work life balance. These variables were measured on “ordinal scale”. The success factors were measured using the percentage analysis, and ANOVA was used to identify statistically significant difference amongst the success factors of male and female entrepreneurs. ‘Good family support’ has been found to be the most endorsed success factor (60.7%), whereas the least endorsed has been ‘Satisfactory government support’ (0.6%). ‘Good family support’ and ‘Got right opportunity at right time’ were the success factors endorsed by higher number of male entrepreneurs and for the female counterparts these factors were ‘Availability of finance’ and ‘Satisfactory government support’. Therefore, public policy to promote entrepreneurship needs to be tailored carefully to different groups.

Exponentially growing data, big data, dark data and data trash are throwing excellent opportunities in the world. But associated costs and risks are also significant. “Big Garbage in, Big Garbage out” seems new phrase in computing. This paper is motivated by risk and cost stresses on non-IT firms. Literature review, from management perspective, reveals lack of world’s attention towards immortality of data in the data stores of the world and rising risks & costs. Progressive digitization calls for regular elimination of data trash and consequent avoidable costs. Existing concept of Time to Live (TTL) or hop limit is eliminating huge data in transit on the internet system in real time. Similar concepts and tools could be potential help in reduction of size of data inventory. Paper presents a rudimentary model for expansion of concept of TTL with the assistance of user defined shelf life of data.

Entrepreneurship comes with a host of challenges, rewarding challenges. This study aims to analyze the obstacles faced by entrepreneurs at the inception stage of their business and the gender related distinctiveness in the same. The research design is descriptive in nature and has been carried out primarily by using survey method. The universe of the study is based on the list of all small and micro business units initiated and developed by male and female entrepreneurs in Indore city and the sample size is 500. The ‘Obstacles faced at inception stage’ included eleven variables; not faced any obstacle, question of self-confidence, difficulty in raising start-up finance, lack of information/advice on how to start a business, difficult to find right contacts for business, no awareness/access to business support, lacked management skills, lacked entrepreneurial skills, lacked intercultural and language skills for foreign markets, difficult to combine family and work life and faced gender discrimination. Percentage analysis was used to analyze the ‘Obstacles faced at inception stage’ faced by male and female entrepreneurs and ANOVA was run for “Gender” of entrepreneur and eleven variables of ‘Obstacles faced at inception stage’ to ascertain the effect of gender on these variables. Maximum number of entrepreneurs have attributed “difficulty in raising start-up finance” as the biggest obstacle. Alongside, there is a drastic difference in the number of female entrepreneurs, as compared to their male counterparts, who believe that they were unable to strike a work/life balance while starting their business. Therefore, public policy to promote entrepreneurship needs to be tailored carefully to different groups.

Social media is the most used medium in this digitized world to connect to the community by just a click. The users on the network can be real or fake and determining them is a challenge. User’s reaction to a topic makes it a trend and if some company, individual, organization try to analyze the users for their benefits then the whole concept of social connection and contribution is gone. So determining the real user and fake users is very important. On first level of scanning the user account may look like being legitimate but it may be not. For effective decision making in key marketing strategies for a particular location, the demographics and the numbers should be perfect for better results. Hence, many-fold improves the spatial dissemination that is being done by filtering the fake users in the online community.

The purpose of this study is to understand the flaws of existing solutions to combat the DDoS attack and a novel scheme is being provided with its validation to reduce the effect of DDoS attack in MANET Environment. As Internet users are increasing day by day, it is becoming more prone to attacks and new hacking techniques. People are accessing information and communicating with each other on the move. Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is responsible for this rapid change in the lives of people. With the emergence of technology, where people communicate or share important documentations on the go with the help of laptops, PDAs, notebooks, smart phones etc., the loopholes in the Internet security have also increased and they are becoming more difficult to handle due to the characteristics of MANET such as dynamic topologies, low battery life, multicast routing, frequency of updates or network overhead, scalability, mobile agent based routing and power aware routing, etc. The network is becoming more prone to attacks like DDoS, byzantine, resource consumption, blackhole, grayhole, etc. Therefore, there is an urgent need to look into the security issues to allow authorized users to access the information available on Internet without any risk. In this study, a novel scheme is proposed which deals with suppressing the influence of the attack. The effectiveness of the approach is validated with simulation in GloMoSim, integrated with parsec compiler, on a windows platform.

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks in the networks needs to be prevented or handled if it occurs, as early as possible and before reaching the victim. Dealing with DDoS attacks is difficult due to their properties such as dynamic attack rates, various kinds of targets, big scale of botnet, etc. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack is hard to deal with because it is difficult to distinguish legitimate traffic from malicious traffic, especially when the traffic is coming at a different rate from distributed sources. DDoS attack becomes more difficult to handle if it occurs in wireless network because of the properties of ad hoc network such as dynamic topologies, low battery life, multicast routing, frequency of updates or network overhead, scalability, mobile agent based routing, and power aware routing, etc. Therefore, it is better to prevent the distributed denial of service attack rather than allowing it to occur and then taking the necessary steps to handle it. This paper discusses various the attack mechanisms and problems due to DDoS attack, also how MANET can be affected by these attacks. In addition to this, a novel solution is proposed to handle DDoS attacks in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs).