1. Acid ceramidase of macrophages traps herpes simplex virus in multivesicular bodies and protects from severe disease
- Author
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Lang, Judith, Bohn, Patrick, Bhat, Hilal, Jastrow, Holger, Walkenfort, Bernd, Cansiz, Feyza, Fink, Julian, Bauer, Michael, Olszewski, Dominik, Ramos-Nascimento, Ana, Duhan, Vikas, Friedrich, Sarah-Kim, Becker, Katrin Anne, Krawczyk, Adalbert, Edwards, Michael J., Burchert, Andreas, Huber, Magdalena, Friebus-Kardash, Justa, Göthert, Joachim R., Hardt, Cornelia, Probst, Hans Christian, Schumacher, Fabian, Köhrer, Karl, Kleuser, Burkhard, Babiychuk, Eduard B., Sodeik, Beate, Seibel, Jürgen, Greber, Urs F., Lang, Philipp A., Gulbins, Erich, and Lang, Karl S.
- Subjects
Acid Ceramidase ,Medizinische Fakultät » Universitätsklinikum Essen » Institut für Immunologie ,viruses ,Science ,Immunology ,Medizin ,Membrane fusion ,610 Medicine & health ,Herpesvirus 1, Human ,Virus Replication ,Article ,Medizinische Fakultät » Universitätsklinikum Essen » Institut für Experimentelle Immunologie und Bildgebung ,Medizinische Fakultät » Universitätsklinikum Essen » Institut für Molekularbiologie (Tumorforschung) ,Mice ,Medizinische Fakultät » Universitätsklinikum Essen » Klinik für Infektiologie ,Phagocytosis ,Animals ,Humans ,ddc:610 ,lcsh:Science ,Mice, Knockout ,Sphingolipids ,Macrophages ,Multivesicular Bodies ,Herpes Simplex ,Medizinische Fakultät » Universitätsklinikum Essen » Institut für Virologie ,Medizinische Fakultät » Universitätsklinikum Essen » Institut für Anatomie ,Medizinische Fakultät » Universitätsklinikum Essen » Klinik für Hämatologie und Stammzelltransplantation ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Infection ,570 Life sciences ,biology ,Female ,lcsh:Q - Abstract
Macrophages have important protective functions during infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). However, molecular mechanisms that restrict viral propagation and protect from severe disease are unclear. Here we show that macrophages take up HSV-1 via endocytosis and transport the virions into multivesicular bodies (MVBs). In MVBs, acid ceramidase (aCDase) converts ceramide into sphingosine and increases the formation of sphingosine-rich intraluminal vesicles (ILVs). Once HSV-1 particles reach MVBs, sphingosine-rich ILVs bind to HSV-1 particles, which restricts fusion with the limiting endosomal membrane and prevents cellular infection. Lack of aCDase in macrophage cultures or in Asah1−/− mice results in replication of HSV-1 and Asah1−/− mice die soon after systemic or intravaginal inoculation. The treatment of macrophages with sphingosine enhancing compounds blocks HSV-1 propagation, suggesting a therapeutic potential of this pathway. In conclusion, aCDase loads ILVs with sphingosine, which prevents HSV-1 capsids from penetrating into the cytosol., Macrophages are critical in limiting replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Here the authors show how acid ceramidase and its enzymatic product sphingosine enable multivesicular bodies to function as an anti-viral mechanism.
- Published
- 2020