Author: "Mediterranean Science Commission" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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30 results on '"Mediterranean Science Commission"'

1. Role of environmental variables in structuring demersal assemblages on trawled bottoms on the Maltese continental shelf

Author: Dimech, Mark, Camilleri, Matthew, Kaiser, Michel J., Schembri, Patrick J., and 38th Mediterranean Science Commission (CIESM) Congress
Subjects: Ocean bottom -- Malta, Fisheries -- Malta, Trawls and trawling -- Malta
Abstract: Demersal assemblages from trawl surveys made at depths of 45-800m in trawled areas within the 25NM Fisheries Management Zone round the Maltese Islands were related to environmental characteristics on the seabed. Depth, temperature, and mean grain size all affected the structure of the demersal assemblages but depth and temperature gradient were overall the most important in that order; while mean grain size seemed more important for relatively shallow bottoms (, peer-reviewed
Published: 2007

2. Threatened habitats as a criterion for selecting coastal protected areas in the Maltese Islands

Author: Schembri, Patrick J. and 34th Mediterranean Science Commission (CIESM) Congress
Subjects: Marine parks and reserves -- Malta -- Management, Coastal ecology -- Malta
Abstract: Recognising that the seas is one of the Maltese Islands main resources, recent environmental protection legislation pays particular attention to the coastal zone and shallow seas off the islands. Under this legislation, the terrestrial areas of three islands and a number of coastal sites, have been declared nature reserves. However, at present there are no marine protected areas within Maltese territory. Marine activates are restricted in certain sea areas round the Maltese Islands, but this is for reasons of security. One factor hindering the establishment of marine protected areas is lack of knowledge as to which ecosystems are in need of protection. In order to address this deficiency, a survey was carried out to identify coastal and shallow water habitats which are threatened. The results of the survey are summarised below. For each habitat type recognised as in need of protection, status, exploitation and threats are reported upon in the order., peer-reviewed
Published: 1995

3. Development and objectives of the PHYCOMORPH European Guidelines for the Sustainable Aquaculture of Seaweeds (PEGASUS)

Author: Rita Araújo, Michele Barbier, Bénédicte Charrier, Bertrand Jacquemin, Céline Rebours, Susan Løvstad Holdt, Mediterranean Science Commission, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae (EBEA), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Universidad Austral de Chile-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, [SDV.SA.AEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics, Legislation, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Plant Science, Aquatic Science, Food safety, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, 01 natural sciences, Aquaculture, Sustainable aquaculture, 13. Climate action, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, business, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Environmental planning, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Seaweed resources play an increasingly important role in European Blue Growth and Bioeconomy strategies and European production is anticipated to increase dramatically with the continued up-swing of global market interests in seaweed resources. As a consequence, there is a need to ensure the environmental sustainability of future aquaculture activities, as reported in the PEGASUS white paper. The present article summarizes the published PEGASUS guidelines developed in the framework of the COST Action Phycomorph, for the future development of this sector. This includes the advances made in this important arena of applied phycology taking into account scientific, technical, environmental, legal and socioeconomic dimensions. Challenges, bottlenecks and risks are identified and presented with a special focus on production issues regarding productivity, breeding, choice of appropriate cultivars, disease and pests and also the risk of using non-indigenous and invasive species as candidates for cultivation. The barriers for long-term, sustainable exploitation are also examined including harmony with the European “Nutrition and Health Regulations” necessary in order to ensure food safety. The PEGASUS guidelines provide scientific recommendations required to address the above issues and to provide science-based advice to policymakers, managers and industries for the sustainable development of industrial-scale seaweed aquaculture in Europe and beyond.
Published: 2020

4. Hidrografico + A contribution to the knowledge of the ocean

Author: Almeida, Sara, Nunes, Paulo, Instituto Hidrografico (Hidrografico ), The Mediterranean Science Commission (CIESM), Shom, Ifremer, EuroGOOS AISBL, and MORVAN, Gaël
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Geographic Information Systems, INSPIRE, Marine Spatial Data Infrastructure, Geospatial Webservices
Abstract: International audience; The Ocean Decade promoted by United Nations leads ocean knowledge to international community top priority, and puts the spot lights in all marine geospatial data and knowledge producers. The Portuguese Hydrographic Institute (IH) as public organization and marine data and knowledge producer keeps his data management processes in line with national and European data policies. To address the geospatial data needs IH starts to build a new Marine Spatial Data Infrastructure through the Hidrográfico + project who granted funding from SAMA2020 program (POCI-02-0550-FEDER-035422). This paper presents the Hidrografico + Marine Spatial Data Infrastructure as an important asset for ocean decade. .
Published: 2021

5. Hotter and Weaker Mediterranean Outflow as a Response to Basin-Wide Alterations

Author: I. Emma Huertas, Cristina Naranjo, Irene Nadal, Jesús García-Lafuente, Susana Flecha, M.J. Bellanco, R.F. Sánchez-Leal, Simone Sammartino, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Universidad de Málaga, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Mediterranean Science Commission, and Copernicus Marine Service
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, Water mass, Biogeochemical cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, buoyancy fluxes, lcsh:QH1-199.5, Ocean Engineering, Aquatic Science, lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean Basin, Mediterranean outflow, Atmosphere, Mediterranean sea, Sill, Mediterranean Sea, Temperature trends, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:Science, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Strait of Gibraltar, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, temperature trends, Salinity trends, salinity trends, Buoyancy fluxes, 13. Climate action, Outflow, lcsh:Q, pH trends, Geology
Abstract: Time series collected from 2004 to 2020 at an oceanographic station located at the westernmost sill of the Strait of Gibraltar to monitor the Mediterranean outflow into the North Atlantic have been used to give some insights on changes that have been taking place in the Mediterranean basin. Velocity data indicate that the exchange through the Strait is submaximal (that is, greater values of the exchanged flows are possible) with a mean value of ¿0.847 ± 0.129 Sv and a slight trend to decrease in magnitude (+0.017 ± 0.003 Sv decade¿1). Submaximal exchange promotes footprints in the Mediterranean outflow with little or no-time delay with regards to changes occurring in the basin. An astonishing warming trend of 0.339 ± 0.008°C decade¿1 in the deepest layer of the outflow from 2013 onwards stands out among these changes, a trend that is an order of magnitude greater than any other reported so far in the water masses of the Mediterranean Sea. Biogeochemical (pH) data display a negative trend indicating a gradual acidification of the outflow in the monitoring station. Data analysis suggests that these trends are compatible with a progressively larger participation of Levantine Intermediate Water (slightly warmer and characterized by a pH lower than that of Western Mediterranean Deep Water) in the outflow. Such interpretation is supported by climatic data analysis that indicate diminished buoyancy fluxes to the atmosphere during the seven last years of the analyzed series, which in turn would have reduced the rate of formation of Western Mediterranean Deep Water. The flow through the Strait has echoed this fact in a situation of submaximal exchange and, ultimately, reflects it in the shocking temperature trend recorded at the monitoring station. Introduction, Time series analyzed in this paper have been collected within the frame of INGRES Projects, INGRES1 (REN2003_01608), INGRES2 (CTM2006_02326/MAR), and INGRES3 (CTM2010_21229-C02-01/MAR), Special Action CTM2009-05810-E/MAR, funded by the Spanish Government. Since year 2016, the monitoring station is part of the Spanish Oceanographic Institute (IEO) internal project STOCA in which frame the station is presently serviced with the participation of Málaga University and researchers of the Interdisciplinary Thematic Platform of the CSIC WATER:iOS, with funding provided by the Ministry of Science and Innovation (EQC2018-004285-P) and the European Commission through the project COMFORT (H2020-820989). The mooring line is included in the Mediterranean Sea monitoring network of HYDROCHANGES project sponsored by CIESM, which is part of the CMEMS Marine Copernicus In Situ TAC Program, registered as WMO ID 6202100 in the JCOMM in situ Observations Program Support.
Published: 2021

6. Evolving and Sustaining Ocean Best Practices and Standards for the Next Decade

Author: Peter Pissierssens, Rene Garello, Mark Bushnell, Pier Luigi Buttigieg, Nadia Pinardi, Reyna Jenkyns, Eric P. Achterberg, Roberto Bozzano, Miguel Charcos Llorens, Ana Lara-Lopez, George Petihakis, Eric Moussat, Andres Cianca, Adam Leadbetter, Fred Whoriskey, Pierre Testor, Manuel Bensi, Julie Bosch, Sylvie Pouliquen, Francoise Pearlman, Emma Heslop, Bernard Bourlès, Christoph Waldmann, E. Delory, Simon Jirka, Mario N. Tamburri, Jay Pearlman, Manolis Ntoumas, Giuseppe Manzella, Rachel Przeslawski, Caroline Cusack, Henry C. Bittig, Vanessa Cardin, Eugene Burger, Laurent Coppola, Juliet Hermes, Toste Tanhua, Joan Masó, Valerie Harscoat, Julie Thomas, Cristian Munoz-Mas, Jerome Blandin, Gabriele Giovanetti, Maciej Telszewski, Justin J. H. Buck, Daniel Cano, Hua Chen, C. L. Chandler, Johannes Karstensen, Robert Heitsenrether, Hairong Tang, Nicholas P. Roden, Andrea McCurdy, Joe Silke, Sara Pensieri, Pauline Simpson, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Susan E. Hartman, Nadine Lanteri, Michele Barbier, IEEE, Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Mediterranean Science Commission, University of South Florida [Tampa] (USF), Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS BREST), Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR065, Centre de Télédétection et d'Analyse des Milieux Naturels (CTAMN), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Wuhan Technology and Business University, Lab-STICC_TB_CID_TOMS, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 52North Initiative for Geospatial Open Source Software GmbH (52°N), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Marine Institute [Oranmore], ETT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Consortium for Ocean Leadership, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften (IFM-GEOMAR), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Center for Marine Environmental Sciences [Bremen] (MARM), University of Bremen, European Project: 633211,H2020,H2020-BG-2014-2,AtlantOS(2015), European Project: 654310,H2020,H2020-INFRASUPP-2014-2,ODIP 2(2015), European Project: 730960, SeaDataCloud(2016), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Pearlman J., Bushnell M., Coppola L., Karstensen J., Buttigieg P.L., Pearlman F., Simpson P., Barbier M., Muller-Karger F.E., Munoz-Mas C., Pissierssens P., Chandler C., Hermes J., Heslop E., Jenkyns R., Achterberg E.P., Bensi M., Bittig H.C., Blandin J., Bosch J., Bourles B., Bozzano R., Buck J.J., Burger E.F., Cano D., Cardin V., Llorens M.C., Cianca A., Chen H., Cusack C., Delory E., Garello R., Giovanetti G., Harscoat V., Hartman S., Heitsenrether R., Jirka S., Lara-Lopez A., Lanteri N., Leadbetter A., Manzella G., Maso J., McCurdy A., Moussat E., Ntoumas M., Pensieri S., Petihakis G., Pinardi N., Pouliquen S., Przeslawski R., Roden N.P., Silke J., Tamburri M.N., Tang H., Tanhua T., Telszewski M., Testor P., Thomas J., Waldmann C., and Whoriskey F.
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, lcsh:QH1-199.5, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, Best practice, Interoperability, Ontologie, interoperability, Ocean Engineering, lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Market fragmentation, Documentation, Ontologies, best practices, ontologies, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:Science, digital repository, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], ocean observing, Global and Planetary Change, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Scale (chemistry), Methodologie, sustainability, Ocean observing, Data science, Digital repository, Sustainability, 13. Climate action, Software deployment, Semantic technology, lcsh:Q, Methodologies, methodologies
Abstract: The oceans play a key role in global issues such as climate change, food security, and human health. Given their vast dimensions and internal complexity, efficient monitoring and predicting of the planet’s ocean must be a collaborative effort of both regional and global scale. A first and foremost requirement for such collaborative ocean observing is the need to follow well-defined and reproducible methods across activities: from strategies for structuring observing systems, sensor deployment and usage, and the generation of data and information products, to ethical and governance aspects when executing ocean observing. To meet the urgent, planet-wide challenges we face, methods across all aspects of ocean observing should be broadly adopted by the ocean community and, where appropriate, should evolve into “Ocean Best Practices.” While many groups have created best practices, they are scattered across the Web or buried in local repositories and many have yet to be digitized. To reduce this fragmentation, we introduce a new open access, permanent, digital repository of best practices documentation (oceanbestpractices.org) that is part of the Ocean Best Practices System (OBPS). The new OBPS provides an opportunity space for the centralized and coordinated improvement of ocean observing methods. The OBPS repository employs user-friendly software to significantly improve discovery and access to methods. The software includes advanced semantic technologies for search capabilities to enhance repository operations. In addition to the repository, the OBPS also includes a peer reviewed journal research topic, a forum for community discussion and a training activity for use of best practices. Together, these components serve to realize a core objective of the OBPS, which is to enable the ocean community to create superior methods for every activity in ocean observing from research to operations to applications that are agreed upon and broadly adopted across communities. Using selected ocean observing examples, we show how the OBPS supports this objective. This paper lays out a future vision of ocean best practices and how OBPS will contribute to improving ocean observing in the decade to come.
Published: 2019

7. Human Health and Ocean Pollution

Author: Luigi Vezzulli, Mark E. Hahn, Samantha Fisher, Patrick Fénichel, Michael H. Depledge, Ariana Zeka, Lorraine C. Backer, Amro Hamdoun, Jacqueline McGlade, F. Brucker-Davis, Patrick Rampal, Laura Giuliano, Hervé Raps, John J. Stegeman, Christopher M. Reddy, Denis Allemand, Maria Luiza Pedrotti, Nicolas Chevalier, Philipp Hess, Donald M. Anderson, Jenna Mu, François Galgani, Charles J. Dorman, Lilian Corra, Gabriella Taghian, Lora E. Fleming, Jeroen A. J. M. van de Water, Bret Judson, Pal Weihe, Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein, Françoise Gaill, Amalia Laborde, Hariharan Shanmugam, Maria Neira, Joacim Rocklöv, Dimitri D. Deheyn, William H. Gaze, Dorota Czerucka, Ursula M. Scharler, Adetoun Mustapha, Philippe Grandjean, Barbara A. Demeneix, Philip J. Landrigan, Rachel T. Noble, Boston College (BC), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Atlanta] (CDC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), Global Alliance on Health and Pollution (GAHP), United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California, Trinity College Dublin, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), The Mediterranean Science Commission (CIESM), Harvard University [Cambridge], Universidad de la República (UDELAR), University College of London [London] (UCL), Imperial College London, World Health Organization [Niamey], University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Umeå University, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), University of Genoa (UNIGE), University of the Faroe Islands, Brunel University London [Uxbridge], University of California (UC), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Harvard University, Universidad de la República [Montevideo] (UDELAR), University of KwaZulu-Natal [Durban, Afrique du Sud] (UKZN), and Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe)
Subjects: Male, Pollution, Oceans and Seas, media_common.quotation_subject, Review, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, 12. Responsible consumption, Marine pollution, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Environmental protection, 11. Sustainability, Animals, Humans, Seawater, Marine ecosystem, 030212 general & internal medicine, 14. Life underwater, Water pollution, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Ecosystem, media_common, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Pollutant, 030503 health policy & services, Water Pollution, fungi, Global warming, Ocean acidification, General Medicine, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, 15. Life on land, Miljövetenskap, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, 0305 other medical science, Plastic pollution, Plastics, Environmental Sciences
Abstract: Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Background: Pollution – unwanted waste released to air, water, and land by human activity – is the largest environmental cause of disease in the world today. It is responsible for an estimated nine million premature deaths per year, enormous economic losses, erosion of human capital, and degradation of ecosystems. Ocean pollution is an important, but insufficiently recognized and inadequately controlled component of global pollution. It poses serious threats to human health and well-being. The nature and magnitude of these impacts are only beginning to be understood. Goals: (1) Broadly examine the known and potential impacts of ocean pollution on human health. (2) Inform policy makers, government leaders, international organizations, civil society, and the global public of these threats. (3) Propose priorities for interventions to control and prevent pollution of the seas and safeguard human health. Methods: Topic-focused reviews that examine the effects of ocean pollution on human health, identify gaps in knowledge, project future trends, and offer evidence-based guidance for effective intervention. Environmental Findings: Pollution of the oceans is widespread, worsening, and in most countries poorly controlled. It is a complex mixture of toxic metals, plastics, manufactured chemicals, petroleum, urban and industrial wastes, pesticides, fertilizers, pharmaceutical chemicals, agricultural runoff, and sewage. More than 80% arises from land-based sources. It reaches the oceans through rivers, runoff, atmospheric deposition and direct discharges. It is often heaviest near the coasts and most highly concentrated along the coasts of low- and middle-income countries. Plastic is a rapidly increasing and highly visible component of ocean pollution, and an estimated 10 million metric tons of plastic waste enter the seas each year. Mercury is the metal pollutant of greatest concern in the oceans; it is released from two main sources – coal combustion and small-scale gold mining. Global spread of industrialized agriculture with increasing use of chemical fertilizer leads to extension of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) to previously unaffected regions. Chemical pollutants are ubiquitous and contaminate seas and marine organisms from the high Arctic to the abyssal depths. Ecosystem Findings: Ocean pollution has multiple negative impacts on marine ecosystems, and these impacts are exacerbated by global climate change. Petroleum-based pollutants reduce photosynthesis in marine microorganisms that generate oxygen. Increasing absorption of carbon dioxide into the seas causes ocean acidification, which destroys coral reefs, impairs shellfish development, dissolves calcium-containing microorganisms at the base of the marine food web, and increases the toxicity of some pollutants. Plastic pollution threatens marine mammals, fish, and seabirds and accumulates in large mid-ocean gyres. It breaks down into microplastic and nanoplastic particles containing multiple manufactured chemicals that can enter the tissues of marine organisms, including species consumed by humans. Industrial releases, runoff, and sewage increase frequency and severity of HABs, bacterial pollution, and anti-microbial resistance. Pollution and sea surface warming are triggering poleward migration of dangerous pathogens such as the Vibrio species. Industrial discharges, pharmaceutical wastes, pesticides, and sewage contribute to global declines in fish stocks. Human Health Findings: Methylmercury and PCBs are the ocean pollutants whose human health effects are best understood. Exposures of infants in utero to these pollutants through maternal consumption of contaminated seafood can damage developing brains, reduce IQ and increase children’s risks for autism, ADHD and learning disorders. Adult exposures to methylmercury increase risks for cardiovascular disease and dementia. Manufactured chemicals – phthalates, bisphenol A, flame retardants, and perfluorinated chemicals, many of them released into the seas from plastic waste – can disrupt endocrine signaling, reduce male fertility, damage the nervous system, and increase risk of cancer. HABs produce potent toxins that accumulate in fish and shellfish. When ingested, these toxins can cause severe neurological impairment and rapid death. HAB toxins can also become airborne and cause respiratory disease. Pathogenic marine bacteria cause gastrointestinal diseases and deep wound infections. With climate change and increasing pollution, risk is high that Vibrio infections, including cholera, will increase in frequency and extend to new areas. All of the health impacts of ocean pollution fall disproportionately on vulnerable populations in the Global South – environmental injustice on a planetary scale. Conclusions: Ocean pollution is a global problem. It arises from multiple sources and crosses national boundaries. It is the consequence of reckless, shortsighted, and unsustainable exploitation of the earth’s resources. It endangers marine ecosystems. It impedes the production of atmospheric oxygen. Its threats to human health are great and growing, but still incompletely understood. Its economic costs are only beginning to be counted. Ocean pollution can be prevented. Like all forms of pollution, ocean pollution can be controlled by deploying data-driven strategies based on law, policy, technology, and enforcement that target priority pollution sources. Many countries have used these tools to control air and water pollution and are now applying them to ocean pollution. Successes achieved to date demonstrate that broader control is feasible. Heavily polluted harbors have been cleaned, estuaries rejuvenated, and coral reefs restored. Prevention of ocean pollution creates many benefits. It boosts economies, increases tourism, helps restore fisheries, and improves human health and well-being. It advances the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). These benefits will last for centuries. Recommendations: World leaders who recognize the gravity of ocean pollution, acknowledge its growing dangers, engage civil society and the global public, and take bold, evidence-based action to stop pollution at source will be critical to preventing ocean pollution and safeguarding human health. Prevention of pollution from land-based sources is key. Eliminating coal combustion and banning all uses of mercury will reduce mercury pollution. Bans on single-use plastic and better management of plastic waste reduce plastic pollution. Bans on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have reduced pollution by PCBs and DDT. Control of industrial discharges, treatment of sewage, and reduced applications of fertilizers have mitigated coastal pollution and are reducing frequency of HABs. National, regional and international marine pollution control programs that are adequately funded and backed by strong enforcement have been shown to be effective. Robust monitoring is essential to track progress. Further interventions that hold great promise include wide-scale transition to renewable fuels; transition to a circular economy that creates little waste and focuses on equity rather than on endless growth; embracing the principles of green chemistry; and building scientific capacity in all countries. Designation of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) will safeguard critical ecosystems, protect vulnerable fish stocks, and enhance human health and well-being. Creation of MPAs is an important manifestation of national and international commitment to protecting the health of the seas. The Centre Scientifique de Monaco, the Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation and the Government of the Principality of Monaco John J. Stegeman is supported by U.S. Oceans and Human Health Program (NIH grant P01ES028938 and National Science Foundation grant OCE-1840381). Lora E. Fleming is supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 774567 (H2020 SOPHIE Project) and No 666773 (H2020 BlueHealth Project). Plastic toxicity research for Dimitri Deheyn is supported by the BEST Initiative (https://deheynlab.ucsd.edu/best-2/). Barbara Demeneix is supported by grants from the program H2020. Charles J. Dorman is supported by Science Foundation Ireland Investigator Award 13/IA/1875. William H. Gaze is supported by a Natural Environment Research Council Knowledge Exchange Fellowship NE/S006257/1 on the environmental dimension of antimicrobial resistance. Philippe Grandjean is supported by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) of the NIH (grant No. ES027706), a Superfund center grant for the Sources, Transport, Exposure and Effects of Perfluoroalkyl Substances (STEEP) Center. Mark E. Hahn is supported by U.S. Oceans and Human Health Program (NIH grant P01ES028938 and National Science Foundation grant OCE-1840381). Amro Hamdoun is supported by NIH and NSF Program on Oceans and Human Health Grants NIH ES030318 and NSF 1840844. Philipp Hess is supported by the IAEA Core Research Project K41014, by the European H2020 program for funding the EMERTOX project (grant number 778069), by the Atlantic Interreg (grant number Alertox-Net EAPA-317-2016) and by EFSA for the project EUROCIGUA (framework partnership agreement GP/EFSA/AFSCO/2015/03). Rachel T. Noble was supported by the US National Science Foundation Accelerating Innovations in Research #1602023 and the NOAA NERRS Science Collaborative. Maria Luiza Pedrotti is supported by Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). Luigi Vezzulli is supported by the following grants: European FP7 Program Grant AQUAVALENS 311846 and European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program Grant VIVALDI 678589. Pál Weihe is supported by the Danish EPA programme: Danish Cooperation for Environment in the Arctic and by the Faroese Research Council.
Published: 2020

8. Overview on the distribution of gorgonian species in Tunisian marine coastal waters (central Mediterranean)

Author: Ghanem, Raouia, Soufi Kechaou, Emna, Ben Souissi, Jamila, Garrabou, Joaquim, Mediterranean Science Commission, Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation, and Generalitat de Catalunya
Subjects: gorgonias, coralígeno, octocorales, buceo científico, Túnez, conocimiento ecológico local, conservación, sea fans, coralligenous, octocorals, scientific diving, Tunisia, local ecological knowledge, conservation
Abstract: Gorgonian species play an important ecological role in the structure and function of marine communities. Human activities are negatively affecting the conservation status of gorgonian populations in the Mediterranean. Acquiring knowledge of gorgonian distribution is therefore a key step required to promote efficient management and conservation actions. However, information on the distribution of gorgonian species is lacking in many Mediterranean areas. This study aimed to provide an overview of the geographic and bathymetric distributions of gorgonians in the coastal waters of the Tunisian coast (1136 km). The sampling design encompassed three sectors, 27 localities and 87 sites. Information was collected from scuba diving (26 sites) and local ecological knowledge surveys of fishermen and divers (132 interviews), as well as from a literature review. Overall, the occurrence of eight gorgonians was confirmed at 54 out of the 87 sites surveyed in Tunisian coastal waters (7-120 m depth). The species that were found were Eunicella singularis, Eunicella cavolini, Paramuricea clavata, Paramuricea macrospina, Leptogorgia sarmentosa, Eunicella verrucosa, Corallium rubrum and Ellisella paraplexauroides. The highest gorgonian species richness and abundance was recorded in northern, followed by eastern Tunisian waters. In the southern areas only one species was recorded. This pattern was related to the rocky substrate that characterizes the northern and eastern coasts of Tunisia. This study is the first to report the occurrence of E. singularis, E. cavolini, E. verrucosa and Leptogorgia sarmentosa in northern and eastern Tunisian waters. The results are discussed in the hope of guiding future conservation and management actions for gorgonian assemblages in Tunisia., Las especies de gorgonias juegan un papel ecológico importante en la estructura y función de las comunidades marinas. Las perturbaciones asociadas a las actividades humanas están afectando negativamente el estado de conservación de las poblaciones de gorgonias en el Mediterráneo. Conocer la distribución de las especies de gorgonias es una etapa clave para promover planes de gestión y acciones de conservación eficaces. Sin embargo, en muchas áreas del Mediterráneo no disponemos de información sobre la distribución de las especies de gorgonias. Este estudio tiene como objetivo proporcionar una visión general de la distribución geográfica y batimétrica de las especies de gorgonias en las costas de Túnez (1136 km). El diseño del muestreo abarcó 3 sectores, 27 localidades y 87 estaciones de muestreo. Se recolectó información a través de muestreos con escafandra autónoma (26 estaciones), entrevistas a pescadores y buceadores (132 entrevistas) aplicando las técnicas de Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK), así como de una revisión de la literatura disponible. En general, la presencia de ocho gorgonias se confirmó en 54 de las 87 estaciones de muestreo en la costa de Túnez (7-120 m de profundidad). Las especies encontradas fueron Eunicella singularis, Eunicella cavolini, Paramuricea clavata, Paramuricea macrospina, Leptogorgia sarmentosa, Eunicella verrucosa, Corallium rubrum y Ellisella paraplexauroides. La riqueza y abundancia de especies de gorgonias fueron más elevadas en la costa del Norte de Túnez seguida por la costa Este. En la costa del Sur solo se encontró una única especie de gorgonia. Este resultado se ha relacionado con la mayor proporción de sustrato rocoso presente a las costas del norte y este de Túnez. Este estudio permitió citar la presencia por primera vez de las especies de gorgonias Eunicella singularis, E. cavolini, E. verrucosa y Leptogorgia sarmentosa en la costa del norte y este de Túnez. Los resultados obtenidos pretenden contribuir a la adopción de acciones de gestión y conservación de las poblaciones de gorgonias en Túnez.
Published: 2018
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9. Distribución de las especies de gorgonias en las aguas costeras marinas de Túnez (Mediterráneo Central)

Author: Raouia Ghanem, Emna Soufi Kechaou, Jamila Ben Souissi, Joaquim Garrabou, Generalitat de Catalunya, Fondation Prince Albert II de Monaco, and Mediterranean Science Commission
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Tunisia, Leptogorgia sarmentosa, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, SH1-691, Conservation, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling, Coralígeno, Buceo científico, Eunicella singularis, Túnez, Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling, Sea fans, Octocorales, lcsh:SH1-691, Local ecological knowledge, biology, Octocorals, ved/biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Scientific diving, biology.organism_classification, Scuba diving, Coralligenous, Conocimiento ecológico local, Geography, Gorgonian, Eunicella cavolini, Conservación, Eunicella, Species richness, Gorgonias, Paramuricea clavata
Abstract: 12 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables, [EN] Gorgonian species play an important ecological role in the structure and function of marine communities. Human activities are negatively affecting the conservation status of gorgonian populations in the Mediterranean. Acquiring knowledge of gorgonian distribution is therefore a key step required to promote efficient management and conservation actions. However, information on the distribution of gorgonian species is lacking in many Mediterranean areas. This study aimed to provide an overview of the geographic and bathymetric distributions of gorgonians in the coastal waters of the Tunisian coast (1136 km). The sampling design encompassed three sectors, 27 localities and 87 sites. Information was collected from scuba diving (26 sites) and local ecological knowledge surveys of fishermen and divers (132 interviews), as well as from a literature review. Overall, the occurrence of eight gorgonians was confirmed at 54 out of the 87 sites surveyed in Tunisian coastal waters (7-120 m depth). The species that were found were Eunicella singularis, Eunicella cavolini, Paramuricea clavata, Paramuricea macrospina, Leptogorgia sarmentosa, Eunicella verrucosa, Corallium rubrum and Ellisella paraplexauroides. The highest gorgonian species richness and abundance was recorded in northern, followed by eastern Tunisian waters. In the southern areas only one species was recorded. This pattern was related to the rocky substrate that characterizes the northern and eastern coasts of Tunisia. This study is the first to report the occurrence of E. singularis, E. cavolini, E. verrucosa and Leptogorgia sarmentosa in northern and eastern Tunisian waters. The results are discussed in the hope of guiding future conservation and management actions for gorgonian assemblages in Tunisia, [ES] Las especies de gorgonias juegan un papel ecológico importante en la estructura y función de las comunidades marinas. Las perturbaciones asociadas a las actividades humanas están afectando negativamente el estado de conservación de las poblaciones de gorgonias en el Mediterráneo. Conocer la distribución de las especies de gorgonias es una etapa clave para promover planes de gestión y acciones de conservación eficaces. Sin embargo, en muchas áreas del Mediterráneo no disponemos de información sobre la distribución de las especies de gorgonias. Este estudio tiene como objetivo proporcionar una visión general de la distribución geográfica y batimétrica de las especies de gorgonias en las costas de Túnez (1136 km). El diseño del muestreo abarcó 3 sectores, 27 localidades y 87 estaciones de muestreo. Se recolectó información a través de muestreos con escafandra autónoma (26 estaciones), entrevistas a pescadores y buceadores (132 entrevistas) aplicando las técnicas de Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK), así como de una revisión de la literatura disponible. En general, la presencia de ocho gorgonias se confirmó en 54 de las 87 estaciones de muestreo en la costa de Túnez (7-120 m de profundidad). Las especies encontradas fueron Eunicella singularis, Eunicella cavolini, Paramuricea clavata, Paramuricea macrospina, Leptogorgia sarmentosa, Eunicella verrucosa, Corallium rubrum y Ellisella paraplexauroides. La riqueza y abundancia de especies de gorgonias fueron más elevadas en la costa del Norte de Túnez seguida por la costa Este. En la costa del Sur solo se encontró una única especie de gorgonia. Este resultado se ha relacionado con la mayor proporción de sustrato rocoso presente a las costas del norte y este de Túnez. Este estudio permitió citar la presencia por primera vez de las especies de gorgonias Eunicella singularis, E. cavolini, E. verrucosa y Leptogorgia sarmentosa en la costa del norte y este de Túnez. Los resultados obtenidos pretenden contribuir a la adopción de acciones de gestión y conservación de las poblaciones de gorgonias en Túnez, This study was supported by the “Tropical signals program” of the Mediterranean Science Commission and was partially funded by the Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation “MIMOSA project Are Mediterranean marine protected areas efficient against warming effects?”.Joaquim Garrabou is part of the Marine Conservation Research Group (MedRecover, 2014 SGR 1297) from the Generalitat de Catalunya
Published: 2018
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10. Impacts of ocean acidification in a warming Mediterranean Sea: An overview

Author: Jason M. Hall-Spencer, Frédéric Gazeau, Mine Cinar, Thomas Lacoue-Labarthe, Paulo A.L.D. Nunes, Nathalie Hilmi, Paula Moschella, Alain Safa, Patrizia Ziveri, Didier Sauzade, Carol Turley, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environment Laboratories (IAEA), International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), The World Bank, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Loyola University [Chicago], Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), The Mediterranean Science Commission (CIESM), Skill Partners, CAR/PB Centre d'Activités Régionales / Plan Bleu (CAR/PB), PNUE-PAM Plan d'Action pour la Méditerranée (PAM), Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plymouth Marine Laboratory, and Centre Scientifique de Monaco
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, Ecosystem vulnerability, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, warming, habitat loss, Fisheries, Aquatic Science, Mediterranean, Fish stock, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, Acidification, acidification, Mediterranean sea, Aquaculture, Climate change, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ecology, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ocean acidification, Pelagic zone, Habitat loss, 15. Life on land, Fishery, climate change, 13. Climate action, fisheries, ecosystem vulnerability, Environmental science, Animal Science and Zoology, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, Warming, business, ecosystem services
Abstract: 11 pages, 6 figures, Mediterranean Sea fisheries supply significant local and international markets, based largely on small pelagic fish, artisanal fisheries and aquaculture of finfish (mainly seabass and seabream) and shellfish (mussels and oysters). Fisheries and aquaculture contribute to the economy of countries bordering this sea and provide food and employment to coastal communities employing ca 600,000 people. Increasing temperatures and heat wave frequency are causing stress and mortality in marine organisms and ocean acidification is expected to worsen these effects, especially for bivalves and coralligenous systems. Recruitment and seed production present possible bottlenecks for shellfish aquaculture in the future since early life stages are vulnerable to acidification and warming. Although adult finfish seem able to withstand the projected increases in seawater CO, degradation of seabed habitats and increases in harmful blooms of algae and jellyfish might adversely affect fish stocks. Ocean acidification should therefore be factored into fisheries and aquaculture management plans. Rising CO levels are expected to reduce coastal biodiversity, altering ecosystem functioning and possibly impacting tourism being the Mediterranean the world's most visited region. We recommend that ocean acidification is monitored in key areas of the Mediterranean Sea, with regular assessments of the likely socio-economic impacts to build adaptive strategies for the Mediterranean countries concerned, This study was conducted as part of the Centre Scientifique de Monaco research program, funded by the Government of the Principality of Monaco
Published: 2016

11. The Ocean Sampling Day Consortium

Author: Oleksandra Bobrova, Petra ten Hoopen, Rodrigo Costa, Rania Siam, Rehab Z. Abdallah, Jorge A. Herrera Silveira, Catarina Magalhães, Nedime Serakinci, Marie E. DeLorenzo, Riccardo Rosselli, Paul Malthouse, Lise Øvreås, Eyjólfur Reynisson, Susan Gebbels, Francesca Malfatti, Frank Oliver Glöckner, Federico M. Lauro, Hans Erik Karlsen, David Wallom, Christian Jeanthon, Mark J. Costello, Fergal O'Gara, Nadezhda Todorova, Ana C. Costa, Monia El Bour, Paul D. van Ruth, Ivaylo Kostadinov, Martin Ostrowski, Jed A. Fuhrman, Viggo Marteinsson, Thierry Cariou, Hiroyuki Ogata, Maria Luiza Pedrotti, Emilie Villar, Federico Baltar, Sandi Orlić, Valentina Turk, Katja Lehmann, Dawn Field, Renzo Kottmann, Florence Jude-Lemeilleur, Daniel Vaulot, Alessandro Vezzi, Neil M Davies, Mahrous M. Kandil, Véronique Berteaux-Lecellier, Christopher D. Sinigalliano, Timothy W. Davis, Peter N. Golyshin, Stéphane L'Haridon, Jonathan A. Martinez, Sandra Ramos, Pascal Conan, Ma. Leopoldina Aguirre-Macedo, Antonio Fernandez-Guerra, Soumya Essayeh, Clara Loureiro, Edvardsen Bente, Noureddine Boukhatem, Rachelle M. Jensen, Sophie Pitois, Bouchra Chaouni, Kate Munnik, Anke Kremp, Stephane Pesant, Roberto Danovaro, Cecilia Alonso, Said Barrijal, Jodie van de Kamp, Michail M. Yakimov, Nicole J. Poulton, Zackary I. Johnson, Adriana Zingone, Bernardo Duarte, Ilkay Salihoglu, Paraskevi N. Polymenakou, Jack A. Gilbert, Melody S. Clark, Ian Salter, Hassan Ghazal, Julie LaRoche, J. Mortelmans, Ranjith Edirisinghe, Grazia Marina Quero, Dion Matthew Frederick Frampton, Isabel Caçador, Georgios Tsiamis, Declan C. Schroeder, Jamie Hinks, Ana Martins, Noga Stambler, Rachel Collin, João Canning-Clode, Tinkara Tinta, Mesude Bicak, Scott Jones, Valentina Amaral, Matthias S. Ullrich, Gunnar Gerdts, Klaas Deneudt, Michael Steinke, Mohamed Bennani, Rafael Santana, Fabio De Pascale, Jennifer Tolman, Juan Iriberri, Levente Bodrossy, Abderrahim Bouali, Antonella Penna, Bruno Cataletto, Josep M. Gasol, Florencia Biancalana, Maribeth L. Gidley, Stephen A. Jackson, Mahmut Cerkez Ergoren, Carolin R. Löscher, Antje Wichels, Ventzislav Karamfilov, R. Eric Collins, Sara Ettamimi, Riccardo Schiavon, Mohammed Timinouni, Christina Bienhold, Julia Schnetzer, Marc E. Frischer, Wayne J. Fuller, Simon Claus, Ibon Cancio, Guy Cochrane, Patrick Martin, Gian Marco Luna, Snejana Moncheva, Linda A. Amaral-Zettler, Eva C. Sonnenschein, Paul Anders Fronth Nyhus, Shiao Y. Wang, Antonina Dos Santos, Eyal Rahav, Eileen Bresnan, Anna Kopf, Barker Katherine, Michèle Barbier, Naiara Rodríguez-Ezpeleta, Kemal Can Bizsel, Tim Ingleton, Patricia Wecker, Julia A. Busch, Kelly D. Goodwin, El Houcine Zaid, Rajaa Chahboune, Takashi Yoshida, Fatima El Otmani, Marianna Mea, Nina Dzhembekova, Anne-Lise Ducluzeau, Christopher P. Meyer, Georgios Kotoulas, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Jacobs University [Bremen], University of Oxford, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Oxfordshire UK, Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), American University in Cairo, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University College Cork (UCC), Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), Institut Ruder Boskovic, Institut Ruđer Bošković (IRB), University of Essex, Carl Von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg = Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg (OFFIS), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Smithonian Environmental Research Center, Research Center, Odessa National I.I.Mechnikov University, Matis Ltd, Universidade dos Açores, Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), University of Bergen (UiB), Dalhousie University [Halifax], Università di Urbino, Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, Smithsonian Institution, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research [Matosinhos, Portugal] (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Mississippi State University [Mississippi], Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, Smithsonian Marine Station, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, University of Southern California (USC), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Universidad de la República [Montevideo] (UDELAR), Bar-Ilan University [Israël], The Interuniversity Institute for marine Science in Eilat, IAMC-CNR, Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero &ndash, University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Macquarie University, South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI), South Australian Research and Development Institute, Flanders Marine Institute, VLIZ, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science [Weymouth] (CEFAS), University of Algarve [Portugal], Marine Biological Association of the UK, Department of Chemistry, Alexandria University [Alexandrie], Argentine Institute of Oceanography, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Kyoto University, University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Waters, wetlands & coasts Sydney, Lwande technologies Cape Town, AZTI (AZTI), AZTI, Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Université Mohammed Premier [Oujda], Université Mohammed V de Rabat [Agdal] (UM5), Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi (UAE), Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Faculty of Sciences, Rabat, Morocco., Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), European Bioinformatics Institute [Hinxton] (EMBL-EBI), EMBL Heidelberg, Université de Brest (UBO), Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi = Dokuz Eylül University [Izmir] (DEÜ), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Singapore centre for environmental life sciences engineering, Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], Indigo V Expeditions, Newcastle University [Newcastle], Instituto Português de Investigação do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Information génomique et structurale (IGS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Bremen, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e di Oceanografia Sperimentale (OGS), Rajarata University of Sri-Lanka (RUSL), University of Southern Mississippi (USM), Mediterranean Science Commission, National institute of biology Fornace, Near East University, Marine Scotland Marine Laboratory, Kind of Blue Project ABS, University of Oslo (UiO), Marine biology research station, Bangor University, Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Fridtjof Nansen Institute of oceanology, Duke University [Durham], Miami University, Miami University [Ohio] (MU), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Polytechnic University of Marche, University of Patras, British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), INSTIM, University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), University of Hawaii, University of Auckland [Auckland], Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), University of Chicago, Brown University, Zhejiang University, Argonne National Laboratory [Lemont] (ANL), Department of Mathematics [Berkeley], University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa, Kopf, A, Bicak, M, Kottmann, R, Schnetzer, J, Kostadinov, I, Lehmann, K, Fernandez-Guerra, A, Jeanthon, C, Rahav, E, Ullrich, M, Wichels, A, Gerdts, G, Polymenakou, P, Kotoulas, G, Siam, R, Abdallah, Rz, Sonnenschein, Ec, Cariou, T, O'Gara, F, Jackson, S, Orlic, S, Steinke, M, Busch, J, Duarte, B, Cacador, I, Canning-Clode, J, Bobrova, O, Marteinsson, V, Reynisson, E, Loureiro, Cm, Luna, Gm, Quero, Gm, Loscher, Cr, Kremp, A, Delorenzo, Me, Ovreas, L, Tolman, J, Laroche, J, Penna, A, Frischer, M, Davis, T, Katherine, B, Meyer, Cp, Ramos, S, Magalhaes, C, Jude-Lemeilleur, F, Aguirre-Macedo, Ml, Wang, S, Poulton, N, Jones, S, Collin, R, Fuhrman, Ja, Conan, P, Alonso, C, Stambler, N, Goodwin, K, Yakimov, Mm, Baltar, F, Bodrossy, L, Van De Kamp, J, Frampton, Dmf, Ostrowski, M, Van Ruth, P, Malthouse, P, Claus, S, Deneudt, K, Mortelmans, J, Pitois, S, Wallom, D, Salter, I, Costa, R, Schroeder, Dc, Kandil, Mm, Amaral, V, Biancalana, F, Santana, R, Pedrotti, Ml, Yoshida, T, Ogata, H, Ingleton, T, Munnik, K, Rodriguez-Ezpeleta, N, Berteaux-Lecellier, V, Wecker, P, Cancio, I, Vaulot, D, Bienhold, C, Ghazal, H, Chaouni, B, Essayeh, S, Ettamimi, S, Zaid, E, Boukhatem, N, Bouali, A, Chahboune, R, Barrijal, S, Timinouni, M, El Otmani, F, Bennani, M, Mea, M, Todorova, N, Karamfilov, V, ten Hoopen, P, Cochrane, G, L'Haridon, S, Bizsel, Kc, Vezzi, A, Lauro, Fm, Martin, P, Jensen, Rm, Hinks, J, Gebbels, S, Rosselli, R, De Pascale, F, Schiavon, R, dos Santos, A, Villar, E, Pesant, S, Cataletto, B, Malfatti, F, Edirisinghe, R, Silveira, Jah, Barbier, M, Turk, V, Tinta, T, Fuller, Wj, Salihoglu, I, Serakinci, N, Ergoren, Mc, Bresnan, E, Iriberri, J, Nyhus, Paf, Bente, E, Karlsen, He, Golyshin, Pn, Gasol, Jm, Moncheva, S, Dzhembekova, N, Johnson, Z, Sinigalliano, Cd, Gidley, Ml, Zingone, A, Danovaro, R, Tsiamis, G, Clark, M, Costa, Ac, El Bour, M, Martins, Am, Collins, Re, Ducluzeau, Al, Martinez, J, Costello, Mj, Amaral-Zettler, La, Gilbert, Ja, Davies, N, Field, D, Glockner, Fo, European Commission, University of Oxford [Oxford], Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research - IOLR (ISRAEL), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU), Carl Von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Universidade do Porto, UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Universidad de la República [Montevideo] (UCUR), Kyoto University [Kyoto], Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), University of Mohammed V, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Rajarata University of Sri-Lanka, University of Patras [Patras], University of California [Berkeley], and University of California-University of California
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biodiversity, Marine life, 01 natural sciences, Bacteria, Genomics, Health Index, Marine, Metagenomics, Micro B3, Microorganism, OSD, Ocean sampling day, Standards, 11. Sustainability, Data and Information, Ocean Sampling Day, biodiversity, genomics, health index, bacteria, microorganism, metagenomics, marine, standards, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, Environmental resource management, Geology, Computer Science Applications, Interdisciplinary Natural Sciences, Microbial biodiversity, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Ocean sampling day, OSD, Biodiversity, Genomics, Health Index, Bacteria, Microorganism, Metagenomics,Marine, Micro B3, Standards, Oceans and Seas, Microorganisms, Marine Biology, Health Informatics, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Biology, Ecology and Environment, Metagenomic, 03 medical and health sciences, Health index, Medisinske Fag: 700 [VDP], SDG 14 - Life Below Water, 14. Life underwater, 030304 developmental biology, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ocean sampling, 13. Climate action, Commentary, Genomic, Database Management Systems, Global Ocean, business
Abstract: Kopf, Anna ... et. al.-- 5 pages, 1 figure.-- This manuscript is NOAA-GLERL contribution number 1763, Ocean Sampling Day was initiated by the EU-funded Micro B3 (Marine Microbial Biodiversity, Bioinformatics, Biotechnology) project to obtain a snapshot of the marine microbial biodiversity and function of the world’s oceans. It is a simultaneous global mega-sequencing campaign aiming to generate the largest standardized microbial data set in a single day. This will be achievable only through the coordinated efforts of an Ocean Sampling Day Consortium, supportive partnerships and networks between sites. This commentary outlines the establishment, function and aims of the Consortium and describes our vision for a sustainable study of marine microbial communities and their embedded functional traits, This work was supported by the Micro B3 project, which is funded from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7; Joint Call OCEAN.2011‐2: Marine microbial diversity – new insights into marine ecosystems functioning and its biotechnological potential) under the grant agreement no 287589
Published: 2015

12. Unveiling microbial life in new deep-sea hypersaline Lake Thetis. Part I: Prokaryotes and environmental settings

Author: La Cono, Violetta, Smedile, Francesco, Bortoluzzi, Giovanni, Arcadi, Erika, Maimone, Giovanna, Messina, Enzo, Borghini, Mireno, Oliveri, Elvira, Mazzola, Salvatore, L'Haridon, Stéphane, Toffin, Laurent, Genovese, Lucrezia, Ferrer, Manuel, Giuliano, Laura, Golyshin, Peter N., Yakimov, Michail M., Insitute for Coastal Marine Environment, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), Laboratoire de microbiologie des environnements extrêmophiles (LM2E), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero (CNR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Mediterranean Science Commission, School of Biological Sciences [Bangor], and Bangor University
Subjects: [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology
Abstract: In September 2008, an expedition of the RV Urania was devoted to exploration of the genomic richness of deep hypersaline anoxic lakes (DHALs) located in the Western part of the Mediterranean Ridge. Approximately 40 nautical miles SE from Urania Lake, the presence of anoxic hypersaline lake, which we named Thetis, was confirmed by swath bathymetry profiling and through immediate sampling casts. The brine surface of the Thetis Lake is located at a depth of 3258 m with a thickness of similar to 157 m. Brine composition was found to be thalassohaline, saturated by NaCl with a total salinity of 348 parts per thousand, which is one of highest value reported for DHALs. Similarly to other Mediterranean DHALs, seawater-brine interface of Thetis represents a steep pycno- and chemocline with gradients of salinity, electron donors and acceptors and posseses a remarkable stratification of prokaryotic communities, observed to be more metabolically active in the upper interface where redox gradient was sharper. [C-14]-bicarbonate fixation analysis revealed that microbial communities are sustained by sulfur-oxidizing chemolithoautotrophic primary producers that thrive within upper interface. Besides microaerophilic autotrophy, heterotrophic sulfate reduction, methanogenesis and anaerobic methane oxidation are likely the predominant processes driving the ecosystem of Thetis Lake.
Published: 2011

13. Hydrostatic pressure effects membrane and storage lipid compositions of the piezotolerant hydrocarbon-degrading Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus strain #5

Author: Grossi, Vincent, Yakimov, Michail M., Al Ali, Badr, Tapilatu, Yosmina, CUNY, Philippe, Goutx, Madeleine, La Cono, Violetta, Giuliano, Laura, TAMBURINI, Christian, PaleoEnvironnements et PaleobioSphere (PEPS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Insitute for Coastal Marine Environment, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Laboratoire de MicrobiologiE de Géochimie et d'Ecologie Marines (LMGEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Mediterranean Science Commission, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Science Foundation : MIDDLE 06-EuroDEEP-FP-004, CNRS-INSU : BIOHYDEX EC2CO, and National Council of Research (CNR)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, DEEP-SEA BACTERIUM, TRIACYLGLYCEROL BIOSYNTHESIS, MARINE-SEDIMENTS, GROWTH TEMPERATURE, MEDITERRANEAN SEA, BIODEGRADATION, FATTY-ACIDS, WAX ESTER, PROKARYOTES, BAROPHILIC BACTERIA, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; A new piezotolerant alkane-degrading bacterium (Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus strain #5) was isolated from deep (3475 m) Mediterranean seawater and grown at atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa) and at 35 MPa with hexadecane as sole source of carbon and energy. Modification of the hydrostatic pressure influenced neither the growth rate nor the amount of degraded hexadecane 90%) during 13 days of incubation. However, the lipid composition of the cells sharply differed under both pressure conditions. At 0.1 MPa, M. hydrocarbonoclasticus #5 biosynthesized large amounts 62% of the total cellular lipids) of hexadecane-derived wax esters (WEs), which accumulated in the cells under the form of individual lipid bodies. Intracellular WEs were also synthesized at 35 MPa, but their proportion was half that at 0.1 MPa. This lower WE content at high pressure was balanced by an increase in the total cellular phospholipid content. The chemical composition of WEs formed under both pressure conditions also strongly differed. Saturated WEs were preferentially formed at 0.1 MPa whereas diunsaturated WEs dominated at 35 MPa. This increase of the unsaturation ratio of WEs resembled the one classically observed for bacterial membrane lipid homeostasis. Remarkably, the unsaturation ratio of membrane fatty acids of M. hydrocarbonoclasticus grown at 35 MPa was only slightly higher than at 0.1 MPa. Overall, the results suggest that intracellular WEs and phospholipids play complementary roles in the physiological adaptation of strain #5 to different hydrostatic pressures.
Published: 2010

14. A new reference material for radionuclides in the mussel sample from the Mediterranean Sea (IAEA-437)

Author: Zsolt Varga, E. C. Calvo, M. Kloster, M. K. Pham, A. Nourredine, F. Legarda, J. Schikowski, Joan-Albert Sanchez-Cabeza, M. Pellicciari, Matthias Köhler, Mikael Hult, M. Takeishi, G. Kanisch, Elis Holm, M. Llaurado, M. Betti, J. La Rosa, Hervé Thébault, U. Rieth, M. Benmansour, Pavel P. Povinec, C. Ilchmann, H. Satake, A. M. Rodriguez y Baena, P. Bouisset, R. Bojanowski, J.-S. Oh, G. J. Ham, Marine Environment Laboratories [Monaco] (IAEA-MEL), International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Bratislava, Slovakia, CNESTEN, Centre National de l'Energie, des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires, PRP-ENV/STEME/LMRE, Laboratoire de Mesure de la Radioactivité dans l’Environnement, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Centro Nacional de Aceleradores, Sevilla, Spain, Centro Nacional de Aceleradores, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England [London], Lund University and Lund University Hospital, JRC Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements [Geel] (IRMM), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Geel] (JRC), Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Institute of Sea Fisheries, National Institute of Standards and Technology [Gaithersburg] (NIST), Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [Espagne] (UPV/EHU), Centre de Recherche Nucléaire d'Alger (CRNA), COMENA, National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] (NOC), University of Southampton, Università dell’Insubria, The Mediterranean Science Commission (CIESM), Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute, Laboratoire d'étude radioécologique du milieu continental et marin (LERCM), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Direction de l'Environnement et de l'Intervention, Institute of Isotopes (II), and Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)
Subjects: uranium 238, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, uranium 234, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], uranium 235, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, water quality, plutonium 240, Analytical Chemistry, thorium 232, Mediterranean sea, thorium 230, americium 241, Spectroscopy, article, Pollution, Environmental chemistry, laboratory test, radioactivity, Strontium-90, strontium 90, chemistry.chemical_element, Radon, lead 210, 010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry, radium 226, Plutonium-240, radium 228, Mediterranean Sea, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, 14. Life underwater, radioisotope, quality control, potassium 40, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Radionuclide, nonhuman, cesium 137, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Mussel, 0104 chemical sciences, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, Mytilus galloprovincialis, plutonium 239, plutonium 238, Environmental science, Water quality, iodine 129, polonium, Plutonium-238
Abstract: A new Reference Material (RM) for radionuclides in mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from the Mediterranean Sea (IAEA-437) is described and the results of the certification process are presented. Four radionuclides ( 40K, 234U, 238U, and 239+240Pu) have been certified, and information values on massic activities with 95% confidence intervals are given for nine radionuclides (137Cs, 210Pb(210Po), 226Ra, 228Ra, 228Th, 230Th, 232Th, 235U, and 241Am). Results for less frequently reported radionuclides ( 90Sr, 129I, 238Pu, 239Pu, and 240Pu) are also reported. The RM can be used for quality assurance/quality control of the analysis of radionuclides in mussel samples, for the development and validation of analytical methods and for training purposes. The material is available in 200 g units.
Published: 2010

15. Towards improved socio-economic assessments of ocean acidification’s impacts

Author: Carol Turley, Sarah R. Cooley, Denis Allemand, Sam Dupont, Stéphanie Reynaud, Chris Moore, Caroline Hattam, Jason M. Hall-Spencer, Philip L. Munday, Paulo A.L.D. Nunes, Alain Safa, Gunnar Haraldsson, Nathalie Hilmi, Ross A. Jeffree, James C. Orr, Maoz Fine, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), International Atomic Energy Agency - Environment Laboratories Monaco (IAEA-EL), Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Gothenburg], University of Gothenburg (GU), OECD, Environment Directorate, The Mediterranean Science Commission (CIESM), US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth University, Bar-Ilan University [Israël], University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), The ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reefs Studies [Townsville, Australie] (ARC), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economiques = Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OCDE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Social Welfare, Biology, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Goods and services, 14. Life underwater, Economic impact analysis, Environmental planning, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Valuation (finance), [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Review, Concept, and Synthesis, Ecology, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Environmental resource management, Ocean acidification, Global change, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Economic data, 13. Climate action, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q5 - Environmental Economics/Q.Q5.Q51 - Valuation of Environmental Effects, business, Tourism
Abstract: Ocean acidification is increasingly recognized as a component of global change that could have a wide range of impacts on marine organisms, the ecosystems they live in, and the goods and services they provide humankind. Assessment of these potential socio-economic impacts requires integrated efforts between biologists, chemists, oceanographers, economists and social scientists. But because ocean acidification is a new research area, significant knowledge gaps are preventing economists from estimating its welfare impacts. For instance, economic data on the impact of ocean acidification on significant markets such as fisheries, aquaculture and tourism are very limited (if not non-existent), and non-market valuation studies on this topic are not yet available. Our paper summarizes the current understanding of future OA impacts and sets out what further information is required for economists to assess socio-economic impacts of ocean acidification. Our aim is to provide clear directions for multidisciplinary collaborative research. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00227-012-2031-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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16. Interplay of intracellular and trans-cellular DNA methylation in natural archaeal consortia.

Author: Reva ON, La Cono V, Crisafi F, Smedile F, Mudaliyar M, Ghosal D, Giuliano L, Krupovic M, and Yakimov MM
Subjects: Gene Expression Profiling, Gene Expression, Methyltransferases genetics, DNA, Archaeal genetics, DNA Methylation, Archaea genetics
Abstract: DNA methylation serves a variety of functions across all life domains. In this study, we investigated archaeal methylomics within a tripartite xylanolytic halophilic consortium. This consortium includes Haloferax lucertense SVX82, Halorhabdus sp. SVX81, and an ectosymbiotic Candidatus Nanohalococcus occultus SVXNc, a nano-sized archaeon from the DPANN superphylum. We utilized PacBio SMRT and Illumina cDNA sequencing to analyse samples from consortia of different compositions for methylomics and transcriptomics. Endogenous cTAG methylation, typical of Haloferax, was accompanied in this strain by methylation at four other motifs, including GDGcHC methylation, which is specific to the ectosymbiont. Our analysis of the distribution of methylated and unmethylated motifs suggests that autochthonous cTAG methylation may influence gene regulation. The frequency of GRAGAaG methylation increased in highly expressed genes, while CcTTG and GTCGaGG methylation could be linked to restriction-modification (RM) activity. Generally, the RM activity might have been reduced during the evolution of this archaeon to balance the protection of cells from intruders, the reduction of DNA damage due to self-restriction in stressful environments, and the benefits of DNA exchange under extreme conditions. Our methylomics, transcriptomics and complementary electron cryotomography (cryo-ET) data suggest that the nanohaloarchaeon exports its methyltransferase to methylate the Haloferax genome, unveiling a new aspect of the interaction between the symbiont and its host., (© 2024 The Authors. Environmental Microbiology Reports published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2024
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17. Universities should lead on the plant-based dietary transition.

Author: Krattenmacher J, Casal P, Dutkiewicz J, Huchard E, Sanders E, Treich N, Wadiwel D, Williams A, Bègue L, Cardilini APA, Dhont K, Dugnoille J, Espinosa R, Gagliano M, Lairon D, Maheta M, Mendez L, Nowicki P, Quinn TP, Razum O, Ripple WJ, Rothgerber H, and Twine R
Subjects: Universities, Diet, Feeding Behavior
Published: 2023
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18. Human Health and Ocean Pollution.

Author: Landrigan PJ, Stegeman JJ, Fleming LE, Allemand D, Anderson DM, Backer LC, Brucker-Davis F, Chevalier N, Corra L, Czerucka D, Bottein MD, Demeneix B, Depledge M, Deheyn DD, Dorman CJ, Fénichel P, Fisher S, Gaill F, Galgani F, Gaze WH, Giuliano L, Grandjean P, Hahn ME, Hamdoun A, Hess P, Judson B, Laborde A, McGlade J, Mu J, Mustapha A, Neira M, Noble RT, Pedrotti ML, Reddy C, Rocklöv J, Scharler UM, Shanmugam H, Taghian G, van de Water JAJM, Vezzulli L, Weihe P, Zeka A, Raps H, and Rampal P
Subjects: Animals, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Male, Oceans and Seas, Seawater, Water Pollution prevention & control, Ecosystem, Plastics
Abstract: Background: Pollution - unwanted waste released to air, water, and land by human activity - is the largest environmental cause of disease in the world today. It is responsible for an estimated nine million premature deaths per year, enormous economic losses, erosion of human capital, and degradation of ecosystems. Ocean pollution is an important, but insufficiently recognized and inadequately controlled component of global pollution. It poses serious threats to human health and well-being. The nature and magnitude of these impacts are only beginning to be understood., Goals: (1) Broadly examine the known and potential impacts of ocean pollution on human health. (2) Inform policy makers, government leaders, international organizations, civil society, and the global public of these threats. (3) Propose priorities for interventions to control and prevent pollution of the seas and safeguard human health., Methods: Topic-focused reviews that examine the effects of ocean pollution on human health, identify gaps in knowledge, project future trends, and offer evidence-based guidance for effective intervention., Environmental Findings: Pollution of the oceans is widespread, worsening, and in most countries poorly controlled. It is a complex mixture of toxic metals, plastics, manufactured chemicals, petroleum, urban and industrial wastes, pesticides, fertilizers, pharmaceutical chemicals, agricultural runoff, and sewage. More than 80% arises from land-based sources. It reaches the oceans through rivers, runoff, atmospheric deposition and direct discharges. It is often heaviest near the coasts and most highly concentrated along the coasts of low- and middle-income countries. Plastic is a rapidly increasing and highly visible component of ocean pollution, and an estimated 10 million metric tons of plastic waste enter the seas each year. Mercury is the metal pollutant of greatest concern in the oceans; it is released from two main sources - coal combustion and small-scale gold mining. Global spread of industrialized agriculture with increasing use of chemical fertilizer leads to extension of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) to previously unaffected regions. Chemical pollutants are ubiquitous and contaminate seas and marine organisms from the high Arctic to the abyssal depths., Ecosystem Findings: Ocean pollution has multiple negative impacts on marine ecosystems, and these impacts are exacerbated by global climate change. Petroleum-based pollutants reduce photosynthesis in marine microorganisms that generate oxygen. Increasing absorption of carbon dioxide into the seas causes ocean acidification, which destroys coral reefs, impairs shellfish development, dissolves calcium-containing microorganisms at the base of the marine food web, and increases the toxicity of some pollutants. Plastic pollution threatens marine mammals, fish, and seabirds and accumulates in large mid-ocean gyres. It breaks down into microplastic and nanoplastic particles containing multiple manufactured chemicals that can enter the tissues of marine organisms, including species consumed by humans. Industrial releases, runoff, and sewage increase frequency and severity of HABs, bacterial pollution, and anti-microbial resistance. Pollution and sea surface warming are triggering poleward migration of dangerous pathogens such as the Vibrio species. Industrial discharges, pharmaceutical wastes, pesticides, and sewage contribute to global declines in fish stocks., Human Health Findings: Methylmercury and PCBs are the ocean pollutants whose human health effects are best understood. Exposures of infants in utero to these pollutants through maternal consumption of contaminated seafood can damage developing brains, reduce IQ and increase children's risks for autism, ADHD and learning disorders. Adult exposures to methylmercury increase risks for cardiovascular disease and dementia. Manufactured chemicals - phthalates, bisphenol A, flame retardants, and perfluorinated chemicals, many of them released into the seas from plastic waste - can disrupt endocrine signaling, reduce male fertility, damage the nervous system, and increase risk of cancer. HABs produce potent toxins that accumulate in fish and shellfish. When ingested, these toxins can cause severe neurological impairment and rapid death. HAB toxins can also become airborne and cause respiratory disease. Pathogenic marine bacteria cause gastrointestinal diseases and deep wound infections. With climate change and increasing pollution, risk is high that Vibrio infections, including cholera, will increase in frequency and extend to new areas. All of the health impacts of ocean pollution fall disproportionately on vulnerable populations in the Global South - environmental injustice on a planetary scale., Conclusions: Ocean pollution is a global problem. It arises from multiple sources and crosses national boundaries. It is the consequence of reckless, shortsighted, and unsustainable exploitation of the earth's resources. It endangers marine ecosystems. It impedes the production of atmospheric oxygen. Its threats to human health are great and growing, but still incompletely understood. Its economic costs are only beginning to be counted.Ocean pollution can be prevented. Like all forms of pollution, ocean pollution can be controlled by deploying data-driven strategies based on law, policy, technology, and enforcement that target priority pollution sources. Many countries have used these tools to control air and water pollution and are now applying them to ocean pollution. Successes achieved to date demonstrate that broader control is feasible. Heavily polluted harbors have been cleaned, estuaries rejuvenated, and coral reefs restored.Prevention of ocean pollution creates many benefits. It boosts economies, increases tourism, helps restore fisheries, and improves human health and well-being. It advances the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). These benefits will last for centuries., Recommendations: World leaders who recognize the gravity of ocean pollution, acknowledge its growing dangers, engage civil society and the global public, and take bold, evidence-based action to stop pollution at source will be critical to preventing ocean pollution and safeguarding human health.Prevention of pollution from land-based sources is key. Eliminating coal combustion and banning all uses of mercury will reduce mercury pollution. Bans on single-use plastic and better management of plastic waste reduce plastic pollution. Bans on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have reduced pollution by PCBs and DDT. Control of industrial discharges, treatment of sewage, and reduced applications of fertilizers have mitigated coastal pollution and are reducing frequency of HABs. National, regional and international marine pollution control programs that are adequately funded and backed by strong enforcement have been shown to be effective. Robust monitoring is essential to track progress.Further interventions that hold great promise include wide-scale transition to renewable fuels; transition to a circular economy that creates little waste and focuses on equity rather than on endless growth; embracing the principles of green chemistry; and building scientific capacity in all countries.Designation of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) will safeguard critical ecosystems, protect vulnerable fish stocks, and enhance human health and well-being. Creation of MPAs is an important manifestation of national and international commitment to protecting the health of the seas., Competing Interests: All authors declare no Conflict of Interest in regard to the work presented in this paper with the following exceptions. – Author William H. Gaze declares no conflict of interest although he has received co-funding for PhD studentships from AstraZeneca.– Author Philippe Grandjean has provided paid expert assistance in legal cases involving populations exposed to PFAS.– Author Barbara Demeneix is an inventor of “Transgenic clawed frog embryos and used as detectors of endocrine disruption in the environment”, a French patent application filed in 2002 (n°FR0206669), that was extended through a PCT application filled in 2003. Applicants: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN). Inventors: B. Demeneix and N. Turque. The patent has been extended worldwide: France (2007), Japan (2011), United States (2013), Canada (2013) and Europe (2015). There has been no financial compensation for the patent., (Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s).)
Published: 2020
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19. Symbiosis between nanohaloarchaeon and haloarchaeon is based on utilization of different polysaccharides.

Author: La Cono V, Messina E, Rohde M, Arcadi E, Ciordia S, Crisafi F, Denaro R, Ferrer M, Giuliano L, Golyshin PN, Golyshina OV, Hallsworth JE, La Spada G, Mena MC, Merkel AY, Shevchenko MA, Smedile F, Sorokin DY, Toshchakov SV, and Yakimov MM
Subjects: Archaeal Proteins genetics, Archaeal Proteins metabolism, Coculture Techniques, Gene Expression Regulation, Archaeal, Genome, Archaeal, Genomics, Phylogeny, Halobacteriaceae physiology, Nanoarchaeota physiology, Polysaccharides metabolism, Symbiosis physiology
Abstract: Nano-sized archaeota, with their small genomes and limited metabolic capabilities, are known to associate with other microbes, thereby compensating for their own auxotrophies. These diminutive and yet ubiquitous organisms thrive in hypersaline habitats that they share with haloarchaea. Here, we reveal the genetic and physiological nature of a nanohaloarchaeon-haloarchaeon association, with both microbes obtained from a solar saltern and reproducibly cultivated together in vitro. The nanohaloarchaeon Candidatus Nanohalobium constans LC1Nh is an aerotolerant, sugar-fermenting anaerobe, lacking key anabolic machinery and respiratory complexes. The nanohaloarchaeon cells are found physically connected to the chitinolytic haloarchaeon Halomicrobium sp. LC1Hm. Our experiments revealed that this haloarchaeon can hydrolyze chitin outside the cell (to produce the monosaccharide N -acetylglucosamine), using this beta-glucan to obtain carbon and energy for growth. However, LC1Hm could not metabolize either glycogen or starch (both alpha-glucans) or other polysaccharides tested. Remarkably, the nanohaloarchaeon's ability to hydrolyze glycogen and starch to glucose enabled growth of Halomicrobium sp. LC1Hm in the absence of a chitin. These findings indicated that the nanohaloarchaeon-haloarchaeon association is both mutualistic and symbiotic; in this case, each microbe relies on its partner's ability to degrade different polysaccharides. This suggests, in turn, that other nano-sized archaeota may also be beneficial for their hosts. Given that availability of carbon substrates can vary both spatially and temporarily, the susceptibility of Halomicrobium to colonization by Ca Nanohalobium can be interpreted as a strategy to maximize the long-term fitness of the host., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interest., (Copyright © 2020 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.)
Published: 2020
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20. Author Correction: The discovery of Lake Hephaestus, the youngest athalassohaline deep-sea formation on Earth.

Author: La Cono V, Bortoluzzi G, Messina E, La Spada G, Smedile F, Giuliano L, Borghini M, Stumpp C, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Harir M, O'Neill WK, Hallsworth JE, and Yakimov M
Abstract: A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Published: 2019
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21. The discovery of Lake Hephaestus, the youngest athalassohaline deep-sea formation on Earth.

Author: La Cono V, Bortoluzzi G, Messina E, La Spada G, Smedile F, Giuliano L, Borghini M, Stumpp C, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Harir M, O'Neill WK, Hallsworth JE, and Yakimov M
Abstract: Hydrated, magnesium-rich minerals and subglacial brines exist on the martian surface, so the habitability of high-Mg 2+ environments on Earth has extraterrestrial (as well as terrestrial) implications. Here, we report the discovery of a MgCl 2 -dominated (4.72 M) brine lake on the floor of the Mediterranean Ridge that underlies a 3500-m water column, and name it Lake Hephaestus. Stable isotope analyses indicated that the Hephaestus brine is derived from interactions between ancient bishofite-enriched evaporites and subsurface fluids. Analyses of sediment pore waters indicated that the Hephaestus depression had contained the MgCl 2 brine for a remarkably short period; only 700 years. Lake Hephaestus is, therefore, the youngest among currently known submarine athalassohaline brine lakes on Earth. Due to its biologically hostile properties (low water-activity and extreme chaotropicity), the Hephaestus brine is devoid of life. By contrast, the seawater-Hephaestus brine interface has been shown to act as refuge for extremely halophilic and magnesium-adapted stratified communities of microbes, even at MgCl 2 concentrations that approach the water-activity limit for life (0.653).
Published: 2019
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22. Contribution of Bicarbonate Assimilation to Carbon Pool Dynamics in the Deep Mediterranean Sea and Cultivation of Actively Nitrifying and CO 2 -Fixing Bathypelagic Prokaryotic Consortia.

Author: La Cono V, Ruggeri G, Azzaro M, Crisafi F, Decembrini F, Denaro R, La Spada G, Maimone G, Monticelli LS, Smedile F, Giuliano L, and Yakimov MM
Abstract: Covering two-thirds of our planet, the global deep ocean plays a central role in supporting life on Earth. Among other processes, this biggest ecosystem buffers the rise of atmospheric CO 2 . Despite carbon sequestration in the deep ocean has been known for a long time, microbial activity in the meso- and bathypelagic realm via the " assimilation of bicarbonate in the dark " (ABD) has only recently been described in more details. Based on recent findings, this process seems primarily the result of chemosynthetic and anaplerotic reactions driven by different groups of deep-sea prokaryoplankton. We quantified bicarbonate assimilation in relation to total prokaryotic abundance, prokaryotic heterotrophic production and respiration in the meso- and bathypelagic Mediterranean Sea. The measured ABD values, ranging from 133 to 370 μg C m -3 d -1 , were among the highest ones reported worldwide for similar depths, likely due to the elevated temperature of the deep Mediterranean Sea (13-14°C also at abyssal depths). Integrated over the dark water column (≥200 m depth), bicarbonate assimilation in the deep-sea ranged from 396 to 873 mg C m -2 d -1 . This quantity of produced de novo organic carbon amounts to about 85-424% of the phytoplankton primary production and covers up to 62% of deep-sea prokaryotic total carbon demand. Hence, the ABD process in the meso- and bathypelagic Mediterranean Sea might substantially contribute to the inorganic and organic pool and significantly sustain the deep-sea microbial food web. To elucidate the ABD key-players, we established three actively nitrifying and CO 2 -fixing prokaryotic enrichments. Consortia were characterized by the co-occurrence of chemolithoautotrophic Thaumarchaeota and chemoheterotrophic proteobacteria. One of the enrichments, originated from Ionian bathypelagic waters (3,000 m depth) and supplemented with low concentrations of ammonia, was dominated by the Thaumarchaeota "low-ammonia-concentration" deep-sea ecotype, an enigmatic and ecologically important group of organisms, uncultured until this study.
Published: 2018
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23. Navigating the Future: Cross-sector Marine Genomics.

Author: Giuliano L, Labes A, Reich M, and Verde C
Subjects: DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic, Genetic Markers, Genetics, Population, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Species Specificity, Genomics, Marine Biology trends
Published: 2017
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24. A Three-Component Microbial Consortium from Deep-Sea Salt-Saturated Anoxic Lake Thetis Links Anaerobic Glycine Betaine Degradation with Methanogenesis.

Author: Cono VL, Arcadi E, Spada GL, Barreca D, Laganà G, Bellocco E, Catalfamo M, Smedile F, Messina E, Giuliano L, and Yakimov MM
Abstract: Microbial communities inhabiting the deep-sea salt-saturated anoxic lakes of the Eastern Mediterranean operate under harsh physical-chemical conditions that are incompatible with the lifestyle of common marine microorganisms. Here, we investigated a stable three-component microbial consortium obtained from the brine of the recently discovered deep-sea salt-saturated Lake Thetis. The trophic network of this consortium, established at salinities up to 240, relies on fermentative decomposition of common osmoprotectant glycine betaine (GB). Similarly to known extreme halophilic anaerobic GB-degrading enrichments, the initial step of GB degradation starts with its reductive cleavage to trimethylamine and acetate, carried out by the fermenting member of the Thetis enrichment, Halobacteroides lacunaris TB21. In contrast to acetate, which cannot be easily oxidized in salt-saturated anoxic environments, trimethylamine represents an advantageous C₁-substrate for methylotrophic methanogenic member of the Thetis enrichment, Methanohalophilus sp. TA21. This second member of the consortium likely produces hydrogen via methylotrophic modification of reductive acetyl-CoA pathway because the initial anaerobic GB cleavage reaction requires the consumption of reducing equivalents. Ecophysiological role of the third member of the Thetis consortium, Halanaerobium sp. TB24, which lacks the capability of either GB or trimethylamine degradation, remains yet to be elucidated. As it is true for cultivated members of family Halanaerobiaceae, the isolate TB24 can obtain energy primarily by fermenting simple sugars and producing hydrogen as one of the end products. Hence, by consuming of TB21 and TA21 metabolites, Halanaerobium sp. TB24 can be an additional provider of reducing equivalents required for reductive degradation of GB. Description of the Thetis GB-degrading consortium indicated that anaerobic degradation of osmoregulatory molecules may play important role in the overall turnover of organic carbon in anoxic hypersaline biotopes.
Published: 2015
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25. The ocean sampling day consortium.

Author: Kopf A, Bicak M, Kottmann R, Schnetzer J, Kostadinov I, Lehmann K, Fernandez-Guerra A, Jeanthon C, Rahav E, Ullrich M, Wichels A, Gerdts G, Polymenakou P, Kotoulas G, Siam R, Abdallah RZ, Sonnenschein EC, Cariou T, O'Gara F, Jackson S, Orlic S, Steinke M, Busch J, Duarte B, Caçador I, Canning-Clode J, Bobrova O, Marteinsson V, Reynisson E, Loureiro CM, Luna GM, Quero GM, Löscher CR, Kremp A, DeLorenzo ME, Øvreås L, Tolman J, LaRoche J, Penna A, Frischer M, Davis T, Katherine B, Meyer CP, Ramos S, Magalhães C, Jude-Lemeilleur F, Aguirre-Macedo ML, Wang S, Poulton N, Jones S, Collin R, Fuhrman JA, Conan P, Alonso C, Stambler N, Goodwin K, Yakimov MM, Baltar F, Bodrossy L, Van De Kamp J, Frampton DM, Ostrowski M, Van Ruth P, Malthouse P, Claus S, Deneudt K, Mortelmans J, Pitois S, Wallom D, Salter I, Costa R, Schroeder DC, Kandil MM, Amaral V, Biancalana F, Santana R, Pedrotti ML, Yoshida T, Ogata H, Ingleton T, Munnik K, Rodriguez-Ezpeleta N, Berteaux-Lecellier V, Wecker P, Cancio I, Vaulot D, Bienhold C, Ghazal H, Chaouni B, Essayeh S, Ettamimi S, Zaid el H, Boukhatem N, Bouali A, Chahboune R, Barrijal S, Timinouni M, El Otmani F, Bennani M, Mea M, Todorova N, Karamfilov V, Ten Hoopen P, Cochrane G, L'Haridon S, Bizsel KC, Vezzi A, Lauro FM, Martin P, Jensen RM, Hinks J, Gebbels S, Rosselli R, De Pascale F, Schiavon R, Dos Santos A, Villar E, Pesant S, Cataletto B, Malfatti F, Edirisinghe R, Silveira JA, Barbier M, Turk V, Tinta T, Fuller WJ, Salihoglu I, Serakinci N, Ergoren MC, Bresnan E, Iriberri J, Nyhus PA, Bente E, Karlsen HE, Golyshin PN, Gasol JM, Moncheva S, Dzhembekova N, Johnson Z, Sinigalliano CD, Gidley ML, Zingone A, Danovaro R, Tsiamis G, Clark MS, Costa AC, El Bour M, Martins AM, Collins RE, Ducluzeau AL, Martinez J, Costello MJ, Amaral-Zettler LA, Gilbert JA, Davies N, Field D, and Glöckner FO
Subjects: Biodiversity, Database Management Systems, Metagenomics, Oceans and Seas, Marine Biology
Abstract: Ocean Sampling Day was initiated by the EU-funded Micro B3 (Marine Microbial Biodiversity, Bioinformatics, Biotechnology) project to obtain a snapshot of the marine microbial biodiversity and function of the world's oceans. It is a simultaneous global mega-sequencing campaign aiming to generate the largest standardized microbial data set in a single day. This will be achievable only through the coordinated efforts of an Ocean Sampling Day Consortium, supportive partnerships and networks between sites. This commentary outlines the establishment, function and aims of the Consortium and describes our vision for a sustainable study of marine microbial communities and their embedded functional traits.
Published: 2015
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26. Shifts in the meso- and bathypelagic archaea communities composition during recovery and short-term handling of decompressed deep-sea samples.

Author: La Cono V, Smedile F, La Spada G, Arcadi E, Genovese M, Ruggeri G, Genovese L, Giuliano L, and Yakimov MM
Subjects: Adaptation, Biological, Archaea physiology, Archaea classification, Archaea isolation & purification, Biota, Decompression, Seawater microbiology
Abstract: Dark ocean microbial communities are actively involved in chemoautotrophic and anaplerotic fixation of bicarbonate. Thus, aphotic pelagic realm of the ocean might represent a significant sink of CO2 and source of primary production. However, the estimated metabolic activities in the dark ocean are fraught with uncertainties. Typically, deep-sea samples are recovered to the sea surface for downstream processing on deck. Shifts in ambient settings, associated with such treatments, can likely change the metabolic activity and community structure of deep-sea adapted autochthonous microbial populations. To estimate influence of recovery and short-term handling of deep-sea samples, we monitored the succession of bathypelagic microbial community during its 3 days long on deck incubation. We demonstrated that at the end of exposition, the deep-sea archaeal population decreased threefold, whereas the bacterial fraction doubled in size. As revealed by phylogenetic analyses of amoA gene transcripts, dominance of the active ammonium-oxidizing bathypelagic Thaumarchaeota groups shifted over time very fast. These findings demonstrated the simultaneous existence of various 'deep-sea ecotypes', differentially reacting to the sampling and downstream handling. Our study supports the hypothesis that metabolically active members of meso- and bathypelagic Thaumarchaeota possess the habitat-specific distribution, metabolic complexity and genetic divergence at subpopulation level., (© 2015 Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2015
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27. The role of environmental biotechnology in exploring, exploiting, monitoring, preserving, protecting and decontaminating the marine environment.

Author: Kalogerakis N, Arff J, Banat IM, Broch OJ, Daffonchio D, Edvardsen T, Eguiraun H, Giuliano L, Handå A, López-de-Ipiña K, Marigomez I, Martinez I, Øie G, Rojo F, Skjermo J, Zanaroli G, and Fava F
Subjects: Aquaculture, Biodegradation, Environmental, Geologic Sediments chemistry, Recycling, Water Purification, Biotechnology methods, Conservation of Natural Resources, Decontamination, Ecosystem, Environmental Monitoring, Seawater
Abstract: In light of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) and the EU Thematic Strategy on the Sustainable Use of Natural Resources, environmental biotechnology could make significant contributions in the exploitation of marine resources and addressing key marine environmental problems. In this paper 14 propositions are presented focusing on (i) the contamination of the marine environment, and more particularly how to optimize the use of biotechnology-related tools and strategies for predicting and monitoring contamination and developing mitigation measures; (ii) the exploitation of the marine biological and genetic resources to progress with the sustainable, eco-compatible use of the maritime space (issues are very diversified and include, for example, waste treatment and recycling, anti-biofouling agents; bio-plastics); (iii) environmental/marine biotechnology as a driver for a sustainable economic growth., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2015
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28. Effective bioremediation strategy for rapid in situ cleanup of anoxic marine sediments in mesocosm oil spill simulation.

Author: Genovese M, Crisafi F, Denaro R, Cappello S, Russo D, Calogero R, Santisi S, Catalfamo M, Modica A, Smedile F, Genovese L, Golyshin PN, Giuliano L, and Yakimov MM
Abstract: The purpose of present study was the simulation of an oil spill accompanied by burial of significant amount of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) in coastal sediments. Approximately 1000 kg of sediments collected in Messina harbor were spiked with Bunker C furnace fuel oil (6500 ppm). The rapid consumption of oxygen by aerobic heterotrophs created highly reduced conditions in the sediments with subsequent recession of biodegradation rates. As follows, after 3 months of ageing, the anaerobic sediments did not exhibit any significant levels of biodegradation and more than 80% of added Bunker C fuel oil remained buried. Anaerobic microbial community exhibited a strong enrichment in sulfate-reducing PHs-degrading and PHs-associated Deltaproteobacteria. As an effective bioremediation strategy to clean up these contaminated sediments, we applied a Modular Slurry System (MSS) allowing the containment of sediments and their physical-chemical treatment, e.g., aeration. Aeration for 3 months has increased the removal of main PHs contaminants up to 98%. As revealed by CARD-FISH, qPCR, and 16S rRNA gene clone library analyses, addition of Bunker C fuel oil initially affected the activity of autochthonous aerobic obligate marine hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria (OMHCB), and after 1 month more than the third of microbial population was represented by Alcanivorax-, Cycloclasticus-, and Marinobacter-related organisms. In the end of the experiment, the microbial community composition has returned to a status typically observed in pristine marine ecosystems with no detectable OMHCB present. Eco-toxicological bioassay revealed that the toxicity of sediments after treatment was substantially decreased. Thus, our studies demonstrated that petroleum-contaminated anaerobic marine sediments could efficiently be cleaned through an in situ oxygenation which stimulates their self-cleaning potential due to reawakening of allochtonous aerobic OMHCB.
Published: 2014
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29. Microbial life in the Lake Medee, the largest deep-sea salt-saturated formation.

Author: Yakimov MM, La Cono V, Slepak VZ, La Spada G, Arcadi E, Messina E, Borghini M, Monticelli LS, Rojo D, Barbas C, Golyshina OV, Ferrer M, Golyshin PN, and Giuliano L
Subjects: Betaine metabolism, Betaine pharmacology, Bicarbonates chemistry, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Epsilonproteobacteria, Mediterranean Region, Molecular Sequence Data, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Saline Solution, Hypertonic, Salt Tolerance, Seawater chemistry, Sodium Chloride, Water Microbiology, Alphaproteobacteria classification, Alphaproteobacteria genetics, Alphaproteobacteria metabolism, Gammaproteobacteria classification, Gammaproteobacteria genetics, Gammaproteobacteria metabolism, Halobacteriales classification, Halobacteriales genetics, Halobacteriales metabolism, Lakes microbiology
Abstract: Deep-sea hypersaline anoxic lakes (DHALs) of the Eastern Mediterranean represent some of the most hostile environments on our planet. We investigated microbial life in the recently discovered Lake Medee, the largest DHAL found to-date. Medee has two unique features: a complex geobiochemical stratification and an absence of chemolithoautotrophic Epsilonproteobacteria, which usually play the primary role in dark bicarbonate assimilation in DHALs interfaces. Presumably because of these features, Medee is less productive and exhibits reduced diversity of autochthonous prokaryotes in its interior. Indeed, the brine community almost exclusively consists of the members of euryarchaeal MSBL1 and bacterial KB1 candidate divisions. Our experiments utilizing cultivation and [(14)C]-assimilation, showed that these organisms at least partially rely on reductive cleavage of osmoprotectant glycine betaine and are engaged in trophic cooperation. These findings provide novel insights into how prokaryotic communities can adapt to salt-saturated conditions and sustain active metabolism at the thermodynamic edge of life.
Published: 2013
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30. Towards improved socio-economic assessments of ocean acidification's impacts.

Author: Hilmi N, Allemand D, Dupont S, Safa A, Haraldsson G, Nunes PA, Moore C, Hattam C, Reynaud S, Hall-Spencer JM, Fine M, Turley C, Jeffree R, Orr J, Munday PL, and Cooley SR
Abstract: Ocean acidification is increasingly recognized as a component of global change that could have a wide range of impacts on marine organisms, the ecosystems they live in, and the goods and services they provide humankind. Assessment of these potential socio-economic impacts requires integrated efforts between biologists, chemists, oceanographers, economists and social scientists. But because ocean acidification is a new research area, significant knowledge gaps are preventing economists from estimating its welfare impacts. For instance, economic data on the impact of ocean acidification on significant markets such as fisheries, aquaculture and tourism are very limited (if not non-existent), and non-market valuation studies on this topic are not yet available. Our paper summarizes the current understanding of future OA impacts and sets out what further information is required for economists to assess socio-economic impacts of ocean acidification. Our aim is to provide clear directions for multidisciplinary collaborative research.
Published: 2013
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30 results on '"Mediterranean Science Commission"'

1. Role of environmental variables in structuring demersal assemblages on trawled bottoms on the Maltese continental shelf

2. Threatened habitats as a criterion for selecting coastal protected areas in the Maltese Islands

3. Development and objectives of the PHYCOMORPH European Guidelines for the Sustainable Aquaculture of Seaweeds (PEGASUS)

4. Hidrografico + A contribution to the knowledge of the ocean

5. Hotter and Weaker Mediterranean Outflow as a Response to Basin-Wide Alterations

6. Evolving and Sustaining Ocean Best Practices and Standards for the Next Decade

7. Human Health and Ocean Pollution

8. Overview on the distribution of gorgonian species in Tunisian marine coastal waters (central Mediterranean)

9. Distribución de las especies de gorgonias en las aguas costeras marinas de Túnez (Mediterráneo Central)

10. Impacts of ocean acidification in a warming Mediterranean Sea: An overview

11. The Ocean Sampling Day Consortium

12. Unveiling microbial life in new deep-sea hypersaline Lake Thetis. Part I: Prokaryotes and environmental settings

13. Hydrostatic pressure effects membrane and storage lipid compositions of the piezotolerant hydrocarbon-degrading Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus strain #5

14. A new reference material for radionuclides in the mussel sample from the Mediterranean Sea (IAEA-437)

15. Towards improved socio-economic assessments of ocean acidification’s impacts

16. Interplay of intracellular and trans-cellular DNA methylation in natural archaeal consortia.

17. Universities should lead on the plant-based dietary transition.

18. Human Health and Ocean Pollution.

19. Symbiosis between nanohaloarchaeon and haloarchaeon is based on utilization of different polysaccharides.

20. Author Correction: The discovery of Lake Hephaestus, the youngest athalassohaline deep-sea formation on Earth.

21. The discovery of Lake Hephaestus, the youngest athalassohaline deep-sea formation on Earth.

22. Contribution of Bicarbonate Assimilation to Carbon Pool Dynamics in the Deep Mediterranean Sea and Cultivation of Actively Nitrifying and CO 2 -Fixing Bathypelagic Prokaryotic Consortia.

23. Navigating the Future: Cross-sector Marine Genomics.

24. A Three-Component Microbial Consortium from Deep-Sea Salt-Saturated Anoxic Lake Thetis Links Anaerobic Glycine Betaine Degradation with Methanogenesis.

25. The ocean sampling day consortium.

26. Shifts in the meso- and bathypelagic archaea communities composition during recovery and short-term handling of decompressed deep-sea samples.

27. The role of environmental biotechnology in exploring, exploiting, monitoring, preserving, protecting and decontaminating the marine environment.

28. Effective bioremediation strategy for rapid in situ cleanup of anoxic marine sediments in mesocosm oil spill simulation.

29. Microbial life in the Lake Medee, the largest deep-sea salt-saturated formation.

30. Towards improved socio-economic assessments of ocean acidification's impacts.

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