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Author(s): Venkata Ganesh [1]; Neeru Sahni (corresponding author) [1] INTRODUCTION Despite the significant strides made by journals and funding agencies in enhancing research reporting standards, a notable gap persists in [...]

In Canada, cannabis was legalized for medical purposes in 2001 and for nonmedical use in 2018, with edibles, concentrates, and topicals following in 2019 under the Canadian Cannabis Act (Bill [...]

A shared language and framework of understanding are central components to the effective and safe practice of medicine. Although cytopathology shares some of the same language as histopathology, cytopathology specimens [...], * Context.--In recent years, several reporting systems have been developed by national and international cytopathology organizations to standardize the evaluation of specific cytopathology specimen types. Objective.--To assess the current implementation rates, implementation methods, and barriers to implementation of commonly used nongynecologic reporting systems in cytopathology laboratories. Design.--Data were analyzed from a survey developed by the College of American Pathologists Cytopathology Committee and distributed to participants in the College of American Pathologists Nongynecologic Cytopathology Education Program mailing. Results.--Nongynecologic reporting systems with the highest rate of adoption were the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology, 2nd edition (74.1%; 552 of 745); the Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology (53.9%; 397 of 736); and the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (29.1%; 200 of 688). The most common reason given for not adopting a reporting system was satisfaction with a laboratory's current system. Implementation varied among laboratories with regard to which stakeholders were involved in deciding to implement a system and the amount of education provided during the implementation process. Conclusions.--The implementation of nongynecologic reporting systems in cytopathology laboratories was highly variable.

Lydia M. DeWitt, MD, and Mary B. Kirkbride, DSc, each published a sole-authored paper in the Journal of Experimental Medicine, one (1) in 1906 and the other (2) in 1912, [...], Context.--The year 2023 marks the centenary of the Nobel Prize honoring the discovery of insulin. Little-known experimental pathologists Lydia DeWitt, MD, at the University of Michigan and Mary Kirkbride, DSc [Hon], at Columbia University, both just beginning their academic careers, made independent contributions to the discovery that have never been critically examined. This happened at a time when it was exceedingly rare for women to work in pathology. Objective.--To explore the facilitative roles of DeWitt and Kirkbride in the discovery of insulin and to examine their trail-breaking careers in academic pathology. Design.--Available primary and secondary historical resources were reviewed. Results.--DeWitt made and tested pancreatic extracts from duct-ligated atrophic pancreas (ie, Frederick Banting's great idea to prevent digestion of its hypothetical internal secretion) 15 years before Banting; Banting was unaware of her work. His idea came from reading a paper by pathologist Moses Barron. Prior duct-ligation studies had sometimes been viewed with skepticism because histologic identification of islets in atrophic duct-ligated pancreata was imperfect; Kirkbride addressed this with histochemical staining, convincing Barron and, therefore, indirectly influencing and motivating Banting. The lives and convoluted careers of these 2 early-20th-century women are explored and compared with those of other contemporary women in pathology. A unifying pattern becomes clear: careers in experimental pathology and bacteriology were accepted but performing clinical work in anatomic pathology was not. Conclusions.--Both DeWitt and Kirkbride are prototypical early-20th-century women in academic pathology whose careers were constrained by gender. However, Kirkbride made a unique and unrecognized contribution to the discovery of insulin. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2023-0060-HP

Fluorescence is an event by which a substance is excited by short-wavelength radiation, such as blue or ultraviolet, and emits a longer wavelength, such as green. It is a very [...], Context.--Photobleaching artifact occurs when fluorescence intensity decreases following light exposure. Slides stained with fluorescent techniques may be stored in the dark until primary diagnostics. Experimental evidence suggesting the rate of photobleaching and necessity of dark storage is lacking. Objective.--To compare photobleaching rate on direct immunofluorescence and Thioflavin T slides stored in ambient room light conditions and exposed to excitatory wavelengths. Design.--During 2 iterations of the experiment, 45 slides were prepared, 42 with immunofluorescent antibodies plus 3 with thioflavin, from skin and kidney biopsies. The experimental group was stored in room light conditions in comparison to the control in the dark, at room temperature. Further, 1 immunofluorescence slide and 1 thioflavin slide were exposed to excitatory fluorescent light for several hours. Significant photobleaching was defined as an integer decrease in score (scale, 0-3). Results.--Exposure times ranged from 152 to 3034 hours. Nine of the 42 immunofluorescence slides (21%) photobleached after a minimum exposure of 152 hours to room light, with no significant difference between the experimental and control groups (all P values >.05). The immunofluorescence slide exposed to fluorescent light for 4 hours showed marked photobleaching in the exposed field but not elsewhere. No thioflavin slides showed clinically significant photobleaching under any conditions. Conclusions.--Clinically significant photobleaching of slides exposed to room light may occur after a few days, but not a few hours (unless exposed to excitatory fluorescent light). Conversely, thioflavin-stained slides did not photobleach when exposed to ambient room air and photobleached only negligibly when exposed to excitatory fluorescent light. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2022-0311-OA

Author(s): Haris Memisevic [sup.1] , Amina Djipa [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/02hhwgd43, grid.11869.37, 0000 0001 2184 8551, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Sarajevo, , 71000, Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina Introduction According [...], Purpose Ever since Leo Kanner first described autism in 1943, the research in this field has grown immensely. In 2021 alone, 5837 SCOPUS indexed documents were published with a title that contained the words: "autism", "autistic", or "ASD". The purpose of this study was to examine the most common topics of autism research in 2021 and present a geographical contribution to this research. Methods We performed a content analysis of 1102 abstracts from the articles published in 11 Autism journals in 2021. The following journals, indexed by the SCOPUS database, were included: Autism, Autism Research, Molecular Autism, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, Advances in Autism, Autism and Developmental Language Impairments, and Autism in Adulthood. Results According to the analysis, the main research topics were: mental health, social communication, social skills, quality of life, parenting stress, ADHD, Covid-19, self-efficacy, special education, and theory of mind. In relation to geographic distribution, most studies came from the USA, followed by the UK, Australia, and Canada. Conclusion Research topics were aligned with the priorities set by stakeholders in autism, most notably persons with autism themselves and their family members. There is a big gap in research production between developed countries and developing countries.

Since 1983, the JCI has consistently published papers that have contributed to much of today's understanding of the immunopathogenesis of HIV-1-host interactions. A representative subset of papers published in the [...]

Lyme disease is a tickborne zoonosis caused by genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato that occur primarily in the Northern Hemisphere, including North America, Europe, and some countries in Asia [...]

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a leading cause of death in the United States and has a high incidence and prevalence in Mississippi and other Southeastern US states. While 15% of US adults are estimated to have CKD, unfortunately, the majority of people with CKD are unaware of their diagnosis. CKD accounts for a disproportionate share of Medicare spending with much of this spending due to the cardiovascular complications associated with CKD. Health disparities are significant in CKD with ethnic minority populations, particularly African American and Hispanic, and those in poverty having significantly higher rates of CKD. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is the most common cause of CKD, and it is known that blood pressure control, use of renin-angiotensin inhibitors, and blood sugar control slows the progression of CKD in patients with DM. Despite this knowledge the incidence and prevalence of CKD continues to increase and many of those who achieve blood pressure and blood sugar control will still have progression of CKD. We review progress in earlier detection of those at risk for CKD, particularly due to DM, and progress in determining who may be at higher risk of progression. In addition, we outline newer pharmacologic therapies that slow the progression of CKD and have additional benefits of preventing the cardio vascular complications of CKD KEY WORDS: African American (AA), Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), Diabetes Kidney Disease (DKD), End Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD), Health Disparities (HD), APOL-1, INTRODUCTION Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) (see Table 1 for definitions) is a common cause of death and disability in the United States. Approximately 1 in 7 adults has chronic kidney [...]

The CAFM Educational Research Alliance (CERA) stands as a cornerstone framework dedicated to advancing medical education research within the realm of family medicine. Rooted in a commitment to excellence and [...]

Author(s): Deepak Malviya [1]; Sukhminder Jit Singh Bajwa (corresponding author) [2]; Madhuri S. Kurdi [3] Risks are common in all walks of life, especially in the finance market, wherein the [...]

Author(s): Argyro Fassoulaki (corresponding author) [1]; Chryssoula Staikou [1]; Georgia Micha [2] INTRODUCTION The rapid growth of the online literature along with the extensive use of social media gave birth [...], Background and Aims: Altmetrics represent the attention of an article drawn from social and mainstream media. The aim of this survey was to investigate the views of editors of high-impact journals on the Altmetric Attention Score (AAS), the number derived from an automated algorithm including a weighted count of mainstream news and social media sources. Methods: A questionnaire related to the AAS was sent to the editors of high-impact journals, namely Anaesthesia, Critical Care Medicine (CCM) and Pain Medicine (PM). Eleven questions were related to the possible benefits and flaws of Altmetrics. Results: Of the 1,381 editors asked, 126 answered. The overall answers showed that 76 of the editors were familiar with Altmetrics, 28 knew how AAS is calculated, 12 believed that AAS should replace traditional bibliometrics, 34 favoured AAS for journal ranking, 40 believed that AAS should be used to assess an article, 44 felt that AAS should be included in researchers' curriculum vitae and 22 felt that it should be considered for grants. Sixty-two percent of editors believed that AAS is vulnerable to manipulations, 60 proposed improvement and 16 abandonment. Positive answers were similar across the fields, except for journal ranking. Fifty-four percent of editors of the CCM journals favoured journal ranking using AAS versus 28 and 26 editors of anaesthesia and PM journals (P = 0.025 and P = 0.006, respectively). Conclusion: A high percentage of editors believed that AAS should be used to assess scholarly output and that it should be included in the researchers' curriculum vitae. Sixty percent of responders supported the improvement of AAS. Keywords: Altmetrics, anaesthesia, bibliometrics, intensive care medicine, journals, pain medicine

Meta-analysis has been a widely used and highly relevant research tool for decades. It is a category of statistical techniques used to aggregate the results of multiple primary studies and [...], Purpose: The purposes of this meta-review are to (a) articulate the importance of transparency and reproducibility in meta-analysis, (b) assess the transparency and reproducibility of meta-analyses published in journals of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), and (c) discuss the implications of our findings and recommendations for future research. Method: We conducted a meta-review of all meta-analyses published in ASHA journals through December 31,2020. Our systematic review yielded 47 meta-analyses for inclusion in this review. We coded all eligible reports on the core elements of transparency and reproducibility in meta-analysis. Results: Our findings suggest that though reporting tendencies have improved over time, much work is needed to promote transparency and reproducibility in meta-analytic work. Key areas for future accountability include preregistering study protocol, using Preferred Reporting in Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis checklists, providing full data sets, and publishing analytic codes. Conclusions: The state of reporting in meta-analysis is improving over time. We conclude with a discussion of specific areas that need further attention, and recommendations for researchers to consider when conducting future meta-analyses. Supplemental Material: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha. 14888481

Author(s): Sevcan A. Bakkaloglu [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.25769.3f, 0000 0001 2169 7132, Divisions of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, , Besevler, Ankara, [...]