16 results on '"Mechanism-based therapy"'
Search Results
2. Sensory Profiles and Diabetic Neuropathy
- Author
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Sachau, Juliane, Sendel, Manon, Baron, Ralf, Veves, Aristidis, Series Editor, Tesfaye, Solomon, editor, Gibbons, Christopher H., editor, and Malik, Rayaz Ahmed, editor
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Gene- and variant-specific efficacy of serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 inhibition in long QT syndrome types 1 and 2.
- Author
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Giannetti, Federica, Barbieri, Miriam, Shiti, Assad, Casini, Simona, Sager, Philip T, Das, Saumya, Pradhananga, Sabindra, Srinivasan, Dinesh, Nimani, Saranda, Alerni, Nicolò, Louradour, Julien, Mura, Manuela, Gnecchi, Massimiliano, Brink, Paul, Zehender, Manfred, Koren, Gideon, Zaza, Antonio, Crotti, Lia, Wilde, Arthur A M, and Schwartz, Peter J
- Abstract
Aims Current long QT syndrome (LQTS) therapy, largely based on beta-blockade, does not prevent arrhythmias in all patients; therefore, novel therapies are warranted. Pharmacological inhibition of the serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1-Inh) has been shown to shorten action potential duration (APD) in LQTS type 3. We aimed to investigate whether SGK1-Inh could similarly shorten APD in LQTS types 1 and 2. Methods and results Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) and hiPSC-cardiac cell sheets (CCS) were obtained from LQT1 and LQT2 patients; CMs were isolated from transgenic LQT1, LQT2, and wild-type (WT) rabbits. Serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 inhibition effects (300 nM–10 µM) on field potential durations (FPD) were investigated in hiPSC-CMs with multielectrode arrays; optical mapping was performed in LQT2 CCS. Whole-cell and perforated patch clamp recordings were performed in isolated LQT1, LQT2, and WT rabbit CMs to investigate SGK1-Inh (3 µM) effects on APD. In all LQT2 models across different species (hiPSC-CMs, hiPSC-CCS, and rabbit CMs) and independent of the disease-causing variant (KCNH2 -p.A561V/p.A614V/p.G628S/IVS9-28A/G), SGK1-Inh dose-dependently shortened FPD/APD at 0.3–10 µM (by 20–32%/25–30%/44–45%). Importantly, in LQT2 rabbit CMs, 3 µM SGK1-Inh normalized APD to its WT value. A significant FPD shortening was observed in KCNQ1 -p.R594Q hiPSC-CMs at 1/3/10 µM (by 19/26/35%) and in KCNQ1 -p.A341V hiPSC-CMs at 10 µM (by 29%). No SGK1-Inh-induced FPD/APD shortening effect was observed in LQT1 KCNQ1 -p.A341V hiPSC-CMs or KCNQ1 -p.Y315S rabbit CMs at 0.3–3 µM. Conclusion A robust SGK1-Inh-induced APD shortening was observed across different LQT2 models, species, and genetic variants but less consistently in LQT1 models. This suggests a genotype- and variant-specific beneficial effect of this novel therapeutic approach in LQTS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Abnormal mTOR Signaling Pathway Activity in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Prospects of Mechanism-Based Therapy.
- Author
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Trifonova, E. A., Kotliarova, A. A., and Kochetov, A. V.
- Subjects
- *
AUTISM spectrum disorders , *CHOREA , *CELLULAR signal transduction , *AUTISM in children , *STREPTOCOCCAL diseases - Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder characterized by the early onset of problems with communication, learning, and behavior. The syndromic form of ASD is caused by monogenic mutations. When it is not possible to find genetic or other known mechanisms, the term "idiopathic autism" is used. A significant part of both syndromic and idiopathic autism is associated with translational deregulation dependent on the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). In this review, we present both bioinformatic and experimental data that link the mTOR signaling pathway to maternal autoantibody related autism and childhood autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders such as Sydenham's chorea and pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS). The need for ASD subtyping and the prospects of mechanism-based therapy with inhibitors of the mTOR signaling pathway are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Improving neuropathic pain treatment – by rigorous stratification from bench to bedside.
- Author
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Soliman, Nadia, Kersebaum, Dilara, Lawn, Timothy, Sachau, Juliane, Sendel, Manon, and Vollert, Jan
- Abstract
Chronic pain is a constantly recurring and persistent illness, presenting a formidable healthcare challenge for patients and physicians alike. Current first‐line analgesics offer only low‐modest efficacy when averaged across populations, further contributing to this debilitating disease burden. Moreover, many recent trials for novel analgesics have not met primary efficacy endpoints, which is particularly striking considering the pharmacological advances have provided a range of highly relevant new drug targets. Heterogeneity within chronic pain cohorts is increasingly understood to play a critical role in these failures of treatment and drug discovery, with some patients deriving substantial benefits from a given intervention while it has little‐to‐no effect on others. As such, current treatment failures may not result from a true lack of efficacy, but rather a failure to target individuals whose pain is driven by mechanisms which it therapeutically modulates. This necessitates a move towards phenotypical stratification of patients to delineate responders and non‐responders in a mechanistically driven manner. In this article, we outline a bench‐to‐bedside roadmap for this transition to mechanistically informed personalised pain medicine. We emphasise how the successful identification of novel analgesics is dependent on rigorous experimental design as well as the validity of models and translatability of outcome measures between the animal model and patients. Subsequently, we discuss general and specific aspects of human trial design to address heterogeneity in patient populations to increase the chance of identifying effective analgesics. Finally, we show how stratification approaches can be brought into clinical routine to the benefit of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Gene- and variant-specific efficacy of serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 inhibition in long QT syndrome types 1 and 2
- Abstract
AIMS: Current long QT syndrome (LQTS) therapy, largely based on beta-blockade, does not prevent arrhythmias in all patients; therefore, novel therapies are warranted. Pharmacological inhibition of the serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1-Inh) has been shown to shorten action potential duration (APD) in LQTS type 3. We aimed to investigate whether SGK1-Inh could similarly shorten APD in LQTS types 1 and 2. METHODS AND RESULTS: Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) and hiPSC-cardiac cell sheets (CCS) were obtained from LQT1 and LQT2 patients; CMs were isolated from transgenic LQT1, LQT2, and wild-type (WT) rabbits. Serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 inhibition effects (300 nM-10 µM) on field potential durations (FPD) were investigated in hiPSC-CMs with multielectrode arrays; optical mapping was performed in LQT2 CCS. Whole-cell and perforated patch clamp recordings were performed in isolated LQT1, LQT2, and WT rabbit CMs to investigate SGK1-Inh (3 µM) effects on APD. In all LQT2 models across different species (hiPSC-CMs, hiPSC-CCS, and rabbit CMs) and independent of the disease-causing variant (KCNH2-p.A561V/p.A614V/p.G628S/IVS9-28A/G), SGK1-Inh dose-dependently shortened FPD/APD at 0.3-10 µM (by 20-32%/25-30%/44-45%). Importantly, in LQT2 rabbit CMs, 3 µM SGK1-Inh normalized APD to its WT value. A significant FPD shortening was observed in KCNQ1-p.R594Q hiPSC-CMs at 1/3/10 µM (by 19/26/35%) and in KCNQ1-p.A341V hiPSC-CMs at 10 µM (by 29%). No SGK1-Inh-induced FPD/APD shortening effect was observed in LQT1 KCNQ1-p.A341V hiPSC-CMs or KCNQ1-p.Y315S rabbit CMs at 0.3-3 µM. CONCLUSION: A robust SGK1-Inh-induced APD shortening was observed across different LQT2 models, species, and genetic variants but less consistently in LQT1 models. This suggests a genotype- and variant-specific beneficial effect of this novel therapeutic approach in LQTS.
- Published
- 2023
7. Molecular mechanisms of autism as a form of synaptic dysfunction
- Author
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E. A. Trifonova, T. M. Khlebodarova, and N. E. Gruntenko
- Subjects
autism spectrum disorders (asd) ,the synapse ,mechanistic or mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) ,mechanism-based therapy ,syndromic autism ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders are a separate group of defects with a very high genetic component. Genetic screening has identified hundreds of mutations and other genetic variations associated with autism, and bioinformatic analysis of signaling pathways and gene networks has led to understanding that many of these mutational changes are involved in the functioning of synapses. A synapse is a site of electrochemical communication between neurons and an essential subunit for learning and memory. Interneuronal communicative relationships are plastic. The most prominent forms of synaptic plasticity are accompanied by changes in protein biosynthesis, both in neuron body and in dendrites. Protein biosynthesis or translation is a carefully regulated process, with a central role played by mTOR (mammalian or mechanistic target of rapamycin). Normally mTOR-regulated translation is slightly inhibited, and in most cases mutational damage to at least one of the links of the mTOR signaling pathway, increases translation and leads to impaired synaptic plasticity and behavior. Deregulation of the local translation in dendrites is connected with the following monogenic autism spectrum disorders: neurofibromatosis type 1, Noonan syndrome, Costello syndrome, Cowden syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, fragile X chromosome, syndrome, and Rett syndrome. The review considers the most important mutations leading to monogenic autism, as well as the possibility of a mechanism-based treatment of certain disorders of the autism spectrum.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Toward a Better Understanding of Neuronal Migration Deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorders
- Author
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Yi-Hsuan Pan, Nan Wu, and Xiao-Bing Yuan
- Subjects
autism-spectrum disorders ,neuronal migration ,brain structural abnormalities ,mechanism-based therapy ,E/I balance ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Newborn neurons in developing brains actively migrate from germinal zones to designated regions before being wired into functional circuits. The motility and trajectory of migrating neurons are regulated by both extracellular factors and intracellular signaling cascades. Defects in the molecular machinery of neuronal migration lead to mis-localization of affected neurons and are considered as an important etiology of multiple developmental disorders including epilepsy, dyslexia, schizophrenia (SCZ), and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, the mechanisms that link neuronal migration deficits to the development of these diseases remain elusive. This review focuses on neuronal migration deficits in ASD. From a translational perspective, we discuss (1) whether neuronal migration deficits are general neuropathological characteristics of ASD; (2) how the phenotypic heterogeneity of neuronal migration disorders is generated; (3) how neuronal migration deficits lead to functional defects of brain circuits; and (4) how therapeutic intervention of neuronal migration deficits can be a potential treatment for ASD.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Novel brain-penetrant inhibitor of G9a methylase blocks Alzheimer's disease proteopathology for precision medication.
- Author
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Chen X, Xie L, Sheehy R, Xiong Y, Muneer A, Wrobel J, Park KS, Liu J, Velez J, Luo Y, Li YD, Quintanilla L, Li Y, Xu C, Wen Z, Song J, Jin J, and Deshmukh M
- Abstract
Current amyloid beta-targeting approaches for Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapeutics only slow cognitive decline for small numbers of patients. This limited efficacy exists because AD is a multifactorial disease whose pathological mechanism(s) and diagnostic biomarkers are largely unknown. Here we report a new mechanism of AD pathogenesis in which the histone methyltransferase G9a noncanonically regulates translation of a hippocampal proteome that defines the proteopathic nature of AD. Accordingly, we developed a novel brain-penetrant inhibitor of G9a, MS1262, across the blood-brain barrier to block this G9a-regulated, proteopathologic mechanism. Intermittent MS1262 treatment of multiple AD mouse models consistently restored both cognitive and noncognitive functions to healthy levels. Comparison of proteomic/phosphoproteomic analyses of MS1262-treated AD mice with human AD patient data identified multiple pathological brain pathways that elaborate amyloid beta and neurofibrillary tangles as well as blood coagulation, from which biomarkers of early stage of AD including SMOC1 were found to be affected by MS1262 treatment. Notably, these results indicated that MS1262 treatment may reduce or avoid the risk of blood clot burst for brain bleeding or a stroke. This mouse-to-human conservation of G9a-translated AD proteopathology suggests that the global, multifaceted effects of MS1262 in mice could extend to relieve all symptoms of AD patients with minimum side effect. In addition, our mechanistically derived biomarkers can be used for stage-specific AD diagnosis and companion diagnosis of individualized drug effects., Competing Interests: CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT: J.J. is a cofounder and equity shareholder in Cullgen, Inc., a scientific cofounder and scientific advisory board member of Onsero Therapeutics, Inc., and a consultant for Cullgen, Inc., EpiCypher, Inc., Accent Therapeutics, Inc, and Tavotek Biotherapeutics, Inc. The Jin laboratory received research funds from Celgene Corporation, Levo Therapeutics, Inc., Cullgen, Inc. and Cullinan Oncology, Inc.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Molecular mechanisms of autism as a form of synaptic dysfunction.
- Author
-
Trifonova, E., Khlebodarova, T., and Gruntenko, N.
- Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a separate group of developmental disorders with a very large genetic component. Genetic screening has identified hundreds of mutations and other genetic variations associated with autism, and bioinformatic analysis of signaling pathways and gene networks has led to the understanding that many of these mutational changes are involved in the functioning of synapses. A synapse is a site of electrochemical communication between neurons and is a required subunit for learning and memory. Interneuronal communicative connections are plastic. The most prominent forms of synaptic plasticity are accompanied by changes in protein biosynthesis, both in the neuron body and in dendrites. Protein biosynthesis, or translation, is a finely regulated process, with the central role played by mTOR kinase (mammalian or mechanistic target of rapamycin). A mutational aberration in at least one of the links of the mTOR signaling pathway impairs the synaptic plasticity and behavior. The deregulation of local translation in dendrites is connected with the following monogenic ASDs: neurofibromatosis type 1, Noonan syndrome, Costello syndrome, Cowden syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, fragile X syndrome, and Rett syndrome (RS). The review considers the most important mutations leading to monogenic autism. The possibility of a mechanism-based treatment of certain ASDs is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Gene- and variant-specific efficacy of serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 inhibition in long QT syndrome types 1 and 2.
- Author
-
Giannetti F, Barbieri M, Shiti A, Casini S, Sager PT, Das S, Pradhananga S, Srinivasan D, Nimani S, Alerni N, Louradour J, Mura M, Gnecchi M, Brink P, Zehender M, Koren G, Zaza A, Crotti L, Wilde AAM, Schwartz PJ, Remme CA, Gepstein L, Sala L, and Odening KE
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Rabbits, Glucocorticoids, KCNQ1 Potassium Channel genetics, Arrhythmias, Cardiac genetics, Myocytes, Cardiac physiology, Action Potentials physiology, Long QT Syndrome drug therapy, Long QT Syndrome genetics, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
- Abstract
Aims: Current long QT syndrome (LQTS) therapy, largely based on beta-blockade, does not prevent arrhythmias in all patients; therefore, novel therapies are warranted. Pharmacological inhibition of the serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1-Inh) has been shown to shorten action potential duration (APD) in LQTS type 3. We aimed to investigate whether SGK1-Inh could similarly shorten APD in LQTS types 1 and 2., Methods and Results: Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) and hiPSC-cardiac cell sheets (CCS) were obtained from LQT1 and LQT2 patients; CMs were isolated from transgenic LQT1, LQT2, and wild-type (WT) rabbits. Serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 inhibition effects (300 nM-10 µM) on field potential durations (FPD) were investigated in hiPSC-CMs with multielectrode arrays; optical mapping was performed in LQT2 CCS. Whole-cell and perforated patch clamp recordings were performed in isolated LQT1, LQT2, and WT rabbit CMs to investigate SGK1-Inh (3 µM) effects on APD. In all LQT2 models across different species (hiPSC-CMs, hiPSC-CCS, and rabbit CMs) and independent of the disease-causing variant (KCNH2-p.A561V/p.A614V/p.G628S/IVS9-28A/G), SGK1-Inh dose-dependently shortened FPD/APD at 0.3-10 µM (by 20-32%/25-30%/44-45%). Importantly, in LQT2 rabbit CMs, 3 µM SGK1-Inh normalized APD to its WT value. A significant FPD shortening was observed in KCNQ1-p.R594Q hiPSC-CMs at 1/3/10 µM (by 19/26/35%) and in KCNQ1-p.A341V hiPSC-CMs at 10 µM (by 29%). No SGK1-Inh-induced FPD/APD shortening effect was observed in LQT1 KCNQ1-p.A341V hiPSC-CMs or KCNQ1-p.Y315S rabbit CMs at 0.3-3 µM., Conclusion: A robust SGK1-Inh-induced APD shortening was observed across different LQT2 models, species, and genetic variants but less consistently in LQT1 models. This suggests a genotype- and variant-specific beneficial effect of this novel therapeutic approach in LQTS., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: None declared., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Quantitative Sensory Testing of Neuropathic Pain Patients: Potential Mechanistic and Therapeutic Implications.
- Author
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Pfau, Doreen, Geber, Christian, Birklein, Frank, and Treede, Rolf-Detlef
- Abstract
Quantitative sensory testing (QST) is a widely accepted tool to investigate somatosensory changes in pain patients. Many different protocols have been developed in clinical pain research within recent years. In this review, we provide an overview of QST and tested neuroanatomical pathways, including peripheral and central structures. Based on research studies using animal and human surrogate models of neuropathic pain, possible underlying mechanisms of chronic pain are discussed. Clinically, QST may be useful for 1) the identification of subgroups of patients with different underlying pain mechanisms; 2) prediction of therapeutic outcomes; and 3) quantification of therapeutic interventions in pain therapy. Combined with sensory mapping, QST may provide useful information on the site of neural damage and on mechanisms of positive and negative somatosensory abnormalities. The use of QST in individual patients for diagnostic purposes leading to individualized therapy is an interesting concept, but needs further validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Molecular mechanisms of autism as a form of synaptic dysfunction
- Author
-
T. M. Khlebodarova, N. E. Gruntenko, and E. A. Trifonova
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,the synapse ,Rett syndrome ,Biology ,QH426-470 ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Synapse ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Costello syndrome ,medicine ,Genetics ,Mechanistic target of rapamycin ,PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway ,Translation (biology) ,Cowden syndrome ,medicine.disease ,syndromic autism ,Fragile X syndrome ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,autism spectrum disorders (asd) ,Synaptic plasticity ,biology.protein ,Autism ,Noonan syndrome ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Neuron ,mechanistic or mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) ,mechanism-based therapy ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders are a separate group of defects with a very high genetic component. Genetic screening has identified hundreds of mutations and other genetic variations associated with autism, and bioinformatic analysis of signaling pathways and gene networks has led to understanding that many of these mutational changes are involved in the functioning of synapses. A synapse is a site of electrochemical communication between neurons and an essential subunit for learning and memory. Interneuronal communicative relationships are plastic. The most prominent forms of synaptic plasticity are accompanied by changes in protein biosynthesis, both in neuron body and in dendrites. Protein biosynthesis or translation is a carefully regulated process, with a central role played by mTOR (mammalian or mechanistic target of rapamycin). Normally mTOR-regulated translation is slightly inhibited, and in most cases mutational damage to at least one of the links of the mTOR signaling pathway, increases translation and leads to impaired synaptic plasticity and behavior. Deregulation of the local translation in dendrites is connected with the following monogenic autism spectrum disorders: neurofibromatosis type 1, Noonan syndrome, Costello syndrome, Cowden syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, fragile X chromosome, syndrome, and Rett syndrome. The review considers the most important mutations leading to monogenic autism, as well as the possibility of a mechanism-based treatment of certain disorders of the autism spectrum.
- Published
- 2017
14. Toward a Better Understanding of Neuronal Migration Deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorders
- Author
-
Xiao-bing Yuan, Yi-Hsuan Pan, and Nan Wu
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Neuronal migration ,Review ,Biology ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,03 medical and health sciences ,Epilepsy ,Cell and Developmental Biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,E/I balance ,mental disorders ,medicine ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,autism-spectrum disorders ,neuronal migration ,Genetic heterogeneity ,Dyslexia ,Cell Biology ,brain structural abnormalities ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,nervous system ,Schizophrenia ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Autism ,mechanism-based therapy ,Neuroscience ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Newborn neurons in developing brains actively migrate from germinal zones to designated regions before being wired into functional circuits. The motility and trajectory of migrating neurons are regulated by both extracellular factors and intracellular signaling cascades. Defects in the molecular machinery of neuronal migration lead to mis-localization of affected neurons and are considered as an important etiology of multiple developmental disorders including epilepsy, dyslexia, schizophrenia (SCZ), and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, the mechanisms that link neuronal migration deficits to the development of these diseases remain elusive. This review focuses on neuronal migration deficits in ASD. From a translational perspective, we discuss (1) whether neuronal migration deficits are general neuropathological characteristics of ASD; (2) how the phenotypic heterogeneity of neuronal migration disorders is generated; (3) how neuronal migration deficits lead to functional defects of brain circuits; and (4) how therapeutic intervention of neuronal migration deficits can be a potential treatment for ASD.
- Published
- 2019
15. Up-date on Clinical Management of Postherpetic Neuralgia and Mechanism-Based Treatment: New Options in Therapy.
- Author
-
Forstenpointner, Julia, Rice, Andrew S C, Finnerup, Nanna B, and Baron, Ralf
- Subjects
- *
POSTHERPETIC neuralgia , *TISSUE wounds , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *META-analysis , *CLINICAL trials - Abstract
Patients with postherpetic neuralgia may experience various sensory signs and symptoms of pain. Despite this, the recommendations for medicinal treatment do not differ accordingly. In order to find the appropriate treatment options for postherpetic neuralgia, several attempts have been made in the past. The crucial obstacle to these attempts was insufficient or no subgrouping of patients according to their sensory phenotype, mostly resulting in an unsatisfactory treatment response. Recently, a new concept of retrospective stratification according to the patients' sensory phenotype has been made in a large cohort of pain patients. This new stratification tool allows a predictive validity for treatment response in subgroups of patients and might be of potential value in determining the optimal treatment in postherpetic neuralgia patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Toward a Better Understanding of Neuronal Migration Deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorders.
- Author
-
Pan YH, Wu N, and Yuan XB
- Abstract
Newborn neurons in developing brains actively migrate from germinal zones to designated regions before being wired into functional circuits. The motility and trajectory of migrating neurons are regulated by both extracellular factors and intracellular signaling cascades. Defects in the molecular machinery of neuronal migration lead to mis-localization of affected neurons and are considered as an important etiology of multiple developmental disorders including epilepsy, dyslexia, schizophrenia (SCZ), and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, the mechanisms that link neuronal migration deficits to the development of these diseases remain elusive. This review focuses on neuronal migration deficits in ASD. From a translational perspective, we discuss (1) whether neuronal migration deficits are general neuropathological characteristics of ASD; (2) how the phenotypic heterogeneity of neuronal migration disorders is generated; (3) how neuronal migration deficits lead to functional defects of brain circuits; and (4) how therapeutic intervention of neuronal migration deficits can be a potential treatment for ASD., (Copyright © 2019 Pan, Wu and Yuan.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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