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34,875 results on '"Mccarthy, P."'

1. Teacher Certification, Retention, and Recruitment in Palau: Understanding Graduation Patterns of Teacher Education Students at Palau Community College. Infographic. REL 2025-008

Author: Regional Educational Laboratory Pacific (ED/IES), McREL International, Bradley Rentz, Sinton Soalablai, Natasha Saelua, and Avalloy McCarthy
Abstract: To strengthen teacher preparation in the Republic of Palau, Public Law 10-32 (enacted in 2018) requires all teachers in the country to hold an associate's degree in education or in the subject area they will teach by the end of 2023. This policy change required many current teachers and those interested in the teaching profession to enroll in an associate's degree program at Palau Community College (PCC), the country's only postsecondary institution. To support policymakers' understanding of how long it takes teachers and teacher candidates to meet the requirements of Public Law 10-32, this study examined the graduation patterns of teacher education students enrolled in associate's degree programs at PCC. The aim of this study is to support PCC and the Palau Ministry of Education's efforts to successfully train, retain, and recruit qualified teachers.
Published: 2024

2. Omesubel a Klsensei er a Beluu er a Belau: Osenged el Kirel a Tebedir a Rengar er a Omesubel a Klsensei er a Palau Community College. Infographic. Palauan Version. REL 2025-008

Author: Regional Educational Laboratory Pacific (ED/IES), McREL International, Bradley Rentz, Sinton Soalablai, Natasha Saelua, Avalloy McCarthy, and Jay Watanabe
Abstract: This is the Palauan translation of the publication, "Teacher Certification, Retention, and Recruitment in Palau: Understanding Graduation Patterns of Teacher Education Students at Palau Community College. Infographic. REL 2025-008." To strengthen teacher preparation in the Republic of Palau, Public Law 10-32 (enacted in 2018) requires all teachers in the country to hold an associate's degree in education or in the subject area they will teach by the end of 2023. This policy change required many current teachers and those interested in the teaching profession to enroll in an associate's degree program at Palau Community College (PCC), the country's only postsecondary institution. To support policymakers' understanding of how long it takes teachers and teacher candidates to meet the requirements of Public Law 10-32, this study examined the graduation patterns of teacher education students enrolled in associate's degree programs at PCC. The aim of this study is to support PCC and the Palau Ministry of Education's efforts to successfully train, retain, and recruit qualified teachers.
Published: 2024

3. Characterization of NBI-driven shear Alfv\'en waves in the TJ-II stellarator using Mirnov probes and electrostatic potential fluctuation measurements

Author: Pons-Villalonga, P., Cappa, Á., Ascasíbar, E., Kozachok, O. S., Dreval, M. B., McCarthy, K. J., Villén, J. de la Riva, Martínez-Fernández, J., and Team, TJ-II
Subjects: Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract: We present the first experimental measurements of the toroidal mode number of shear Alfv\'en waves in the TJ-II stellarator. A series of experiments were carried out in three different magnetic configurations to investigate counter-NBI driven modes. Co- and counter- electron-cyclotron current drive was used to modify the rotational transform ($\iota/2\pi$) profile leading to the destabilization of a varied set of Alfv\'en eigenmodes with different frequencies and mode numbers. To characterize the spatial structure of the modes we have used two Mirnov probe arrays, one dedicated to the measurement of the poloidal mode number and the other, a recently commissioned helical tri-axial array, dedicated to the measurement of the toroidal mode number. A heavy ion beam probe, operated in radial sweep mode, was employed to characterize the radial location of the modes. We show that the induced changes in $\iota/2\pi$, that are fundamental when it comes to validation studies, cannot be measured experimentally with motional Stark effect so, instead, the shielding current diffusion equation is solved in cylindrical geometry to estimate these changes. We calculate the incompressible shear Alfv\'en continuum for selected cases using \texttt{STELLGAP} and find reasonable consistency with observations. A database with the observed modes has been created, so that it can be used in future work for theory validation purposes.
Published: 2025

4. Unraveling Log4Shell: Analyzing the Impact and Response to the Log4j Vulnerabil

Author: Doll, John, McCarthy, Carson, McDougall, Hannah, and Bhunia, Suman
Subjects: Computer Science - Cryptography and Security
Abstract: The realm of technology frequently confronts threats posed by adversaries exploiting loopholes in programs. Among these, the Log4Shell vulnerability in the Log4j library stands out due to its widespread impact. Log4j, a prevalent software library for log recording, is integrated into millions of devices worldwide. The Log4Shell vulnerability facilitates remote code execution with relative ease. Its combination with the extensive utilization of Log4j marks it as one of the most dangerous vulnerabilities discovered to date. The severity of this vulnerability, which quickly escalated into a media frenzy, prompted swift action within the industry, thereby mitigating potential extensive damage. This rapid response was crucial, as the consequences could have been significantly more severe if the vulnerability had been exploited by adversaries prior to its public disclosure. This paper details the discovery of the Log4Shell vulnerability and its potential for exploitation. It examines the vulnerability's impact on various stakeholders, including governments, the Apache Software Foundation (which manages the Log4j library), and companies affected by it. The paper also describes strategies for defending against Log4Shell in several scenarios. While numerous Log4j users acted promptly to safeguard their systems, the vulnerability remains a persistent threat until all vulnerable instances of the library are adequately protected.
Published: 2025

5. The Missing Link of Sulfur Chemistry in TMC-1: The Detection of c-C3H2S from the GOTHAM Survey

Author: Remijan, Anthony J., Changala, P. Bryan, Xue, Ci, Yuan, Elsa Q. H., Duffy, Miya, Scolati, Haley N., Shingledecker, Christopher N., Speak, Thomas H., Cooke, Ilsa R., Loomis, Ryan, Burkhardt, Andrew M., Fried, Zachary T. P., Wenzel, Gabi, Lipnicky, Andrew, McCarthy, Michael C., and McGuire, Brett A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We present the spectroscopic characterization of cyclopropenethione (c-C3H2S) in the laboratory and detect it in space using the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) Observations of TMC-1: Hunting Aromatic Molecules (GOTHAM) survey. The detection of this molecule - the missing link in understanding the C3H2S isomeric family in TMC-1 - completes the detection of all 3 low-energy isomers of C3H2S as both CH2CCS and HCCCHS have been previously detected in this source. The total column density of this molecule (N_T of 5.72+2.65/-1.61x10^10 cm^-2 at an excitation temperature of 4.7+1.3/-1.1 K) is smaller than both CH2CCS and HCCCHS and follows nicely the relative dipole principle (RDP), a kinetic rule-of-thumb for predicting isomer abundances which suggests that, all other chemistry among a family of isomers being the same, the member with the smallest dipole should be the most abundant. The RDP now holds for the astronomical abundance ratios of both the S-bearing and O-bearing counterparts observed in TMC-1; however, CH2CCO continues to elude detection in any astronomical source., Comment: 10 Pages, 7 Figures, 11 Tables
Published: 2025

6. Search for continuous gravitational waves from known pulsars in the first part of the fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run

Author: The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, the KAGRA Collaboration, Abac, A. G., Abbott, R., Abouelfettouh, I., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adhicary, S., Adhikari, N., Adhikari, R. X., Adkins, V. K., Agarwal, D., Agathos, M., Abchouyeh, M. Aghaei, Aguiar, O. D., Aguilar, I., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Akutsu, T., Albanesi, S., Alfaidi, R. A., Al-Jodah, A., Alléné, C., Allocca, A., Al-Shammari, S., Altin, P. A., Alvarez-Lopez, S., Amato, A., Amez-Droz, L., Amorosi, A., Amra, C., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Andia, M., Ando, M., Andrade, T., Andres, N., Andrés-Carcasona, M., Andrić, T., Anglin, J., Ansoldi, S., Antelis, J. M., Antier, S., Aoumi, M., Appavuravther, E. Z., Appert, S., Apple, S. K., Arai, K., Araya, A., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Argianas, L., Aritomi, N., Armato, F., Arnaud, N., Arogeti, M., Aronson, S. M., Ashton, G., Aso, Y., Assiduo, M., Melo, S. Assis de Souza, Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Attadio, F., Aubin, F., AultONeal, K., Avallone, G., Babak, S., Badaracco, F., Badger, C., Bae, S., Bagnasco, S., Bagui, E., Baier, J. G., Baiotti, L., Bajpai, R., Baka, T., Ball, M., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Banagiri, S., Banerjee, B., Bankar, D., Baral, P., Barayoga, J. C., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barneo, P., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartoletti, A. M., Barton, M. A., Bartos, I., Basak, S., Basalaev, A., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Bates, D. E., Bawaj, M., Baxi, P., Bayley, J. C., Baylor, A. C., Baynard II, P. A., Bazzan, M., Bedakihale, V. M., Beirnaert, F., Bejger, M., Belardinelli, D., Bell, A. S., Benedetto, V., Benoit, W., Bentley, J. D., Yaala, M. Ben, Bera, S., Berbel, M., Bergamin, F., Berger, B. K., Bernuzzi, S., Beroiz, M., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Beveridge, D., Bevins, N., Bhandare, R., Bhardwaj, U., Bhatt, R., Bhattacharjee, D., Bhaumik, S., Bhowmick, S., Bianchi, A., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Binetti, A., Bini, S., Birnholtz, O., Biscoveanu, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Bizouard, M. -A., Blackburn, J. K., Blagg, L. A., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Bobba, F., Bode, N., Boileau, G., Boldrini, M., Bolingbroke, G. N., Bolliand, A., Bonavena, L. D., Bondarescu, R., Bondu, F., Bonilla, E., Bonilla, M. S., Bonino, A., Bonnand, R., Booker, P., Borchers, A., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bossilkov, V., Boudart, V., Boudon, A., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Braglia, M., Branch, A., Branchesi, M., Brandt, J., Braun, I., Breschi, M., Briant, T., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brockill, P., Brockmueller, E., Brooks, A. F., Brown, B. C., Brown, D. D., Brozzetti, M. L., Brunett, S., Bruno, G., Bruntz, R., Bryant, J., Bucci, F., Buchanan, J., Bulashenko, O., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Burtnyk, K., Buscicchio, R., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Davies, G. S. Cabourn, Cabras, G., Cabrita, R., Cáceres-Barbosa, V., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. Calderón, Callister, T. A., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Canepa, M., Santoro, G. Caneva, Cannon, K. C., Cao, H., Capistran, L. A., Capocasa, E., Capote, E., Carapella, G., Carbognani, F., Carlassara, M., Carlin, J. B., Carpinelli, M., Carrillo, G., Carter, J. J., Carullo, G., Diaz, J. Casanueva, Casentini, C., Castro-Lucas, S. Y., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cerdá-Durán, P., Cesarini, E., Chaibi, W., Chakraborty, P., Subrahmanya, S. Chalathadka, Chan, J. C. L., Chan, M., Chandra, K., Chang, R. -J., Chao, S., Charlton, E. L., Charlton, P., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chatterjee, C., Chatterjee, Debarati, Chatterjee, Deep, Chaturvedi, M., Chaty, S., Chen, A., Chen, A. H. -Y., Chen, D., Chen, H., Chen, H. Y., Chen, J., Chen, K. H., Chen, Y., Chen, Yanbei, Chen, Yitian, Cheng, H. P., Chessa, P., Cheung, H. T., Cheung, S. Y., Chiadini, F., Chiarini, G., Chierici, R., Chincarini, A., Chiofalo, M. L., Chiummo, A., Chou, C., Choudhary, S., Christensen, N., Chua, S. S. Y., Chugh, P., Ciani, G., Ciecielag, P., Cieślar, M., Cifaldi, M., Ciolfi, R., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Clarke, J., Clarke, T. A., Clearwater, P., Clesse, S., Coccia, E., Codazzo, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Colace, S., Colleoni, M., Collette, C. G., Collins, J., Colloms, S., Colombo, A., Colpi, M., Compton, C. M., Connolly, G., Conti, L., Corbitt, T. R., Cordero-Carrión, I., Corezzi, S., Cornish, N. J., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Cottingham, R., Coughlin, M. W., Couineaux, A., Coulon, J. -P., Countryman, S. T., Coupechoux, J. -F., Couvares, P., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, R., Craig, K., Creed, R., Creighton, J. D. E., Creighton, T. D., Cremonese, P., Criswell, A. W., Crockett-Gray, J. C. G., Crook, S., Crouch, R., Csizmazia, J., Cudell, J. R., Cullen, T. J., Cumming, A., Cuoco, E., Cusinato, M., Dabadie, P., Canton, T. Dal, Dall'Osso, S., Pra, S. Dal, Dálya, G., D'Angelo, B., Danilishin, S., D'Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Darroch, K. E., Dartez, L. P., Dasgupta, A., Datta, S., Dattilo, V., Daumas, A., Davari, N., Dave, I., Davenport, A., Davier, M., Davies, T. F., Davis, D., Davis, L., Davis, M. C., Davis, P. J., Dax, M., De Bolle, J., Deenadayalan, M., Degallaix, J., De Laurentis, M., Deléglise, S., De Lillo, F., Dell'Aquila, D., Del Pozzo, W., De Marco, F., De Matteis, F., D'Emilio, V., Demos, N., Dent, T., Depasse, A., DePergola, N., De Pietri, R., De Rosa, R., De Rossi, C., DeSalvo, R., De Simone, R., Dhani, A., Diab, R., Díaz, M. C., Di Cesare, M., Dideron, G., Didio, N. A., Dietrich, T., Di Fiore, L., Di Fronzo, C., Di Giovanni, M., Di Girolamo, T., Diksha, D., Di Michele, A., Ding, J., Di Pace, S., Di Palma, I., Di Renzo, F., Divyajyoti, Dmitriev, A., Doctor, Z., Dohmen, E., Doleva, P. P., Dominguez, D., D'Onofrio, L., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Dooney, T., Doravari, S., Dorosh, O., Drago, M., Driggers, J. C., Ducoin, J. -G., Dunn, L., Dupletsa, U., D'Urso, D., Duval, H., Duverne, P. -A., Dwyer, S. E., Eassa, C., Ebersold, M., Eckhardt, T., Eddolls, G., Edelman, B., Edo, T. B., Edy, O., Effler, A., Eichholz, J., Einsle, H., Eisenmann, M., Eisenstein, R. A., Ejlli, A., Eleveld, R. M., Emma, M., Endo, K., Engl, A. J., Enloe, E., Errico, L., Essick, R. C., Estellés, H., Estevez, D., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evstafyeva, T., Ewing, B. E., Ezquiaga, J. M., Fabrizi, F., Faedi, F., Fafone, V., Fairhurst, S., Farah, A. M., Farr, B., Farr, W. M., Favaro, G., Favata, M., Fays, M., Fazio, M., Feicht, J., Fejer, M. M., Felicetti, R., Fenyvesi, E., Ferguson, D. L., Ferraiuolo, S., Ferrante, I., Ferreira, T. A., Fidecaro, F., Figura, P., Fiori, A., Fiori, I., Fishbach, M., Fisher, R. P., Fittipaldi, R., Fiumara, V., Flaminio, R., Fleischer, S. M., Fleming, L. S., Floden, E., Foley, E. M., Fong, H., Font, J. A., Fornal, B., Forsyth, P. W. F., Franceschetti, K., Franchini, N., Frasca, S., Frasconi, F., Mascioli, A. Frattale, Frei, Z., Freise, A., Freitas, O., Frey, R., Frischhertz, W., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fronzé, G. G., Fuentes-Garcia, M., Fujii, S., Fujimori, T., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Gadre, B., Gair, J. R., Galaudage, S., Galdi, V., Gallagher, H., Gallardo, S., Gallego, B., Gamba, R., Gamboa, A., Ganapathy, D., Ganguly, A., Garaventa, B., García-Bellido, J., Núñez, C. García, García-Quirós, C., Gardner, J. W., Gardner, K. A., Gargiulo, J., Garron, A., Garufi, F., Gasbarra, C., Gateley, B., Gayathri, V., Gemme, G., Gennai, A., Gennari, V., George, J., George, R., Gerberding, O., Gergely, L., Ghosh, Archisman, Ghosh, Sayantan, Ghosh, Shaon, Ghosh, Shrobana, Ghosh, Suprovo, Ghosh, Tathagata, Giacoppo, L., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Gibson, D. R., Gibson, D. T., Gier, C., Giri, P., Gissi, F., Gkaitatzis, S., Glanzer, J., Glotin, F., Godfrey, J., Godwin, P., Goebbels, N. L., Goetz, E., Golomb, J., Lopez, S. Gomez, Goncharov, B., Gong, Y., González, G., Goodarzi, P., Goode, S., Goodwin-Jones, A. W., Gosselin, M., Göttel, A. S., Gouaty, R., Gould, D. W., Govorkova, K., Goyal, S., Grace, B., Grado, A., Graham, V., Granados, A. E., Granata, M., Granata, V., Gras, S., Grassia, P., Gray, A., Gray, C., Gray, R., Greco, G., Green, A. C., Green, S. M., Green, S. R., Gretarsson, A. M., Gretarsson, E. M., Griffith, D., Griffiths, W. L., Griggs, H. L., Grignani, G., Grimaldi, A., Grimaud, C., Grote, H., Guerra, D., Guetta, D., Guidi, G. M., Guimaraes, A. R., Gulati, H. K., Gulminelli, F., Gunny, A. M., Guo, H., Guo, W., Guo, Y., Gupta, Anchal, Gupta, Anuradha, Gupta, Ish, Gupta, N. C., Gupta, P., Gupta, S. K., Gupta, T., Gupte, N., Gurs, J., Gutierrez, N., Guzman, F., H, H. -Y., Haba, D., Haberland, M., Haino, S., Hall, E. D., Hamilton, E. Z., Hammond, G., Han, W. -B., Haney, M., Hanks, J., Hanna, C., Hannam, M. D., Hannuksela, O. A., Hanselman, A. G., Hansen, H., Hanson, J., Harada, R., Hardison, A. R., Haris, K., Harmark, T., Harms, J., Harry, G. M., Harry, I. W., Hart, J., Haskell, B., Haster, C. -J., Hathaway, J. S., Haughian, K., Hayakawa, H., Hayama, K., Hayes, R., Heffernan, A., Heidmann, A., Heintze, M. C., Heinze, J., Heinzel, J., Heitmann, H., Hellman, F., Hello, P., Helmling-Cornell, A. F., Hemming, G., Henderson-Sapir, O., Hendry, M., Heng, I. S., Hennes, E., Henshaw, C., Hertog, T., Heurs, M., Hewitt, A. L., Heyns, J., Higginbotham, S., Hild, S., Hill, S., Himemoto, Y., Hirata, N., Hirose, C., Ho, W. C. G., Hoang, S., Hochheim, S., Hofman, D., Holland, N. A., Holley-Bockelmann, K., Holmes, Z. J., Holz, D. E., Honet, L., Hong, C., Hornung, J., Hoshino, S., Hough, J., Hourihane, S., Howell, E. J., Hoy, C. G., Hrishikesh, C. A., Hsieh, H. -F., Hsiung, C., Hsu, H. C., Hsu, W. -F., Hu, P., Hu, Q., Huang, H. Y., Huang, Y. -J., Huddart, A. D., Hughey, B., Hui, D. C. Y., Hui, V., Husa, S., Huxford, R., Huynh-Dinh, T., Iampieri, L., Iandolo, G. A., Ianni, M., Iess, A., Imafuku, H., Inayoshi, K., Inoue, Y., Iorio, G., Iqbal, M. H., Irwin, J., Ishikawa, R., Isi, M., Ismail, M. A., Itoh, Y., Iwanaga, H., Iwaya, M., Iyer, B. R., JaberianHamedan, V., Jacquet, C., Jacquet, P. -E., Jadhav, S. J., Jadhav, S. P., Jain, T., James, A. L., James, P. A., Jamshidi, R., Janquart, J., Janssens, K., Janthalur, N. N., Jaraba, S., Jaranowski, P., Jaume, R., Javed, W., Jennings, A., Jia, W., Jiang, J., Jin, H., Kubisz, J., Johanson, C., Johns, G. R., Johnson, N. A., Johnston, M. C., Johnston, R., Johny, N., Jones, D. H., Jones, D. I., Jones, R., Jose, S., Joshi, P., Ju, L., Jung, K., Junker, J., Juste, V., Kajita, T., Kaku, I., Kalaghatgi, C., Kalogera, V., Kamiizumi, M., Kanda, N., Kandhasamy, S., Kang, G., Kanner, J. B., Kapadia, S. J., Kapasi, D. P., Karat, S., Karathanasis, C., Kashyap, R., Kasprzack, M., Kastaun, W., Kato, T., Katsavounidis, E., Katzman, W., Kaushik, R., Kawabe, K., Kawamoto, R., Kazemi, A., Keitel, D., Kelley-Derzon, J., Kennington, J., Kesharwani, R., Key, J. S., Khadela, R., Khadka, S., Khalili, F. Y., Khan, F., Khan, I., Khanam, T., Khursheed, M., Khusid, N. M., Kiendrebeogo, W., Kijbunchoo, N., Kim, C., Kim, J. C., Kim, K., Kim, M. H., Kim, S., Kim, Y. -M., Kimball, C., Kinley-Hanlon, M., Kinnear, M., Kissel, J. S., Klimenko, S., Knee, A. M., Knust, N., Kobayashi, K., Koch, P., Koehlenbeck, S. M., Koekoek, G., Kohri, K., Kokeyama, K., Koley, S., Kolitsidou, P., Kolstein, M., Komori, K., Kong, A. K. H., Kontos, A., Korobko, M., Kossak, R. V., Kou, X., Koushik, A., Kouvatsos, N., Kovalam, M., Kozak, D. B., Kranzhoff, S. L., Kringel, V., Krishnendu, N. V., Królak, A., Kruska, K., Kuehn, G., Kuijer, P., Kulkarni, S., Ramamohan, A. Kulur, Kumar, A., Kumar, Praveen, Kumar, Prayush, Kumar, Rahul, Kumar, Rakesh, Kume, J., Kuns, K., Kuntimaddi, N., Kuroyanagi, S., Kurth, N. J., Kuwahara, S., Kwak, K., Kwan, K., Kwok, J., Lacaille, G., Lagabbe, P., Laghi, D., Lai, S., Laity, A. H., Lakkis, M. H., Lalande, E., Lalleman, M., Lalremruati, P. C., Landry, M., Lane, B. B., Lang, R. N., Lange, J., Lantz, B., La Rana, A., La Rosa, I., Lartaux-Vollard, A., Lasky, P. D., Lawrence, J., Lawrence, M. N., Laxen, M., Lazzarini, A., Lazzaro, C., Leaci, P., Lecoeuche, Y. K., Lee, H. M., Lee, H. W., Lee, K., Lee, R. -K., Lee, R., Lee, S., Lee, Y., Legred, I. N., Lehmann, J., Lehner, L., Jean, M. Le, Lemaître, A., Lenti, M., Leonardi, M., Lequime, M., Leroy, N., Lesovsky, M., Letendre, N., Lethuillier, M., Levin, S. E., Levin, Y., Leyde, K., Li, A. K. Y., Li, K. L., Li, T. G. F., Li, X., Li, Z., Lihos, A., Lin, C-Y., Lin, C. -Y., Lin, E. T., Lin, F., Lin, H., Lin, L. C. -C., Lin, Y. -C., Linde, F., Linker, S. D., Littenberg, T. B., Liu, A., Liu, G. C., Liu, Jian, Villarreal, F. Llamas, Llobera-Querol, J., Lo, R. K. L., Locquet, J. -P., London, L. T., Longo, A., Lopez, D., Portilla, M. Lopez, Lorenzini, M., Lorenzo-Medina, A., Loriette, V., Lormand, M., Losurdo, G., Lott IV, T. P., Lough, J. D., Loughlin, H. A., Lousto, C. O., Lowry, M. J., Lu, N., Lück, H., Lumaca, D., Lundgren, A. P., Lussier, A. W., Ma, L. -T., Ma, S., Ma'arif, M., Macas, R., Macedo, A., MacInnis, M., Maciy, R. R., Macleod, D. M., MacMillan, I. A. O., Macquet, A., Macri, D., Maeda, K., Maenaut, S., Hernandez, I. Magaña, Magare, S. S., Magazzù, C., Magee, R. M., Maggio, E., Maggiore, R., Magnozzi, M., Mahesh, M., Mahesh, S., Maini, M., Majhi, S., Majorana, E., Makarem, C. N., Makelele, E., Malaquias-Reis, J. A., Mali, U., Maliakal, S., Malik, A., Man, N., Mandic, V., Mangano, V., Mannix, B., Mansell, G. L., Mansingh, G., Manske, M., Mantovani, M., Mapelli, M., Marchesoni, F., Pina, D. Marín, Marion, F., Márka, S., Márka, Z., Markosyan, A. 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C., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, R., Takamori, A., Takase, T., Takatani, K., Takeda, H., Takeshita, K., Talbot, C., Tamaki, M., Tamanini, N., Tanabe, D., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, S. J., Tanaka, T., Tang, D., Tanioka, S., Tanner, D. B., Tao, L., Tapia, R. D., Martín, E. N. Tapia San, Tarafder, R., Taranto, C., Taruya, A., Tasson, J. D., Teloi, M., Tenorio, R., Themann, H., Theodoropoulos, A., Thirugnanasambandam, M. P., Thomas, L. M., Thomas, M., Thomas, P., Thompson, J. E., Thondapu, S. R., Thorne, K. A., Thrane, E., Tissino, J., Tiwari, A., Tiwari, P., Tiwari, S., Tiwari, V., Todd, M. R., Toivonen, A. M., Toland, K., Tolley, A. E., Tomaru, T., Tomita, K., Tomura, T., Tong-Yu, C., Toriyama, A., Toropov, N., Torres-Forné, A., Torrie, C. I., Toscani, M., Melo, I. Tosta e, Tournefier, E., Trapananti, A., Travasso, F., Traylor, G., Trevor, M., Tringali, M. C., Tripathee, A., Troian, G., Troiano, L., Trovato, A., Trozzo, L., Trudeau, R. J., Tsang, T. T. 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S., Wu, H., Wuchner, E., Wysocki, D. M., Xu, V. A., Xu, Y., Yadav, N., Yamamoto, H., Yamamoto, K., Yamamoto, T. S., Yamamoto, T., Yamamura, S., Yamazaki, R., Yan, S., Yan, T., Yang, F. W., Yang, F., Yang, K. Z., Yang, Y., Yarbrough, Z., Yasui, H., Yeh, S. -W., Yelikar, A. B., Yin, X., Yokoyama, J., Yokozawa, T., Yoo, J., Yu, H., Yuan, S., Yuzurihara, H., Zadrożny, A., Zanolin, M., Zeeshan, M., Zelenova, T., Zendri, J. -P., Zeoli, M., Zerrad, M., Zevin, M., Zhang, A. C., Zhang, L., Zhang, R., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., Zhao, C., Zhao, Yue, Zhao, Yuhang, Zheng, Y., Zhong, H., Zhou, R., Zhu, X. -J., Zhu, Z. -H., Zimmerman, A. B., Zucker, M. E., Zweizig, J., Furlan, S. B. Araujo, Arzoumanian, Z., Basu, A., Cassity, A., Cognard, I., Crowter, K., del Palacio, S., Espinoza, C. M., Fonseca, E., Flynn, C. M. L., Gancio, G., Garcia, F., Gendreau, K. C., Good, D. C., Guillemot, L., Guillot, S., Keith, M. J., Kuiper, L., Lower, M. E., Lyne, A. G., McKee, J. W., Meyers, B. W., Palfreyman, J. L., Pearlman, A. B., Romero, G. E., Shannon, R. M., Shaw, B., Stairs, I. H., Stappers, B. W., Tan, C. M., Theureau, G., Thompson, M., Weltevrede, P., and Zubieta, E.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Continuous gravitational waves (CWs) emission from neutron stars carries information about their internal structure and equation of state, and it can provide tests of General Relativity. We present a search for CWs from a set of 45 known pulsars in the first part of the fourth LIGO--Virgo--KAGRA observing run, known as O4a. We conducted a targeted search for each pulsar using three independent analysis methods considering the single-harmonic and the dual-harmonic emission models. We find no evidence of a CW signal in O4a data for both models and set upper limits on the signal amplitude and on the ellipticity, which quantifies the asymmetry in the neutron star mass distribution. For the single-harmonic emission model, 29 targets have the upper limit on the amplitude below the theoretical spin-down limit. The lowest upper limit on the amplitude is $6.4\!\times\!10^{-27}$ for the young energetic pulsar J0537-6910, while the lowest constraint on the ellipticity is $8.8\!\times\!10^{-9}$ for the bright nearby millisecond pulsar J0437-4715. Additionally, for a subset of 16 targets we performed a narrowband search that is more robust regarding the emission model, with no evidence of a signal. We also found no evidence of non-standard polarizations as predicted by the Brans-Dicke theory., Comment: main paper: 12 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables
Published: 2025

7. Diagnosing Unknown Attacks in Smart Homes Using Abductive Reasoning

Author: Ramkumar, Kushal, Cai, Wanling, McCarthy, John, Doherty, Gavin, Nuseibeh, Bashar, and Pasquale, Liliana
Subjects: Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Computer Science - Computers and Society
Abstract: Security attacks are rising, as evidenced by the number of reported vulnerabilities. Among them, unknown attacks, including new variants of existing attacks, technical blind spots or previously undiscovered attacks, challenge enduring security. This is due to the limited number of techniques that diagnose these attacks and enable the selection of adequate security controls. In this paper, we propose an automated technique that detects and diagnoses unknown attacks by identifying the class of attack and the violated security requirements, enabling the selection of adequate security controls. Our technique combines anomaly detection to detect unknown attacks with abductive reasoning to diagnose them. We first model the behaviour of the smart home and its requirements as a logic program in Answer Set Programming (ASP). We then apply Z-Score thresholding to the anomaly scores of an Isolation Forest trained using unlabeled data to simulate unknown attack scenarios. Finally, we encode the network anomaly in the logic program and perform abduction by refutation to identify the class of attack and the security requirements that this anomaly may violate. We demonstrate our technique using a smart home scenario, where we detect and diagnose anomalies in network traffic. We evaluate the precision, recall and F1-score of the anomaly detector and the diagnosis technique against 18 attacks from the ground truth labels provided by two datasets, CICIoT2023 and IoT-23. Our experiments show that the anomaly detector effectively identifies anomalies when the network traces are strong indicators of an attack. When provided with sufficient contextual data, the diagnosis logic effectively identifies true anomalies, and reduces the number of false positives reported by anomaly detectors. Finally, we discuss how our technique can support the selection of adequate security controls.
Published: 2024

8. Linked Adapters: Linking Past and Future to Present for Effective Continual Learning

Author: Chandra, Dupati Srikar, Srijith, P. K., Rezazadegan, Dana, and McCarthy, Chris
Subjects: Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract: Continual learning allows the system to learn and adapt to new tasks while retaining the knowledge acquired from previous tasks. However, deep learning models suffer from catastrophic forgetting of knowledge learned from earlier tasks while learning a new task. Moreover, retraining large models like transformers from scratch for every new task is costly. An effective approach to address continual learning is to use a large pre-trained model with task-specific adapters to adapt to the new tasks. Though this approach can mitigate catastrophic forgetting, they fail to transfer knowledge across tasks as each task is learning adapters separately. To address this, we propose a novel approach Linked Adapters that allows knowledge transfer through a weighted attention mechanism to other task-specific adapters. Linked adapters use a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) to model the attention weights, which overcomes the challenge of backward knowledge transfer in continual learning in addition to modeling the forward knowledge transfer. During inference, our proposed approach effectively leverages knowledge transfer through MLP-based attention weights across all the lateral task adapters. Through numerous experiments conducted on diverse image classification datasets, we effectively demonstrated the improvement in performance on the continual learning tasks using Linked Adapters., Comment: 13 Pages, 5 Figures
Published: 2024

9. FLAMINGO: Galaxy formation and feedback effects on the gas density and velocity fields

Author: Ondaro-Mallea, Lurdes, Angulo, Raul E., Aricò, Giovanni, Schaye, Joop, McCarthy, Ian G., and Schaller, Matthieu
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Most of the visible matter in the Universe is in a gaseous state, subject to hydrodynamic forces and galaxy formation processes that are much more complex to model than gravity. These baryonic effects can potentially bias the analyses of several cosmological probes, such as weak gravitational lensing. In this work, we study the gas density and velocity fields of the FLAMINGO simulations and compare them with their gravity-only predictions. We find that, while the gas velocities do not differ from those of dark matter on large scales, the gas mass power spectrum is suppressed by up to $\approx 8\%$ relative to matter, even on gigaparsec scales. This is a consequence of star formation depleting gas in the densest and most clustered regions of the universe. On smaller scales, $k>0.1 \, h / \rm Mpc$, the power suppression for both gas densities and velocities is more significant and correlates with the strength of the active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback. The impact of feedback can be understood in terms of outflows, identified as gas bubbles with positive radial velocities ejected from the central galaxy. With increasing feedback strength, the outflowing gas has higher velocities, and it reaches scales as large as $10$ times the virial radius of the halo, redistributing the gas and slowing its average infall velocity. Interestingly, different implementations of AGN feedback leave distinct features in these outflows in terms of their radial and angular profiles and their dependence on halo mass. In the future, such differences could be measured in observations using, for example, the kinetic Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect.
Published: 2024

10. A Plug-and-Play Algorithm for 3D Video Super-Resolution of Single-Photon LiDAR data

Author: Ruget, Alice, Wilson, Lewis, Leach, Jonathan, Tobin, Rachael, Mccarthy, Aongus, Buller, Gerald S., Mclaughlin, Steve, and Halimi, Abderrahim
Subjects: Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract: Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are advanced sensors capable of detecting individual photons and recording their arrival times with picosecond resolution using time-correlated Single-Photon Counting detection techniques. They are used in various applications, such as LiDAR, and can capture high-speed sequences of binary single-photon images, offering great potential for reconstructing 3D environments with high motion dynamics. To complement single-photon data, they are often paired with conventional passive cameras, which capture high-resolution (HR) intensity images at a lower frame rate. However, 3D reconstruction from SPAD data faces challenges. Aggregating multiple binary measurements improves precision and reduces noise but can cause motion blur in dynamic scenes. Additionally, SPAD arrays often have lower resolution than passive cameras. To address these issues, we propose a novel computational imaging algorithm to improve the 3D reconstruction of moving scenes from SPAD data by addressing the motion blur and increasing the native spatial resolution. We adopt a plug-and-play approach within an optimization scheme alternating between guided video super-resolution of the 3D scene, and precise image realignment using optical flow. Experiments on synthetic data show significantly improved image resolutions across various signal-to-noise ratios and photon levels. We validate our method using real-world SPAD measurements on three practical situations with dynamic objects. First on fast-moving scenes in laboratory conditions at short range; second very low resolution imaging of people with a consumer-grade SPAD sensor from STMicroelectronics; and finally, HR imaging of people walking outdoors in daylight at a range of 325 meters under eye-safe illumination conditions using a short-wave infrared SPAD camera. These results demonstrate the robustness and versatility of our approach., Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures
Published: 2024

11. An instrument to link global positioning to the Universe -- Observing GNSS satellites with the Australian VLBI array

Author: McCallum, Lucia, Schunck, David, McCallum, Jamie, and McCarthy, Tiege
Subjects: Physics - Geophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics - Space Physics
Abstract: This paper introduces a new instrument enabling a novel combination of Earth measuring techniques: direct observations with the radio astronomical instruments to satellites of the global navigation satellite systems. Inter-technique biases are a major error source in the terrestrial reference frame. Combining two major space-geodetic techniques, GNSS and VLBI, through observations to identical sensors has been considered infeasible due to their seemingly incompatible operating frequencies. The newly accessible L-band capability of the Australian VGOS telescopes is shown here, invalidating this prevailing opinion. A series of test observations demonstrates geodetic VLBI observations to GPS satellites for a continental-wide IVS telescope array, with the potential for observations at a critical scale. We anticipate immediate impact for the geodetic community, through first-ever inter-technique ties between VLBI and GNSS in the Australian region and via the opportunity for critical test observations towards the Genesis mission, geodesy's flagship project in the area of space ties set for launch in 2028., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures. Submitted to Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific on the 17th of December 2024
Published: 2024

12. First search for atmospheric millicharged particles with the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment

Author: Aalbers, J., Akerib, D. S., Musalhi, A. K. Al, Alder, F., Amarasinghe, C. S., Ames, A., Anderson, T. J., Angelides, N., Araújo, H. M., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Baker, A., Balashov, S., Bang, J., Bargemann, J. W., Barillier, E. E., Bauer, D., Beattie, K., Benson, T., Bhatti, A., Biekert, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Birch, H. J., Bishop, E., Blockinger, G. M., Boxer, B., Brew, C. A. J., Brás, P., Burdin, S., Buuck, M., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carter, M., Chawla, A., Chen, H., Cherwinka, J. J., Chin, Y. T., Chott, N. I., Converse, M. V., Coronel, R., Cottle, A., Cox, G., Curran, D., Dahl, C. E., Darlington, I., Dave, S., David, A., Delgaudio, J., Dey, S., de Viveiros, L., Di Felice, L., Ding, C., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Dubey, S., Eriksen, S. R., Fan, A., Fayer, S., Fearon, N. M., Fieldhouse, N., Fiorucci, S., Flaecher, H., Fraser, E. D., Fruth, T. M. A., Gaitskell, R. J., Geffre, A., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Ghosh, A., Gibbons, R., Gokhale, S., Green, J., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Haiston, J. J., Hall, C. R., Hall, T. J., Han, S., Hartigan-O'Connor, E., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hernandez, M. A., Hertel, S. A., Heuermann, G., Homenides, G. J., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hunt, D., Jacquet, E., James, R. S., Johnson, J., Kaboth, A. C., Kamaha, A. C., K., Meghna K., Khaitan, D., Khazov, A., Khurana, I., Kim, J., Kim, Y. D., Kingston, J., Kirk, R., Kodroff, D., Korley, L., Korolkova, E. V., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S., Kreczko, L., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Lawes, C., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Levy, C., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Lippincott, W. H., Lopes, M. I., Lorenzon, W., Lu, C., Luitz, S., Majewski, P. A., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Maupin, C., McCarthy, M. E., McDowell, G., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J., McLaughlin, J. B., McMonigle, R., Mizrachi, E., Monte, A., Monzani, M. E., Mendoza, J. D. Morales, Morrison, E., Mount, B. J., Murdy, M., Murphy, A. St. J., Naylor, A., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Nguyen, A., O'Brien, C. L., Olcina, I., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Orpwood, J., Oyulmaz, K. Y, Palladino, K. J., Palmer, J., Pannifer, N. J., Parveen, N., Patton, S. J., Penning, B., Pereira, G., Perry, E., Pershing, T., Piepke, A., Qie, Y., Reichenbacher, J., Rhyne, C. A., Richards, A., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Ritchey, E., Riyat, H. S., Rosero, R., Rushton, T., Rynders, D., Santone, D., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Schnee, R. W., Sehr, G., Shafer, B., Shaw, S., Shutt, T., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Sinev, G., Siniscalco, J., Smith, R., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Soria, J., Stancu, I., Stevens, A., Stifter, K., Suerfu, B., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Tiedt, D. R., Timalsina, M., Tong, Z., Tovey, D. R., Tranter, J., Trask, M., Tripathi, M., Usón, A., Vacheret, A., Vaitkus, A. C., Valentino, O., Velan, V., Wang, A., Wang, J. J., Wang, Y., Watson, J. R., Weeldreyer, L., Whitis, T. J., Wild, K., Williams, M., Wisniewski, W. J., Wolf, L., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodford, S., Woodward, D., Wright, C. J., Xia, Q., Xu, J., Xu, Y., Yeh, M., Yeum, D., Zha, W., and Zweig, E. A.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report on a search for millicharged particles (mCPs) produced in cosmic ray proton atmospheric interactions using data collected during the first science run of the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment. The mCPs produced by two processes -- meson decay and proton bremsstrahlung -- are considered in this study. This search utilized a novel signature unique to liquid xenon (LXe) time projection chambers (TPCs), allowing sensitivity to mCPs with masses ranging from 10 to 1000 MeV/c$^2$ and fractional charges between 0.001 and 0.02 of the electron charge e. With an exposure of 60 live days and a 5.5 tonne fiducial mass, we observed no significant excess over background. This represents the first experimental search for atmospheric mCPs and the first search for mCPs using an underground LXe experiment.
Published: 2024

13. Atmospheric molecular blobs shape up circumstellar envelopes of AGB stars

Author: Velilla-Prieto, L., Fonfría, J. P., Agúndez, M., Castro-Carrizo, A., Guélin, M., Quintana-Lacaci, G., Cherchneff, I., Joblin, C., McCarthy, M. C., Martín-Gago, J. A., and Cernicharo, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: During their thermally pulsing phase, Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars eject material that forms extended dusty envelopes. Visible polarimetric imaging found clumpy dust clouds within two stellar radii of several oxygen-rich stars. Inhomogeneous molecular gas has also been observed in multiple emission lines within several stellar radii of different oxygen rich stars, including W Hya and Mira. At the stellar surface level, infrared images have revealed intricate structures around the carbon semi-regular variable R Scl and in the S-type star $\pi^{\mathrm{1}}$ Gru. Infrared images have also shown clumpy dust structures within a few stellar radii of the prototypical carbon AGB star IRC+10216, and studies of the molecular gas distribution beyond the dust formation zone have also shown complex circumstellar structures. Because of the lack of sufficient spatial resolution, however, the distribution of molecular gas in the stellar atmosphere and the dust formation zone of AGB carbon stars is not known, nor is how it is subsequently expelled. Here we report observations with a resolution of one stellar radius of the recently formed dust and molecular gas in the atmosphere of IRC+10216. Lines of HCN, SiS, and SiC$_2$ appear at different radii and in different clumps, which we interpret as large convective cells in the photosphere, as seen in Betelgeuse. The convective cells coalesce with pulsation causing anisotropies that, together with companions, shape its circumstellar envelope., Comment: 45 pages, 14 figures. This is a preprint version of an article published in Nature. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-05917-9
Published: 2024
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14. Navigating School Belonging in Qatari Schools: A Mixed-Methods Study of Student Perspectives

Author: Kelly-Ann Allen, Shannon McCarthy, Rania Sawalhi, Emily Berger, Fiona May, Lefteris Patlamazoglou, Nicholas Gamble, Christine Grové, Gerald Wurf, Elisa Jones Arango, William Warton, and Andrea Reupert
Abstract: A sense of school belonging is essential for adolescent development, though there is limited research investigating ways to improve students' sense of school belonging in Qatar. With 116 Qatari secondary school students, the current study explored student perspectives of ways teachers and schools could improve their sense of school belonging. Students responded to a survey including open-ended questions and a descriptive scale measuring the usefulness of established belonging strategies during remote learning, in-person, or all the time (both). Encouragement and support from teachers were found to be useful all the time, with school activities during breaks and opportunities to make friends only being useful during school-based learning. From the examination of open-ended responses using a hybrid qualitative approach with inductive and deductive coding, two overarching themes each at the teacher-level and school-level were found, defined by several subthemes. Belonging practices at the teacher-level included caring and supportive teachers and teachers treating students as people. Belonging practices at the school-level included student engagement and a positive and supportive school environment. For Qatari students practices such as prioritising supportive student-teacher relationships, introducing policies which promote a respectful, fair and safe environment, and offering school wide-extracurricular activities that encourage peer connections are important to develop their sense of school belonging.
Published: 2024
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15. Development of a Reliable, Valid Procedural Checklist for Assessment of Emergency Medicine Resident Performance of Emergency Cricothyrotomy

Author: Loke, Dana E., Rogers, Andrew M., McCarthy, Morgan L., Leibowitz, Maren K., Stulpin, Elizabeth T., and Salzman, David H.
Subjects: Emergency cricothyrotomy, procedural training, Procedural checklist, Emergency Medicine, Medical Education, Simulation
Abstract: Introduction: Emergency cricothyrotomy is a rare but potentially life-saving procedure performed by emergency physicians. A comprehensive, dichotomous procedural checklist for emergency cricothyrotomy for emergency medicine (EM) resident education does not exist.Objectives: We aimed to develop a checklist containing the critical steps for performing an open emergency cricothyrotomy, to assess performance of EM residents performing an open emergency cricothyrotomy using the checklist on a simulator, and to evaluate the reliability and validity of the checklist for performing the procedure.Curricular Design: We developed a preliminary checklist based on literature review and sent it to experts in EM and trauma surgery. A modiﬁed Delphi approach was used to revise the checklist and reach consensus on a ﬁnal version of the checklist. To assess usability of the checklist, we assessed EM residents using a cricothyrotomy task trainer. Scores were determined by the number of correctly performed items. We calculated inter-rater reliability using the Cohen kappa coefﬁcient. Validity was assessed using the Welch t-test to compare the performance of residents who had and had not performed an open emergency cricothyrotomy, and we used analysis of variance to compare performance of postgraduate year (PGY) cohorts.Impact/Effectiveness: The ﬁnal 27-item checklist was developed after three rounds of revisions. Inter-rater reliability was strong overall (κ = 0.812) with individual checklist items ranging from slight to nearly perfect agreement. A total of 56 residents participated, with an average score of 14.3 (52.9%). Performance varied signiﬁcantly among PGY groups (P < 0.001). Residents who had performed an emergency cricothyrotomy previously performed signiﬁcantly better than those who had not (P = 0.005). The developed checklist, which can be used in procedural training for open emergency cricothyrotomy, suggests that improved training approaches to teaching and assessing emergency cricothyrotomy are needed given the overall poor performance of this cohort.
Published: 2025

16. Physical and biogeochemical drivers of multi-year isoscape in the California upwelling system.

Author: Vokhshoori, Natasha, Pugsley, Genevieve, Fiechter, Jerome, and McCarthy, Matthew
Subjects: California current system, Carbon and nitrogen isotopes, Regional ocean circulation model, California, Carbon Isotopes, Nitrogen Isotopes, Ecosystem, Animals, Seawater, Mytilus
Abstract: Stable isotopes of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) are commonly employed to reconstruct past change in marine ecosystems and nutrient cycling. However, multiple biogeochemical and physical drivers govern spatiotemporal variability of these isotopic signals, particularly in dynamic coastal systems, complicating interpretation. Here, we coupled a modern multi-year (2010-2019) δ13C and δ15N isoscape record from intertidal mussels (Mytilus californianus) with high-resolution ocean model output and satellite chlorophyll-a observations in the California Current System (32°-43° N) to identify major drivers of isotopic variability. Our results show that spatial variations in δ13C are largely related to primary production, whereas spatial δ15N variability is driven by water mass mixing. Major isotopic change was also related to ocean climate variability; however, these effects vary regionally. In northern and central California, δ15N values are predominantly a function of nitrate utilization, whereas in southern California, δ15N varies due to shifts in water mass composition. In all regions, δ13C values are driven by productivity, with the largest changes occurring in southern California. Our findings provide novel insight into regional differences in predominant drivers of isotopic variability, and links to modern ocean climate variability. These findings offer crucial information needed for robust interpretations of California Current palaeoceanographic δ13C and δ15N records.
Published: 2024

17. Co-morbid cannabis use disorder and chronotype are associated with mood symptom onset in people with bipolar disorder

Author: Miranda, Alannah, Holloway, Breanna M, Perry, William, Minassian, Arpi, and McCarthy, Michael
Subjects: Biological Psychology, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Psychology, Mental Illness, Cannabinoid Research, Clinical Research, Sleep Research, Behavioral and Social Science, Brain Disorders, Serious Mental Illness, Depression, Bipolar Disorder, Substance Misuse, Mental Health, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Mental health, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Male, Adult, Female, Comorbidity, Marijuana Abuse, Middle Aged, Circadian Rhythm, Young Adult, Chronotype, Cannabis abuse, Bipolar disorder, Mania, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Psychiatry, Clinical sciences, Clinical and health psychology
Abstract: Comorbid cannabis use disorder (CUD) is disproportionately high in people with bipolar disorder (BD) and has been associated with worsening of BD symptoms. However, many people with BD report regularly using cannabis to ameliorate symptoms, including sleep disturbances. Sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances are hallmark features of BD that often precede the onset of mood symptoms. Genetic studies indicate that circadian disruption may predispose individuals towards both problematic cannabis use and BD, rather than cannabis use directly impacting BD symptoms. To further disentangle these hypotheses, we aimed to investigate the relationship between chronotype, cannabis use disorder (CUD) and BD mood symptoms. Data from 212 participants with BD I from the Pharmacogenomics of Bipolar Disorder study dataset were analyzed for this study. Participants were stratified by those diagnosed with co-morbid CUD and BD symptom variables, including the mean number of mood episodes per year and age of mood symptom onset for both depression and mania symptoms. The Basic Language Morningness scale (BALM) was used to assess chronotype. There was no interaction between morningness levels and CUD on BD symptoms, however both lower morningness and CUD were independently associated with earlier age of mood symptom onset. However, patients who reported initiating cannabis use post mood symptom onset had an earlier mood symptom age of onset compared to those who reported initiating cannabis use prior to mood symptom onset. These findings could provide further evidence that circadian rhythm disruption could be an underlying factor that predisposes individuals toward both CUD and BD.
Published: 2024

18. Features Associated With Different Inflammatory Phenotypes of Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease: A Study Using Data From the International American College of Rheumatology/EULAR Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Classification Criteria Cohort.

Author: Pascart, Tristan, Latourte, Augustin, Tedeschi, Sara, Dalbeth, Nicola, Neogi, Tuhina, Adinolfi, Antonella, Arad, Uri, Andres, Mariano, Becce, Fabio, Bardin, Thomas, Cipolletta, Edoardo, Ea, Hang-Korng, Filippou, Georgios, Filippucci, Emilio, FitzGerald, John, Iagnocco, Annamaria, Jansen, Tim, Janssen, Matthijs, Lioté, Frédéric, So, Alexander, McCarthy, Geraldine, Ramonda, Roberta, Richette, Pascal, Rosenthal, Ann, Scirè, Carlo, Silvagni, Ettore, Sirotti, Silvia, Sivera, Francisca, Stamp, Lisa, Taylor, William, Terkeltaub, Robert, Choi, Hyon, and Abhishek, Abhishek
Subjects: Humans, Chondrocalcinosis, Female, Male, Aged, Phenotype, Middle Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Aged, 80 and over, Cohort Studies, Acute Disease, Calcium Pyrophosphate, Arthritis, Recurrence, Chronic Disease, Logistic Models, Inflammation, Wrist Joint, Risk Factors
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The study objective was to examine the disease, demographic, and imaging features associated with different inflammatory phenotypes of calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD) disease, ie, recurrent acute calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystal arthritis, chronic CPP crystal inflammatory arthritis, and crowned dens syndrome (CDS). METHODS: Data from an international cohort (assembled from 25 sites in 7 countries for the development and validation of the 2023 CPPD classification criteria from the American College of Rheumatology/EULAR) that met the criteria were included. Three cross-sectional studies were conducted to determine the phenotypic characteristics of recurrent acute CPP crystal arthritis, chronic CPP crystal inflammatory arthritis, and CDS. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to calculate adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to examine the association between potential risk factors and the inflammatory phenotype. RESULTS: Among the 618 people included (56% female; mean age [standard deviation] 74.0 [11.9] years), 602 (97.4%) had experienced acute CPP crystal arthritis, 332 (53.7%) had recurrent acute arthritis, 158 (25.6%) had persistent inflammatory arthritis, and 45 (7.3%) had had CDS. Recurrent acute CPP crystal arthritis associated with longer disease duration (aOR 2.88 [95% CI 2.00-4.14]). Chronic CPP crystal inflammatory arthritis was associated with acute wrist arthritis (aOR 2.92 [95% CI 1.81-4.73]), metacarpophalangeal joint osteoarthritis (aOR 1.87 [95% CI 1.17-2.97]), and scapho-trapezo-trapezoid (STT) joint osteoarthritis (aOR 1.83 [95% CI 1.15-2.91]), and it was negatively associated with either metabolic or familial risk for CPPD (aOR 0.60 [95% CI 0.37-0.96]). CDS was associated with male sex (aOR 2.35 [95% CI 1.21-4.59]), STT joint osteoarthritis (aOR 2.71 [95% CI 1.22-6.05]), and more joints affected with chondrocalcinosis (aOR 1.46 [95% CI 1.15-1.85]). CONCLUSION: CPPD disease encompasses acute and chronic inflammatory phenotypes, each with specific clinical and imaging features that need to be considered in the diagnostic workup.
Published: 2024

19. Diamine Surface Passivation and Post-Annealing Enhance Performance of Silicon-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells

Author: Taddei, Margherita, Contreras, Hannah, Doan, Hai-Nam, McCarthy, Declan P., Seo, Seongrok, Westbrook, Robert J. E., Graham, Daniel J., Datta, Kunal, Carroy, Perrine, Muñoz, Delfina, Correa-Baena, Juan-Pablo, Barlow, Stephen, Marder, Seth R., Smith, Joel A., Snaith, Henry J., and Ginger, David S.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract: We show that the use of 1,3-diaminopropane (DAP) as a chemical modifier at the perovskite/electron-transport layer (ETL) interface enhances the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.7 eV bandgap FACs mixed-halide perovskite single-junction cells, primarily by boosting the open-circuit voltage (VOC) from 1.06 V to 1.15 V. Adding a post-processing annealing step after C60 evaporation, further improves the fill factor (FF) by 20% from the control to the DAP + post-annealing devices. Using hyperspectral photoluminescence microscopy, we demonstrate that annealing helps improve compositional homogeneity at the top and bottom interfaces of the solar cell, which prevents detrimental bandgap pinning in the devices and improves C60 adhesion. Using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, we show that DAP reacts with formamidinium present near the surface of the perovskite lattice to form a larger molecular cation, 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidinium (THP) that remains at the interface. Combining the use of DAP and the annealing of C60 interface, we fabricate Si-perovskite tandems with PCE of 25.29%, compared to 23.26% for control devices. Our study underscores the critical role of chemical reactivity and thermal post-processing of the C60/Lewis-base passivator interface in minimizing device losses and advancing solar-cell performance of wide-bandgap mixed-cation mixed-halide perovskite for tandem application.
Published: 2024

20. The JWST Weather Report from the Isolated Exoplanet Analog SIMP 0136+0933: Pressure-Dependent Variability Driven by Multiple Mechanisms

Author: McCarthy, Allison M., Vos, Johanna M., Muirhead, Philip S., Biller, Beth A., Morley, Caroline V., Faherty, Jacqueline, Burningham, Ben, Calamari, Emily, Cowan, Nicolas B., Cruz, Kelle L., Gonzales, Eileen, Limbach, Mary Anne, Liu, Pengyu, Nasedkin, Evert, Suarez, Genaro, Tan, Xianyu, O'Toole, Cian, Visscher, Channon, Whiteford, Niall, and Zhou, Yifan
Subjects: Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: Isolated planetary-mass objects share their mass range with planets but do not orbit a star. They lack the necessary mass to support fusion in their cores and thermally radiate their heat from formation as they cool, primarily at infrared wavelengths. Many isolated planetary-mass objects show variations in their infrared brightness consistent with non-uniform atmospheric features modulated by their rotation. SIMP J013656.5+093347.3 is a rapidly rotating isolated planetary-mass object, and previous infrared monitoring suggests complex atmospheric features rotating in and out of view. The physical nature of these features is not well understood, with clouds, temperature variations, thermochemical instabilities, and infrared-emitting aurora all proposed as contributing mechanisms. Here we report JWST time-resolved low-resolution spectroscopy from 0.8 - 11 micron of SIMP J013656.5+093347.3 which supports the presence of three specific features in the atmosphere: clouds, hot spots, and changing carbon chemistry. We show that no single mechanism can explain the variations in the time-resolved spectra. When combined with previous studies of this object indicating patchy clouds and aurorae, these measurements reveal the rich complexity of the atmosphere of SIMP J013656.5+093347.3. Gas giant planets in the solar system, specifically Jupiter and Saturn, also have multiple cloud layers and high-altitude hot spots, suggesting these phenomena are also present in worlds both within and beyond our solar-system., Comment: Accepted to ApJ Letters
Published: 2024

21. Advanced LIGO detector performance in the fourth observing run

Author: Capote, E., Jia, W., Aritomi, N., Nakano, M., Xu, V., Abbott, R., Abouelfettouh, I., Adhikari, R. X., Ananyeva, A., Appert, S., Apple, S. K., Arai, K., Aston, S. M., Ball, M., Ballmer, S. W., Barker, D., Barsotti, L., Berger, B. K., Betzwieser, J., Bhattacharjee, D., Billingsley, G., Biscans, S., Blair, C. D., Bode, N., Bonilla, E., Bossilkov, V., Branch, A., Brooks, A. F., Brown, D. D., Bryant, J., Cahillane, C., Cao, H., Clara, F., Collins, J., Compton, C. M., Cottingham, R., Coyne, D. C., Crouch, R., Csizmazia, J., Cumming, A., Dartez, L. P., Davis, D., Demos, N., Dohmen, E., Driggers, J. C., Dwyer, S. E., Effler, A., Ejlli, A., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Feicht, J., Frey, R., Frischhertz, W., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fuentes-Garcia, M., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Ganapathy, D., Gateley, B., Gayer, T., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Glanzer, J., Goetz, E., Goetz, R., Goodwin-Jones, A. W., Gras, S., Gray, C., Griffith, D., Grote, H., Guidry, T., Gurs, J., Hall, E. D., Hanks, J., Hanson, J., Heintze, M. C., Helmling-Cornell, A. F., Holland, N. A., Hoyland, D., Huang, H. Y., Inoue, Y., James, A. L., Jamies, A., Jennings, A., Jones, D. H., Kabagoz, H. B., Karat, S., Karki, S., Kasprzack, M., Kawabe, K., Kijbunchoo, N., King, P. J., Kissel, J. S., Komori, K., Kontos, A., Kumar, Rahul, Kuns, K., Landry, M., Lantz, B., Laxen, M., Lee, K., Lesovsky, M., Villarreal, F. Llamas, Lormand, M., Loughlin, H. A., Macas, R., MacInnis, M., Makarem, C. N., Mannix, B., Mansell, G. L., Martin, R. M., Mason, K., Matichard, F., Mavalvala, N., Maxwell, N., McCarrol, G., McCarthy, R., McClelland, D. E., McCormick, S., McRae, T., Mera, F., Merilh, E. L., Meylahn, F., Mittleman, R., Moraru, D., Moreno, G., Mullavey, A., Nelson, T. J. N., Neunzert, A., Notte, J., Oberling, J., OHanlon, T., Osthelder, C., Ottaway, D. J., Overmier, H., Parker, W., Patane, O., Pele, A., Pham, H., Pirello, M., Pullin, J., Quetschke, V., Ramirez, K. E., Ransom, K., Reyes, J., Richardson, J. W., Robinson, M., Rollins, J. G., Romel, C. L., Romie, J. H., Ross, M. P., Ryan, K., Sadecki, T., Sanchez, A., Sanchez, E. J., Sanchez, L. E., Savage, R. L., Schaetzl, D., Schiworski, M. G., Schnabel, R., Schofield, R. M. S., Schwartz, E., Sellers, D., Shaffer, T., Short, R. W., Sigg, D., Slagmolen, B. J. J., Soike, C., Soni, S., Srivastava, V., Sun, L., Tanner, D. B., Thomas, M., Thomas, P., Thorne, K. A., Todd, M. R., Torrie, C. I., Traylor, G., Ubhi, A. S., Vajente, G., Vanosky, J., Vecchio, A., Veitch, P. J., Vibhute, A. M., von Reis, E. R. G., Warner, J., Weaver, B., Weiss, R., Whittle, C., Willke, B., Wipf, C. C., Wright, J. L., Yamamoto, H., Zhang, L., and Zucker, M. E.
Subjects: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics - Optics, Quantum Physics
Abstract: On May 24th, 2023, the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), joined by the Advanced Virgo and KAGRA detectors, began the fourth observing run for a two-year-long dedicated search for gravitational waves. The LIGO Hanford and Livingston detectors have achieved an unprecedented sensitivity to gravitational waves, with an angle-averaged median range to binary neutron star mergers of 152 Mpc and 160 Mpc, and duty cycles of 65.0% and 71.2%, respectively, with a coincident duty cycle of 52.6%. The maximum range achieved by the LIGO Hanford detector is 165 Mpc and the LIGO Livingston detector 177 Mpc, both achieved during the second part of the fourth observing run. For the fourth run, the quantum-limited sensitivity of the detectors was increased significantly due to the higher intracavity power from laser system upgrades and replacement of core optics, and from the addition of a 300 m filter cavity to provide the squeezed light with a frequency-dependent squeezing angle, part of the A+ upgrade program. Altogether, the A+ upgrades led to reduced detector-wide losses for the squeezed vacuum states of light which, alongside the filter cavity, enabled broadband quantum noise reduction of up to 5.2 dB at the Hanford observatory and 6.1 dB at the Livingston observatory. Improvements to sensors and actuators as well as significant controls commissioning increased low frequency sensitivity. This paper details these instrumental upgrades, analyzes the noise sources that limit detector sensitivity, and describes the commissioning challenges of the fourth observing run., Comment: 26 pages, 18 figures
Published: 2024

22. FLAMINGO: combining kinetic SZ effect and galaxy-galaxy lensing measurements to gauge the impact of feedback on large-scale structure

Author: McCarthy, Ian G., Amon, Alexandra, Schaye, Joop, Schaan, Emmanuel, Angulo, Raul E., Salcido, Jaime, Schaller, Matthieu, Bigwood, Leah, Elbers, Willem, Kugel, Roi, Helly, John C., Moreno, Victor J. Forouhar, Frenk, Carlos S., McGibbon, Robert J., Ondaro-Mallea, Lurdes, and van Daalen, Marcel P.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Energetic feedback processes associated with accreting supermassive black holes can expel gas from massive haloes and significantly alter various measures of clustering on ~Mpc scales, potentially biasing the values of cosmological parameters inferred from analyses of large-scale structure (LSS) if not modelled accurately. Here we use the state-of-the-art FLAMINGO suite of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations to gauge the impact of feedback on large-scale structure by comparing to Planck + ACT stacking measurements of the kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect of SDSS BOSS galaxies. We make careful like-with-like comparisons to the observations, aided by high precision KiDS and DES galaxy-galaxy lensing measurements of the BOSS galaxies to inform the selection of the simulated galaxies. In qualitative agreement with several recent studies using dark matter only simulations corrected for baryonic effects, we find that the kSZ effect measurements prefer stronger feedback than predicted by simulations which have been calibrated to reproduce the gas fractions of low redshift X-ray-selected groups and clusters. We find that the increased feedback can help to reduce the so-called S8 tension between the observed and CMB-predicted clustering on small scales as probed by cosmic shear (although at the expense of agreement with the X-ray group measurements). However, the increased feedback is only marginally effective at reducing the reported offsets between the predicted and observed clustering as probed by the thermal SZ (tSZ) effect power spectrum and tSZ effect--weak lensing cross-spectrum, both of which are sensitive to higher halo masses than cosmic shear., Comment: 20 pages, 10 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Published: 2024

23. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: A measurement of galaxy cluster temperatures through relativistic corrections to the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect

Author: Coulton, William R., Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J., Atkins, Zachary, Battaglia, Nicholas, Battistelli, Elia Stefano, Bond, J Richard, Cai, Hongbo, Calabrese, Erminia, Choi, Steve K., Crowley, Kevin T., Devlin, Mark J., Dunkley, Jo, Ferraro, Simone, Guan, Yilun, Hervías-Caimapo, Carlos, Hill, J. Colin, Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D., Kosowsky, Arthur, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., van Marrewijk, Joshiwa, McCarthy, Fiona, Moodley, Kavilan, Mroczkowski, Tony, Niemack, Michael D., Page, Lyman A., Partridge, Bruce, Schaan, Emmanuel, Sehgal, Neelima, Sherwin, Blake, Sifón, Cristóbal, Spergel, David N., Staggs, Suzanne T., Vavagiakis, Eve M., and Wollack, Edward J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The high electron temperature in galaxy clusters ($>1\,$keV or $>10^7\,$K) leads to corrections at the level of a few percent in their thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect signatures. Both the size and frequency dependence of these corrections, which are known as relativistic temperature corrections, depend upon the temperature of the objects. In this work we exploit this effect to measure the average temperature of a stack of Compton-$y$ selected clusters. Specifically, we apply the "spectroscopic method" and search for the temperature that best fits the clusters' signal measured at frequencies from 30 to 545 GHz by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope and Planck satellite. We measure the average temperature of clusters detected in the ACT maps to be $8.5\pm 2.4\,$keV, with an additional systematic error of comparable amplitude dominated by passband uncertainty. Upcoming surveys, such as the Simons Observatory and CMB-S4, have the potential to dramatically improve upon these measurements and thereby enable precision studies of cluster temperatures with millimeter observations. The key challenge for future observations will be mitigating instrumental systematic effects, which already limit this analysis., Comment: 21 pages with 17 figures
Published: 2024

24. Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Sensitivity of the XLZD Rare Event Observatory

Author: XLZD Collaboration, Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Adrover, M., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Akerib, D. S., Musalhi, A. K. Al, Alder, F., Althueser, L., Amaral, D. W. P., Amarasinghe, C. S., Ames, A., Andrieu, B., Angelides, N., Angelino, E., Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Araújo, H. M., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Babicz, M., Bajpai, D., Baker, A., Balzer, M., Bang, J., Barberio, E., Bargemann, J. W., Barillier, E., Basharina-Freshville, A., Baudis, L., Bauer, D., Bazyk, M., Beattie, K., Beaupere, N., Bell, N. F., Bellagamba, L., Benson, T., Bhatti, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Biondi, R., Biondi, Y., Birch, H. J., Bishop, E., Bismark, A., Boehm, C., Boese, K., Bolotnikov, A., Brás, P., Braun, R., Breskin, A., Brew, C. A. J., Brommer, S., Brown, A., Bruni, G., Budnik, R., Burdin, S., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Carini, G., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carter, M., Chauvin, A., Chawla, A., Chen, H., Cherwinka, J. J., Chin, Y. T., Chott, N. I., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Clark, K., Colijn, A. P., Colling, D. J., Conrad, J., Converse, M. V., Coronel, R., Costanzo, D., Cottle, A., Cox, G., Cuenca-García, J. J., Curran, D., Cussans, D., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Darlington, I., Dave, S., David, A., Davies, G. J., Decowski, M. P., Deisting, A., Delgaudio, J., Dey, S., Di Donato, C., Di Felice, L., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Ding, C., Dobson, J. E. Y., Doerenkamp, M., Drexlin, G., Druszkiewicz, E., Dunbar, C. L., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Engel, R., Eriksen, S. R., Fayer, S., Fearon, N. M., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fieldhouse, N., Fischer, H., Flaecher, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fraser, E. D., Fruth, T. M. A., Fujikawa, K., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Gaitskell, R. J., Gallice, N., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garroum, N., Geffre, A., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Ghosh, S., Giacomobono, R., Gibbons, R., Girard, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Glück, F., Gokhale, S., Grandi, L., Green, J., Grigat, J., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Größle, R., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gyorgy, P., Haiston, J. J., Hall, C. R., Hall, T., Hammann, R., Hannen, V., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Hargittai, N., Hartigan-O'Connor, E., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hernandez, M., Hertel, S. A., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hiraoka, K., Hoetzsch, L., Hoferichter, M., Homenides, G. J., Hood, N. F., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hughes, S., Hunt, D., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jacquet, E., Jakob, J., James, R. S., Joerg, F., Jones, S., Kaboth, A. C., Kahlert, F., Kamaha, A. C., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Keller, M., Kemp-Russell, P., Khaitan, D., Kharbanda, P., Kilminster, B., Kim, J., Kirk, R., Kleifges, M., Klute, M., Kobayashi, M., Kodroff, D., Koke, D., Kopec, A., Korolkova, E. V., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S., Kreczko, L., von Krosigk, B., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Kuger, F., Kurita, N., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lawes, C., Lee, J., Lehnert, B., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Levinson, L., Li, A., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Liang, Z., Lin, J., Lin, Y. -T., Lindemann, S., Linden, S., Lindner, M., Lindote, A., Lippincott, W. H., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Lopes, M. I., Lorenzon, W., Loutit, M., Lu, C., Lucchetti, G. M., Luce, T., Luitz, S., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Maier, B., Majewski, P. A., Manalaysay, A., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Mannino, R. L., Marignetti, F., Marley, T., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Maupin, C., McCabe, C., McCarthy, M. E., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J. B., Melchiorre, A., Menéndez, J., Messina, M., Miller, E. H., Milosovic, B., Milutinovic, S., Miuchi, K., Miyata, R., Mizrachi, E., Molinario, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Monzani, M. E., Morå, K., Moriyama, S., Morrison, E., Morteau, E., Mosbacher, Y., Mount, B. J., Müller, J., Murdy, M., Murphy, A. St. J., Murra, M., Naylor, A., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Newstead, J. L., Nguyen, A., Ni, K., O'Hare, C., Oberlack, U., Obradovic, M., Olcina, I., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Orpwood, J., Ostrowskiy, I., Ouahada, S., Oyulmaz, K., Paetsch, B., Palladino, K. J., Palmer, J., Pan, Y., Pandurovic, M., Pannifer, N. J., Paramesvaran, S., Patton, S. J., Pellegrini, Q., Penning, B., Pereira, G., Peres, R., Perry, E., Pershing, T., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Piepke, A., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qiao, K., Qie, Y., Qin, J., Radeka, S., Radeka, V., Rajado, M., García, D. Ramírez, Ravindran, A., Razeto, A., Reichenbacher, J., Rhyne, C. A., Richards, A., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Riyat, H. S., Rosero, R., Roy, A., Rushton, T., Rynders, D., Saakyan, R., Sanchez, L., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santone, D., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Scaffidi, A., Schnee, R. W., Schreiner, J., Schulte, P., Schulze, H., Eißing, Schumann, M., Schwenck, A., Schwenk, A., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Sharma, S., Shaw, S., Shen, W., Sherman, L., Shi, S., Shi, S. Y., Shimada, T., Shutt, T., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Simgen, H., Sinev, G., Singh, R., Siniscalco, J., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Song, Z., Sorensen, P., Soria, J., Stanley, O., Steidl, M., Stenhouse, T., Stevens, A., Stifter, K., Sumner, T. J., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W. C., Thers, D., Thümmler, T., Tiedt, D. R., Tönnies, F., Tong, Z., Toschi, F., Tovey, D. R., Tranter, J., Trask, M., Trinchero, G., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D. R., Trotta, R., Tunnell, C. D., Urquijo, P., Usón, A., Utoyama, M., Vaitkus, A. C., Valentino, O., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Velan, V., Vetter, S., de Viveiros, L., Volta, G., Vorkapic, D., Wang, A., Wang, J. J., Wang, W., Wang, Y., Waters, D., Weerman, K. M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Whitis, T. J., Wild, K., Williams, M., Wilson, M., Wilson, S. T., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodford, S., Woodward, D., Worcester, M., Wright, C. J., Wu, V. H. S., üstling, S. W, Wurm, M., Xia, Q., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, J., Xu, Y., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yeh, M., Yu, B., Zavattini, G., Zha, W., Zhong, M., and Zuber, K.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The XLZD collaboration is developing a two-phase xenon time projection chamber with an active mass of 60 to 80 t capable of probing the remaining WIMP-nucleon interaction parameter space down to the so-called neutrino fog. In this work we show that, based on the performance of currently operating detectors using the same technology and a realistic reduction of radioactivity in detector materials, such an experiment will also be able to competitively search for neutrinoless double beta decay in $^{136}$Xe using a natural-abundance xenon target. XLZD can reach a 3$\sigma$ discovery potential half-life of 5.7$\times$10$^{27}$ yr (and a 90% CL exclusion of 1.3$\times$10$^{28}$ yr) with 10 years of data taking, corresponding to a Majorana mass range of 7.3-31.3 meV (4.8-20.5 meV). XLZD will thus exclude the inverted neutrino mass ordering parameter space and will start to probe the normal ordering region for most of the nuclear matrix elements commonly considered by the community., Comment: 29 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2024

25. The XLZD Design Book: Towards the Next-Generation Liquid Xenon Observatory for Dark Matter and Neutrino Physics

Author: XLZD Collaboration, Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Adrover, M., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Akerib, D. S., Musalhi, A. K. Al, Alder, F., Althueser, L., Amaral, D. W. P., Amarasinghe, C. S., Ames, A., Andrieu, B., Angelides, N., Angelino, E., Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Araújo, H. M., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Babicz, M., Bajpai, D., Baker, A., Balzer, M., Bang, J., Barberio, E., Bargemann, J. W., Barillier, E., Basharina-Freshville, A., Baudis, L., Bauer, D., Bazyk, M., Beattie, K., Beaupere, N., Bell, N. F., Bellagamba, L., Benson, T., Bhatti, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Biondi, R., Biondi, Y., Birch, H. J., Bishop, E., Bismark, A., Boehm, C., Boese, K., Bolotnikov, A., Brás, P., Braun, R., Breskin, A., Brew, C. A. J., Brommer, S., Brown, A., Bruni, G., Budnik, R., Burdin, S., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Carini, G., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carter, M., Chauvin, A., Chawla, A., Chen, H., Cherwinka, J. J., Chin, Y. T., Chott, N. I., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Clark, K., Colijn, A. P., Colling, D. J., Conrad, J., Converse, M. V., Coronel, R., Costanzo, D., Cottle, A., Cox, G., Cuenca-García, J. J., Curran, D., Cussans, D., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Darlington, I., Dave, S., David, A., Davies, G. J., Decowski, M. P., Deisting, A., Delgaudio, J., Dey, S., Di Donato, C., Di Felice, L., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Ding, C., Dobson, J. E. Y., Doerenkamp, M., Drexlin, G., Druszkiewicz, E., Dunbar, C. L., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Engel, R., Eriksen, S. R., Fayer, S., Fearon, N. M., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fieldhouse, N., Fischer, H., Flaecher, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fraser, E. D., Fruth, T. M. A., Fujikawa, K., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Gaitskell, R. J., Gallice, N., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garroum, N., Geffre, A., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Ghosh, S., Giacomobono, R., Gibbons, R., Girard, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Glück, F., Gokhale, S., Grandi, L., Green, J., Grigat, J., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Größle, R., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gyorgy, P., Haiston, J. J., Hall, C. R., Hall, T., Hammann, R., Hannen, V., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Hargittai, N., Hartigan-O'Connor, E., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hernandez, M., Hertel, S. A., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hiraoka, K., Hoetzsch, L., Hoferichter, M., Homenides, G. J., Hood, N. F., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hughes, S., Hunt, D., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jacquet, E., Jakob, J., James, R. S., Joerg, F., Jones, S., Kaboth, A. C., Kahlert, F., Kamaha, A. C., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Keller, M., Kemp-Russell, P., Khaitan, D., Kharbanda, P., Kilminster, B., Kim, J., Kirk, R., Kleifges, M., Klute, M., Kobayashi, M., Kodroff, D., Koke, D., Kopec, A., Korolkova, E. V., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S., Kreczko, L., von Krosigk, B., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Kuger, F., Kurita, N., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lawes, C., Lee, J., Lehnert, B., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Levinson, L., Li, A., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Liang, Z., Lin, J., Lin, Y. -T., Lindemann, S., Linden, S., Lindner, M., Lindote, A., Lippincott, W. H., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Lopes, M. I., Lorenzon, W., Loutit, M., Lu, C., Lucchetti, G. M., Luce, T., Luitz, S., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Maier, B., Majewski, P. A., Manalaysay, A., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Mannino, R. L., Marignetti, F., Marley, T., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Maupin, C., McCabe, C., McCarthy, M. E., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J. B., Melchiorre, A., Menéndez, J., Messina, M., Miller, E. H., Milosovic, B., Milutinovic, S., Miuchi, K., Miyata, R., Mizrachi, E., Molinario, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Monzani, M. E., Morå, K., Moriyama, S., Morrison, E., Morteau, E., Mosbacher, Y., Mount, B. J., Müller, J., Murdy, M., Murphy, A. St. J., Murra, M., Naylor, A., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Newstead, J. L., Nguyen, A., Ni, K., O'Hare, C., Oberlack, U., Obradovic, M., Olcina, I., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Orpwood, J., Ostrowskiy, I., Ouahada, S., Oyulmaz, K., Paetsch, B., Palladino, K. J., Palmer, J., Pan, Y., Pandurovic, M., Pannifer, N. J., Paramesvaran, S., Patton, S. J., Pellegrini, Q., Penning, B., Pereira, G., Peres, R., Perry, E., Pershing, T., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Piepke, A., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qiao, K., Qie, Y., Qin, J., Radeka, S., Radeka, V., Rajado, M., García, D. Ramírez, Ravindran, A., Razeto, A., Reichenbacher, J., Rhyne, C. A., Richards, A., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Riyat, H. S., Rosero, R., Roy, A., Rushton, T., Rynders, D., Saakyan, R., Sanchez, L., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santone, D., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Scaffidi, A., Schnee, R. W., Schreiner, J., Schulte, P., Schulze, H., Eißing, Schumann, M., Schwenck, A., Schwenk, A., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Sharma, S., Shaw, S., Shen, W., Sherman, L., Shi, S., Shi, S. Y., Shimada, T., Shutt, T., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Simgen, H., Sinev, G., Singh, R., Siniscalco, J., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Song, Z., Sorensen, P., Soria, J., Stanley, O., Steidl, M., Stenhouse, T., Stevens, A., Stifter, K., Sumner, T. J., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W. C., Thers, D., Thümmler, T., Tiedt, D. R., Tönnies, F., Tong, Z., Toschi, F., Tovey, D. R., Tranter, J., Trask, M., Trinchero, G., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D. R., Trotta, R., Tunnell, C. D., Urquijo, P., Usón, A., Utoyama, M., Vaitkus, A. C., Valentino, O., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Velan, V., Vetter, S., de Viveiros, L., Volta, G., Vorkapic, D., Wang, A., Wang, J. J., Wang, W., Wang, Y., Waters, D., Weerman, K. M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Whitis, T. J., Wild, K., Williams, M., Wilson, M., Wilson, S. T., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodford, S., Woodward, D., Worcester, M., Wright, C. J., Wu, V. H. S., üstling, S. W, Wurm, M., Xia, Q., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, J., Xu, Y., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yeh, M., Yu, B., Zavattini, G., Zha, W., Zhong, M., and Zuber, K.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: This report describes the experimental strategy and technologies for a next-generation xenon observatory sensitive to dark matter and neutrino physics. The detector will have an active liquid xenon target mass of 60-80 tonnes and is proposed by the XENON-LUX-ZEPLIN-DARWIN (XLZD) collaboration. The design is based on the mature liquid xenon time projection chamber technology of the current-generation experiments, LZ and XENONnT. A baseline design and opportunities for further optimization of the individual detector components are discussed. The experiment envisaged here has the capability to explore parameter space for Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) dark matter down to the neutrino fog, with a 3$\sigma$ evidence potential for the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross sections as low as $3\times10^{-49}\rm cm^2$ (at 40 GeV/c$^2$ WIMP mass). The observatory is also projected to have a 3$\sigma$ observation potential of neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe at a half-life of up to $5.7\times 10^{27}$ years. Additionally, it is sensitive to astrophysical neutrinos from the atmosphere, sun, and galactic supernovae., Comment: 32 pages, 14 figures
Published: 2024

26. Dark Matter Search Results from 4.2 Tonne-Years of Exposure of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment

Author: Aalbers, J., Akerib, D. S., Musalhi, A. K. Al, Alder, F., Amarasinghe, C. S., Ames, A., Anderson, T. J., Angelides, N., Araújo, H. M., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Baker, A., Balashov, S., Bang, J., Bargemann, J. W., Barillier, E. E., Bauer, D., Beattie, K., Benson, T., Bhatti, A., Biekert, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Birch, H. J., Bishop, E., Blockinger, G. M., Boxer, B., Brew, C. A. J., Brás, P., Burdin, S., Buuck, M., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carter, M., Chawla, A., Chen, H., Cherwinka, J. J., Chin, Y. T., Chott, N. I., Converse, M. V., Coronel, R., Cottle, A., Cox, G., Curran, D., Dahl, C. E., Darlington, I., Dave, S., David, A., Delgaudio, J., Dey, S., de Viveiros, L., Di Felice, L., Ding, C., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Dubey, S., Eriksen, S. R., Fan, A., Fayer, S., Fearon, N. M., Fieldhouse, N., Fiorucci, S., Flaecher, H., Fraser, E. D., Fruth, T. M. A., Gaitskell, R. J., Geffre, A., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Ghosh, A., Gibbons, R., Gokhale, S., Green, J., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Haiston, J. J., Hall, C. R., Hall, T. J., Han, S., Hartigan-O'Connor, E., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hernandez, M. A., Hertel, S. A., Heuermann, G., Homenides, G. J., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hunt, D., Jacquet, E., James, R. S., Johnson, J., Kaboth, A. C., Kamaha, A. C., K., Meghna K., Khaitan, D., Khazov, A., Khurana, I., Kim, J., Kim, Y. D., Kingston, J., Kirk, R., Kodroff, D., Korley, L., Korolkova, E. V., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S., Kreczko, L., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Lawes, C., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Levy, C., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Lippincott, W. H., Lopes, M. I., Lorenzon, W., Lu, C., Luitz, S., Majewski, P. A., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Maupin, C., McCarthy, M. E., McDowell, G., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J., McLaughlin, J. B., McMonigle, R., Mizrachi, E., Monte, A., Monzani, M. E., Mendoza, J. D. Morales, Morrison, E., Mount, B. J., Murdy, M., Murphy, A. St. J., Naylor, A., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Nguyen, A., O'Brien, C. L., Olcina, I., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Orpwood, J., Oyulmaz, K. Y, Palladino, K. J., Palmer, J., Pannifer, N. J., Parveen, N., Patton, S. J., Penning, B., Pereira, G., Perry, E., Pershing, T., Piepke, A., Qie, Y., Reichenbacher, J., Rhyne, C. A., Richards, A., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Ritchey, E., Riyat, H. S., Rosero, R., Rushton, T., Rynders, D., Santone, D., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Schnee, R. W., Sehr, G., Shafer, B., Shaw, S., Shutt, T., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Sinev, G., Siniscalco, J., Smith, R., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Soria, J., Stancu, I., Stevens, A., Stifter, K., Suerfu, B., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Tiedt, D. R., Timalsina, M., Tong, Z., Tovey, D. R., Tranter, J., Trask, M., Tripathi, M., Usón, A., Vacheret, A., Vaitkus, A. C., Valentino, O., Velan, V., Wang, A., Wang, J. J., Wang, Y., Watson, J. R., Weeldreyer, L., Whitis, T. J., Wild, K., Williams, M., Wisniewski, W. J., Wolf, L., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodford, S., Woodward, D., Wright, C. J., Xia, Q., Xu, J., Xu, Y., Yeh, M., Yeum, D., Zha, W., and Zweig, E. A.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report results of a search for nuclear recoils induced by weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter using the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) two-phase xenon time projection chamber. This analysis uses a total exposure of $4.2\pm0.1$ tonne-years from 280 live days of LZ operation, of which $3.3\pm0.1$ tonne-years and 220 live days are new. A technique to actively tag background electronic recoils from $^{214}$Pb $\beta$ decays is featured for the first time. Enhanced electron-ion recombination is observed in two-neutrino double electron capture decays of $^{124}$Xe, representing a noteworthy new background. After removal of artificial signal-like events injected into the data set to mitigate analyzer bias, we find no evidence for an excess over expected backgrounds. World-leading constraints are placed on spin-independent (SI) and spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon cross sections for masses $\geq$9 GeV/$c^2$. The strongest SI exclusion set is $2.1\times10^{-48}$ cm$^{2}$ at the 90% confidence level at a mass of 36 GeV/$c^2$, and the best SI median sensitivity achieved is $5.0\times10^{-48}$ cm$^{2}$ for a mass of 40 GeV/$c^2$., Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures. See https://www.hepdata.net/record/155182 for a data release related to this paper
Published: 2024

27. Search for gravitational waves emitted from SN 2023ixf

Author: The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, the KAGRA Collaboration, Abac, A. G., Abbott, R., Abouelfettouh, I., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adhicary, S., Adhikari, N., Adhikari, R. X., Adkins, V. K., Agarwal, D., Agathos, M., Abchouyeh, M. Aghaei, Aguiar, O. D., Aguilar, I., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Akutsu, T., Albanesi, S., Alfaidi, R. A., Al-Jodah, A., Alléné, C., Allocca, A., Al-Shammari, S., Altin, P. A., Alvarez-Lopez, S., Amato, A., Amez-Droz, L., Amorosi, A., Amra, C., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Andia, M., Ando, M., Andrade, T., Andres, N., Andrés-Carcasona, M., Andrić, T., Anglin, J., Ansoldi, S., Antelis, J. M., Antier, S., Aoumi, M., Appavuravther, E. Z., Appert, S., Apple, S. K., Arai, K., Araya, A., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Argianas, L., Aritomi, N., Armato, F., Arnaud, N., Arogeti, M., Aronson, S. M., Ashton, G., Aso, Y., Assiduo, M., Melo, S. Assis de Souza, Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Attadio, F., Aubin, F., AultONeal, K., Avallone, G., Babak, S., Badaracco, F., Badger, C., Bae, S., Bagnasco, S., Bagui, E., Baier, J. G., Baiotti, L., Bajpai, R., Baka, T., Ball, M., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Banagiri, S., Banerjee, B., Bankar, D., Baral, P., Barayoga, J. C., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barneo, P., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartoletti, A. M., Barton, M. A., Bartos, I., Basak, S., Basalaev, A., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Bates, D. E., Bawaj, M., Baxi, P., Bayley, J. C., Baylor, A. C., Baynard II, P. A., Bazzan, M., Bedakihale, V. M., Beirnaert, F., Bejger, M., Belardinelli, D., Bell, A. S., Benedetto, V., Benoit, W., Bentley, J. D., Yaala, M. Ben, Bera, S., Berbel, M., Bergamin, F., Berger, B. K., Bernuzzi, S., Beroiz, M., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Beveridge, D., Bevins, N., Bhandare, R., Bhardwaj, U., Bhatt, R., Bhattacharjee, D., Bhaumik, S., Bhowmick, S., Bianchi, A., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Binetti, A., Bini, S., Birnholtz, O., Biscoveanu, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Bizouard, M. -A., Blackburn, J. K., Blagg, L. A., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Bobba, F., Bode, N., Boileau, G., Boldrini, M., Bolingbroke, G. N., Bolliand, A., Bonavena, L. D., Bondarescu, R., Bondu, F., Bonilla, E., Bonilla, M. S., Bonino, A., Bonnand, R., Booker, P., Borchers, A., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bossilkov, V., Boudart, V., Boudon, A., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Braglia, M., Branch, A., Branchesi, M., Brandt, J., Braun, I., Breschi, M., Briant, T., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brockill, P., Brockmueller, E., Brooks, A. F., Brown, B. C., Brown, D. D., Brozzetti, M. L., Brunett, S., Bruno, G., Bruntz, R., Bryant, J., Bucci, F., Buchanan, J., Bulashenko, O., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Burtnyk, K., Buscicchio, R., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Davies, G. S. Cabourn, Cabras, G., Cabrita, R., Cáceres-Barbosa, V., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. Calderón, Callister, T. A., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Canepa, M., Santoro, G. Caneva, Cannon, K. C., Cao, H., Capistran, L. A., Capocasa, E., Capote, E., Carapella, G., Carbognani, F., Carlassara, M., Carlin, J. B., Carpinelli, M., Carrillo, G., Carter, J. J., Carullo, G., Diaz, J. Casanueva, Casentini, C., Castro-Lucas, S. Y., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cerdá-Durán, P., Cesarini, E., Chaibi, W., Chakraborty, P., Subrahmanya, S. Chalathadka, Chan, J. C. L., Chan, M., Chandra, K., Chang, R. -J., Chao, S., Charlton, E. L., Charlton, P., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chatterjee, C., Chatterjee, Debarati, Chatterjee, Deep, Chaturvedi, M., Chaty, S., Chen, A., Chen, A. H. -Y., Chen, D., Chen, H., Chen, H. Y., Chen, J., Chen, K. H., Chen, Y., Chen, Yanbei, Chen, Yitian, Cheng, H. P., Chessa, P., Cheung, H. T., Cheung, S. Y., Chiadini, F., Chiarini, G., Chierici, R., Chincarini, A., Chiofalo, M. L., Chiummo, A., Chou, C., Choudhary, S., Christensen, N., Chua, S. S. Y., Chugh, P., Ciani, G., Ciecielag, P., Cieślar, M., Cifaldi, M., Ciolfi, R., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Clarke, J., Clarke, T. A., Clearwater, P., Clesse, S., Coccia, E., Codazzo, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Colace, S., Colleoni, M., Collette, C. G., Collins, J., Colloms, S., Colombo, A., Colpi, M., Compton, C. M., Connolly, G., Conti, L., Corbitt, T. R., Cordero-Carrión, I., Corezzi, S., Cornish, N. J., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Cottingham, R., Coughlin, M. W., Couineaux, A., Coulon, J. -P., Countryman, S. T., Coupechoux, J. -F., Couvares, P., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, R., Craig, K., Creed, R., Creighton, J. D. E., Creighton, T. D., Cremonese, P., Criswell, A. W., Crockett-Gray, J. C. G., Crook, S., Crouch, R., Csizmazia, J., Cudell, J. R., Cullen, T. J., Cumming, A., Cuoco, E., Cusinato, M., Dabadie, P., Canton, T. Dal, Dall'Osso, S., Pra, S. Dal, Dálya, G., D'Angelo, B., Danilishin, S., D'Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Darroch, K. E., Dartez, L. P., Dasgupta, A., Datta, S., Dattilo, V., Daumas, A., Davari, N., Dave, I., Davenport, A., Davier, M., Davies, T. F., Davis, D., Davis, L., Davis, M. C., Davis, P. J., Dax, M., De Bolle, J., Deenadayalan, M., Degallaix, J., De Laurentis, M., Deléglise, S., De Lillo, F., Dell'Aquila, D., Del Pozzo, W., De Marco, F., De Matteis, F., D'Emilio, V., Demos, N., Dent, T., Depasse, A., DePergola, N., De Pietri, R., De Rosa, R., De Rossi, C., DeSalvo, R., De Simone, R., Dhani, A., Diab, R., Díaz, M. C., Di Cesare, M., Dideron, G., Didio, N. A., Dietrich, T., Di Fiore, L., Di Fronzo, C., Di Giovanni, M., Di Girolamo, T., Diksha, D., Di Michele, A., Ding, J., Di Pace, S., Di Palma, I., Di Renzo, F., Divyajyoti, Dmitriev, A., Doctor, Z., Dohmen, E., Doleva, P. P., Dominguez, D., D'Onofrio, L., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Dooney, T., Doravari, S., Dorosh, O., Drago, M., Driggers, J. C., Ducoin, J. -G., Dunn, L., Dupletsa, U., D'Urso, D., Duval, H., Duverne, P. -A., Dwyer, S. E., Eassa, C., Ebersold, M., Eckhardt, T., Eddolls, G., Edelman, B., Edo, T. B., Edy, O., Effler, A., Eichholz, J., Einsle, H., Eisenmann, M., Eisenstein, R. A., Ejlli, A., Eleveld, R. M., Emma, M., Endo, K., Engl, A. J., Enloe, E., Errico, L., Essick, R. C., Estellés, H., Estevez, D., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evstafyeva, T., Ewing, B. E., Ezquiaga, J. M., Fabrizi, F., Faedi, F., Fafone, V., Fairhurst, S., Farah, A. M., Farr, B., Farr, W. M., Favaro, G., Favata, M., Fays, M., Fazio, M., Feicht, J., Fejer, M. M., Felicetti, R., Fenyvesi, E., Ferguson, D. L., Ferraiuolo, S., Ferrante, I., Ferreira, T. A., Fidecaro, F., Figura, P., Fiori, A., Fiori, I., Fishbach, M., Fisher, R. P., Fittipaldi, R., Fiumara, V., Flaminio, R., Fleischer, S. M., Fleming, L. S., Floden, E., Foley, E. M., Fong, H., Font, J. A., Fornal, B., Forsyth, P. W. F., Franceschetti, K., Franchini, N., Frasca, S., Frasconi, F., Mascioli, A. Frattale, Frei, Z., Freise, A., Freitas, O., Frey, R., Frischhertz, W., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fronzé, G. G., Fuentes-Garcia, M., Fujii, S., Fujimori, T., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Gadre, B., Gair, J. R., Galaudage, S., Galdi, V., Gallagher, H., Gallardo, S., Gallego, B., Gamba, R., Gamboa, A., Ganapathy, D., Ganguly, A., Garaventa, B., García-Bellido, J., Núñez, C. García, García-Quirós, C., Gardner, J. W., Gardner, K. A., Gargiulo, J., Garron, A., Garufi, F., Gasbarra, C., Gateley, B., Gayathri, V., Gemme, G., Gennai, A., Gennari, V., George, J., George, R., Gerberding, O., Gergely, L., Ghosh, Archisman, Ghosh, Sayantan, Ghosh, Shaon, Ghosh, Shrobana, Ghosh, Suprovo, Ghosh, Tathagata, Giacoppo, L., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Gibson, D. R., Gibson, D. T., Gier, C., Giri, P., Gissi, F., Gkaitatzis, S., Glanzer, J., Glotin, F., Godfrey, J., Godwin, P., Goebbels, N. L., Goetz, E., Golomb, J., Lopez, S. 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Y., Hui, V., Husa, S., Huxford, R., Huynh-Dinh, T., Iampieri, L., Iandolo, G. A., Ianni, M., Iess, A., Imafuku, H., Inayoshi, K., Inoue, Y., Iorio, G., Iqbal, M. H., Irwin, J., Ishikawa, R., Isi, M., Ismail, M. A., Itoh, Y., Iwanaga, H., Iwaya, M., Iyer, B. R., JaberianHamedan, V., Jacquet, C., Jacquet, P. -E., Jadhav, S. J., Jadhav, S. P., Jain, T., James, A. L., James, P. A., Jamshidi, R., Janquart, J., Janssens, K., Janthalur, N. N., Jaraba, S., Jaranowski, P., Jaume, R., Javed, W., Jennings, A., Jia, W., Jiang, J., Kubisz, J., Johanson, C., Johns, G. R., Johnson, N. A., Johnston, M. C., Johnston, R., Johny, N., Jones, D. H., Jones, D. I., Jones, R., Jose, S., Joshi, P., Ju, L., Jung, K., Junker, J., Juste, V., Kajita, T., Kaku, I., Kalaghatgi, C., Kalogera, V., Kamiizumi, M., Kanda, N., Kandhasamy, S., Kang, G., Kanner, J. B., Kapadia, S. J., Kapasi, D. P., Karat, S., Karathanasis, C., Kashyap, R., Kasprzack, M., Kastaun, W., Kato, T., Katsavounidis, E., Katzman, W., Kaushik, R., Kawabe, K., Kawamoto, R., Kazemi, A., Keitel, D., Kelley-Derzon, J., Kennington, J., Kesharwani, R., Key, J. S., Khadela, R., Khadka, S., Khalili, F. Y., Khan, F., Khan, I., Khanam, T., Khursheed, M., Khusid, N. M., Kiendrebeogo, W., Kijbunchoo, N., Kim, C., Kim, J. C., Kim, K., Kim, M. H., Kim, S., Kim, Y. -M., Kimball, C., Kinley-Hanlon, M., Kinnear, M., Kissel, J. S., Klimenko, S., Knee, A. M., Knust, N., Kobayashi, K., Obergaulinger, M., Koch, P., Koehlenbeck, S. M., Koekoek, G., Kohri, K., Kokeyama, K., Koley, S., Kolitsidou, P., Kolstein, M., Komori, K., Kong, A. K. H., Kontos, A., Korobko, M., Kossak, R. V., Kou, X., Koushik, A., Kouvatsos, N., Kovalam, M., Kozak, D. B., Kranzhoff, S. L., Kringel, V., Krishnendu, N. V., Królak, A., Kruska, K., Kuehn, G., Kuijer, P., Kulkarni, S., Ramamohan, A. Kulur, Kumar, A., Kumar, Praveen, Kumar, Prayush, Kumar, Rahul, Kumar, Rakesh, Kume, J., Kuns, K., Kuntimaddi, N., Kuroyanagi, S., Kurth, N. J., Kuwahara, S., Kwak, K., Kwan, K., Kwok, J., Lacaille, G., Lagabbe, P., Laghi, D., Lai, S., Laity, A. H., Lakkis, M. H., Lalande, E., Lalleman, M., Lalremruati, P. C., Landry, M., Lane, B. B., Lang, R. N., Lange, J., Lantz, B., La Rana, A., La Rosa, I., Lartaux-Vollard, A., Lasky, P. D., Lawrence, J., Lawrence, M. N., Laxen, M., Lazzarini, A., Lazzaro, C., Leaci, P., Lecoeuche, Y. K., Lee, H. M., Lee, H. W., Lee, K., Lee, R. -K., Lee, R., Lee, S., Lee, Y., Legred, I. N., Lehmann, J., Lehner, L., Jean, M. Le, Lemaître, A., Lenti, M., Leonardi, M., Lequime, M., Leroy, N., Lesovsky, M., Letendre, N., Lethuillier, M., Levin, S. E., Levin, Y., Leyde, K., Li, A. K. Y., Li, K. L., Li, T. G. F., Li, X., Li, Z., Lihos, A., Lin, C-Y., Lin, C. -Y., Lin, E. T., Lin, F., Lin, H., Lin, L. C. -C., Lin, Y. -C., Linde, F., Linker, S. D., Littenberg, T. 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Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We present the results of a search for gravitational-wave transients associated with core-collapse supernova SN 2023ixf, which was observed in the galaxy Messier 101 via optical emission on 2023 May 19th, during the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA 15th Engineering Run. We define a five-day on-source window during which an accompanying gravitational-wave signal may have occurred. No gravitational waves have been identified in data when at least two gravitational-wave observatories were operating, which covered $\sim 14\%$ of this five-day window. We report the search detection efficiency for various possible gravitational-wave emission models. Considering the distance to M101 (6.7 Mpc), we derive constraints on the gravitational-wave emission mechanism of core-collapse supernovae across a broad frequency spectrum, ranging from 50 Hz to 2 kHz where we assume the GW emission occurred when coincident data are available in the on-source window. Considering an ellipsoid model for a rotating proto-neutron star, our search is sensitive to gravitational-wave energy $1 \times 10^{-5} M_{\odot} c^2$ and luminosity $4 \times 10^{-5} M_{\odot} c^2/\text{s}$ for a source emitting at 50 Hz. These constraints are around an order of magnitude more stringent than those obtained so far with gravitational-wave data. The constraint on the ellipticity of the proto-neutron star that is formed is as low as $1.04$, at frequencies above $1200$ Hz, surpassing results from SN 2019ejj., Comment: Main paper: 6 pages, 4 figures and 1 table. Total with appendices: 20 pages, 4 figures, and 1 table
Published: 2024

28. Standardizing Generative Face Video Compression using Supplemental Enhancement Information

Author: Chen, Bolin, Ye, Yan, Chen, Jie, Liao, Ru-Ling, Yin, Shanzhi, Wang, Shiqi, Yang, Kaifa, Li, Yue, Xu, Yiling, Wang, Ye-Kui, Gehlot, Shiv, Su, Guan-Ming, Yin, Peng, McCarthy, Sean, and Sullivan, Gary J.
Subjects: Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract: This paper proposes a Generative Face Video Compression (GFVC) approach using Supplemental Enhancement Information (SEI), where a series of compact spatial and temporal representations of a face video signal (i.e., 2D/3D key-points, facial semantics and compact features) can be coded using SEI message and inserted into the coded video bitstream. At the time of writing, the proposed GFVC approach using SEI messages has been adopted into the official working draft of Versatile Supplemental Enhancement Information (VSEI) standard by the Joint Video Experts Team (JVET) of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 and ITU-T SG16, which will be standardized as a new version for "ITU-T H.274 | ISO/IEC 23002-7". To the best of the authors' knowledge, the JVET work on the proposed SEI-based GFVC approach is the first standardization activity for generative video compression. The proposed SEI approach has not only advanced the reconstruction quality of early-day Model-Based Coding (MBC) via the state-of-the-art generative technique, but also established a new SEI definition for future GFVC applications and deployment. Experimental results illustrate that the proposed SEI-based GFVC approach can achieve remarkable rate-distortion performance compared with the latest Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard, whilst also potentially enabling a wide variety of functionalities including user-specified animation/filtering and metaverse-related applications.
Published: 2024

29. A search using GEO600 for gravitational waves coincident with fast radio bursts from SGR 1935+2154

Author: The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, the KAGRA Collaboration, Abac, A. G., Abbott, R., Abouelfettouh, I., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adhicary, S., Adhikari, N., Adhikari, R. X., Adkins, V. K., Agarwal, D., Agathos, M., Abchouyeh, M. Aghaei, Aguiar, O. D., Aguilar, I., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Akutsu, T., Albanesi, S., Alfaidi, R. A., Al-Jodah, A., Alléné, C., Allocca, A., Al-Shammari, S., Altin, P. A., Alvarez-Lopez, S., Amato, A., Amez-Droz, L., Amorosi, A., Amra, C., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Andia, M., Ando, M., Andrade, T., Andres, N., Andrés-Carcasona, M., Andrić, T., Anglin, J., Ansoldi, S., Antelis, J. M., Antier, S., Aoumi, M., Appavuravther, E. Z., Appert, S., Apple, S. K., Arai, K., Araya, A., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Argianas, L., Aritomi, N., Armato, F., Arnaud, N., Arogeti, M., Aronson, S. M., Ashton, G., Aso, Y., Assiduo, M., Melo, S. Assis de Souza, Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Attadio, F., Aubin, F., AultONeal, K., Avallone, G., Azrad, D., Babak, S., Badaracco, F., Badger, C., Bae, S., Bagnasco, S., Bagui, E., Baier, J. G., Baiotti, L., Bajpai, R., Baka, T., Ball, M., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Banagiri, S., Banerjee, B., Bankar, D., Baral, P., Barayoga, J. C., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barneo, P., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartoletti, A. M., Barton, M. A., Bartos, I., Basak, S., Basalaev, A., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Bates, D. E., Bawaj, M., Baxi, P., Bayley, J. C., Baylor, A. C., Baynard II, P. A., Bazzan, M., Bedakihale, V. M., Beirnaert, F., Bejger, M., Belardinelli, D., Bell, A. S., Benedetto, V., Benoit, W., Bentley, J. D., Yaala, M. Ben, Bera, S., Berbel, M., Bergamin, F., Berger, B. K., Bernuzzi, S., Beroiz, M., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Beveridge, D., Bevins, N., Bhandare, R., Bhardwaj, U., Bhatt, R., Bhattacharjee, D., Bhaumik, S., Bhowmick, S., Bianchi, A., Bilenko, I. 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Cabourn, Cabras, G., Cabrita, R., Cáceres-Barbosa, V., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. Calderón, Callister, T. A., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Canepa, M., Santoro, G. Caneva, Cannon, K. C., Cao, H., Capistran, L. A., Capocasa, E., Capote, E., Carapella, G., Carbognani, F., Carlassara, M., Carlin, J. B., Carpinelli, M., Carrillo, G., Carter, J. J., Carullo, G., Diaz, J. Casanueva, Casentini, C., Castro-Lucas, S. Y., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cerdá-Durán, P., Cesarini, E., Chaibi, W., Chakraborty, P., Subrahmanya, S. Chalathadka, Chan, J. C. L., Chan, M., Chandra, K., Chang, R. -J., Chao, S., Charlton, E. L., Charlton, P., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chatterjee, C., Chatterjee, Debarati, Chatterjee, Deep, Chaturvedi, M., Chaty, S., Chen, A., Chen, A. H. -Y., Chen, D., Chen, H., Chen, H. Y., Chen, J., Chen, K. H., Chen, Y., Chen, Yanbei, Chen, Yitian, Cheng, H. P., Chessa, P., Cheung, H. T., Cheung, S. 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K., Rinaldi, S., Rittmeyer, J., Robertson, C., Robinet, F., Robinson, M., Rocchi, A., Rolland, L., Rollins, J. G., Romano, A. E., Romano, R., Romero, A., Romero-Shaw, I. M., Romie, J. H., Ronchini, S., Roocke, T. J., Rosa, L., Rosauer, T. J., Rose, C. A., Rosińska, D., Ross, M. P., Rossello, M., Rowan, S., Roy, S. K., Roy, S., Rozza, D., Ruggi, P., Ruhama, N., Morales, E. Ruiz, Ruiz-Rocha, K., Sachdev, S., Sadecki, T., Sadiq, J., Saffarieh, P., Sah, M. R., Saha, S. S., Saha, S., Sainrat, T., Menon, S. Sajith, Sakai, K., Sakellariadou, M., Sakon, S., Salafia, O. S., Salces-Carcoba, F., Salconi, L., Saleem, M., Salemi, F., Sallé, M., Salvador, S., Sanchez, A., Sanchez, E. J., Sanchez, J. H., Sanchez, L. E., Sanchis-Gual, N., Sanders, J. R., Sänger, E. M., Santoliquido, F., Saravanan, T. R., Sarin, N., Sasaoka, S., Sasli, A., Sassi, P., Sassolas, B., Satari, H., Sato, R., Sato, Y., Sauter, O., Savage, R. L., Sawada, T., Sawant, H. L., Sayah, S., Scacco, V., Schaetzl, D., Scheel, M., Schiebelbein, A., Schiworski, M. G., Schmidt, P., Schmidt, S., Schnabel, R., Schneewind, M., Schofield, R. M. S., Schouteden, K., Schulte, B. W., Schutz, B. F., Schwartz, E., Scialpi, M., Scott, J., Scott, S. M., Seetharamu, T. C., Seglar-Arroyo, M., Sekiguchi, Y., Sellers, D., Sengupta, A. S., Sentenac, D., Seo, E. G., Seo, J. W., Sequino, V., Serra, M., Servignat, G., Sevrin, A., Shaffer, T., Shah, U. S., Shaikh, M. A., Shao, L., Sharma, A. K., Sharma, P., Sharma-Chaudhary, S., Shaw, M. R., Shawhan, P., Shcheblanov, N. S., Sheridan, E., Shikano, Y., Shikauchi, M., Shimode, K., Shinkai, H., Shiota, J., Shoemaker, D. H., Shoemaker, D. M., Short, R. W., ShyamSundar, S., Sider, A., Siegel, H., Sieniawska, M., Sigg, D., Silenzi, L., Simmonds, M., Singer, L. P., Singh, A., Singh, D., Singh, M. K., Singh, S., Singha, A., Sintes, A. M., Sipala, V., Skliris, V., Slagmolen, B. J. J., Slaven-Blair, T. J., Smetana, J., Smith, J. R., Smith, L., Smith, R. J. E., Smith, W. J., Soldateschi, J., Somiya, K., Song, I., Soni, K., Soni, S., Sordini, V., Sorrentino, F., Sorrentino, N., Sotani, H., Soulard, R., Southgate, A., Spagnuolo, V., Spencer, A. P., Spera, M., Spinicelli, P., Spoon, J. B., Sprague, C. A., Srivastava, A. K., Stachurski, F., Steer, D. A., Steinlechner, J., Steinlechner, S., Stergioulas, N., Stevens, P., StPierre, M., Stratta, G., Strong, M. D., Strunk, A., Sturani, R., Stuver, A. L., Suchenek, M., Sudhagar, S., Sueltmann, N., Suleiman, L., Sullivan, K. D., Sun, L., Sunil, S., Suresh, J., Sutton, P. J., Suzuki, T., Suzuki, Y., Swinkels, B. L., Syx, A., Szczepańczyk, M. J., Szewczyk, P., Tacca, M., Tagoshi, H., Tait, S. C., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, R., Takamori, A., Takase, T., Takatani, K., Takeda, H., Takeshita, K., Talbot, C., Tamaki, M., Tamanini, N., Tanabe, D., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, S. J., Tanaka, T., Tang, D., Tanioka, S., Tanner, D. B., Tao, L., Tapia, R. D., Martín, E. N. Tapia San, Tarafder, R., Taranto, C., Taruya, A., Tasson, J. D., Teloi, M., Tenorio, R., Themann, H., Theodoropoulos, A., Thirugnanasambandam, M. P., Thomas, L. M., Thomas, M., Thomas, P., Thompson, J. E., Thondapu, S. R., Thorne, K. A., Thrane, E., Tissino, J., Tiwari, A., Tiwari, P., Tiwari, S., Tiwari, V., Todd, M. R., Toivonen, A. M., Toland, K., Tolley, A. E., Tomaru, T., Tomita, K., Tomura, T., Tong-Yu, C., Toriyama, A., Toropov, N., Torres-Forné, A., Torrie, C. I., Toscani, M., Melo, I. Tosta e, Tournefier, E., Trapananti, A., Travasso, F., Traylor, G., Trevor, M., Tringali, M. C., Tripathee, A., Troian, G., Troiano, L., Trovato, A., Trozzo, L., Trudeau, R. J., Tsang, T. T. L., Tso, R., Tsuchida, S., Tsukada, L., Tsutsui, T., Turbang, K., Turconi, M., Turski, C., Ubach, H., Uchiyama, T., Udall, R. P., Uehara, T., Uematsu, M., Ueno, K., Ueno, S., Undheim, V., Ushiba, T., Vacatello, M., Vahlbruch, H., Vaidya, N., Vajente, G., Vajpeyi, A., Valdes, G., Valencia, J., Valentini, M., Vallejo-Peña, S. A., Vallero, S., Valsan, V., van Bakel, N., van Beuzekom, M., van Dael, M., Brand, J. F. J. van den, Broeck, C. Van Den, Vander-Hyde, D. C., van der Sluys, M., Van de Walle, A., van Dongen, J., Vandra, K., van Haevermaet, H., van Heijningen, J. V., Van Hove, P., VanKeuren, M., Vanosky, J., van Putten, M. H. P. M., van Ranst, Z., van Remortel, N., Vardaro, M., Vargas, A. F., Varghese, J. J., Varma, V., Vasúth, M., Vecchio, A., Vedovato, G., Veitch, J., Veitch, P. J., Venikoudis, S., Venneberg, J., Verdier, P., Verkindt, D., Verma, B., Verma, P., Verma, Y., Vermeulen, S. M., Vetrano, F., Veutro, A., Vibhute, A. M., Viceré, A., Vidyant, S., Viets, A. D., Vijaykumar, A., Vilkha, A., Villa-Ortega, V., Vincent, E. T., Vinet, J. -Y., Viret, S., Virtuoso, A., Vitale, S., Vives, A., Vocca, H., Voigt, D., von Reis, E. R. G., von Wrangel, J. S. A., Vyatchanin, S. P., Wade, L. E., Wade, M., Wagner, K. J., Wajid, A., Walker, M., Wallace, G. S., Wallace, L., Wang, H., Wang, J. Z., Wang, W. H., Wang, Z., Waratkar, G., Warner, J., Was, M., Washimi, T., Washington, N. Y., Watarai, D., Wayt, K. E., Weaver, B. R., Weaver, B., Weaving, C. R., Webster, S. A., Weinert, M., Weinstein, A. J., Weiss, R., Wellmann, F., Wen, L., Weßels, P., Wette, K., Whelan, J. T., Whiting, B. F., Whittle, C., Wildberger, J. B., Wilk, O. S., Wilken, D., Wilkin, A. T., Willadsen, D. J., Willetts, K., Williams, D., Williams, M. J., Williams, N. S., Willis, J. L., Willke, B., Wils, M., Winterflood, J., Wipf, C. C., Woan, G., Woehler, J., Wofford, J. K., Wolfe, N. E., Wong, H. T., Wong, H. W. Y., Wong, I. C. F., Wright, J. L., Wright, M., Wu, C., Wu, D. S., Wu, H., Wuchner, E., Wysocki, D. M., Xu, V. A., Xu, Y., Yadav, N., Yamamoto, H., Yamamoto, K., Yamamoto, T. S., Yamamoto, T., Yamamura, S., Yamazaki, R., Yan, S., Yan, T., Yang, F. W., Yang, F., Yang, K. Z., Yang, Y., Yarbrough, Z., Yasui, H., Yeh, S. -W., Yelikar, A. B., Yin, X., Yokoyama, J., Yokozawa, T., Yoo, J., Yu, H., Yuan, S., Yuzurihara, H., Zadrożny, A., Zanolin, M., Zeeshan, M., Zelenova, T., Zendri, J. -P., Zeoli, M., Zerrad, M., Zevin, M., Zhang, A. C., Zhang, L., Zhang, R., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., Zhao, C., Zhao, Yue, Zhao, Yuhang, Zheng, Y., Zhong, H., Zhou, R., Zhu, X. -J., Zhu, Z. -H., Zucker, M. E., and Zweizig, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The magnetar SGR 1935+2154 is the only known Galactic source of fast radio bursts (FRBs). FRBs from SGR 1935+2154 were first detected by CHIME/FRB and STARE2 in 2020 April, after the conclusion of the LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA Collaborations' O3 observing run. Here we analyze four periods of gravitational wave (GW) data from the GEO600 detector coincident with four periods of FRB activity detected by CHIME/FRB, as well as X-ray glitches and X-ray bursts detected by NICER and NuSTAR close to the time of one of the FRBs. We do not detect any significant GW emission from any of the events. Instead, using a short-duration GW search (for bursts $\leq$ 1 s) we derive 50\% (90\%) upper limits of $10^{48}$ ($10^{49}$) erg for GWs at 300 Hz and $10^{49}$ ($10^{50}$) erg at 2 kHz, and constrain the GW-to-radio energy ratio to $\leq 10^{14} - 10^{16}$. We also derive upper limits from a long-duration search for bursts with durations between 1 and 10 s. These represent the strictest upper limits on concurrent GW emission from FRBs., Comment: 15 pages of text including references, 4 figures, 5 tables
Published: 2024

30. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Large-scale velocity reconstruction with the kinematic Sunyaev--Zel'dovich effect and DESI LRGs

Author: McCarthy, Fiona, Battaglia, Nicholas, Bean, Rachel, Bond, J. Richard, Cai, Hongbo, Calabrese, Erminia, Coulton, William R., Devlin, Mark J., Dunkley, Jo, Ferraro, Simone, Gluscevic, Vera, Guan, Yilun, Hill, J. Colin, Johnson, Matthew C., Kusiak, Aleksandra, Laguë, Alex, MacCrann, Niall, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Moodley, Kavilan, Naess, Sigurd, Qu, Frank J., Guachalla, Bernardita Ried, Sehgal, Neelima, Sherwin, Blake D., Sifón, Cristóbal, Smith, Kendrick M., Staggs, Suzanne T., van Engelen, Alexander, Vavagiakis, Eve M., and Wollack, Edward J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The kinematic Sunyaev--Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect induces a non-zero density-density-temperature bispectrum, which we can use to reconstruct the large-scale velocity field from a combination of cosmic microwave background (CMB) and galaxy density measurements, in a procedure known as ``kSZ velocity reconstruction''. This method has been forecast to constrain large-scale modes with future galaxy and CMB surveys, improving their measurement beyond what is possible with the galaxy surveys alone. Such measurements will enable tighter constraints on large-scale signals such as primordial non-Gaussianity, deviations from homogeneity, and modified gravity. In this work, we demonstrate a statistically significant measurement of kSZ velocity reconstruction for the first time, by applying quadratic estimators to the combination of the ACT DR6 CMB+kSZ map and the DESI LRG galaxies (with photometric redshifts) in order to reconstruct the velocity field. We do so using a formalism appropriate for the 2-dimensional projected galaxy fields that we use, which naturally incorporates the curved-sky effects important on the largest scales. We find evidence for the signal by cross-correlating with an external estimate of the velocity field from the spectroscopic BOSS survey and rejecting the null (no-kSZ) hypothesis at $3.8\sigma$. Our work presents a first step towards the use of this observable for cosmological analyses., Comment: 16 pages (main)+5 pages (Appendix); 13 figures (main) + 8 figures (appendix)
Published: 2024

31. Hidden in Plain Text: Emergence & Mitigation of Steganographic Collusion in LLMs

Author: Mathew, Yohan, Matthews, Ollie, McCarthy, Robert, Velja, Joan, de Witt, Christian Schroeder, Cope, Dylan, and Schoots, Nandi
Subjects: Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract: The rapid proliferation of frontier model agents promises significant societal advances but also raises concerns about systemic risks arising from unsafe interactions. Collusion to the disadvantage of others has been identified as a central form of undesirable agent cooperation. The use of information hiding (steganography) in agent communications could render collusion practically undetectable. This underscores the need for evaluation frameworks to monitor and mitigate steganographic collusion capabilities. We address a crucial gap in the literature by demonstrating, for the first time, that robust steganographic collusion in LLMs can arise indirectly from optimization pressure. To investigate this problem we design two approaches -- a gradient-based reinforcement learning (GBRL) method and an in-context reinforcement learning (ICRL) method -- for reliably eliciting sophisticated LLM-generated linguistic text steganography. Importantly, we find that emergent steganographic collusion can be robust to both passive steganalytic oversight of model outputs and active mitigation through communication paraphrasing. We contribute a novel model evaluation framework and discuss limitations and future work. Our findings imply that effective risk mitigation from steganographic collusion post-deployment requires innovation in passive and active oversight techniques.
Published: 2024

32. Detections of interstellar 2-cyanopyrene and 4-cyanopyrene in TMC-1

Author: Wenzel, Gabi, Speak, Thomas H., Changala, P. Bryan, Willis, Reace H. J., Burkhardt, Andrew M., Zhang, Shuo, Bergin, Edwin A., Byrne, Alex N., Charnley, Steven B., Fried, Zachary T. P., Gupta, Harshal, Herbst, Eric, Holdren, Martin S., Lipnicky, Andrew, Loomis, Ryan A., Shingledecker, Christopher N., Xue, Ci, Remijan, Anthony J., Wendlandt, Alison E., McCarthy, Michael C., Cooke, Ilsa R., and McGuire, Brett A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the most ubiquitous compounds in the universe, accounting for up to ~25% of all interstellar carbon. Since most unsubstituted PAHs do not possess permanent dipole moments, they are invisible to radio astronomy. Constraining their abundances relies on the detection of polar chemical proxies, such as aromatic nitriles. We report the detection of 2- and 4-cyanopyrene, isomers of the recently detected 1-cyanopyrene. We find that these isomers are present in an abundance ratio of ~2:1:2, which mirrors the number of equivalent sites available for CN addition. We conclude that there is evidence that the cyanopyrene isomers formed by direct CN addition to pyrene under kinetic control in hydrogen-rich gas at 10 K and discuss constraints on the H/CN ratio for PAHs in TMC-1., Comment: Submitted version to comply with licensing agreements
Published: 2024

33. Discovery of interstellar 1-cyanopyrene: a four-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in TMC-1

Author: Wenzel, Gabi, Cooke, Ilsa R., Changala, P. Bryan, Bergin, Edwin A., Zhang, Shuo, Burkhardt, Andrew M., Byrne, Alex N., Charnley, Steven B., Cordiner, Martin A., Duffy, Miya, Fried, Zachary T. P., Gupta, Harshal, Holdren, Martin S., Lipnicky, Andrew, Loomis, Ryan A., Shay, Hannah Toru, Shingledecker, Christopher N., Siebert, Mark A., Stewart, D. Archie, Willis, Reace H. J., Xue, Ci, Remijan, Anthony J., Wendlandt, Alison E., McCarthy, Michael C., and McGuire, Brett A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are expected to be the most abundant class of organic molecules in space. Their interstellar lifecycle is not well understood, and progress is hampered by difficulties detecting individual PAH molecules. Here, we present the discovery of CN-functionalized pyrene, a 4-ring PAH, in the dense cloud TMC-1 using the 100-m Green Bank Telescope. We derive an abundance of 1-cyanopyrene of ~1.52 x $10^{12}$ cm$^{-2}$, and from this estimate that the un-substituted pyrene accounts for up to ~0.03-0.3% of the carbon budget in the dense interstellar medium which trace the birth sites of stars and planets. The presence of pyrene in this cold (~10 K) molecular cloud agrees with its recent measurement in asteroid Ryugu where isotopic clumping suggest a cold, interstellar origin. The direct link to the birth site of our solar system is strengthened when we consider the solid state pyrene content in the pre-stellar materials compared to comets, which represent the most pristine material in the solar system. We estimate that solid state pyrene can account for 1% of the carbon within comets carried by this one single organic molecule. The abundance indicates pyrene is an "island of stability" in interstellar PAH chemistry and suggests a potential cold molecular cloud origin of the carbon carried by PAHs that is supplied to forming planetary systems, including habitable worlds such as our own., Comment: Version of manuscript revised to comply with licensing requirements
Published: 2024

34. Cosmology on point: modelling spectroscopic tracer one-point statistics

Author: Gould, Beth McCarthy, Castiblanco, Lina, Uhlemann, Cora, and Friedrich, Oliver
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The 1-point matter density probability distribution function (PDF) captures some of the non-Gaussian information lost in standard 2-point statistics. The matter PDF can be well predicted at mildly non-linear scales using large deviations theory. This work extends those predictions to biased tracers like dark matter halos and the galaxies they host. We model the conditional PDF of tracer counts given matter density using a tracer bias and stochasticity model previously used for photometric data. We find accurate parametrisations for tracer bias with a smoothing scale-independent 2-parameter Gaussian Lagrangian bias model and a quadratic shot noise. We relate those bias and stochasticity parameters to the one for the power spectrum and tracer-matter covariances. We validate the model against the Quijote suite of N-body simulations and find excellent agreement for both halo and galaxy density PDFs and their cosmology dependence. We demonstrate the constraining power of the tracer PDFs and their complementarity to power spectra through a Fisher forecast. We focus on the cosmological parameters $\sigma_8$ and $\Omega_m$ as well as linear bias parameters, finding that the strength of the tracer PDF lies in disentangling tracer bias from cosmology. Our results show promise for applications to spectroscopic clustering data when augmented with a redshift space distortion model, Comment: Accepted in the Open Journal of Astrophysics. 26 pages, 26 figures
Published: 2024
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35. High Spectral Resolution Observations of Propynal (HCCCHO) towards TMC-1 from the GOTHAM Large Program on the Green Bank Telescope

Author: Remijan, Anthony J., Fried, Zachary T. P., Cooke, Ilsa R., Wenzel, Gabi, Loomis, Ryan, Shingledecker, Christopher N., Lipnicky, Andrew, Xue, Ci, McCarthy, Michael C., and McGuire, Brett A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, A.1
Abstract: We used new high spectral resolution observations of propynal (HCCCHO) towards TMC-1 and in the laboratory to update the spectral line catalog available for transitions of HCCCHO - specifically at frequencies lower than 30 GHz which were previously discrepant in a publicly available catalog. The observed astronomical frequencies provided high enough spectral resolution that, when combined with high-resolution (~2 kHz) measurements taken in the laboratory, a new, consistent fit to both the laboratory and astronomical data was achieved. Now with a nearly exact (<1 kHz) frequency match to the J=2-1 and 3-2 transitions in the astronomical data, using a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis, a best fit to the total HCCCHO column density of 7.28+4.08/-1.94 x 10^12 cm^-2 was found with a surprisingly low excitation temperature of just over 3 K. This column density is around a factor of 5 times larger than reported in previous studies. Finally, this work highlights that care is needed when using publicly available spectral catalogs to characterize astronomical spectra. The availability of these catalogs is essential to the success of modern astronomical facilities and will only become more important as the next generation of facilities come online., Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, 5 Tables, 1 Appendix
Published: 2024

36. Crossing the disciplines -- a starter toolkit for researchers who wish to explore early Irish literature

Author: McCarthy, M. and Curley, D. P.
Subjects: Physics - Physics and Society
Abstract: The inspiration behind this paper came from both authors' long-term collaboration with our friend and colleague, Professor Ralph Kenna. This connection emerged initially through his interest in Rathcroghan and in our paper, `Exploring the Nature of the Fr\'aoch Saga', which we concluded with the statement that we believed it `presents a case that will hopefully ignite conversation between disciplines'. This led us to consider the potential value for researchers of compiling a template list of useful and reliable sources and resources to consult, in other words a type of starter toolkit or guide for any individual from an alternative discipline or background, who might possess, or, in time, develop a personal or professional interest in Early Ireland and Early Irish literature. In doing this, we decided for ease of illustration, to take the example of the location name Rathcroghan/Cruachan A\'i, (the prehistoric Royal Site of Connacht in the west of Ireland and the place that we both work in and interact with on a daily basis), as a case study in order to demonstrate an initial methodological approach to not only the types of resources and information available, but also to highlight some potential pitfalls that may arise in the course of an investigation., Comment: 9 pages
Published: 2024
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37. Constraints on axions from patchy screening of the cosmic microwave background

Author: Goldstein, Samuel, McCarthy, Fiona, Mondino, Cristina, Hill, J. Colin, Huang, Junwu, and Johnson, Matthew C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: The resonant conversion of cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons into axions within large-scale structure induces an anisotropic spectral distortion in CMB temperature maps. Applying state-of-the-art foreground cleaning techniques to $\textit{Planck}$ CMB observations, we construct maps of axion-induced "patchy screening" of the CMB. We cross-correlate these maps with data from the $\textit{unWISE}$ galaxy survey and find no evidence of axions. We constrain the axion-photon coupling, $g_{a\gamma\gamma} \lesssim 2 \times 10^{-12}~{\rm GeV}^{-1}$, at the 95% confidence level for axion masses in the range $10^{-13}~{\rm eV} \lesssim m_a \lesssim 10^{-12}~{\rm eV}$. These constraints are competitive with the tightest astrophysical axion limits in this mass range and are inferred from robust population-level statistics, which makes them complementary to existing searches that rely on modeling of individual systems., Comment: 5+15 pages; 3+15 figures
Published: 2024

38. Implications of feedback solutions to the $S_8$ tension for the baryon fractions of galaxy groups and clusters

Author: Salcido, Jaime and McCarthy, Ian G.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Recent large-scale structure (LSS) surveys have revealed a persistent tension in the value of $S_8$ compared to predictions from the standard cosmological model. This tension may suggest the need for new physics beyond the standard model, but an accurate characterisation of baryonic effects is essential to avoid biases. Although some studies indicate that baryonic effects are too small to resolve this tension, others propose that more aggressive feedback mechanisms could reconcile differences between cosmic microwave background (CMB) measurements and low-redshift LSS observations. In this paper, we investigate the role of baryonic effects in alleviating the $S_8$ tension. We extend the SP(k) model (Salcido et al. 2023), which was trained on hundreds of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations to map the suppression of the matter power spectrum to the baryon fraction in groups and clusters, to predict the required baryon fraction for a given $P(k)$ suppression. We then compare predictions from recent cosmic shear (weak lensing) analyses with the latest baryon budget measurements from X-ray and weak gravitational lensing studies. Our findings show that studies marginalising over baryonic effects while fixing cosmological parameters to a Planck-like cosmology predict strong $P(k)$ suppression and baryon fractions that are much lower than existing low-redshift baryon budget estimates of galaxy groups and clusters. Conversely, most studies that marginalise over both cosmological parameters and baryonic effects imply baryon fractions that are consistent with observations but lower values of $S_8$ than inferred from the CMB. Unless the observed baryon fractions are biased high by a factor of several, these results suggest that a mechanism beyond baryonic physics alone is required to modify or slow down the growth of structure in the universe in order to resolve the $S_8$ tension., Comment: Submitted to MNRAS. 12 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2024

39. LIGO Detector Characterization in the first half of the fourth Observing run

Author: Soni, S., Berger, B. K., Davis, D., Renzo, F. Di., Effler, A., Ferreira, T. A., Glanzer, J., Goetz, E., González, G., Helmling-Cornell, A., Hughey, B., Huxford, R., Mannix, B., Mo, G., Nandi, D., Neunzert, A., Nichols, S., Pham, K., Renzini, A. I., Schofield, R. M. S., Stuver, A, Trevor, M., Álvarez-López, S., Beda, R., Berry, C. P. L., Bhuiyan, S., Bruntz, R., Christensen, N., Blagg, L., Chan, M., Charlton, P., Connolly, G., Dhatri, R., Ding, J., Garg, V., Holley-Bockelmann, K., Hourihane, S., Jani, K., Janssens, K., Jarov, S., Knee, A. M., Lattal, A., Lecoeuche, Y., Littenberg, T., Liyanage, A., Lott, B., Macas, R., Malakar, D., McGowan, K., McIver, J., Millhouse, M., Nuttall, L., Nykamp, D., Ota, I., Rawcliffe, C., Scully, B., Tasson, J., Tejera, A., Thiele, S., Udall, R., Winborn, C., Yarbrough, Z., Zhang, Z., Abbott, R., Abouelfettouh, I., Adhikari, R. X., Ananyeva, A., Appert, S., Arai, K., Aritomi, N., Aston, S. M., Ball, M., Ballmer, S. W., Barker, D., Barsotti, L., Betzwieser, J., Billingsley, G., Biscans, S., Bode, N., Bonilla, E., Bossilkov, V., Branch, A., Brooks, A. F., Brown, D. D., Bryant, J., Cahillane, C., Cao, H., Capote, E., Clara, F., Collins, J., Compton, C. M., Cottingham, R., Coyne, D. C., Crouch, R., Csizmazia, J., Cullen, T. J., Dartez, L. P., Demos, N., Dohmen, E., Driggers, J. C., Dwyer, S. E., Ejlli, A., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Feicht, J., Frey, R., Frischhertz, W., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Ganapathy, D., Gateley, B., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Goetz, R., Goodwin-Jones, A. W., Gras, S., Gray, C., Griffith, D., Grote, H., Guidry, T., Hall, E. D., Hanks, J., Hanson, J., Heintze, M. C., Holland, N. A., Hoyland, D., Huang, H. Y., Inoue, Y., James, A. L., Jennings, A., Jia, W., Karat, S., Karki, S., Kasprzack, M., Kawabe, K., Kijbunchoo, N., King, P. J., Kissel, J. S., Komori, K., Kontos, A., Kumar, Rahul, Kuns, K., Landry, M., Lantz, B., Laxen, M., Lee, K., Lesovsky, M., Llamas, F., Lormand, M., Loughlin, H. A., MacInnis, M., Makarem, C. N., Mansell, G. L., Martin, R. M., Mason, K., Matichard, F., Mavalvala, N., Maxwell, N., McCarrol, G., McCarthy, R., McClelland, D. E., McCormick, S., McCuller, L., McRae, T., Mera, F., Merilh, E. L., Meylahn, F., Mittleman, R., Moraru, D., Moreno, G., Mullavey, A., Nakano, M., Nelson, T. J. N., Notte, J., Oberling, J., O'Hanlon, T., Osthelder, C., Ottaway, D. J., Overmier, H., Parker, W., Pele, A., Pham, H., Pirello, M., Quetschke, V., Ramirez, K. E., Reyes, J., Richardson, J. W., Robinson, M., Rollins, J. G., Romel, C. L., Romie, J. H., Ross, M. P., Ryan, K., Sadecki, T., Sanchez, A., Sanchez, E. J., Sanchez, L. E., Savage, R. L., Schaetzl, D., Schiworski, M. G., Schnabel, R., Schwartz, E., Sellers, D., Shaffer, T., Short, R. W., Sigg, D., Slagmolen, B. J. J., Soike, C., Srivastava, V., Sun, L., Tanner, D. B., Thomas, M., Thomas, P., Thorne, K. A., Torrie, C. I., Traylor, G., Ubhi, A. S., Vajente, G., Vanosky, J., Vecchio, A., Veitch, P. J., Vibhute, A. M., von Reis, E. R. G., Warner, J., Weaver, B., Weiss, R., Whittle, C., Willke, B., Wipf, C. C., Xu, V. A., Yamamoto, H., Zhang, L., and Zucker, M. E.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: Progress in gravitational-wave astronomy depends upon having sensitive detectors with good data quality. Since the end of the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA third Observing run in March 2020, detector-characterization efforts have lead to increased sensitivity of the detectors, swifter validation of gravitational-wave candidates and improved tools used for data-quality products. In this article, we discuss these efforts in detail and their impact on our ability to detect and study gravitational-waves. These include the multiple instrumental investigations that led to reduction in transient noise, along with the work to improve software tools used to examine the detectors data-quality. We end with a brief discussion on the role and requirements of detector characterization as the sensitivity of our detectors further improves in the future Observing runs., Comment: 35 pages, 18 figures
Published: 2024

40. Snow leopard phylogeography and population structure supports two global populations with single refugial origin

Author: Cancellare, Imogene A., Weckworth, Byron, Caragiulo, Anthony, Pilgrim, Kristine L., McCarthy, Thomas M., Abdullaev, Alisher, Amato, George, Bian, Xiaoxing, Bykova, Elena, Dias-Freedman, Isabela, Gritsina, Mariya, Hennelly, Lauren M., Janjua, Safia, Johansson, Orjan, Kachel, Shannon, Karnaukhov, Alexander, Korablev, Miroslav, Kubanychbekov, Zairbek, Kulenbekov, Rahim, Liang, Xuchang, Lkhagvajav, Purevjav, Meyer, Tara K., Munkhtsog, Bariushaa, Munkhtsog, Bayaraa, Nawaz, Muhammad A., Ostrowski, Stephane, Paltsyn, Mikhail, Poyarkov, Andrey, Rabinowitz, Salisa, Rooney, Thomas, Rosen, Tatjana, Rozhnov, Viatcheslav V., Sacks, Benjamin N., Schwartz, Michael K., and McCarthy, Kyle P.
Published: 2024
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41. Voices from the Field: Current Trends and Challenges in Instructional Design and Learning Technology

Author: Online Learning Consortium (OLC), Nicole Weber, Katie Campbell, Hannah Bauer, and Corine McCarthy
Abstract: This qualitative study interviewed twelve (n=12) instructional design and learning technology leaders from the K12, higher education, nonprofit, and corporate sectors to identify trends and challenges that were impacting their work and the work of their teams. Results included technology trends (e.g., artificial intelligence, augmented and virtual reality), broader conceptual learning shifts (e.g., microlearning, deeper levels of engagement in learning experiences), and various challenges (e.g., balancing exploring emerging trends with increasing day-to-day work creating workload and burnout concerns, managing change through bureaucracy and resistance).
Published: 2024

42. What Are Employers Expecting from Instructional Design and Learning Technology Professionals across Sectors?

Author: Nicole L. Weber, Corine McCarthy, Katie Campbell, and Hannah Bauer
Abstract: As new technologies and learning practices emerge, the way instructional design and learning technology (IDLT) professionals conduct their work evolves. With this constant evolution comes a change in employer expectations of IDLT professionals. This convergent mixed methods study analyzed 130 IDLT-related position descriptions and interviewed 12 IDLT leaders from the K12, nonprofit, higher education, and corporate sectors to identify current expectations related to degree qualifications, knowledge, skills, and abilities expected from IDLT professionals. Results included a preference for a master's degree-level qualification, at times due to bureaucracy, and an interest in the combination of academic preparation with instructional design experience. Additionally, employers shared that they were interested in an advanced understanding and adaptable application of IDLT theories, models, and frameworks, as well as a need for nonspecific IDLT skills (e.g., communication and collaboration) and familiarity with IDLT-related technologies (e.g., learning management system and course authoring software). These results provide valuable insight for those looking to join IDLT field, current IDLT professionals interested in upskilling, and educational programs preparing future IDLT professionals for the workforce.
Published: 2024

43. Adult Readers Making Sense of Picture Stories: A Contrastive Case Study

Author: Joseph P. Magliano, Tabitha Stickel, Kathryn S. McCarthy, and Daphne Greenberg
Abstract: Visual media (pictures, photographs) are often used in adult literacy instruction, presumably because they are easy for adult literacy learners to process. However, relatively little research has been conducted on how adult literacy learners comprehend visual media, such as picture stories. Some have argued that picture stories could be used as a scaffold for training higher-level skills, such as inference strategies. Before such interventions can be developed, an understanding of how adult literacy learners process picture stories is warranted. The present study consisted of a contrastive case study in which adult literacy learners, less proficient college readers, and proficient college readers (three individuals per group) thought aloud while viewing picture stories. This comparison was chosen because less proficient and proficient college readers provide an aspirational comparison for many adult literacy learners who want to eventually pursue college. A qualitative analysis of participants' think-aloud protocols demonstrated that there were strengths and challenges for the adult literacy learners, less proficient college readers, and proficient college readers in comprehending the picture stories. All three groups of participants demonstrated that they were able to establish explanatory coherence, which involves inferring the meaning of story events. However, there were differences in the extent to which efforts to achieve coherence were directed at the context of individual pictures, the local story context, or global story context. These differences will be discussed in terms of exploring the merits of using visual media in adult literacy instruction. [This is the online first version of an article published in "Zeitschrift für Weiterbildungsforschung."]
Published: 2024
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44. Hardiness as a Resilience Factor for Adaptation in Families of Children with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: A Mixed Methods Study of Parents' Perspectives

Author: Maria Caples, Bridie McCarthy, and Eileen Savage
Abstract: 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is a rare multisystem genetic disorder with over 200 associated characteristics, occurring in various combinations and severity. Extensive biomedical research has been undertaken on 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, however, there is a dearth of research on families' experiences of managing a family member with this condition. The complex and at times serious phenotypical presentation of the syndrome can make the management of the condition difficult for families. The aim of this mixed method explanatory sequential study was to investigate family hardiness as a resilience factor for adaptation in families of children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome from parents' perspectives. We found that adaptation scores increased by 0.57 points (95% CI: 0.19-0.94) for every one-point increase in family hardiness score. Qualitative results indicated that acceptance of the child's diagnosis and support positively influenced hardiness whereas fears about the future and their experiences of loss negatively influenced hardiness.
Published: 2024
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45. Medical Students' Motivations for Participating in an Elective Focused on Social Inequalities and Health Disparities

Author: Shahna Arps, Krista McCarthy Noviski, Lauren Tucker, and Ameisha Tutwiler
Abstract: In this study, we examine students' reasons for pursuing elective training focused on medical racism and systemic health inequities at a midwestern medical school. Data collection included semi-structured interviews with students who participated in an optional course focused on these topics. We analyzed their motivations, goals, and interests using reflexive thematic analysis and created three themes based on students' responses. Theme (1) "pre-existing conditions" focuses on students' knowledge, beliefs, worldviews and experience prior to the class. Theme (2) "enacting change" examines their desires to become effective physicians and improve medicine overall. Theme (3) "creating community" considers their preferences for a supportive and connected learning and social environment. We discuss the findings within the context of adult learning theory and Self-Determination Theory. The research provides insight about the overt and underlying factors that drive medical students' participation in training focused on social inequality. We also share recommendations for curriculum development and future research based on the patterns we found in students' discussions of their needs and expectations.
Published: 2024
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46. Endogenous antigens shape the transcriptome and TCR repertoire in an autoimmune arthritis model.

Author: McCarthy, Elizabeth, Yu, Steven, Perlmutter, Noah, Nakao, Yuka, Naito, Ryota, Lin, Charles, Riekher, Vivienne, Derisi, Joseph, Ye, Chun, Weiss, Arthur, and Ashouri, Judith
Subjects: Autoimmune diseases, Autoimmunity, Immunology, T cell receptor, Tolerance, Animals, Mice, ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase, Transcriptome, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mutation, Missense, Arthritis, Experimental, Autoimmune Diseases, Signal Transduction
Abstract: The development of pathogenic autoreactive CD4+ T cells, particularly in the context of impaired signaling, remains poorly understood. Unraveling how defective signaling pathways contribute to their activation and persistence is crucial for identifying new therapeutic targets. We performed bulk and single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) and single-cell T cell receptor sequencing (scTCR-Seq) to profile a highly arthritogenic subset of naive CD4+ T cells from BALB/c-Zap70*W163C (SKG) mice, which develop CD4+ T cell-mediated autoimmune arthritis driven by a hypomorphic mutation in Zap70 - a key TCR signaling kinase. Despite impaired signaling, these cells exhibited heightened expression of T cell activation and cytokine signaling genes but diminished expression of a subset of tolerogenic markers (Izumo1r, Tnfrsf9, Cd5, S100a11) compared with WT cells. The arthritogenic cells showed an enrichment for TCR variable β (Vβ) chains targeting superantigens (Sags) from the endogenous mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) but exhibited diminished induction of tolerogenic markers following peripheral antigen encounter, contrasting with the robust induction of the negative regulators seen in WT cells. In arthritic joints, cells expressing Sag-reactive Vβs expanded alongside detectable MMTV proviruses. Antiretroviral treatment and Sag-reactive T cell depletion curtailed SKG arthritis, suggesting that endogenous retroviruses disrupted peripheral tolerance and promoted the activation and differentiation of autoreactive CD4+ T cells into pathogenic effector cells.
Published: 2024

47. Geranylgeranylated‐chlorophyll‐protein complexes in lhl3 mutant of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Author: Kodru, Sireesha, Nellaepalli, Sreedhar, Ozawa, Shin‐Ichiro, Satoh, Chihiro, Kuroda, Hiroshi, Tanaka, Ryouichi, Guan, Katharine, Kobayashi, Marilyn, Tran, Phoi, McCarthy, Sarah, Wakao, Setsuko, Niyogi, Krishna K, and Takahashi, Yuichiro
Subjects: Plant Biology, Biological Sciences, Affordable and Clean Energy, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes, Chlorophyll, Mutation, Photosystem II Protein Complex, Photosystem I Protein Complex, Chlorophyll A, Oxidoreductases, photosynthesis, photosystem, pale-green mutant, chlorophyll-protein complex, geranylgeranyl reductase, chlorophyll‐protein complex, pale‐green mutant, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Plant Biology & Botany, Biochemistry and cell biology, Plant biology
Abstract: Chlorophylls a and b (Chl a and b) are involved in light harvesting, photochemical reactions, and electron transfer reactions in plants and green algae. The core complexes of the photosystems (PSI and PSII) associate with Chl a, while the peripheral antenna complexes (LHCI and LHCII) bind Chls a and b. One of the final steps of Chl biosynthesis is the conversion of geranylgeranylated Chls (ChlsGG) to phytylated Chls by geranylgeranyl reductase (GGR). Here, we isolated and characterized a pale green mutant of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that was very photosensitive and was unable to grow photoautotrophically. This mutant has a 16-bp deletion in the LHL3 gene, which resulted in the loss of LHL3 and GGR and accumulated only ChlsGG. The lhl3 mutant cells grown in the dark accumulated PSII and PSI proteins at 25-50% of WT levels, lacked PSII activity, and retained a decreased PSI activity. The PSII and PSI proteins were depleted to trace amounts in the mutant cells grown in light. In contrast, the accumulation of LHCI and LHCII was unaffected except for LHCA3. Our results suggest that the replacement of Chls with ChlsGG strongly affects the structural and functional integrity of PSII and PSI complexes but their associating LHC complexes to a lesser extent. Affinity purification of HA-tagged LHL3 confirmed the formation of a stable LHL3-GGR complex, which is vital for GGR stability. The LHL3-GGR complex contained a small amount of PSI complex assembly factors, suggesting a putative coupling between Chl synthesis and PSI complex assembly.
Published: 2024

48. BiP/GRP78 is a pro-viral factor for diverse dsDNA viruses that promotes the survival and proliferation of cells upon KSHV infection.

Author: Najarro, Guillermo, Brackett, Kevin, Woosley, Hunter, Dorman, Leah, Turon-Lagot, Vincent, Khadka, Sudip, Faeldonea, Catya, Moreno, Osvaldo, Negron, Adriana, Love, Christina, Ward, Ryan, Langelier, Charles, McCarthy, Frank, Gonzalez, Carlos, Elias, Joshua, Gardner, Brooke, and Arias, Carolina
Abstract: The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)-resident HSP70 chaperone BiP (HSPA5) plays a crucial role in maintaining and restoring protein folding homeostasis in the ER. BiPs function is often dysregulated in cancer and virus-infected cells, conferring pro-oncogenic and pro-viral advantages. We explored BiPs functions during infection by the Kaposis sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), an oncogenic gamma-herpesvirus associated with cancers of immunocompromised patients. Our findings reveal that BiP protein levels are upregulated in infected epithelial cells during the lytic phase of KSHV infection. This upregulation occurs independently of the unfolded protein response (UPR), a major signaling pathway that regulates BiP availability. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of BiP halts KSHV viral replication and reduces the proliferation and survival of KSHV-infected cells. Notably, inhibition of BiP limits the spread of other alpha- and beta-herpesviruses and poxviruses with minimal toxicity for normal cells. Our work suggests that BiP is a potential target for developing broad-spectrum antiviral therapies against double-stranded DNA viruses and a promising candidate for therapeutic intervention in KSHV-related malignancies.
Published: 2024

49. Toward the Discovery of New Elements: Production of Livermorium (Z=116) with Ti50

Author: Gates, JM, Orford, R, Rudolph, D, Appleton, C, Barrios, BM, Benitez, JY, Bordeau, M, Botha, W, Campbell, CM, Chadderton, J, Chemey, AT, Clark, RM, Crawford, HL, Despotopulos, JD, Dorvaux, O, Esker, NE, Fallon, P, Folden, CM, Gall, BJP, Garcia, FH, Golubev, P, Gooding, JA, Grebo, M, Gregorich, KE, Guerrero, M, Henderson, RA, Herzberg, R-D, Hrabar, Y, King, TT, Covo, M Kireeff, Kirkland, AS, Krücken, R, Leistenschneider, E, Lykiardopoulou, EM, McCarthy, M, Mildon, JA, Müller-Gatermann, C, Phair, L, Pore, JL, Rice, E, Rykaczewski, KP, Sammis, BN, Sarmiento, LG, Seweryniak, D, Sharp, DK, Sinjari, A, Steinegger, P, Stoyer, MA, Szornel, JM, Thomas, K, Todd, DS, Vo, P, Watson, V, and Wooddy, PT
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, CSD-05-HEC-B, Mathematical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract: The ^{244}Pu(^{50}Ti,xn)^{294-x}Lv reaction was investigated at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's 88-Inch Cyclotron. The experiment was aimed at the production of a superheavy element with Z≥114 by irradiating an actinide target with a beam heavier than ^{48}Ca. Produced Lv ions were separated from the unwanted beam and nuclear reaction products using the Berkeley Gas-filled Separator and implanted into a newly commissioned focal-plane detector system. Two decay chains were observed and assigned to the decay of ^{290}Lv. The production cross section was measured to be σ_{prod}=0.44(_{-0.28}^{+0.58}) pb at a center-of-target center-of-mass energy of 220(3) MeV. This represents the first published measurement of the production of a superheavy element near the "island of stability," with a beam of ^{50}Ti and is an essential precursor in the pursuit of searching for new elements beyond Z=118.
Published: 2024

50. Reactive Passivation of Wide-Bandgap Organic-Inorganic Perovskites with Benzylamine.

Author: Zhou, Suer, Gallant, Benjamin, Zhang, Junxiang, Shi, Yangwei, Smith, Joel, Drysdale, James, Therdkatanyuphong, Pattarawadee, Taddei, Margherita, McCarthy, Declan, Barlow, Stephen, Kilbride, Rachel, Dasgupta, Akash, Marshall, Ashley, Wang, Jian, Kubicki, Dominik, Ginger, David, Marder, Seth, and Snaith, Henry
Abstract: While amines are widely used as additives in metal-halide perovskites, our understanding of the way amines in perovskite precursor solutions impact the resultant perovskite film is still limited. In this paper, we explore the multiple effects of benzylamine (BnAm), also referred to as phenylmethylamine, used to passivate both FA0.75Cs0.25Pb(I0.8Br0.2)3 and FA0.8Cs0.2PbI3 perovskite compositions. We show that, unlike benzylammonium (BnA+) halide salts, BnAm reacts rapidly with the formamidinium (FA+) cation, forming new chemical products in solution and these products passivate the perovskite crystal domains when processed into a thin film. In addition, when BnAm is used as a bulk additive, the average perovskite solar cell maximum power point tracked efficiency (for 30 s) increased to 19.3% compared to the control devices 16.8% for a 1.68 eV perovskite. Under combined full spectrum simulated sunlight and 65 °C temperature, the devices maintained a better T80 stability of close to 2500 h while the control devices have T80 stabilities of
Published: 2024

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