Search

Objectives: Although the presence of a chairside CAD/CAM system in the dental office saves time and cost, it deprives the dentist from the dental technologist' skills and experience. The dentist now has to gain and acquire knowledge and skills about how to finish, characterize, stain, and glaze ceramic restorations. The main objectives of this article is to teach novel and reproducible techniques for surface color, texture, glaze and polish for either the chairside or laboratory fabricated indirect ceramic restoration. Clinical Considerations: A protocol for intraoral characterization of monolithic ceramics; the "Triple R" protocol for tooth color mimicking was followed. It consist of three steps: (1) "Recognize" tooth color shapes, (2) "Record" the present color shapes in the patient dentition by drawing a color map for the color shapes extension and determine which luster paste stain to be used for replicating them, and (3) "Replicate" intraorally the recorded color shapes guided by the adjacent natural teeth using low fusing ceramic pastes (shades and stains) for color shape replication. Also, the final touch technique was followed to shape, texture and final surface finish of dental restorations. It is composed of 5 basic levels which we call dental "micro‐esthetics that define shape, texture, and surface luster. Conclusions: Following the steps of both; the "Triple R" protocol and the "FINAL TOUCH" technique will help to reproduce the final shade of the restoration to create the illusion of a natural tooth to the observer. Clinical Significance: This article shows how combining two practical methodologies to record and replicate both color shapes and surface texture of natural teeth may extend mimicking, that is, step by step natural tooth shade beyond the limitations of the available commercial shade guides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the material properties of the new zirconia core systems, dental esthetic optimization of core design and use of core bonding agents, and the material properties and specialized esthetic veneering technique of a new porcelain specifically designed for solid-sintered zirconia frameworks. It is noted that computer-aided design/manufacturing (CAD/CAM)-generated zirconia crowns and fixed partial dentures (FPDs) offer an alternative to conventional porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) restorations, as the physical properties are exponentially improved over previous materials. In this article, the skeleton buildup technique was reviewed and adapted for use with the VM9 material for zirconian frameworks.

The article discusses a study which investigated material testing and layering techniques of a new two-phase all-glass veneering porcelain for bonded porcelain and high-alumina frameworks. Among the problems with veneering porcelains are poor color stability, abrasiveness, and devitrification. Information is presented on the problems over the use of porcelains as well as the factors considered in testing abrasiveness and flexural strength. The article also describes a simplified porcelain building technique called the skeleton buildup technique.

The article presents information on clinical and laboratory guidelines for using glass-infiltrated zirconia/alumina-based ceramic for crowns and fixed partial dentures. It explores the physical properties of zirconia core material. It also discusses the laboratory procedures for conventional In-Ceram technique. Information is also given on the concept of zirconia custom implant abutments. It details the guidelines for In-Ceram Zirconia crown and abutment preparations. It describes the framework design for In-Ceram Zirconia fixed partial dentures and crowns.

The article describes the use of the 3-D-Master system from Vita Zahnfabrik in determining the control of shade and shape of porcelain dental restorations from shade taking. The authors proposes a technique for building porcelain called the Skeleton Buildup Technique, to create materials and techniques and assist dentists and ceramists in the restoration process. A provisional restoration is employed by the dentist to reconcile patient's perceptions with that of the former regarding appropriate shade. In this technique, dentin layers or skeletons and surface enamel layer or skin are used.

The article presents information related to a technique for fabrication of In-Ceram copings with copy-milling technology. As reported, with this dental technology, commercially prepared alumina blanks can be used. The prospect of utilization of materials not previously possible with conventional crown-fabrication techniques are offered by the new milling machines. Also, ceramic materials with physical properties that are better than those of previous all-ceramic materials are being developed with the introduction of milling capabilities to dentistry. It is also reported that fabrication of ceramic blocks at the factory can limit the size and number of flaws contained within the blocks.

The article describes how copy-milling technology is used in the fabrication of ceramic restorations. It is said that adhesive luting techniques aim to conserve tooth structure through the use of composite resin bond to strengthen the remaining tooth structure. In addition, the use of bonded ceramic restorations has become popular because they reduce the risk of microleakage and recurrent caries. The Celay micromilling technology system could produce ceramic restorations that have improved physical properties and reduced wear of antagonist tooth structure.

This article reviews the critical aspects of controlling the shade-taking environment and discusses various modalities introduced throughout the years to acquire and communicate shade information. Demonstrating a highly calibrated digital photographic technique for capturing shade information, this article shows how to use Photoshop® to standardize images and extract color information from the tooth and shade tab for use by a ceramist for an accurate shade-matching restoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The indications for and composition of today's dental ceramic materials serve as the basis for determining the appropriate class of ceramics to use for a given case. By understanding the classifications, composition, and characteristics of the latest all-ceramic materials, which are presented in this article in order of most to least conservative, dentists and laboratory technicians can best determine the ideal material for a particular treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porcelain veneers have long been a popular restorative option that have evolved into a well-accepted treatment that can be fabricated in various ways. Onlays are another common treatment modality used in contemporary dentistry to restore large areas of decay and to replace old restorations. With the availability of newer high-strength materials such as lithium disilicate and processing technologies like CAD/CAM and heat pressing, dental professionals are now able to produce highly esthetic, high-strength restorations that blend seamlessly with the natural dentition while also withstanding posterior occlusal forces. This has resulted in innovative methods of providing minimally invasive dentistry. One such approach is a combination restoration the authors call a "vonlay," which, as demonstrated in this case report, can be used as an alternative to coverage crowns to restore damaged posterior teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the popularity of cement-retained implant prosthetics grows, so, too, does the need for retreatment. The predictable removal of cement-retained implant crowns has often proven difficult due to a multitude of variables, including locating the access and stripped screws. The techniques discussed in this article address these issues, thus simplifying the retreatment process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the economy has receded in recent years, many patients have been inclined to reject dental treatment beyond what they feel is the minimal amount necessary. Increasingly, there has been reluctance to take on the expense of full-mouth restorations and time-consuming procedures. Consequently, clinicians can benefit from innovative, conservative, interim solutions that enable them to provide segment treatment with long-term stability and esthetics, with lower initial cost. The bonded functional esthetic prototype (BFEP) allows fabrication of up to 14 teeth from composite in 1 hour, providing either a pre-treatment restoration or a long-term provisional solution until further treatment can be completed. As demonstrated herein, the BFEP enables superb function, stability, and esthetics in the interim while dispersing the cost of definitive treatment over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Restoration design has entered a new technological age. However, observation remains key to replicating nature and working within the artistic parameters of smile design. Parameters include tooth shape, proportion, and anatomy; as well as color, value, and translucency. This article, the second in a two-part series (Part 1 appeared in the Spring 2013 issue of jCD), addresses tooth anatomy, morphology, and the various laboratory applications for digital design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computer design software will become the main communication technology between dentists and ceramists and a useful tool for showing patients the possibilities for enhancing their smiles. Despite the modern age of smile design, which enables the use of technology to create and design an ideal smile, ceramists involved with the fabrication process still rely on sound concepts and principles of facial and dentofacial esthetics. By understanding the elements of esthetics and learning how to incorporate technology applications into clinical dentistry, clinicians can predictably plan smile design cases and communicate anticipated results to patients and ceramists alike. This article, the first in a two-part series, introduces elements of smile design and reviews some timeless concepts. It discusses new, step-by-step techniques for incorporating digital technology into the smile design process that can be accomplished in approximately three to four minutes. The second article will address tooth anatomy, morphology, and the various laboratory applications for digital design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many different materials and treatment options are available in esthetic and restorative dentistry. Various newer products, such as pressed ceramics, offer enhanced functionality; however, in thinner dimensions, they lack the inherent esthetic beauty of traditional materials such as feldspathic porcelain. As patient demands for better esthetics have increased in recent years, so too has the need for restorative materials that closely mimic the patient's natural dentition. Initially used for the creation of porcelain dentures, feldspathic porcelain has emerged as the premier esthetic material for custom veneer restorations. In recent years, the use of handlayered powder/liquid feldspathic porcelain has been revived based on its highly esthetic values and little-to-no preparation requirements. By keeping preparation to a minimum, less tooth structure is lost and procedures are much less invasive, which is exactly what patients desire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As dentistry continues to evolve, new technologies and materials are continually being offered to the dental profession. Throughout the years restorative trends and techniques have come and gone. Some material developments have transformed the face of esthetic dentistry, while other initial concepts have already phased out and disappeared. Today, all-ceramic restorations continue to grow in the area of restorative dentistry, from pressed-ceramic techniques and materials to the growing use of zirconia, and new materials that can be created from CAD/ CAM technology. This article will explore new uses for the all-ceramic material known as lithium disilicate. and the use of a digital format to design and process this material in new and exciting ways. An overview of the material as well as unique clinical procedures will be presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plethora of ceramic systems available today for all types of indirect restorations can be confusing-and overwhelming-for the clinician. Having a better understanding of them is key. The authors use classification systems based on the microstructural components of ceramics and the processing techniques to help illustrate the various properties and uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All imaginable types of materials and techniques, from very conservative ceramic restorations to very. complex restorations of either metal or high-strength crystal-line ceramics veneered with porcelain, have been introduced and tried throughout the years, with varying levels of success. However, there is considerable misinformation and a general lack of published rational treatment planning guidelines about when to use the ceramics available in dentistry. This article provides a systematic process for treatment planning with ceramic materials. Specific guidelines are outlined for the appropriate clinical conditions for using the various ceramic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological developments in photography have continued to facilitate and enhance the practice of dentistry. This evolution to a contemporary photographic process is revolutionizing the way clinicians diagnose, treat, and communicate with patients and colleagues. In this technologically progressing profession, clinicians should consider using an objective strategy for the selection and application of a reliable camera system that best suits the needs of their practice. This article provides clinicians with an overview of the function and basic components of a professional digital single lens reflex camera system, the criteria for evaluating and selecting a digital camera system, and the clinical applications for dental photography, as well as presents guidelines for obtaining a quality dental image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital images of tooth are presented.

The article focuses on the use of digital photography in dentistry. It says that digital single-lens reflex (SLR) cameras should have the following features which include true macro lens with 100mm focal length, dual point and ring macro flashes and customizable white balance to communicate, diagnose and document patient examination process. It mentions that dental photography can enhance the outcomes of patient.

The article focuses on the shade information methods used for shade analysis process for the dentition. It says that VITA 3D-Master' Shade Guide has been developed to better represent and communicate the shade of the natural teeth. It mentions that the new Linearguide 3D-Master allows for quick and accurate evaluation against the natural structure of the teeth. It adds that digital photography is considered one of the most important tools in shade determination process.

The article presents a roundtable discussion about the parameters for placing a monolithic or layered restorations in dental surgery. One of the author expresses the minimal damage in dental esthetics, maximum longevity and natural dentition serves as the primary goals for the dental restorations. The other author mentions the benefits of the technological innovations in dental surgery and in the marketplace. Another author explores the cost-effectivity of monolithic and layered restoration.

The article provides answer to a question of various ways of incorporating digital dental techniques in dental practices by laboratory technicians.

The article discusses the evolution of dental CAD/CAM applications in 2011. It mentions that the materials available for dental CAD/CAM provide benefits, such as user-friendliness, enhanced esthetics and higher quality. Moreover, dental CAD/CAM technologies enable dental professionals to interact with each other and their patients, help resolve labor issues and increase efficiencies.