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The article presents the discussion on keynote speech by the then Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare. Topics include range of social movements arrayed in opposition to colonialism, poverty, and racism mobilized during the Democratic Convention in Chicago to protest; and taking the initiative by planning workshops and social actions to unsettle the discipline's establishment sociology.

Circadian rhythm disturbances, especially circadian phase delays are associated with impulsive behaviors and have been implicated in psychiatric disorders. Chronotype is a developmentally regulated proxy measure of circadian phase. Past studies have investigated the relationship between chronotype and trauma and found that trauma is associated with evening chronotypes, suggesting the course of chronotype development may be affected by adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). However, the relationships among chronotype, impulsivity and ACEs have largely been studied in a pairwise manner using small, cross-sectional cohorts. We hypothesized that in a cohort of high-risk youth, childhood trauma would be associated with later chronotype, and later chronotype would be associated with higher rates of impulsivity. We analyzed a cross-sectional sample (n = 966) from Year 2 of adolescents at high risk for psychiatric disorders from the ABCD study who were characterized for chronotype, stressful life events, and impulsivity. We used a hierarchical regression model to examine the relationship between chronotype, stressful life events, and impulsivity using the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ), the Life Events Scale, Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance and Sensation Seeking (UPPS) Impulsive Behavior scale. We found associations between eveningness, stressful life events, and all dimensions of impulsivity. Increased eveningness was associated with a higher number of stressful life events and increased impulsivity. Understanding the role of stressful life events and impulsivity in those predisposed towards eveningness is useful because it may improve our understanding of the biological mechanisms that contribute to psychiatric disorders, and lead to better prevention and treatment efforts using interventions such as increased lifestyle regularity and daytime light exposure. • Impulsivity, later chronotype, stressful life events.→poor mental/physical health • Evening chronotype, stressful life events, and impulsivity are interrelated. • Investigation may help identify interventions to promote mental health & wellbeing. • Future work in prospective studies to clarify these factors will be essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the association of disagreement in the perception of patient disability between patients and family caregivers with physical and psychological quality of life (QOL) in both parties. A cross-sectional analysis of data collected from male stroke patients and family caregivers was conducted. Physical and psychological QOL in patients and caregivers were measured using the WHOQOL BREF. Perceptions of patient disability were measured using the 12-item WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (DAS). Using DAS scores reported independently by patients and caregivers, dyads were categorized into one of four groups representing agreement or disagreement about patient disability. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the associations between WHOQOL scores in patients and caregivers and these four groups. Among 56 dyads enrolled, approximately 52% were categorized into 'agreement' groups and 48% were categorized into 'disagreement' groups. The disagreement in perception about patient disability were significantly associated with poor patient physical QOL. However, the disagreement in perception were not significantly associated with caregiver QOL. Findings suggest the association of disagreement with QOL differs between patients and caregivers. Further research is needed to carefully appraise the relationship and interaction between patient and caregiver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

* Context.--Epithelioid angiomyolipomas (eAMLs) are rare tumors of the kidney that occur in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex or in a sporadic setting; a subset of these tumors exhibit metastatic behavior. Objective.--To analyze molecular profiling data to identify pathogenic alterations in rare cases of metastatic eAML, and to identify immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based surrogate markers. Design.--Molecular profiling data from the American Association for Cancer Research GENIE registry was accessed for 23 patients with angiomyolipomas, and 9 of 16 patients with eAMLs in our institutional registry were evaluated with next-generation sequencing. IHC was performed to screen for alterations of P53, RB, and ATRX for all 16 institutional cases. Results.--Combined alterations of 5 tumor-suppressor genes (TP53, ATRX, RB1, APC, and NF1) were identified using next-generation sequencing in 7 of 8 (88%) patients with metastatic disease compared to a single patient with nonmetastatic disease (RB1 variant of uncertain significance; 1 of 24, 4%). No cases with abnormal IHC results were identified in 11 patients with nonmetastatic disease compared to 3 of 5 patients with metastatic disease. Conclusions.--Our results show that the majority of metastatic eAMLs have mutations of 5 tumor-suppressor genes (TP53, ATRX, RB1, APC, and NF1), while these are rare in patients with nonmetastatic disease. Furthermore, IHC for P53, RB, and ATRX may serve as a screen for a subset of these alterations in resource-limited settings. These findings, if validated in larger data sets, have the potential to predict metastatic behavior in eAMLs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With renewed interest in Marxism, class is back on the intellectual agenda. But so too is the familiar charge of "class reductionism." This charge conflates two distinct claims regarding what we term the structural and political primacy of class. Structural primacy refers to the determinant role of class in social explanation, whereas political primacy refers to its centrality in radical politics. Crossing these distinct claims, we identify four possible positions on the primacy of class. Here, we focus on the two that affirm the structural primacy of class. What we call "class abstractionism," which presumes to derive the political primacy of class from an account of its structural primacy, ultimately relies on an abstract conception of class that effectively presupposes its political primacy. In contrast, a more adequate account of structural primacy—what we call "class dynamism"—requires us to abandon the presupposition of class's necessary political primacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the retirement of coal-fired power stations, wet-stored stockpile fly ash is increasingly receiving attention for use in concrete. An important consideration for dry fly ash in this application is its impact on air entrainment, which can be affected by unburnt carbon present, influencing bubble stability and air-entraining admixture (AEA) dose requirements. Preliminary tests suggest wet storage can influence the process and the present study examined this for laboratory-moistened and stockpile fly ashes. The research indicated that chemical processes lead to product formation on particle surfaces and increases in loss-on-ignition in the material. Agglomeration of fly ash also occurred with wet storage, developing with time. While median particle size and specific surface area (by nitrogen (N2) adsorption) of fly ash increased, both foam index and Acid Blue 80 adsorption were less with wet storage. Mortar tests mainly gave increased air content at fixed AEA dose for material held under these conditions. The data suggest admixture accessibility to wet-stored fly ash particles influenced behaviour and this increased with the breakdown of particle agglomerates (by grinding). Some influences of particle surface chemistry on the process were also found. A pilot-scale processing trial with stockpile fly ash gave general agreement with effects observed in the laboratory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the retirement of coal-fired power stations, wet-stored stockpile fly ash is increasingly receiving attention for use in concrete. An important consideration for dry fly ash in this application is its impact on air entrainment, which can be affected by unburnt carbon present, influencing bubble stability and air-entraining admixture (AEA) dose requirements. Preliminary tests suggest wet storage can influence the process and the present study examined this for laboratory-moistened and stockpile fly ashes. The research indicated that chemical processes lead to product formation on particle surfaces and increases in loss-on-ignition in the material. Agglomeration of fly ash also occurred with wet storage, developing with time. While median particle size and specific surface area (by nitrogen (N2) adsorption) of fly ash increased, both foam index and Acid Blue 80 adsorption were less with wet storage. Mortar tests mainly gave increased air content at fixed AEA dose for material held under these conditions. The data suggest admixture accessibility to wet-stored fly ash particles influenced behaviour and this increased with the breakdown of particle agglomerates (by grinding). Some influences of particle surface chemistry on the process were also found. A pilot-scale processing trial with stockpile fly ash gave general agreement with effects observed in the laboratory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Approximately 6.2 million Americans aged 65 or older have Alzheimer's disease or related dementias (ADRD). Unpaid family members and friends provide the bulk of caregiving for these individuals. Caregiving in rural areas adds unique challenges, particularly for ethnically/racially diverse caregivers. This study provides a profile of diverse, rural ADRD caregivers with an emphasis on multi-level factors that influence physical and mental health. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 156 diverse rural ADRD caregivers. Results: 65% of participants identified as White/Non-Hispanic (WNH; n = 101) and 35% identified as ethnically/racially diverse (ERD; n = 55). The majority of participants reported economic deprivation. More ERD caregivers were uninsured and had at least one chronic health condition. Higher proportions of ERD caregivers smoked cigarettes, consumed alcohol regularly, and had not seen or talked to a doctor in the previous year. There were no ethnic/racial group differences in stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, subjective health, or sleep quality. Conclusion: Rural caregivers, regardless of ethnicity/race, may benefit from extra supports in order to maintain optimal health. Further research is needed to disentangle the complex relationship between culture, caregiving, and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rotational spectra of five isotopic species of the Ar–SiO complex have been observed at high-spectral resolution between 8 and 18 GHz using chirped Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy and a discharge nozzle source; follow-up cavity measurements have extended these measurements to as high as 35 GHz. The spectrum of the normal species is dominated by an intense progression of a-type rotational transitions arising from increasing quanta in the Si–O stretch, in which lines up to v = 12 (∼14 500 cm−1) were identified. A structural determination by isotopic substitution and a hyperfine analysis of the Ar–Si17O spectrum both suggest that the complex is a highly fluxional prolate symmetric rotor with a vibrationally averaged structure between T-shaped and collinear in which the oxygen atom lies closer to argon than the silicon atom, much like Ar–CO. To complement the experimental studies, a full dimensional potential and a series of effective vibrationally averaged, two-dimensional potential energy surfaces of Ar + SiO have been computed at the CCSD(T)-F12b/CBS level of theory. The equilibrium structure of Ar–SiO is predicted to be T-shaped with a well depth of 152 cm−1, but the linear geometry is also a minimum, and the potential energy surface has a long, flat channel between 140 and 180°. Because the barrier between the two wells is calculated to be small (of order 5 cm−1) and well below the zero-point energy, the vibrationally averaged wavefunction is delocalized over nearly 100° of angular freedom. For this reason, Ar–SiO should exhibit large amplitude zero-point motion, in which the vibrationally excited states can be viewed as resonances with long lifetimes. Calculations of the rovibrational level pattern agree to within 2% with the transition frequencies of normal and isotopic ground state Ar–SiO, and the putative Ka = ±1 levels for Ar–28SiO, suggesting that the present theoretical treatment well reproduces the salient properties of the intramolecular potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wet stored fly ash is increasingly being considered as a cement component in concrete. However, the effect of these conditions on the material's reactivity is uncertain. The research described here investigated this property for wet laboratory-stored (10% moisture) and site stockpile fly ashes, using lime consumption (BS EN 196-5, Frattini) and activity index (BS EN 450-1) tests. Progressive reactivity losses occurred with laboratory storage up to 730 days. This was influenced by dry fly ash fineness and holding period, suggesting that the formation of agglomerates/products (assessed by scanning electron microscopy) affects lime's access to particle surfaces, with similar type behaviour for stockpile materials. Compressive (cube) strength reductions were also found between dry and wet stored fly ash concretes. Stockpile fly ash reactivity following laboratory- (drying/ball milling) and pilot-scale (flash drying/de-agglomerating, air classifying, micronising and carbon removal) processing was then investigated. Exposure of reactive material using these methods appears to be important, with greater improvements generally noted as the fly ash particle size is reduced and at later test ages. To meet activity index requirements, fly ash sub-10 μm contents, with the Portland cement used, needed to exceed about 30%, irrespective of the storage conditions/processing used. Minor benefits to concrete strength were obtained with increasing sub-10 μm contents, particularly beyond 28 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by episodes of depression and mania and disrupted circadian rhythms. Lithium is an effective therapy for BD, but only 30%–40% of patients are fully responsive. Preclinical models show that lithium alters circadian rhythms. However, it is unknown if the circadian rhythm effects of lithium are essential to its therapeutic properties. Methods: In secondary analyses of a multi‐center, prospective, trial of lithium for BD, we examined the relationship between circadian rhythms and therapeutic response to lithium. Using standardized instruments, we measured morningness, diurnal changes in mood, sleep, and energy (circadian rhythm disturbances) in a cross‐sectional study of 386 BD subjects with varying lithium exposure histories. Next, we tracked symptoms of depression and mania prospectively over 12 weeks in a subset of 88 BD patients initiating treatment with lithium. Total, circadian, and affective mood symptoms were scored separately and analyzed. Results: Subjects with no prior lithium exposure had the most circadian disruption, while patients stable on lithium monotherapy had the least. Patients who were stable on lithium with another drug or unstable on lithium showed intermediate levels of disruption. Treatment with lithium for 12 weeks yielded significant reductions in total and affective depression symptoms. Lithium responders (Li‐Rs) showed improvement in circadian symptoms of depression, but non‐responders did not. There was no difference between Li‐Rs and nonresponders in affective, circadian, or total symptoms of mania. Conclusions: Exposure to lithium is associated with reduced circadian disruption. Lithium response at 12 weeks was selectively associated with the reduction of circadian depressive symptoms. We conclude that stabilization of circadian rhythms may be an important feature of lithium's therapeutic effects. Clinical Trials Registry: NCT0127253. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Symptoms of bipolar disorder (BD) include changes in mood, activity, energy, sleep, and appetite. Since many of these processes are regulated by circadian function, circadian rhythm disturbance has been examined as a biological feature underlying BD. The International Society for Bipolar Disorders Chronobiology Task Force (CTF) was commissioned to review evidence for neurobiological and behavioral mechanisms pertinent to BD. Method: Drawing upon expertise in animal models, biomarkers, physiology, and behavior, CTF analyzed the relevant cross‐disciplinary literature to precisely frame the discussion around circadian rhythm disruption in BD, highlight key findings, and for the first time integrate findings across levels of analysis to develop an internally consistent, coherent theoretical framework. Results: Evidence from multiple sources implicates the circadian system in mood regulation, with corresponding associations with BD diagnoses and mood‐related traits reported across genetic, cellular, physiological, and behavioral domains. However, circadian disruption does not appear to be specific to BD and is present across a variety of high‐risk, prodromal, and syndromic psychiatric disorders. Substantial variability and ambiguity among the definitions, concepts and assumptions underlying the research have limited replication and the emergence of consensus findings. Conclusions: Future research in circadian rhythms and its role in BD is warranted. Well‐powered studies that carefully define associations between BD‐related and chronobiologically‐related constructs, and integrate across levels of analysis will be most illuminating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure and bonding of H2NNO, the simplest N-nitrosamine, and a key intermediate in deNOx processes, have been precisely characterized using a combination of rotational spectroscopy of its more abundant isotopic species and high-level quantum chemical calculations. Isotopic spectroscopy provides compelling evidence that this species is formed promptly in our discharge expansion via the NH2 + NO reaction and is collisionally cooled prior to subsequent unimolecular rearrangement. H2NNO is found to possess an essentially planar geometry, an NNO angle of 113.67(5)°, and a N—N bond length of 1.342(3) Å; in combination with the derived nitrogen quadrupole coupling constants, its bonding is best described as an admixture of uncharged dipolar (H2N—N=O, single bond) and zwitterion (H2N+=N—O-, double bond) structures. At the CCSD(T) level, and extrapolating to the complete basis set limit, the planar geometry appears to represent the minimum of the potential surface, although the torsional potential of this molecule is extremely flat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A systematic search for carbon-chain cumulenones beyond H2C4O has been undertaken using microwave spectral taxonomy in combination with a pulsed jet discharge source. No evidence was found for the C2V isomer of H2C5O or its longer derivatives, but HC(O)C4H, the longer variant of propynal, HC(O)CCH, was identified instead. Its rotational and leading centrifugal distortion constants have been derived to high accuracy from detection of both a- and b-type lines; those below 40 GHz were measured using a Fabry-Perot cavity, while lines between 40 and 72 GHz were recorded by double resonance techniques. Overwhelming evidence for the identification is provided by detection of HC(O)C4D, DC(O)C4H, and HC(18O)C4H at the expected frequencies using isotopically enriched samples. Because HC(18O)C4H is produced with comparable abundance when using either 18O2 or C18O as the source of oxygen, and because H13C(O)C4H is not preferentially formed when starting from 13CO, atomic oxygen appears to be a key reactant in formation, plausibly viaOinsertion, e.g., H2CC2n+2H + O → HC(O)C2n+2H + H. Under the same experimental conditions, HC(O)CCH is more than 10 times more abundant than H2C3O, regardless of the source of oxygen, and no evidence is found for cyclopropenone, c-C3H2O. Taken together, these observations indicate that propynal and longer chains with an odd number of carbon atoms are either energetically more stable than cumulenones of the same size, are kinetically favored products, or both. On the basis of the HC(O)C4H discovery, searches for the isovalent sulfur species, HC(S)C4H, and HC(O)C6H have been conducted. Guided by new quantum chemical calculations, the rotational spectra of both were observed in the centimeter-wave band with the same spectrometer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rotational spectra of two new silicon-bearing carbon chains, H 2 C 3 Si and HSiCCH have been detected by means of Fourier-transform microwave spectroscopy in a supersonic jet source equipped with an electrical discharge. On the basis of measurements between 10 and 42 GHz, precise spectroscopic constants have been determined for both molecules. Along with H29SiCCH and H30SiCCH, which were detected in natural abundance, several other rare isotopic species of HSiCCH were observed using samples enriched in carbon-13 and D. From this isotopic data, a precise semi-experimental equilibrium structure was derived and compared with a re-evaluated semi-experimental equilibrium structure of the parent silylene SiH 2 ; the deuterium isotopic measurements also provide important clues as to the formation pathway of HSiCCH in our discharge. Because other small Si-bearing chains have been detected in the circumstellar envelope of the evolved carbon star IRC+10216, both chains may be of astronomical interest. [Display omitted] • Laboratory detection of two new silicon-bearing carbon chains. • The HSiC angle of HSiCCH is close to that of SiH2. • Isotopic studies point to formation pathway of SiiCCH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the overall incidence of stroke in the United States has decreased in recent years, the incidence of stroke among Black Americans has not changed. This has resulted in a widening gap between White and Black stroke survivors and their families. A variety of factors contribute to this inequity including social determinants of health (e.g., adverse life events, discrimination, neighborhood deprivation, lack of access to health care). This article uses a "case and frame" approach, through the lens of ecological systems theory, to illustrate how social determinants of health express themselves in two stroke survivor-caregiver dyads living in a large Midwestern city. We draw out implications for practice and policy in social work and related disciplines that focus on recognizing the impact of social determinants of health, developing culturally-specific interventions that mitigate unique stressors but that also leverage unique strengths, and building capacity for cultural competence and cross-cultural health communication within organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic review examines the social and emotional learning (SEL) intervention literature to address questions of whether and how students with disabilities are considered in studies of universal SEL interventions in middle and high schools. From the articles identified for initial review (n = 4,355), 166 met the inclusionary criteria. Among these, 19 studies explicitly mentioned including students with disabilities. Five studies included analyses of students with disabilities as a subgroup, with varying results. Additional analyses focus on evidence of attention to varied learning needs in curricular materials or training of facilitators. Findings demonstrate scant attention to students with disabilities in reports of universal SEL interventions, leaving open questions about their inclusion and effects of participation. Opportunities for addressing these questions in future research are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rotational spectra of the singly substituted carbon-13 isotopic species of six sulphur-terminated carbon chains have been detected between 5 and 40 GHz using a supersonic discharge jet source in combination with a cavity Fourier transform microwave spectrometer. These molecules are H C 3 H S , a closed-shell isomer of H 2 C 3 S , and five radicals: H C C S , H C 3 S , H C 4 S , H C 5 S and C 4 S . Experiments were carried out with precursors enriched in 13 C, either high purity H 13 C 2 H , a statistical sample of 13 C/ 12 C acetylene, or 13 C S 2 . From the 13 C hyperfine coupling constants, the unpaired electronic density along the chain can be quantified for the radical species, while precise experimental structures ( r 0 ) can be derived for each chain except H C 5 S by a least-squares fit to the rotational constants. The use of 13 C S 2 is particularly revealing in that it provides important clues as to the major formation pathway for each chain in our discharge nozzle. Somewhat surprisingly, 13 C from this precursor appears to be substituted in one of three distinct ways: statistical, a single C site, or not at all. This propensity is molecule specific, implying that multiple formation pathways are operative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The narrow therapeutic window of lithium medications necessitates frequent serum monitoring, which can be expensive and inconvenient for the patient. Compared to blood, saliva collection is easier, non‐invasive, requires less processing, and can be done without the need for trained personnel. This study investigated the utility of longitudinal salivary lithium level monitoring. Methods: We measured salivary lithium levels using ICP‐OES in n = 169 passive drool samples, collected both as single observations and longitudinally for up to 18 months, from a multi‐center cohort of n = 75 patients with bipolar disorder or other psychiatric conditions. Results: Saliva and serum lithium levels were highly correlated. Adjustment for daily lithium dose, diabetes, and smoking improved this relationship (r = 0.77). Using the adjusted intersubject equation and a patient's salivary lithium value, we observed a strong correlation between the predicted vs. observed serum lithium levels (r = 0.70). Most patients had highly stable saliva/serum ratios across multiple visits, with longitudinal variability significantly greater with age. Use of the intrasubject saliva/serum ratio from a single prior observation had similar predictive power to the use of the adjusted intersubject equation. However, the use of the mean intrasubject ratio from three prior observations could robustly predict serum lithium levels (predicted vs. observed r = 0.90). Conclusions: These findings strongly suggest that saliva could be used for lithium monitoring, and open the door for the development and implementation of a point‐of‐care salivary lithium device for use at home or the clinic. We propose that the use of saliva will dramatically improve treatment opportunities for patients with mood disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pharmacotherapies for depression are often ineffective and treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is common across bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Patient genetic information can be used to predict treatment outcomes. Prospective studies indicate that pharmacogenetic (PGX) tests have utility in the treatment of depression. However, few studies have examined the utility of PGX in other diagnoses typified by depression, or in veterans, a cohort with high rates of medical comorbidity, social stress, and suicide. Aim: To determine the efficacy of genetically guided pharmacological treatment of TRD. Methods: We conducted an 8-week, prospective, multisite, single-blind study in 182 veterans with TRD including patients with BD, MDD, and PTSD. Subjects were randomly assigned to PGX-guided treatment in which the clinician incorporated PGX information into decision-making, or treatment as usual (TAU). Results: Overall, the PGX group improved marginally faster compared to TAU, but the difference was not statistically significant. Secondary analyses revealed that only PTSD patients showed a potential benefit from PGX testing. Patients predicted by PGX testing to have moderate levels of genetic risk showed a significant benefit from the PGX-guided treatment, whereas other risk groups demonstrated no benefit. Clinicians generally found the PGX test was useful, particularly in more depressed patients and/or those with more warnings for significant or serious adverse outcomes. Clinicians more often used the results to select a drug, but only rarely to adjust dosing. Conclusions: The data reveal possible group differences in the utility of PGX testing in veterans with TRD. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04469322. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to its unparalleled structural specificity, rotational spectroscopy is a powerful technique to unambiguously identify and characterize volatile, polar molecules. We present here a new experimental approach, automated microwave double resonance (AMDOR) spectroscopy, to rapidly determine the rotational constants of these compounds without a priori knowledge of elemental composition or molecular structure. This task is achieved by rapidly acquiring the classical (frequency vs. intensity) broadband spectrum of a molecule using chirped-pulse Fourier transform microwave (FTMW) spectroscopy and subsequently analyzing it in near real-time using complementary cavity FTMW detection and double resonance. AMDOR measurements provide a unique "barcode" for each compound from which rotational constants can be extracted. To illustrate the power of this approach, AMDOR spectra of three aroma compounds - trans-cinnamaldehyde, α-, and β-ionone - have been recorded and analyzed. The prospects to extend this approach to mixture characterization and purity assessment are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HOCO is an important intermediate in combustion and atmospheric processes because the OH + CO → H + CO2 reaction represents the final step for the production of CO2 in hydrocarbon oxidation, and theoretical studies predict that this reaction proceeds via various intermediates, the most important being this radical. Isotopic investigations of trans- and cis-HOCO have been undertaken using Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy and millimeter-wave double resonance techniques in combination with a supersonic molecular beam discharge source to better understand the formation, chemical bonding, and molecular structures of this radical pair. We find that trans- HOCO can be produced almost equally well from either OH + CO or H + CO2 in our discharge source, but cis-HOCO appears to be roughly two times more abundant when starting from H + CO2. Using isotopically labelled precursors, the OH + C18O reaction predominately yields HOC18O for both isomers, but H18OCO is observed as well, typically at the level of 10%-20% that of HOC18O; the opposite propensity is found for the 18OH + CO reaction. DO + C18O yields similar ratios between DOC18O and D18OCO as those found for OH + C18O, suggesting that some fraction of HOCO (or DOCO) may be formed from the back-reaction H + CO2, which, at the high pressure of our gas expansion, can readily occur. The large 13C Fermi-contact term (aF) for trans- and cis-HO13CO implicates significant unpaired electronic density in a σ-type orbital at the carbon atom, in good agreement with theoretical predictions. By correcting the experimental rotational constants for zero-point vibration motion calculated theoretically using second-order vibrational perturbation theory, precise geometrical structures have been derived for both isomers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Corallococcus species are diverse in the natural environment with 10 new Corallococcus species having been characterized in just the last 5 years. As well as being an abundant myxobacterial genus, they produce several secondary metabolites, including Corallopyronin, Corramycin, Coralmycin, and Corallorazine. We isolated a novel strain Corallococcus spp RDP092CA from soil in South Wales, UK, using Candida albicans as prey bait and characterized its predatory activities against pathogenic bacteria and yeast. Methods and results The size of the RDP092CA genome was 8.5 Mb with a G + C content of 71.4%. Phylogenetically, RDP092CA is closely related to Corallococcus interemptor, C. coralloides , and C. exiguus. However, genome average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values are lower than 95% and 70% when compared to those type strains, implying that it belongs to a novel species. The RDP092CA genome harbours seven types of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) and 152 predicted antimicrobial peptides. In predation assays, RDP092CA showed good predatory activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter freundii , and Staphylococcus aureus but not against Enterococcus faecalis. It also showed good antibiofilm activity against all five bacteria in biofilm assays. Antifungal activity against eight Candida spp. was variable, with particularly good activity against Meyerozyma guillermondii DSM 6381. Antimicrobial peptide RDP092CA_120 exhibited potent antibiofilm activity with >50% inhibition and >60% dispersion of biofilms at concentrations down to 1 μg/ml. Conclusions We propose that strain RDP092CA represents a novel species with promising antimicrobial activities, Corallococcus senghenyddensis sp. nov. (=NBRC 116490T =CCOS 2109T), based on morphological, biochemical, and genomic features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predicting changes in the abundance of species over time is a central goal of conservation ecology. Typically, demographic data are used to parameterise models which describe population dynamics. Vital rates of plants vary across a species' distribution, yet most demographic estimates are spatially constrained. Banksia ornata (Proteaceae), a widespread serotinous obligate‐seeding shrub in southern Australia, has previously had a fire management model developed based on demographic data derived from a chronosequence in one part of the species' range. We asked: are demographic data collected from a limited geographic range robust for developing population dynamic models that are applied across the broader species' range? How much variation exists in the demography of species across their range and does this matter for estimating fire return intervals necessary for species persistence? We examine site‐to‐site variation in the pyrodemography of six populations of B. ornata encompassing its geographic range. We documented changes in population density, time to first reproduction and canopy seed bank accumulation in stands varying in age from 0.5 to 55 years. We model year of maximum seed production on demographic parameters such as population starting density and survival rate. Density, primary juvenile period, rates of mortality and seed bank accumulation varied across populations. Primary juvenile period varied across populations (from 6 to <20 years), while time to maximum seed production was estimated to take 34–39 years after fire. Hence, the fire intervals that correspond to minimising extinction risk (due to variation in primary juvenile periods) diverge moreso among populations than the fire intervals that produce (on average) the highest maximum seed production with respect to time since fire. Demographic data collected at different locations in a species' range are likely valuable for building realistic species response models to disturbance, providing underlying assumptions about key transitions, such as mortality rate, are made explicit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigates the potential for recovering granulated blast furnace slag after four to five years' storage in a stockpile (weathered) for use as an addition in concrete. The initial research physically and chemically characterised fresh and weathered granulated slag. Thereafter, studies on ground materials in paste and mortar were carried out. The weathered granulated slag was similar to fresh slag in terms of particle size, shape and elemental composition. However, there was greater roughening of particle surfaces, with various weathering products forming. Following grinding, fresh slag comprised angular particles covering a range of sizes, while finer particles in weathered slag included fragmented reaction products. In cement paste, weathered slag gave reductions in chemically bound water. In mortar, this showed little difference in flow properties compared to fresh slag, with reductions in compressive strength and increases in porosity also noted. Further analyses suggest that, at equal Blaine fineness, weathered slag (a) is actually coarser than fresh material, affecting particle packing and giving larger capillary pores, and (b) has lower reactivity due to reduced surface area. The practical implications are examined and approaches to using weathered slag in concrete suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In this study, we examined the influence of having a functional limitation (FL) on the likelihood of adherence to mammography guidelines, as well as the potential moderating role of barriers to care on this relationship. Methods: Women aged 50-75 years from the 2017 National Health Interview Survey were assessed for FL and barriers to care as predictors mammography screening prevalence using weighted logistic regression. Results: Of 5627 women, most were without FLs (56%), Caucasian (81%), with at least a high school education (62%), married (63%), had a usual source of care (97%), and reported barriers to care (9%). Compared to women without FLs, those with FLs were less likely to adhere to mammography guidelines in the past year. Endorsement of the items, Could not get through on the phone, Not open when you could go, and No transportation negatively moderated this association (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.60, 95% Cl [0.59, 0.60], AOR = 0.54, 95% Cl [0.54, 0.55], and AOR = 0.32, 95% [0.31, 0.33], respectively). Conclusions: Improving the ability of women with FLs to schedule appointments that will suit their functional needs within universal design guidelines may improve compliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air pollutant concentrations are often higher near major roadways than in the surrounding environments owing to emissions from on-road mobile sources. In this study, we quantified the gradient in black carbon (BC) and air toxics concentrations from the I-70 freeway in the Elyria-Swansea environmental justice neighborhood in Denver, Colorado, during three measurement campaigns in 2017–2018. The average hourly upwind-downwind gradient of BC concentrations from the roadway was 500–800 ng/m3, equal to an increment of approximately 30-80% above local background levels within 180 m of the freeway. When integrated over all wind directions, the gradients were smaller, approximately 150–300 ng/m3 (~11-18%) over the course of nearly four months of measurements. No statistically significant gradient in air toxics (e.g., benzene, formaldehyde, etc.) was found, likely because the uncertainties in the mean concentrations were larger than the magnitude of the gradient (<25%). This finding is in contrast to some earlier studies in which small gradients of benzene and other VOCs were found. We estimate that sample sizes of at least 100 individual measurements would have been required to estimate mean concentrations with sufficient certainty to quantify gradients on the order of ±10% uncertainty. These gradient estimates are smaller than those found in previous studies over the past two decades; more stringent emissions standards, the local fleet age distribution, and/or the steady turnover of the vehicle fleet may be reducing the overall impact of roadway emissions on near-road communities. Implications: Gradients of near-road pollution may be declining in the near-road environment as tailpipe emissions from the vehicle fleet continue to decrease. Near-road concentration gradients of mobile source air toxics, including benzene, 1,3-butadiene, and ethylbenzene, will require higher sample sizes to quantify as emissions continue to decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: A strong interpersonal relationship after stroke is important for the prevention of depression in survivors and family caregivers. This study aimed to test the feasibility of quality of relationship intervention for stroke dyads called Hand in Hand (HiH). Methods: Sixteen dyads were randomized into either the HiH group (n = 8) or information, support, and referral (ISR) control group (n = 8). HiH dyads received up to eight sessions, with topics prioritized according to a 17-item screening tool. ISR dyads received up to eight sessions that included information, active listening, and referrals. Feasibility, acceptability, and outcomes data were collected for both groups. Results: The HiH and ISR groups were feasible and acceptable. Caregivers in both groups, as well as survivors in the ISR group, experienced improvements in depressive symptoms and other select outcomes. Conclusions: Findings suggest that HiH is feasible to implement with stroke dyads and that it merits further refinement and testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Celiac disease is an immune-mediated disorder triggered by hypersensitivity to gluten occurring in genetically susceptible individuals. A high-index of suspicion is needed for diagnosis as patients can be asymptomatic or present with atypical symptoms or extra-intestinal manifestations. Typical 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/Computed Tomography (CT) gastrointestinal manifestations of celiac disease include increased multifocal or diffuse jejunal and ileal uptake; focal duodenal uptake is less common. Splenomegaly with increased splenic FDG uptake is also uncommon in celiac disease in the absence of portal hypertension; small-sized spleen and functional hyposplenism are more typical. We report a case of celiac disease diagnosed after PET/CT showed FDG uptake in the duodenum and enlarged spleen. Follow-up after gluten-free diet showed complete metabolic resolution and regression of splenomegaly. The combination of focal bowel and splenic uptake is unusual in celiac disease and may be mistaken for a lymphoproliferative disorder. Awareness of this entity may avoid misdiagnosis and guide appropriate management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Case: A 47-year-old healthy man underwent cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) for a C6 radiculopathy. Two-week radiographs showed a well-positioned implant. At the 6-week postoperative visit, the inferior portion of the implant had displaced ventrally, with C6 anterior vertebral body collapse. The next day, the implant was removed and converted to a C5/6 anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Bone biopsy was unremarkable. Conclusions: This is the first reported case of early catastrophic failure of a well-positioned CDA in a healthy patient with good bone quality. Possible contributing mechanisms include hypermobility and anterior bone loss, factors previously associated with CDA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theological and secular voices in bioethics have drifted into separate silos. Such a separation results in part from (1) theologians focusing less on conveying ideas in ways that contribute to a pluralistic and public bioethical discourse and (2) the dwindling receptivity of religious arguments within secular bioethics. This essay works against these drifts by putting forward an argument that does not bounce around a religious echo-chamber, but instead demonstrates how insights of Christian anthropology can be meaningfully responsive to secular bioethics' rightful concerns with inequality and injustice. We offer core concepts from Christian bioethics that encourage dialogue with secular and theological bioethicists. The theologically-grounded concepts, human dignity, sin, and the common good, provide intellectual resources to address major areas of bioethical concern that remain unresolved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Novel technologies make it possible to incorporate pharmacogenetic testing into the medical management of depression. However, previous studies indicate that there may be a subset of subjects who have concerns about genetic testing and may be psychologically vulnerable. If so, pharmacogenetic testing in depressed subjects could negatively impact their mental health and undermine treatment goals.Methods: In this study, we developed a standardized instrument to assess motivations and attitudes around pharmacogenetic testing in a cohort of 170 depressed Veterans participating in a multi-center clinic trial.Results: Testing reveals that subjects were largely positive about the use of genetic testing to guide pharmacological treatment and help plan their future. Most subjects showed only modest concerns about the impact on family, inability to cope with the results, and fear of discrimination. The severity of depression did not predict the concern expressed about negative outcomes. However, non-Caucasian subjects were more likely on average to endorse concerns about poor coping and fear of discrimination.Conclusions: These data indicate that while the overall risk is modest, some patients with depression may face psychosocial challenges in the context of pharmacogenetic testing. Future work should identify factors that predict distress and aim to tailor test results to different populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses institutions of higher education has present challenges to and confuse the task of research. Topics include the ethics guides researchers, aimed at protecting research subjects, has limited in the way considers social inequalities within the practice of research; and lack of consideration contributes not to inequalities in the benefits of research.

Low-lime fly ashes produced from modern coal-fired power technologies (developed to enhance efficiency/lower emissions), including nitrogen oxide (NOx) reduction, co-combustion, supercritical steam and oxy-fuel combustion, and their effects on chloride ingress and carbonation of concrete are investigated in this paper. Earlier work indicates that some of these technologies influence fly ash properties, but they mainly follow typical behaviour found for the material (consistence and compressive strength) in concrete. Both accelerated and normal-type exposure tests were carried out on a range of practical water/cement ratio concretes (also enabling interpolation for comparisons at equal 28 d strength). The test fly ash concretes were evaluated against (i) those containing three reference fly ashes covering a range of fineness and (ii) corresponding studies on fly ash concretes from the 1990s. The results show that there was an influence of fly ash fineness, reflected in reactivity/porosity (measured on mortar), and aspects of chemistry on chloride ingress, but there appeared to be minor material effects on carbonation. Comparison with the 1990s data indicated similar behaviour for the materials between studies for both properties. A relationship was also identified for the product of reactive alumina and sub-10 μm contents of the modern fly ashes and chloride resistance of concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MINI: It is unclear whether the ACS NSQIP Surgical Risk Calculator can predict 30-day complications after lumbar and cervical spinal fusions. This study shows that the Risk Calculator is only of marginal benefit in predicting outcomes in cervical fusion and unlikely to be of benefit in lumbar fusions.Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the American College of Surgeons National Surgery Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) Risk Calculator's ability to predict 30-day complications after spine surgery.Summary Of Background Data: Surgical risk calculators may identify patients at increased risk for complications, improve outcomes, enhance the informed consent process, and help modify risk factors. The ACS NSQIP Risk Calculator was developed from a cohort of >1.4 million patients, using 2805 unique CPT codes. It uses 21 patient predictors and the planned procedure to predict the risk of 12 different outcomes within 30 days following surgery.Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on patients who underwent primary lumbar and cervical fusions with at least 30-day postoperative follow-up between 2009 and 2015 at a single-institution. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the overall sample, anterior versus posterior fusion (cervical only), and single versus multilevel fusion. Logistic regression models were fit with actual complication occurrence as the dependent variable in each model and ACS estimated risk as the independent variable. The c-statistic was used as the measure of concordance for each model. Receiver-operating charateristic curves depicted the predictive ability of the estimated risks. Acceptable concordance was set at c >0.80.Results: A total of 237 lumbar and 404 cervical patients were included in the study. The Risk Calculator risk estimates significantly predicted (P < 0.001) "any complication" and "discharge to skilled nursing facility" among the cervical cohort and demonstrated no significant outcome prediction the lumbar cohort.Conclusion: The ACS Risk-Calculator accurately predicted complications in the categories of "any complication" and "discharge to skilled nursing facility" for our cervical cohort and failed to demonstrate benefit for our lumbar cohort. Although the ACS Risk-Calculator may be useful in general surgery, our findings demonstrate that it does not necessarily provide accurate information for patients undergoing spinal surgery.Level Of Evidence: 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Case: Two cases of postoperative spinal subdural extra-arachnoid hygromas were successfully treated with bed rest after patients developed symptoms 4 to 5 days following decompressive lumbar surgery. The development of the hygromas as well as the radiological findings are discussed. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, these comprise the first postoperative cases successfully treated without surgical re-exploration. This demonstrates conservative management may be a safe and effective management choice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mitochondria have been linked to the etiology of schizophrenia (SZ). However, studies of mitochondria in SZ might be confounded by the effects of pharmacological treatment with antipsychotic drugs (APDs) and other common medications. This review summarizes findings on relevant mitochondria mechanisms underlying SZ, and the potential impact of psychoactive drugs including primarily APDs, but also antidepressants and anxiolytics. The summarized data suggest that APDs impair mitochondria function by decreasing Complex I activity and ATP production and dissipation of the mitochondria membrane potential. At the same time, in the brains of patients with SZ, antipsychotic drug treatment normalizes gene expression modules enriched in mitochondrial genes that are decreased in SZ. This indicates that APDs may have both positive and negative effects on mitochondria. The available evidence suggests three conclusions i) alterations in mitochondria functions in SZ exist prior to APD treatment, ii) mitochondria alterations in SZ can be reversed by APD treatment, and iii) APDs directly cause impairment of mitochondria function. Overall, the mechanisms of action of psychiatric drugs on mitochondria are both direct and indirect; we conclude the effects of APDs on mitochondria may contribute to both their therapeutic and metabolic side effects. These studies support the hypothesis that neuronal mitochondria are an etiological factor in SZ. Moreover, APDs and other drugs must be considered in the evaluation of this pathophysiological role of mitochondria in SZ. Considering these effects, pharmacological actions on mitochondria may be a worthwhile target for further APD development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A strong interpersonal relationship after stroke is important for the well-being of survivors and family caregivers. However, as many as 54% of families experience relationship problems after stroke and as many as 38% of couples experience overt conflict. The purpose of this study is to enhance understanding about relationship challenges among stroke dyads and to identify implications for direct practice in social work. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with N = 19 care dyads. Qualitative data were analyzed through an interpretive description lens. Seven themes about relationship challenges were identified. Findings highlight areas to consider in promoting strong relationships between survivors and family caregivers. Social workers may have the opportunity to assist dyads with disrupting negative communication cycles, strengthening empathy and collaboration, and achieving a balance so that each person's needs are met. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How can finance be durably democratized? In the centers of financial power in both the United States and the United Kingdom, proposals now circulate to give workers and the public more say over how flows of credit are allocated. This article examines five democratization proposals: credit union franchises, public investment banks, sovereign wealth funds, inclusive ownership funds, and bank nationalization. It considers how these plans might activate worker and public engagement in decision making about finance by focusing on three modes of public participation: representative democracy, direct democracy, and deliberative minipublics. It then considers the degree to which democratization plans might be resilient to de-democratization threats from business. It argues that of the five, bank nationalization goes furthest in guarding against de-democratization threats but is still pocked with pitfalls if it relies solely on representative democracy. It argues that two criteria appear necessary for democratically durable alternatives: the active direct participation of workers and citizens and the weakening of businesses' capacity for democratic retrenchment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by recurrent mania and depression episodes and requiring lifelong treatment with mood stabilizing drugs. Several lines of evidence, including with BD patient iPSC‐derived neurons, suggest that neuronal hyperexcitability may underlie the key clinical symptoms of BD. Indeed, higher mRNA levels of SCN11A, coding for the voltage‐gated sodium channel NaV1.9 implicated in nociception, were detected in iPSC‐derived neurons from BD patients, and were normalized by in vitro lithium. Here we studied SCN11A expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from well‐phenotyped female BD patients and controls and evaluated their association with several clinical sub‐phenotypes. We observed higher mRNA levels of SCN11A in PBMCs from female BD patients with no records of alcohol dependence (p =.0050), no records of psychosis (p =.0097), or no records of suicide attempts (p =.0409). A trend was observed for higher SCN11A expression (FD = 1.91; p =.052) in BD PBMCs compared with controls. Datamining of published postmortem gene expression datasets indicated higher SCN11A expression in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex tissues from BD patients compared with controls. Higher phenotype‐associated expression levels in PBMC from BD patients were also observed for ID2 (alcohol dependence, suicide attempts) and HDGFRP3 (seasonal BD pattern). Our findings suggest that higher PBMC SCN11A expression levels may be associated with certain behavioral BD sub‐phenotypes, including lack of alcohol dependence and psychosis, among BD patients. The NaV1.9 voltage‐gated sodium channel thus deserves consideration as a tentative phenotype modifier in BD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work reported in this paper investigated the properties and use of fly ash (FA) produced from technologies developed to reduce the environmental impact and improve the efficiency of the coal-fired power generation process. These include nitrogen oxides (NOx) reduction, co-combustion, supercritical steam technology and oxy-fuel combustion. The nine FA samples examined from these technologies were characterised physically, chemically and in terms of their reactivity. Tests were also carried out to determine the consistence (slump) and compressive strength of FA concretes. Comparisons were made with a selection of reference FAs, the requirements of BS EN 450-1 and reported FA studies from the 1980s and 1990s. The results indicated that, for some technologies, the FA tended to be coarser and of higher loss on ignition (co-combustion and in-combustion NOx reduction) while, for others lower carbon contents were found (supercritical steam) or there was little obvious effect. FA chemistry was slightly affected in some cases, but mainly as expected for the coal being used. There was general agreement between water requirement and activity index with FA fineness for the materials tested. For the FA concretes, similar effects were noted in terms of the dosage of superplasticising admixture needed for a target slump and compressive strength. The behaviour of the materials from the new technologies was found to be similar to that reported in earlier studies on FA and suggests suitability for their use in concrete construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The molecular structure of trans, planar hydridotrioxygen (HOOO) has been examined by means of isotopic spectroscopy using Fourier transform microwave as well as microwave-millimeter-wave double resonance techniques, and high-level coupled cluster quantum-chemical calculations. Although this weakly bound molecule is readily observed in an electrical discharge of H2O and O2 heavily diluted in an inert buffer gas, we find that HOOO can be produced with somewhat higher abundance using H2 and O2 as precursor gases. Using equal mixtures of normal and 18O2, it has been possible to detect three new isotopic species, H18OOO, HO18O18O, and H18O18O18O. Detection of these species and not others provides compelling evidence that the dominant route to HOOO formation in our discharge is via the reaction OH + O2 → HOOO. By combining derived rotational constants with those for normal HOOO and DOOO, it has been possible to determine a fully experimental (r0) structure for this radical, in which all of the structural parameters (the three bond lengths and two angles) have been varied. This best-fit structure possesses a longer central O-O bond (1.684 Å), in agreement with earlier work, a markedly shorter O-H bond distance (0.913 Å), and a more acute ∠HOO angle (92.4°) when compared to equilibrium (re) structures obtained from quantum-chemical calculations. To better understand the origin of these discrepancies, vibrational corrections have been obtained from coupled-cluster calculations. An empirical equilibrium (reemp) structure, derived from the experimental rotational constants and theoretical vibrational corrections, gives only somewhat better agreement with the calculated equilibrium structure and large residual inertial defects, suggesting that still higher order vibrational corrections (i.e., γ terms) are needed to properly describe large-amplitude motion in HOOO. Owing to the high abundance of this oxygen-chain radical in our discharge expansion, a very wide spectral survey for other oxygen-bearing species has been undertaken between 6 and 25 GHz. Only about 50% of the observed lines have been assigned to known hydrogen-oxygen molecules or complexes, suggesting that a rich, unexplored oxygen chemistry awaits detection and characterization. Somewhat surprisingly, we find no evidence in our expansion for rotational transitions of cis HOOO or from low-lying vibrationally excited states of trans HOOO under conditions which optimize its ground state lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rotational spectra of two small silicon sulfides, silanethione H2SiS and the disilicon sulfide ring Si2S, have been detected in the centimeter band by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy of a molecular beam; lines of H2SiS were also observed in the millimeter band up to 377 GHz in a glow discharge. Precise rotational and centrifugal distortionconstants have been determined for the normal and a number of the more abundant rare isotopic species of both closed-shell molecules. Theoretical equilibrium (re) structures of H2SiS and Si2S were derived from coupled-cluster calculations that included triple and quadruple excitations, core correlation, and extrapolation to the basis-set limit. The re structures agree to within 5×10-4 Å and 0.1°with empirical equilibrium (reemp) structures derived from the experimental rotational constants, combined with theoretical vibrational and electronic corrections. Both H2SiS and Si2S are good candidates for radioastronomical detection in the circumstellar shells of evolved carbon-rich stars such as IRC+10216, because they are fairly polar and are similar in composition to the abundant astronomical molecule SiS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Diverse/rural dyads experience barriers to engagement and retention in interventions. • These barriers can be overcome by providers using specific communication strategies. • Effective communication builds trust and may lead to better outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article offers three interrelated critiques of Bourdieusian class analysis. First, Bourdieu replaces classes on paper with capitals on paper. He offers a false break from Marx in an effort to make capital more ‘relational’ via a theory of social space, but in doing so he neglects capital’s fundamental relation to labor. Second, Bourdieu offers a theory of domination without exploitation. Bourdieu’s classes live against one another, but it remains unclear how some classes might also live off of others. Third, and as a consequence of the first two missteps, he emphasizes position over production. Bourdieu typically sees ‘production’ as a form of ‘position-taking’ and as something best examined toward the top of social hierarchies. By largely ignoring labor and exploitation, he generates a theory of positions at the expense of a theory of production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vibrational excitation and relaxation of five linear polyatomic molecules, OCS, OC3S, HC3N, HC5N, and SiC2S, have been studied by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy in a supersonic expansion after the application of a low-current dc electric discharge. For each chain, the populations in bending and stretching modes have been characterized as a function of the applied discharge current; for stable OCS and HC3N, vibrational populations were studied as well in the absence of a discharge. With no discharge present the derived vibrational temperatures are slightly below T, the temperature of the gas before the supersonic expansion (i.e., 300 K). In the presence of the discharge, vibrational excitation occurs via inelastic collisions with the electrons and the vibrational temperatures rise as the applied current increases. Global vibrational relaxation is governed by rapid vibration–vibration (VV) energy transfer and slow vibration–translation (VT) energy transfer. The latter process is rate-determining and depends primarily on the wave number of the vibration. Vibrational modes with wave numbers near and below kT/hc (where T=300 K and kT/hc∼210 cm-1) are efficiently cooled by VT transfer because a sufficient number of collisions occur in the initial stages of the supersonic expansion. Vibrational modes with wave numbers around 450 cm-1 appear to be inefficiently cooled in the molecular beam; at these energies VV and VT rates are probably comparable. For high-frequency vibrations, VV energy transfer dominates. For the longer chains OC3S and HC5N, higher-lying modes are generally not detectable and vibrational temperatures of most lower-lying modes were found to be lower than those of OCS and HC3N, suggesting that as the size of the molecules increases, intermode VV transfer becomes more efficient, plausibly due to the higher density of vibrational levels. New high resolution spectroscopic data have been obtained for several vibrationally excited states of OC3S, HC3N, and HC5N. Rotational lines of the 13C and 15N isotopic species of HC5N have been measured, yielding improved rotational and centrifugal distortion constants; 14N nitrogen quadrupole coupling constants for the isotopic species of HC5N with 13C have been determined for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy has been used to investigate vibrational excitation and relaxation of diatomic molecules produced by an electric discharge in the throat of a supersonic nozzle. Rotational transitions of SO, SiO, and SiS, in vibrational states up to v=33 for [sup 32]S[sup 16]O, v=45 for [sup 28]Si[sup 16]O, and v=51 for [sup 28]Si[sup 32]S in their ground electronic states have been detected. The isotopic species [sup 33]S[sup 16]O, [sup 34]S[sup 16]O, [sup 29]Si[sup 16]O, [sup 28]Si[sup 18]O, [sup 29]Si[sup 32]S, and [sup 28]Si[sup 34]S have also been observed in highly excited vibrational states. Microwave transitions include up to v=22 for the second lowest excited electronic state b [sup 1]Σ[sup +] of SO (∼10 510 cm-1 above ground) have also been detected. Effective vibrational temperatures have been derived for each species, and a general model is proposed to qualitatively explain the observations. Vibrational excitation is caused by inelastic collisions with the hot electrons produced in the discharge. The subsequent vibrational populations are largely determined by vibration–vibration energy transfer via molecule–molecule binary collisions. Two regions can be inferred from the data: one characterized by a temperature of around 1000 K and a second region with a temperature of several thousand degrees Kelvin. Improved Dunham coefficients and correction terms for the breakdown of the Born–Oppenheimer approximation have been determined for b [sup 1]Σ[sup +] SO, X [sup 1]Σ[sup +] SiO, and X [sup 1]Σ[sup +] SiS. Nuclear spin-rotation hyperfine structure for the [sup 29]Si isotopic species of SiO and SiS has been observed in all highly excited vibrational states. © 2003 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author focuses on a moral-metaphysical proceduralism (MMP) framework in addressing parental refusal for life-saving treatment of pediatric patients, that was proposed in the article "Secular clinical ethicists should not be neutral towards all religious beliefs: An argument for a MMP," by A.L. Brummett. He explores moral metaphysics using an anatheistic hermeneutic described by philosopher Richard Kearney. Also cited are the phases of an anatheistic moment including humor and commitment.