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The relevance of gypsum materials in the context of "Eco-construction" is beyond doubt, since gypsum is exactly the building material that fully meets the requirements of ecology and environ-mental protection. Improving the efficiency of gypsum building materials by creating new modi-fied materials with improved technical and operational characteristics currently remains an im-portant and urgent task. In conditions of energy and resource saving due to the lack of the need to build new production lines and sections, this problem was solved by creating modified gypsum materials with improved functional performance properties through the use of modern highly effective modifying micro- and nano-additives. The paper discusses the effect of nanocellulose and styrene latex microadditives on the morphology and properties of gas gypsum – compressive and flexural strength, and sound absorption coefficients. We used a standard gypsum binder of the Peshelan gypsum plant grade G-6. Crystalline citric acid was used as a gas - forming agent. An aqueous emulsion butadiene-styrene latex and an aqueous suspension of nanocellulose were used as strengthening and modifying structuring microadditives.

The work is devoted to the study of the characteristics of porous gypsum concretes obtained by the methods of foaming and gas formation using an acid blowing agent. Modification of the structure of gypsum stone makes it possible to obtain materials with high strength and good heat and sound insulation characteristics. The characteristics of the durability of the material largely depend on the type of pore structure, and the creation of the required pore structure can be carried out by various methods, among which the most studied and effective are foaming, which involves the introduction of gypsum dough into a pre-prepared foam and gas formation initiated by introducing gas-forming agents into the mixture at the stage mixing. In the work, samples of foam-gypsum and gas-gypsum were made, their strength characteristics and their thermal conductivity were evaluated. Using the method of optical microscopy, a comparative assessment of the macrostructure of cellular gypsum concretes and its comparison with gypsum stone was made. Using an electronic microscope, the microstructures of gas gypsum and foam gypsum were studied at x20, x100 and x500 magnifications. Fundamental differences in the resulting structures are established. From the array of data obtained, the most effective compositions were selected, proving the prospects for the development of porous gypsum materials. Based on the analysis and generalization of the obtained experimental data, recommendations are given on the use of the obtained compositions of porous gypsum concretes in civil engineering.

VBIT-4 is a new inhibitor of the oligomerization of VDAC proteins of the outer mitochondrial membrane preventing the development of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death in various pathologies. However, as a VDAC inhibitor, VBIT-4 may itself cause mitochondrial dysfunction in healthy cells. The article examines the effect of VBIT-4 on the functional activity of rat liver mitochondria and cell cultures. We have demonstrated that high concentrations of VBIT-4 (15-30 μM) suppressed mitochondrial respiration in state 3 and 3U DNP driven by substrates of complex I and II. VBIT-4 induced depolarization of organelles fueled by substrates of complex I but not complex II of the respiratory chain. VBIT-4 has been found to inhibit the activity of complexes I, III, and IV of the respiratory chain. Molecular docking demonstrated that VBIT-4 interacts with the rotenone-binding site in complex I with similar affinity. 15-30 μM VBIT-4 caused an increase in H 2 O 2 production in mitochondria, decreased the Ca 2+ retention capacity, but increased the time of Ca 2+ -dependent mitochondrial swelling. We have found that the incubation of breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) with 30 μM VBIT-4 for 48 h led to the decrease of the mitochondrial membrane potential, an increase in ROS production and death of MCF-7 cells. The mechanism of action of VBIT-4 on mitochondria and cells is discussed., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal multisystem disease characterized by progressive death of motor neurons, loss of muscle mass, and impaired energy metabolism. More than 40 genes are now known to be associated with ALS, which together account for the majority of familial forms of ALS and only 10% of sporadic ALS cases. To date, there is no consensus on the pathogenesis of ALS, which makes it difficult to develop effective therapy. Accumulating evidence indicates that mitochondria, which play an important role in cellular homeostasis, are the earliest targets in ALS, and abnormalities in their structure and functions contribute to the development of bioenergetic stress and disease progression. Mitochondria are known to be highly dynamic organelles, and their stability is maintained through a number of key regulatory pathways. Mitochondrial homeostasis is dynamically regulated via mitochondrial biogenesis, clearance, fission/fusion, and trafficking; however, the processes providing "quality control" and distribution of the organelles are prone to dysregulation in ALS. Here, we systematically summarized changes in mitochondrial turnover, dynamics, calcium homeostasis, and alterations in mitochondrial transport and functions to provide in-depth insights into disease progression pathways, which may have a significant impact on current symptomatic therapies and personalized treatment programs for patients with ALS.

Anaferon (pediatric formulation) reduces the incidence of acute respiratory viral infections in sickly children and children with bronchial asthma and has a positive effect on the course of asthma. The preparation produces an immunomodulating effect (increases initially low IFN-gamma levels and normalizes elevated levels of IL-1beta), stimulates synthesis of IgA and IgG, exhibits cytoprotective activity, and improves local immunity of the upper airways in sickly children.

We studied efficacy of using intensive physical conditioning as prophylaxis of respiratory diseases in young children and health status of children exposed to physical conditioning in childhood (a total of 44 children aged from 1.5 months to 1 year; 58 children aged from 2.5 to 13.5 years). The proposed method of conditioning significantly diminished incidence of respiratory infections, enhanced local immunity of the upper respiratory tract and prevented development of chronic diseases at later age.

A total of 100 children with bronchopulmonary diseases were examined. Of these, in 80 bronchial asthma and in 20 children acute pneumonia were diagnosed. The deficiency of local cell mediated and humoral factors on the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tracts was established. In the squamous and columnar epithelium cells an increased destruction and cytolysis was noted leading to disturbances in the integrity of the protective barrier of the epithelial cover. In addition, this study revealed the deficiency of neutrophilic leukocytes, pronounced local eosinophilia and the low level of humoral protective factors. In acute pneumonia an increase in the amount of neutrophilic leukocytes in the secretion of the nasal cavity together with the appearance of destructive processes in epithelial cells took place. Pronounced deficiency in serum IgA and IgG was accompanied by compensatory increase in secretory IgA.

Inhalations of 1% natural brine in combination with SMC electrophoresis of 1% natural brine above the lesion proved to ensure good correction of the defense of respiratory tract mucosa and to prolong remission to 15-18 months. This method can be applied in sanatoria, in rehabilitation centers, in pulmonary disease departments.

Intensive conditioning significantly stimulates defensive factors of local and systemic immunity and aroused levels of stress hormones. In initial deficient resistance intensive training causes exhaustion of defensive reserves of child's body.

Combined use of tubage with 2% solution of natural agent Shirsal and thermovibromassage of the right hypochondrium area for biliary dyskinesia promotes normalization of biliary system motility. The course of the procedures enhances the positive clinical trend and induces remission which persists for 6-8 months.

Infants with bronchial obstruction (BO) received differentiated regimens of physiotherapy. Spastic BO was managed most successfully by a complex involving ultrasonic inhalation of broncholytics and sinusoidal modulated currents. In BO with a hypersecretory component the best results were achieved with combination of UHF electromagnetic field plus ultrasonic saline-alkaline inhalations given in 2 steps.

Children with allergic bronchitis and bronchial asthma underwent exercise therapy and training carried out on a regular basis for 9 to 15 months, which resulted in the disease relief, raised exercise tolerance, and promoted normalization of the local defence factors of the respiratory mucosa.

Confidence intervals have been used to derive the reference values of certain immune status parameters in children. Mathematical analysis has helped define such values for every age group. These values permit singling out children with normal or mean values of these parameters and with deviations from the norm in respect of the immunity status.