45 results on '"Matthew M. Crawford"'
Search Results
2. An Assessment of Negative Samples and Model Structures in Landslide Susceptibility Characterization Based on Bayesian Network Models
- Author
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Sahand Khabiri, Matthew M. Crawford, Hudson J. Koch, William C. Haneberg, and Yichuan Zhu
- Subjects
Bayesian network ,negative samples ,landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) ,uncertainty ,PISA-m ,robustness ,Science - Abstract
Landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) characterizes landslide potential, which is essential for assessing landslide risk and developing mitigation strategies. Despite the significant progress in LSM research over the past two decades, several long-standing issues, such as uncertainties related to training samples and model selection, remain inadequately addressed in the literature. In this study, we employed a physically based susceptibility model, PISA-m, to generate four different non-landslide data scenarios and combine them with mapped landslides from Magoffin County, Kentucky, for model training. We utilized two Bayesian network model structures, Naïve Bayes (NB) and Tree-Augmented Naïve Bayes (TAN), to produce LSMs based on regional geomorphic conditions. After internal validation, we evaluated the robustness and reliability of the models using an independent landslide inventory from Owsley County, Kentucky. The results revealed considerable differences between the most effective model in internal validation (AUC = 0.969), which used non-landslide samples extracted exclusively from low susceptibility areas predicted by PISA-m, and the models’ unsatisfactory performance in external validation, as manifested by the identification of only 79.1% of landslide initiation points as high susceptibility areas. The obtained results from both internal and external validation highlighted the potential overfitting problem, which has largely been overlooked by previous studies. Additionally, our findings also indicate that TAN models consistently outperformed NB models when training datasets were the same due to the ability to account for variables’ dependencies by the former.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Landslide Risk Assessment in Eastern Kentucky, USA: Developing a Regional Scale, Limited Resource Approach
- Author
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Matthew M. Crawford, Jason M. Dortch, Hudson J. Koch, Yichuan Zhu, William C. Haneberg, Zhenming Wang, and L. Sebastian Bryson
- Subjects
hazard ,risk ,landslides ,susceptibility modeling ,risk assessment ,lidar ,Science - Abstract
Rapidly changing remote sensing technologies (lidar, aerial photography, satellites) provide opportunities to improve regional-scale landslide risk mapping. However, data limitations regarding landslide hazard and exposure data influence how landslide risk is calculated. To develop risk assessments for a landslide-prone region of eastern Kentucky, USA, we assessed risk modeling and applicability using variable quality data. First, we used a risk equation that incorporated the hazard as a logistic regression landslide susceptibility model using geomorphic variables derived from lidar data. Susceptibility is calculated as a probability of occurrence. The exposure data included population, roads, railroads, and land class. Our vulnerability value was assumed to equal one (worst-case scenario for a degree of loss) and consequence data was economic cost. Results indicate 64.1 percent of the study area is classified as moderate to high socioeconomic risk. To develop a more data-limited approach, we used a 30 m slope-angle map as the hazard input and simplified exposure data. Results for the slope-based approach show the distribution of risk that is less uniform, with large areas of over-and under-prediction. Changes in the hazard and exposure inputs result in significant changes in the quality and applicability of the maps and demonstrate the broad range of risk modelling approaches.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Landslide hazard and susceptibility maps derived from satellite and remote sensing data using limit equilibrium analysis and machine learning model
- Author
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Batmyagmar Dashbold, L. Sebastian Bryson, and Matthew M. Crawford
- Subjects
Atmospheric Science ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Landslide susceptibility mapping and landslide hazard mapping are approaches used to assess the potential for landslides and predict the occurrence of landslides, respectively. We evaluated and tested a limit equilibrium approach to produce a local-scale, multi-temporal Geographic Information System (GIS)-based landslide hazard map that utilized satellite soil moisture data, soil strength and hydrologic data, and a high-resolution (1.5 m) LiDAR-derived digital elevation map (DEM). The final multi-temporal landslide hazard map was validated temporally and spatially using four study sites at known landslide locations and failure dates. The resulting product correctly indicated low factor of safety values at the study sites on the dates the landslide occurred. Also, we produced a regional-scale landslide susceptibility map using a logistic regression machine learning model using 15 variables derived from the geomorphology, soil properties, and land cover data. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used for the accuracy of the model, which yielded a success rate of 0.84. We show that using publicly available data, a multi-temporal landslide hazard map can be created that will produce a close-to-real time landslide predictive map. The landslide hazard map provides an understanding into the evolution of landslide development temporally and spatially, whereas the landslide susceptibility map indicates the probability of landslides occurring at specific locations. When used in tandem, the two mapping models are complementary to each other. Specifically, the landslide susceptibility mapping identifies the areas most susceptible to landslides while the landslide hazard mapping predicts when landslide may occur within the identified susceptible area.
- Published
- 2022
5. An Assessment of Negative Samples and Model Structures in Landslide Susceptibility Characterization Based on Bayesian Network Models
- Author
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Zhu, Sahand Khabiri, Matthew M. Crawford, Hudson J. Koch, William C. Haneberg, and Yichuan
- Subjects
Bayesian network ,negative samples ,landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) ,uncertainty ,PISA-m ,robustness ,machine learning ,Tree-Augmented Naïve Bayes (TAN) - Abstract
Landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) characterizes landslide potential, which is essential for assessing landslide risk and developing mitigation strategies. Despite the significant progress in LSM research over the past two decades, several long-standing issues, such as uncertainties related to training samples and model selection, remain inadequately addressed in the literature. In this study, we employed a physically based susceptibility model, PISA-m, to generate four different non-landslide data scenarios and combine them with mapped landslides from Magoffin County, Kentucky, for model training. We utilized two Bayesian network model structures, Naïve Bayes (NB) and Tree-Augmented Naïve Bayes (TAN), to produce LSMs based on regional geomorphic conditions. After internal validation, we evaluated the robustness and reliability of the models using an independent landslide inventory from Owsley County, Kentucky. The results revealed considerable differences between the most effective model in internal validation (AUC = 0.969), which used non-landslide samples extracted exclusively from low susceptibility areas predicted by PISA-m, and the models’ unsatisfactory performance in external validation, as manifested by the identification of only 79.1% of landslide initiation points as high susceptibility areas. The obtained results from both internal and external validation highlighted the potential overfitting problem, which has largely been overlooked by previous studies. Additionally, our findings also indicate that TAN models consistently outperformed NB models when training datasets were the same due to the ability to account for variables’ dependencies by the former.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Supplementary material to 'Slope Unit Maker (SUMak): an efficient and parameter-free algorithm for delineating slope units to improve landslide susceptibility modeling'
- Author
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Jacob B. Woodard, Benjamin B. Mirus, Nathan J. Wood, Kate E. Allstadt, Benjamin A. Leshchinsky, and Matthew M. Crawford
- Published
- 2023
7. Slope Unit Maker (SUMak): an efficient and parameter-free algorithm for delineating slope units to improve landslide susceptibility modeling
- Author
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Jacob B. Woodard, Benjamin B. Mirus, Nathan J. Wood, Kate E. Allstadt, Benjamin A. Leshchinsky, and Matthew M. Crawford
- Abstract
Slope units are terrain partitions bounded by drainage and divide lines. They provide several advantages over gridded units in landslide-susceptibility modeling, such as better capturing terrain geometry, improved incorporation of geospatial landslide-occurrence data in different formats (e.g., point and polygon), and better accommodating the varying data accuracy and precision in landslide inventories. However, the use of slope units in regional (> 100 km2) landslide susceptibility studies remains limited due, in part, to prohibitive computational costs and/or poor reproducibility with current delineation methods. We introduce a computationally efficient algorithm for the parameter-free delineation of slope units. The algorithm uses geomorphic scaling laws to define the appropriate scaling of the slope units representative of hillslope processes, avoiding the costly parameter optimization procedures of other slope unit delineation methods. We then demonstrate how slope units enable more robust regional-scale landslide susceptibility maps.
- Published
- 2023
8. Landslides Across the USA: Occurrence, Susceptibility, and Data Limitations
- Author
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Benjamin B. Mirus, Eric S. Jones, Rex L. Baum, Jonathan W. Godt, Stephen Slaughter, Matthew M. Crawford, Jeremy Lancaster, Thomas Stanley, Dalia B. Kirschbaum, William J. Burns, Robert G. Schmitt, Kassandra O. Lindsey, and Kevin M. McCoy
- Subjects
Geosciences (General) - Abstract
Detailed information about landslide occurrence is the foundation for advancing process understanding, susceptibility mapping, and risk reduction. Despite the recent revolution in digital elevation data and remote sensing technologies, landslide mapping remains resource intensive. Consequently, a modern, comprehensive map of landslide occurrence across the United States (USA) has not been compiled. As a first step toward this goal, we present a national-scale compilation of existing, publicly available landslide inventories. This geodatabase can be downloaded in its entirety or viewed through an online, searchable map, with parsimonious attributes and direct links to the contributing sources with additional details. The mapped spatial pattern and concentration of landslides are consistent with prior characterization of susceptibility within the conterminous USA, with some notable exceptions on the West Coast. Although the database is evolving and known to be incomplete in many regions, it confirms that landslides do occur across the country, thus highlighting the importance of our national-scale assessment. The map illustrates regions where high-quality mapping has occurred and, in contrast, where additional resources could improve confidence in landslide characterization. For example, borders between states and other jurisdictions are quite apparent, indicating the variation in approaches to data collection by different agencies and disparity between the resources dedicated to landslide characterization. Further investigations are needed to better assess susceptibility and to determine whether regions with high relief and steep topography, but without mapped landslides, require further landslide inventory mapping. Overall, this map provides a new resource for accessing information about known landslides across the USA.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Measuring ground surface elevation changes in a slow-moving colluvial landslide using combinations of regional airborne lidar, UAV lidar and UAV photogrammetric surveys
- Author
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Sarah E. Johnson, William C. Haneberg, L. Sebastian Bryson, and Matthew M. Crawford
- Subjects
Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Geology ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology - Abstract
Slow-moving, chronically destructive landslides are projected to grow in number globally in response to precipitation increases from climate change, and land disturbances from wildfire, mining and construction. In the Cincinnati and northern Kentucky metropolitan area, USA, landslides develop in colluvium that covers the steep slopes along the Ohio River and its tributaries. Here we quantify elevation changes in a slow-moving colluvial landslide over 14 years using county-wide lidar, uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) structure-from-motion (SfM) surveys and a UAV lidar survey. Because the technology and quality differ between surveys, the challenge was to calculate a threshold of detectable change for each survey combination. We introduce two methods; the first uses propagated elevation difference errors and the second back-calculates the individual survey errors. Thresholds of detection range from ±0.05 to ±0.20 m. Record rainfall in 2011 produced the largest vertical changes. Since then, the landslide toe has continued to deform, and the landslide has doubled its width by extending into a previously undisturbed slope. Although this study presents a technique to utilize older datasets in combination with modern surveys to monitor slow-moving landslides, it is broadly applicable to other studies where topographic data of differing quality are available.
- Published
- 2023
10. Landslides across the USA: occurrence, susceptibility, and data limitations
- Author
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Stephen L. Slaughter, Dalia Kirschbaum, Robert G. Schmitt, William J. Burns, Matthew M. Crawford, Thomas Stanley, Jeremy T. Lancaster, Jonathan W. Godt, Kevin M. McCoy, Rex L. Baum, Kassandra O. Lindsey, Eric S. Jones, and Benjamin B. Mirus
- Subjects
Resource (biology) ,Data collection ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Spatial database ,Landslide ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,01 natural sciences ,Geography ,Remote sensing (archaeology) ,Natural hazard ,Common spatial pattern ,Cartography ,Data limitations ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Detailed information about landslide occurrence is the foundation for advancing process understanding, susceptibility mapping, and risk reduction. Despite the recent revolution in digital elevation data and remote sensing technologies, landslide mapping remains resource intensive. Consequently, a modern, comprehensive map of landslide occurrence across the United States (USA) has not been compiled. As a first step toward this goal, we present a national-scale compilation of existing, publicly available landslide inventories. This geodatabase can be downloaded in its entirety or viewed through an online, searchable map, with parsimonious attributes and direct links to the contributing sources with additional details. The mapped spatial pattern and concentration of landslides are consistent with prior characterization of susceptibility within the conterminous USA, with some notable exceptions on the West Coast. Although the database is evolving and known to be incomplete in many regions, it confirms that landslides do occur across the country, thus highlighting the importance of our national-scale assessment. The map illustrates regions where high-quality mapping has occurred and, in contrast, where additional resources could improve confidence in landslide characterization. For example, borders between states and other jurisdictions are quite apparent, indicating the variation in approaches to data collection by different agencies and disparity between the resources dedicated to landslide characterization. Further investigations are needed to better assess susceptibility and to determine whether regions with high relief and steep topography, but without mapped landslides, require further landslide inventory mapping. Overall, this map provides a new resource for accessing information about known landslides across the USA.
- Published
- 2020
11. Using landslide-inventory mapping for a combined bagged-trees and logistic-regression approach to determining landslide susceptibility in eastern Kentucky, USA
- Author
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Matthew M. Crawford, Ashton A. Killen, Lindsey S. Bryson, Hudson J. Koch, Junfeng Zhu, Jason M. Dortch, Yichuan Zhu, and William C. Haneberg
- Subjects
Mean curvature ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Elevation ,Geology ,Landslide ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,Curvature ,01 natural sciences ,Standard deviation ,Thematic map ,Statistics ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Range (statistics) ,Digital elevation model ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
High-resolution LiDAR-derived datasets from a 1.5 m digital elevation model and a detailed landslide inventory (n ≥ 1000) for Magoffin County, Kentucky, USA were used to develop a combined machine-learning and statistical approach to improve geomorphic-based landslide-susceptibility mapping. An initial dataset of 36 variables was compiled to investigate the connection between slope morphology and landslide occurrence. Bagged trees, a machine-learning random-forest classifier, was used to evaluate the geomorphic variables, and 12 were identified as important: standard deviation of plan curvature, standard deviation of elevation, sum of plan curvature, minimum slope, mean plan curvature, range of elevation, sum of roughness, mean curvature, sum of curvature, mean roughness, minimum curvature and standard deviation of curvature. These variables were further evaluated using logistic regression to determine the probability of landslide occurrence and then used to create a landslide-susceptibility map. The performance of the logistic-regression model was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve, area under the curve, which was 0.83. Standard deviations from the probability mean were used to set landslide-susceptibility classifications: low (0–0.10), low–moderate (0.11–0.27), moderate (0.28–0.44), moderate–high (0.45–0.61) and high (0.62–1.0). Logistic-regression results were validated by using a separate landslide inventory for the neighbouring Prestonsburg 7.5-minute quadrangle, and running the same regression function. Results indicate that 74.9% of the landslide deposits were identified as having moderate, moderate–high or high landslide susceptibility. Combining inventory mapping with statistical modelling identified important geomorphic variables and produced a useful approach to landslide-susceptibility mapping. Supplementary material: The statistical data used in the combined machine-learning functions are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5351313.v3 Thematic collection: This article is part of the Digitization and Digitalization in engineering geology and hydrogeology collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/digitization-and-digitalization-in-engineering-geology-and-hydrogeology
- Published
- 2021
12. Long-term landslide monitoring using soil-water relationships and electrical data to estimate suction stress
- Author
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L. Sebastian Bryson, Zhenming Wang, Edward W. Woolery, and Matthew M. Crawford
- Subjects
Geotechnical investigation ,Constitutive equation ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Geology ,Landslide ,02 engineering and technology ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,01 natural sciences ,Water potential ,Shear strength (soil) ,Vadose zone ,Soil water ,Environmental science ,Geotechnical engineering ,Water content ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Soil-moisture fluctuation in the unsaturated zone of shallow colluvial landslides is influenced by many geologic, geomorphic, and seasonal conditions. Long-term field monitoring of variables such as water content, water potential, and electrical conductivity that can establish relationships used for geotechnical and landslide hazard investigations is deficient, particularly in regard to the shallow unsaturated zone. In addition, using electrical-conductivity data as a means to calculate related parameters such as shear strength and suction stress is even less common. The hydrologic conditions in the soil, rainfall, and movement were monitored within an active landslide in southeastern Kentucky to (1) assess soil moisture fluctuations within the landslide and (2) establish soil-water relationships across the slope using constitutive models and a new equation for predicting suction stress. In-situ measurements of volumetric water content and water potential were used in a framework that incorporates electrical conductivity to estimate unsaturated soil properties (soil-water characteristic curves) and suction stress. The framework proves that the relative constitutive equations are valid for long-term soil hydrologic monitoring and that electrical data can be used as a predictor of suction stress. The practical application of developing this framework is to further the understanding of the dynamic movement of water through shallow colluvial soils, which can support landslide hazard and geotechnical investigations.
- Published
- 2019
13. LANDSLIDE-SUSCEPTIBILITY MAPPING AND RISK ASSESSMENT, EASTERN KENTUCKY
- Author
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Hudson J. Koch, William C. Haneberg, Ashton A. Killen, Jason M. Dortch, and Matthew M. Crawford
- Subjects
Geography ,Landslide susceptibility ,Risk assessment ,Cartography - Published
- 2020
14. Using 2-D electrical resistivity imaging for joint geophysical and geotechnical characterization of shallow landslides
- Author
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Matthew M. Crawford, L. Sebastian Bryson, Zhenming Wang, and Edward W. Woolery
- Subjects
geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Bedrock ,Landslide ,Geophysics ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Electrical resistivity and conductivity ,Geotechnical engineering ,Electrical resistivity tomography ,Water content ,Shear strength (discontinuity) ,Joint (geology) ,Geology ,Soil mechanics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Electrical resistivity has become an increasingly popular technique for landslide investigations, providing insight into landslide type, location of the failure zone, differentiating soil and bedrock interfaces, and identifying areas of excess moisture. Using electrical resistivity as a tool to assess geotechnical properties of the landslide mass is often underutilized, however. Geophysical and geotechnical data sets for landslide investigations are commonly acquired independently in order to answer different questions. The non-unique solutions to electrical resistivity measurements are rarely correlated with geotechnical properties, such as water potential and shear strength. This study presents electrical resistivity data collected at two shallow colluvial landslides in Kentucky. A field-based framework was developed using modified soil-water characteristic curves and in-situ electrical conductivity measurements that allows 2-D electrical resistivity measurements to be a predictor of shear strength. The methodology incorporates in-situ field measurements of volumetric water content, water potential, and electrical conductivity within a framework to demonstrate that surface electrical resistivity can be used to highlight strength throughout the slope.
- Published
- 2018
15. Assessment of active landslides using field electrical measurements
- Author
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Matthew M. Crawford and L. Sebastian Bryson
- Subjects
Lithology ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Geology ,Landslide ,02 engineering and technology ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,01 natural sciences ,Electrical resistance and conductance ,Slope stability ,Electrical measurements ,Geotechnical engineering ,Shear strength (discontinuity) ,Water content ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Colluvium - Abstract
Landslide characterization and hazard assessments require multidisciplinary approaches that connect geologic processes with geotechnical parameters. Preexisting landslide activity, geology and geomorphology, soil strength, and hydrologic conditions are complex factors that affect landslide behavior. Often, the connections among these factors are not made for hazard assessments, forecasting, or slope stability modeling. Therefore, geophysical and geotechnical techniques for landslide investigations are typically assessed independently. This study aims to bring together different techniques to develop a methodology that connects electrical measurements and shear strength. A framework has been developed for using electrical resistivity measurements that will support and facilitate the prediction of shear strength within a slope. In-situ volumetric water content, soil-water potential (suction), and electrical conductivity were measured from two shallow colluvial landslides in Kentucky. Repeated surface electrical resistivity survey measurements were used to characterize the failure zone and lithology, and to compare with the in-situ hydrologic measurements. The data show that subsurface moisture conditions over time can be reflected in the inversions of repeated ER surveys, thus allowing electrical measurements and geotechnical parameters to be correlated. This study demonstrates that electrical resistivity can be used as a tool for landslide monitoring and to assess shear strength. These parameters are pertinent to investigating the stability of landslides that are often triggered or reactivated by rainfall.
- Published
- 2018
16. Prediction of seasonal variation of in-situ hydrologic behavior using an analytical transient infiltration model
- Author
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Faisal S. Ahmed, L. Sebastian Bryson, and Matthew M. Crawford
- Subjects
Hydrology ,Suction ,Flux ,Geology ,Landslide ,Seasonality ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,medicine.disease ,Stability (probability) ,Infiltration (hydrology) ,Evapotranspiration ,medicine ,Environmental science ,Water content - Abstract
Rainfall-induced landslides pose serious threats to civil infrastructure and human life. Stability in a hillslope environment is a function of the hydrologic behavior. The variations in hydrologic behavior are driven by variations in climatological events such as rainfall and evapotranspiration. Thus, because the variations in climatological events are seasonal, prediction of seasonal variation in hydrologic behavior is critical for the prediction of landslides. However, most prediction methods only consider changes to hillslope hydrologic behavior due to rainfall and exclude the contribution of evapotranspiration. This approach does not allow for a complete analysis of the hydrologic behavior during seasonal cycles wetting and drying. Including evapotranspiration constitutes a significant improvement for early warning systems that are based on real-time seasonal hydrologic events. This study presents the development and implementation of an analytical transient infiltration model to predict seasonal variation of soil hydrologic behavior during a complete cycle of a season. The model was applied to three landslide sites in Kentucky. In-situ measurements of volumetric water-content and soil suction allowed for evaluation of seasonal soil moisture and suction fluctuations. Both rainfall and evapotranspiration were considered within a framework that facilitated the prediction of soil suction and volumetric water-content with transient surface flux. In addition, this model only requires unsaturated soil parameters based on the drying season to predict soil hydrologic behavior in the wetting season. The predicted soil hydrologic behavior can be applied directly to a limit equilibrium equation to estimate seasonal variations and the stability of a slope. The practical application of this study is the prediction of seasonal variation of hydrologic data for any site once calibrated, which will support a more realistic assessment of landslide hazards.
- Published
- 2021
17. PRELIMINARY LANDSLIDE MAPPING AND HAZARD ASSESSMENT RESULTS FOR MAGOFFIN COUNTY, KENTUCKY
- Author
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Ashton A. Killen, Jason M. Dortch, Hudson J. Koch, and Matthew M. Crawford
- Subjects
Landslide ,Hazard analysis ,Cartography ,Geology - Published
- 2019
18. AN INTERACTIVE NATIONAL-SCALE MAP OF LANDSLIDE OCCURRENCE ACROSS THE UNITED STATES
- Author
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Thomas Stanley, Stephen L. Slaughter, Jeremy T. Lancaster, Jonathan W. Godt, Benjamin B. Mirus, Eric S. Jones, Kassandra O. Lindsey, Matthew M. Crawford, William J. Burns, and Rex L. Baum
- Subjects
Landslide ,Cartography ,Geology - Published
- 2019
19. Landslide Inventory and Susceptibility Models, Prestonsburg 7.5-min Quadrangle, Kentucky, USA
- Author
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Hannah C. Chapella, Abdul Shakoor, William C. Haneberg, and Matthew M. Crawford
- Subjects
geography ,Plateau ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Landslide ,Terrain ,Vegetation ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,Fault scarp ,01 natural sciences ,Head (geology) ,Quadrangle ,Lidar ,Physical geography ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
The Cumberland Plateau of eastern Kentucky is a forested and landslide prone area dominated by narrow ridges, steep slopes, and, in many places, terrain disturbed by past and current coal mining. The bedrock geology of the region comprises flat-lying Paleozoic shales, sandstones, siltstones, and coals; the vegetation is temperate deciduous forest sustained by average annual precipitation of about 125 cm. We undertook a pilot project to develop an extensible airborne LiDAR based landslide mapping protocol and create landslide inventory maps of the Prestonsburg, Kentucky, 7.5-min quadrangle, which we will ultimately use to support landslide susceptibility models of the areas. Arcuate head scarps, bulging toes, displaced drainage paths, and hummocky topography define landslides throughout the study area. Supplementary topographic roughness, topographic curvature, and bedrock geology maps, along with aerial photographs and a focused program of field checking, helped to confirm mapped features as landslides. We will collect samples for geotechnical testing and combine the results with a LiDAR based DEM to create susceptibility maps using both the physics-based probabilistic computer code PISA-m and empirical logistic regression models. If successful, our protocol may be implemented statewide and the results made available through an online database, serving as a resource for residents and professionals.
- Published
- 2018
20. REVISING A GEOLOGIC HAZARD ASSESSMENT TO UPDATE KENTUCKY'S MITIGATION PLAN
- Author
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Charles Taylor, Stephen F. Greb, Michael J. Lynch, William M. Andrews, Matthew M. Crawford, and Zhenming Wang
- Subjects
Geologic hazards ,Plan (archaeology) ,Environmental science ,Environmental planning - Published
- 2018
21. Geologic, Geotechnical, and Geophysical Investigation of a Shallow Landslide, Eastern Kentucky
- Author
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Matthew M. Crawford, Junfeng Zhu, and Steven E. Webb
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,Stratigraphy ,Appalachian Region ,Landslide classification ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Geotechnical engineering ,Landslide ,Geophysics ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,Geomorphology ,Geology ,Groundwater ,Colluvium - Abstract
Shallow colluvial landslides are common in eastern Kentucky, as well as in the east-central Appalachian region. A geological, geotechnical, and geophysical investigation was carried out for a shallow colluvial landslide in Boyd County, KY. The purpose of this project was to assess the geologic conditions, extent, and behavior of a rainfall-triggered landslide in eastern Kentucky and to evaluate the use of electrical resistivity as a tool to characterize a shallow colluvial landslide. This study showed that 1) colluvial landslide movement is correlated to the rainfall and 2) inverted resistivity sections with distinct resistivity contrasts that correlated to landslide stratigraphy, depth of the failure surface, and groundwater regimes.
- Published
- 2015
22. Improved Karst Sinkhole Mapping in Kentucky Using Lidar Techniques: A Pilot Study in Floyds
- Author
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Timothy Taylor, James C. Currens, Matthew M. Crawford, and Junfeng Zhu
- Subjects
geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Lidar ,Light detection ,Sinkhole ,Lidar data ,Digital elevation model ,Karst ,Geomorphology ,Geology ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
The existing sinkhole database for Kentucky is based on low-resolution topographic maps created more than fifty years ago. LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is a relatively recent technique that rapidly and accurately measures features on earth’s surface in high-resolution. To test the feasibility of using LiDAR to map sinkholes in Kentucky, we have developed a method of processing LiDAR data to identify sinkholes and tested the method in portions of the Floyds Fork watershed in central Kentucky. The method consisted of four steps, creating a high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) from LiDAR data, extracting surface depression features from the DEM, inspecting the depression features for probable sinkholes, and verifying the probable sinkholes in the field. A total of 1,683 probable sinkholes were identified in the study area, compared to 383 previously mapped for the same area. We field-checked 121 randomly-selected probable sinkholes and confirmed that 106 of them were karst sinkholes. This method increased the number of sinkholes by a factor of four with a success rate between 80% and 93% for the study area, demonstrating that the LiDAR sinkhole-mapping method is reliable and efficient. This method identified approximately 55% of the previously mapped sinkholes, and approximately 98% of the missed sinkholes appeared to be filled or covered for urban development and agriculture purposes. The next step is to extend this method to provide high-resolution sinkhole maps for other karst areas in Kentucky where LiDAR data become available.
- Published
- 2014
23. ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY IMAGING OF A MULTIPLE ROCKSLIDE, PITTSBURGH, PA
- Author
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Alex R. Fiore, Francis X. Ashland, Clara Rose Rucker, and Matthew M. Crawford
- Subjects
Rockslide ,Electrical resistivity tomography ,Geology ,Seismology - Published
- 2017
24. USING ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY TO ASSESS LANDSLIDES: EXAMPLES FROM KENTUCKY AND PENNSYLVANIA
- Author
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Matthew M. Crawford
- Subjects
Electrical resistivity and conductivity ,Geotechnical engineering ,Landslide ,Geology - Published
- 2017
25. LIDAR-BASED LANDSLIDE INVENTORY AND SUSCEPTIBILITY, PRESTONSBURG 7.5-MINUTE QUADRANGLE, KY
- Author
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Matthew M. Crawford, Hannah C. Chapella, and William C. Haneberg
- Subjects
Lidar ,Quadrangle ,Landslide ,Geomorphology ,Geology - Published
- 2017
26. Earthquake and landslide hazard assessment, communication, and mitigation in Kentucky
- Author
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Zhenming Wang, N. Seth Carpenter, and Matthew M. Crawford
- Subjects
Earthquake scenario ,Mining engineering ,Geology ,Landslide hazard assessment - Published
- 2016
27. GEOPHYSICAL AND GEOTECHNICAL FIELD CORRELATIONS OF THE DOE RUN LANDSLIDE, NORTHERN KENTUCKY
- Author
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Lindsey S. Bryson and Matthew M. Crawford
- Subjects
Geotechnical engineering ,Landslide ,Field (geography) ,Geology - Published
- 2016
28. Caregiver Burden Associated With Pediatric Chronic Pain: A Retrospective Study Using the Pediatric Electronic Persistent Pain Outcomes Collaboration Database.
- Author
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Ngo D, Palmer GM, Gorrie A, Kenmuir T, Crawford M, and Jaaniste T
- Subjects
- Adult, Adolescent, Humans, Child, Retrospective Studies, Caregiver Burden, Cross-Sectional Studies, Caregivers psychology, Electronics, Quality of Life, Chronic Pain
- Abstract
Objectives: This retrospective, cross-sectional study investigated the nature and extent of burden experienced by caregivers of children and adolescents with chronic pain, and factors associated with increased caregiver burden., Methods: The Pediatric Electronic Persistent Pain Outcomes Collaboration database provided prospectively collected data from 1929 families attending 9 pediatric chronic pain services across Australia and New Zealand. Data included demographic information, responses to child pain and functioning measures, caregiver work impairment, and psychosocial functioning., Results: Caregivers of children with chronic pain reported work impairment associated with their child's pain (mean: 15% ± SD 25 absenteeism; 38% ± SD 29 productivity lost), significantly worse than published international population norms (large-scale community survey data), most other caregiver samples of adults and children with other chronic conditions, and adult samples with various pain conditions. Caregivers reported considerable burden in multiple psychosocial functioning domains, particularly leisure functioning, pain-related catastrophizing, and adverse parenting behaviors (with greater pain-related avoidance). Caregiver psychosocial burden was significantly associated with child psychosocial functioning (β = -0.308, P < 0.01), school absenteeism (β = 0.161, P < 0.01), physical disability (β = 0.096, P < 0.05), and pain duration (β = 0.084, P < 0.05), but not pain intensity. Caregiver work productivity loss was significantly associated with school absenteeism (β = 0.290, P < 0.01), child physical disability (β = 0.148, P < 0.01), child health care utilization (β = 0.118, P < 0.05), and worst pain intensity (β = 0.101, P < 0.05)., Discussion: These results highlight the significant and varied impacts experienced by caregivers of children with chronic pain. This work is novel in reporting significant work impairment and confirms psychosocial burden in a larger sample than previous studies., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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29. Predicting the Need for Transition from Pediatric to Adult Pain Services: A Retrospective, Longitudinal Study Using the Electronic Persistent Pain Outcome Collaboration (ePPOC) Databases.
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Champion J, Crawford M, and Jaaniste T
- Abstract
A proportion of youth with chronic pain do not respond to interdisciplinary pain management and may require transition to adult pain services. This study sought to characterize a cohort of patients referred to pediatric pain services who subsequently required referral to an adult pain service. We compared this transition group with pediatric patients eligible by age to transition but who did not transition to adult services. We sought to identify factors predicting the need to transition to adult pain services. This retrospective study utilized linkage data from the adult electronic Persistent Pain Outcomes Collaboration (ePPOC) and the pediatric (PaedePPOC) data repositories. The transition group experienced significantly higher pain intensity and disability, lower quality of life, and higher health care utilization relative to the comparison group. Parents of the transition group reported greater distress, catastrophizing, and helplessness relative to parents in the comparison group. Three factors significantly predicted transition: compensation status (OR = 4.21 (1.185-15)), daily anti-inflammatory medication use (OR = 2 (1.028-3.9)), and older age at referral (OR = 1.6 (1.3-2.17)). This study demonstrated that patients referred to pediatric pain services who subsequently need transition to adult services are a uniquely disabled and vulnerable group beyond comparative peers. Clinical applications for transition-specific care are discussed.
- Published
- 2023
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30. Factors That Influence the Speed and Completion of Double Balloon Enteroscopy in Patients with Arteriovenous Malformations.
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Saunders H, Ghoz H, Cortes P, Alsafi W, Mzaik O, Ciofoaia V, Kroner P, Rodriguez A, Kesler A, Koralewski A, Crawford M, Lukens F, Stark M, Brahmbhatt B, and Stancampiano F
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Middle Aged, Double-Balloon Enteroscopy methods, Intestine, Small, Retrospective Studies, Intestinal Diseases therapy, Arteriovenous Malformations diagnostic imaging, Arteriovenous Malformations surgery
- Abstract
Background: Double balloon enteroscopy remains a resource and time-intensive procedure that is not available in many endoscopy units., Aims: We aimed to identify variables impacting the speed and completion of double balloon enteroscopy., Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 550 patients. Using a mean time and distance for both the antegrade and retrograde approach, we determined the procedure speed and assessed factors that influenced it. In addition, we assessed the factors that contributed to a complete double balloon enteroscopy., Results: A total of 386 antegrade and 164 retrograde double balloon enteroscopies were performed. Greater than 10 AVMs requiring treatment was a negative predictor (AOR 0.25, CI 0.11-0.51, p < 0.001), whereas age greater than 60 years (AOR 2.66, CI 1.18-6.65, p = 0.025) was a positive predictor of a fast antegrade enteroscopy. For retrograde, prior abdominal surgery was the only factor that trended to significance (AOR 0.38, CI 0.14-0.99, p = 0.052). A total of 120 combined procedures were performed. Female gender (AOR 2.62, CI 1.16-6.24, p = 0.02), history of prior abdominal surgery (AOR 0.31, CI 0.13-0.70, p = 0.006) and Boston bowel pre-preparation score of greater than 6 (AOR 4.50, CI 1.59-14.30, p = 0.006) were the only significant predictors of a complete procedure., Conclusion: By applying double balloon enteroscopy speed, a novel method of measuring procedure efficiency, we were able to more reliably identify the factors that will negatively impact the speed and success of the procedure., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2023
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31. Apixaban Use in Obese Patients: A Review of the Pharmacokinetic, Interventional, and Observational Study Data.
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Jamieson MJ, Byon W, Dettloff RW, Crawford M, Gargalovic PS, Merali SJ, Onorato J, Quintero AJ, and Russ C
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- Humans, Pyridones adverse effects, Warfarin therapeutic use, Anticoagulants therapeutic use, Obesity complications, Obesity drug therapy, Administration, Oral, Observational Studies as Topic, Venous Thromboembolism drug therapy, Atrial Fibrillation drug therapy, Stroke epidemiology
- Abstract
Relatively little is known about the influence of extreme body weight on the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), efficacy, and safety of drugs used in many disease states. While direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have an advantage over warfarin in that they do not require routine drug monitoring, some may regard this convenience as less compelling in obese patients. Some consensus guidelines discourage using DOACs in patients weighing > 120 kg or with a body mass index > 35-40 kg/m
2 , given a sparsity of available data in this population and the concern that fixed dosing in obese patients might lead to decreased drug exposure and lower efficacy. Per the prescribing information, apixaban does not require dose adjustment in patients weighing above a certain threshold (e.g., ≥ 120 kg). Data from healthy volunteers and patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) or venous thromboembolism (VTE) have shown that increased body weight has a modest effect on apixaban's PK. However, the paucity of exposure data in individuals > 120 kg and the lack of guideline consensus on DOAC use in obese patients continue to raise concerns about potential decreased drug exposure at extreme weight. This article is the first to comprehensively review the available PK data in obese individuals without NVAF or VTE, and PK, PD, efficacy, effectiveness, and safety data for apixaban in obese patients with either NVAF or VTE, including subgroup analyses across randomized controlled trials and observational (real-world) studies. These data suggest that obesity does not substantially influence the efficacy, effectiveness, or safety of apixaban in these patients. Trial Registration ARISTOTLE: NCT00412984; AVERROES: NCT00496769; AMPLIFY: NCT00643201; AMPLIFY-EXT: NCT00633893; ADVANCE-1: NCT00371683; ADVANCE-2: NCT00452530; ADVANCE-3: NCT00423319 Apixaban Use in Obese Patients: A Review of the Pharmacokinetic, Interventional, and Observational Study Data (MP4 161.22 MB)., (© 2022. © Pfizer.)- Published
- 2022
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32. Safety and Diagnostic Yield of Transthoracic Needle Aspiration of the Lung in Elderly Patients.
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Willey D, Garcia-Saucedo J, Stancampiano F, Heckman MG, Klopman Z, Koralewski A, Crawford M, and Johnson MM
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- Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Male, Postoperative Complications etiology, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Biopsy, Needle adverse effects, Lung Neoplasms pathology, Postoperative Complications epidemiology, Solitary Pulmonary Nodule pathology
- Abstract
Background: Pulmonary nodules in elderly patients are commonly encountered in clinical practice. Tissue sampling with image guided transthoracic needle aspiration is often performed but may be complicated by pneumothorax or bleeding. To understand the outcomes of transthoracic needle aspiration in the elderly, we retrospectively reviewed outcomes of patients age 75 or greater in a single tertiary center., Methods: Four-hundred eleven patients age 75 or greater with a pulmonary nodule identified on computed tomography who underwent needle aspiration of the lung were studied. Diagnostic yield and procedural complications were assessed for each patient and subgroups analysis of those age 85 or greater was performed., Results: Malignancy was confirmed in 70% of subjects and a benign diagnosis identified in 9%. Of the 411 patents, 203 (49.4%) experienced a complication; 150 patients (36.5%) developed a pneumothorax and 79 (19.2%) had bleeding. No patient required transfusion, experienced persistent air leak or massive hemoptysis, air embolism or death. Post procedural hospitalization was required in 36 patients (8.8%) with a median hospital stay of 2 days. No factors were identified to be associated with occurrence of a complication (all p ≥ 0.16) and complications were not increased in those 85 or greater., Conclusion: Our results suggest that in an elderly population, image guided needle aspiration of a pulmonary nodule provides diagnostic findings in most patients. Procedural complications following are not uncommon but the severity and long-term impact are limited. The occurrence of complications is similar in those age 75-84 and age 85 and older.
- Published
- 2021
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33. The RESOLUTE consortium: unlocking SLC transporters for drug discovery.
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Superti-Furga G, Lackner D, Wiedmer T, Ingles-Prieto A, Barbosa B, Girardi E, Goldmann U, Gürtl B, Klavins K, Klimek C, Lindinger S, Liñeiro-Retes E, Müller AC, Onstein S, Redinger G, Reil D, Sedlyarov V, Wolf G, Crawford M, Everley R, Hepworth D, Liu S, Noell S, Piotrowski M, Stanton R, Zhang H, Corallino S, Faedo A, Insidioso M, Maresca G, Redaelli L, Sassone F, Scarabottolo L, Stucchi M, Tarroni P, Tremolada S, Batoulis H, Becker A, Bender E, Chang YN, Ehrmann A, Müller-Fahrnow A, Pütter V, Zindel D, Hamilton B, Lenter M, Santacruz D, Viollet C, Whitehurst C, Johnsson K, Leippe P, Baumgarten B, Chang L, Ibig Y, Pfeifer M, Reinhardt J, Schönbett J, Selzer P, Seuwen K, Bettembourg C, Biton B, Czech J, de Foucauld H, Didier M, Licher T, Mikol V, Pommereau A, Puech F, Yaligara V, Edwards A, Bongers BJ, Heitman LH, IJzerman AP, Sijben HJ, van Westen GJP, Grixti J, Kell DB, Mughal F, Swainston N, Wright-Muelas M, Bohstedt T, Burgess-Brown N, Carpenter L, Dürr K, Hansen J, Scacioc A, Banci G, Colas C, Digles D, Ecker G, Füzi B, Gamsjäger V, Grandits M, Martini R, Troger F, Altermatt P, Doucerain C, Dürrenberger F, Manolova V, Steck AL, Sundström H, Wilhelm M, and Steppan CM
- Subjects
- Biological Transport, Humans, Drug Discovery methods, Pharmaceutical Preparations metabolism, Solute Carrier Proteins metabolism
- Published
- 2020
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34. Ethnic Variation in Satisfaction and Appearance Concerns in Adolescents With Idiopathic Scoliosis Undergoing Posterior Spinal Fusion With Instrumentation.
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Theologis AA, Crawford M, and Diab M
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- Adolescent, Black or African American ethnology, Asian People ethnology, Ethnicity, Female, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Male, Postoperative Period, Scoliosis surgery, Surveys and Questionnaires, White People ethnology, Personal Satisfaction, Physical Appearance, Body ethnology, Scoliosis ethnology, Scoliosis psychology, Spinal Fusion instrumentation
- Abstract
Study Design: Cohort analysis., Objective: Document satisfaction with management and appearance concerns in children of different ethnicity who underwent spinal fusion/instrumentation for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS)., Summary of Background Data: Scoliosis Research Society Questionnaire (SRS-30) outcomes in AIS indicate a link between appearance and satisfaction as well as ethnic variation in appearance domain. Exploration of these findings in the Scoliosis Appearance Questionnaire (SAQ) will allow better understanding of ethnic variation in appearance concerns., Methods: Children with AIS who underwent posterior-only operations and completed the SAQ's question 31 were identified. Univariate logistic regression of SAQ questions 12-30 was used to assess relationships with ethnicity., Results: 1,977 children [boys: 281, girls: 1,290, unspecified: 406; average age 15.1 ± 2.0 years preoperatively and 817 children (boys: 113, girls: 569, unspecified: 135; average age 15.1 ± 2.0 years) at 2 years' follow-up met inclusion criteria. The majority were Caucasian (57.3%). Few were Hispanic (3.4%). Preoperatively, the largest percentage of patients in each ethnic group answered "very true" to "wanting to be more even." Preoperatively, Asians were least likely to be concerned about evenness of shoulders, hips, waist, ribs, and chest in back (p < .05); however, they expressed greatest concern about height (p < .05). African Americans and Hispanics were more likely to be concerned about breast evenness and anterior chest and looking better in clothes (p < .05). African Americans were most concerned about overall evenness and evenness of shoulders, hips, waist, ribs, posterior chest, leg length, and looking more attractive (p < .05). Surgical scar was most important postoperatively for all ethnicities. African Americans and Hispanics were more self-conscious about scar (p < .05). African Americans were most likely to want to be more even and have more even shoulders, hips, waist, leg lengths, ribs, breasts, and chest postoperatively., Conclusions: Ethnicity influenced appearance concerns in pre- and postoperative SAQ evaluation. Ethnic variation in appearance concerns should be taken into account and differentiated when counseling patients about AIS and surgical correction., Level of Evidence: Level III., (Copyright © 2017 Scoliosis Research Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
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35. Diabetes area patent participation analysis - part II: years 2011-2016.
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Boehm M, Crawford M, Moscovitz JE, and Carpino PA
- Subjects
- Blood Glucose drug effects, Diabetes Complications prevention & control, Diabetes Mellitus physiopathology, Disease Progression, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents adverse effects, Insulin administration & dosage, Insulin-Secreting Cells metabolism, Patents as Topic, Diabetes Mellitus drug therapy, Drug Design, Hypoglycemic Agents pharmacology
- Abstract
Introduction: Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by elevated levels of plasma glucose. When untreated, diabetes increases the risk of developing co-morbidities such as cardiovascular disease. Several drugs, often used as part of combination therapies, have been approved to treat the disease, but these drugs will eventually fail to effectively control blood glucose levels, at which point insulin replacement therapy is required. A medical need exists for new antidiabetic drugs that exhibit good efficacy with improved safety/toleration profiles and can be added on top of existing therapies, or that can provide additional benefits beyond glucose lowering such as pancreatic beta (β)-cell protection., Areas Covered: This review analyzes drug targets and applicants of patents that published between 2011-2016 claiming novel small or large molecules for the treatment of diabetes, and compares the results to the 2008-2010 time period., Expert Opinion: A majority of patent activity around the discovery of new antidiabetic drugs in 2011-2016 was directed against 15 targets, most of which were also the focus of drug discovery efforts in the 2008-2010 time period. The top targets by total patent counts were DPP4, GLP1R, INSR, GPR119, and SGLT2 (SLC5A2). With the exception of GPR119, these are the pharmacological targets of some of the best-selling antidiabetic drugs currently on the market. The top targets of patent families with the largest size counts, a metric useful in assessing patent value and applicant interest, were AMPK, CALCR, DPP4, and GLP1R. The patent analysis identified several emerging targets with greater patent activity in 2011-2016 compared to 2008-2010, including FFAR1, FFAR4, and FGFR1. Most of the patent activity in 2011-2016 was directed at established and precedented diabetes targets, the modulation of which may lead to improvements in glucose control and a delay in the progression of the disease. Few targets were identified that promote pancreatic β-cell regeneration and β-cell health, areas where future opportunities may exist for developing transformative drug therapies that may potentially lead to cures for diabetes.
- Published
- 2018
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36. Common Pediatric Pain Disorders and Their Clinical Associations.
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Donnelly TJ, Bott A, Bui M, Goh S, Jaaniste T, Chapman C, Crawford M, Hopper JL, and Champion D
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Anxiety complications, Anxiety epidemiology, Anxiety physiopathology, Australia, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression complications, Depression epidemiology, Depression physiopathology, Diseases in Twins, Humans, Iron Deficiencies, Logistic Models, Multivariate Analysis, Pain complications, Pain physiopathology, Registries, Restless Legs Syndrome complications, Restless Legs Syndrome epidemiology, Restless Legs Syndrome physiopathology, Pain epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: Common childhood pain conditions (nonmigraine headache, migraine, recurrent abdominal pain, growing pains, low back pain) and persistent pains are often associated with each other and have significant implications in later life. Emerging evidence suggests additional associations between these pain conditions and restless legs syndrome, iron deficiency, anxiety, and depression. The aim of this cross-sectional study in pediatric twin individuals and their siblings was to investigate these associations., Materials and Methods: Surveys were sent to Australian twin families via the Australian Twin Registry, yielding responses from 2530 pediatric individuals. The lifetime prevalence of the common pain disorders of childhood and of other persistent pains, restless legs syndrome and iron deficiency, and anxious/depressed score were determined by questionnaires. Random-effects logistic regression modeling was used to investigate univariate and multivariate associations between conditions., Results: Univariate associations were found between each of the pain conditions and persistent pain, and between the pain conditions with restless legs syndrome, iron deficiency, and anxious/depressed score. Derivative multivariate analyses retained statistically significant associations between each of the pain disorders included in the respective models (odds ratios [OR], 1.69-7.04) with the exception of growing pains with persistent pain. Of the nonpain conditions included in the multivariate analyses, restless legs syndrome remained associated with growing pains (OR, 8.50) and persistent pain (OR, 2.01). Iron deficiency remained significantly associated with migraine (OR, 2.38), persistent pain (OR, 3.70), and restless legs syndrome (OR, 5.10)., Conclusions: In light of their extensive associations, the common pain conditions, persistent pain, restless legs syndrome, iron deficiency, anxiety and depression, are likely to involve common etiological mechanisms that warrant further investigation.
- Published
- 2017
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37. Supported liquid extraction offers improved sample preparation for aldosterone analysis by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.
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Van Der Gugten JG, Crawford M, Grant RP, and Holmes DT
- Subjects
- Chemical Fractionation methods, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Specimen Handling, Aldosterone blood, Blood Chemical Analysis methods, Liquid-Liquid Extraction methods, Tandem Mass Spectrometry methods
- Abstract
Background: To evaluate the accuracy and precision of a method for serum aldosterone using supported liquid extraction (SLE) for sample preparation instead of the more conventional liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) approach., Methods: Two independently developed SLE-based LC-MS/MS methods for serum aldosterone (sample volumes 250 μl and 300 μl respectively) were compared to a modification of a previously reported LLE approach (sample volume 500 μl) in two method comparisons (n=75 and n=97). SLE analyses were performed at two separate centres. Precision was evaluated at a single site using human pools in head-to-head comparison between SLE and LLE. All analyses were performed on the ABSCIEX API-5000 LC-MS/MS system., Results: At four increasing pool concentrations spanning 67-1060 pmol/l, total precision for SLE ranged from 6.8-4.1% compared with 11.1-4.3% for LLE. Differences did not reach statistical significance except at the lowest concentration where SLE was superior. Pasing Bablok regression comparisons were SLE=0.96×LLE-5.8 pmol/l (R(2)=0.985) and SLE=0.96×LLE-0.44 pmol/l (R(2)=0.969)., Conclusions: For analysis of serum aldosterone on the ABSCIEX API-5000, SLE affords a smaller sample volume while maintaining the accuracy and precision performance of LLE. By avoiding specimen vortexing, SLE also allows for greater automation in the sample preparation.
- Published
- 2012
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38. Signals of motor command bias joint position sense in the presence of feedback from proprioceptors.
- Author
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Smith JL, Crawford M, Proske U, Taylor JL, and Gandevia SC
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Afferent Pathways drug effects, Androstanols pharmacology, Feedback, Physiological drug effects, Female, Humans, Isometric Contraction drug effects, Isometric Contraction physiology, Kinesthesis drug effects, Male, Middle Aged, Motor Neurons drug effects, Muscle Contraction drug effects, Muscle Contraction physiology, Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents pharmacology, Phantom Limb, Rocuronium, Signal Transduction drug effects, Young Adult, Afferent Pathways physiology, Feedback, Physiological physiology, Kinesthesis physiology, Motor Neurons physiology, Signal Transduction physiology
- Abstract
Joint position sense is believed to be mediated by muscle afferent signals. Because a "phantom" hand produced by a sensory and motor nerve block appears to move in the direction of voluntary effort, signals of "motor command" or "effort" can influence perceived joint position. To determine whether this occurs when sensory signals are available, three studies assessed position sense when motor command and afferent signals were available, but joint movement was prevented. First, the hand was positioned to stop movement at the proximal joint of the middle finger, and movement at the distal joint was impossible because the muscles had been "disengaged". Voluntary efforts produced illusory position changes in the direction of the effort (12.6 +/- 2.0 degrees distal joint; 12.3 +/- 2.3 degrees proximal joint for efforts at 30% maximum; means +/- SD). Second, when subjects attempted to move the index finger under isometric conditions, the index finger appeared to move 7.4 +/- 1.2 degrees in the direction of efforts. These illusions graded with the level of effort (10 or 30% maximum) and far exceeded any real joint movement. Finally, because changes in muscle afferent feedback might have accompanied the voluntary efforts, all forearm and hand muscles were completely paralyzed by locally infused rocuronium. During paralysis, passive wrist position was signaled accurately, but, during attempted efforts (30% maximum), perceived wrist position changed by 9.7 +/- 4.9 degrees . Before paralysis, isometric efforts changed it by 6.7 +/- 3.6 degrees . Thus all studies concur: when joint movement is prevented, signals of motor command contribute to joint position sense.
- Published
- 2009
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39. Enabling a community to dissect an organism: overview of the Neurospora functional genomics project.
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Dunlap JC, Borkovich KA, Henn MR, Turner GE, Sachs MS, Glass NL, McCluskey K, Plamann M, Galagan JE, Birren BW, Weiss RL, Townsend JP, Loros JJ, Nelson MA, Lambreghts R, Colot HV, Park G, Collopy P, Ringelberg C, Crew C, Litvinkova L, DeCaprio D, Hood HM, Curilla S, Shi M, Crawford M, Koerhsen M, Montgomery P, Larson L, Pearson M, Kasuga T, Tian C, Baştürkmen M, Altamirano L, and Xu J
- Subjects
- Base Sequence, Chromosome Mapping, DNA, Fungal genetics, Gene Deletion, Gene Expression Profiling, Gene Library, Genetic Techniques, Genome, Fungal, Genomics, Mutation, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Phenotype, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Neurospora genetics
- Abstract
A consortium of investigators is engaged in a functional genomics project centered on the filamentous fungus Neurospora, with an eye to opening up the functional genomic analysis of all the filamentous fungi. The overall goal of the four interdependent projects in this effort is to accomplish functional genomics, annotation, and expression analyses of Neurospora crassa, a filamentous fungus that is an established model for the assemblage of over 250,000 species of non yeast fungi. Building from the completely sequenced 43-Mb Neurospora genome, Project 1 is pursuing the systematic disruption of genes through targeted gene replacements, phenotypic analysis of mutant strains, and their distribution to the scientific community at large. Project 2, through a primary focus in Annotation and Bioinformatics, has developed a platform for electronically capturing community feedback and data about the existing annotation, while building and maintaining a database to capture and display information about phenotypes. Oligonucleotide-based microarrays created in Project 3 are being used to collect baseline expression data for the nearly 11,000 distinguishable transcripts in Neurospora under various conditions of growth and development, and eventually to begin to analyze the global effects of loss of novel genes in strains created by Project 1. cDNA libraries generated in Project 4 document the overall complexity of expressed sequences in Neurospora, including alternative splicing alternative promoters and antisense transcripts. In addition, these studies have driven the assembly of an SNP map presently populated by nearly 300 markers that will greatly accelerate the positional cloning of genes.
- Published
- 2007
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40. Motor commands contribute to human position sense.
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Gandevia SC, Smith JL, Crawford M, Proske U, and Taylor JL
- Subjects
- Efferent Pathways physiology, Humans, Ischemia, Lidocaine, Muscle, Skeletal blood supply, Nerve Block, Phantom Limb physiopathology, Kinesthesis physiology, Motor Neurons physiology, Muscle, Skeletal innervation, Wrist
- Abstract
The role of afferent inflow and efferent outflow (or command) signals in judgements of limb position has been debated for over a century. One way to assess this is to check for changes during complete paralysis, with the current view being that perceived movements or position changes do not usually accompany attempts to contract paralysed muscles. To re-examine this, we asked six naïve subjects to carry out a simple position-matching task at the wrist. In the absence of vision, subjects accurately perceived the position to which their right wrist had been moved by the experimenter by matching it with their left hand. There was no significant change in perception when position was matched during sustained flexion or extension efforts. Then we paralysed and anaesthetized the right arm with ischaemia in order to produce a 'phantom' hand. The perceived position of the wrist changed by more than 20 deg when subjects attempted to flex or extend their hand when it was paralysed and anaesthetized. Further studies showed that this illusion was not dependent on the way in which the paralysis was produced and that the size of the position illusion increased when the level of effort during paralysis increased. These results establish for the first time a definitive role for 'outflow' signals in position sense.
- Published
- 2006
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41. Patient experiences following cardiothoracic surgery: an interview study.
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Gardner G, Elliott D, Gill J, Griffin M, and Crawford M
- Subjects
- Adaptation, Physiological, Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cardiac Surgical Procedures adverse effects, Cardiovascular Diseases diagnosis, Cohort Studies, Critical Care standards, Critical Care trends, Female, Humans, Length of Stay, Male, Middle Aged, Pain, Postoperative epidemiology, Patient Participation, Patient Satisfaction, Postoperative Care standards, Postoperative Care trends, Postoperative Complications epidemiology, Postoperative Complications physiopathology, Postoperative Period, Prognosis, Severity of Illness Index, Surveys and Questionnaires, Cardiac Surgical Procedures methods, Cardiovascular Diseases surgery, Pain, Postoperative physiopathology
- Abstract
Background: Numerous studies have investigated patient outcomes of cardiac surgery, including some examining health-related quality of life. While these studies have provided some insight into patients' physical function, social abilities and perceived quality of life, studies examining the experiences of individuals recovering from cardiac surgery have received only limited investigation., Aims: This paper presents a thematic analysis of interviews conducted with patients recovering from cardiothoracic surgery, about their memories and experiences of hospital and recovery post-hospital discharge., Methods: Using an exploratory qualitative approach, eight participants were interviewed 6 months following their surgery. Transcripts of interviews were examined using a content analysis approach, with open coding of text and categorising of similar concepts into themes., Findings: Participants reported varying degrees of pain and physical dysfunction during their recovery from surgery and some had still not returned to optimal function. Seven themes emerged from the data: impressions of ICU; comfort/discomfort; being sick/getting better; companionship/isolation; hope/hopelessness; acceptance/apprehension; and life changes. A number of the themes were constructed as a continuum, with participants often demonstrating a range of views or experiences. Many had little or no memory of their stay in the intensive care unit, although others had vivid recollections. Their impressions of hospital were mostly positive, although many experienced fear, apprehension, and mood disturbances at some time during their recovery. Most participants recalled being sick, reaching a turning point, and then getting better. Many participants reported a change in life view since their recovery from surgery., Conclusions: Attention to specific areas of patient orientation, education and support was identified to facilitate realistic expectations of recovery. In addition, some form of systematic follow-up that focuses on patient recovery in terms of both physical and psychological function is important.
- Published
- 2005
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42. Memories of intensive care and experiences of survivors of a critical illness: an interview study.
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Adamson H, Murgo M, Boyle M, Kerr S, Crawford M, and Elliott D
- Subjects
- Aftercare, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Critical Care standards, Critical Illness nursing, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Memory, Middle Aged, Needs Assessment, New South Wales, Nursing Methodology Research, Pain psychology, Qualitative Research, Quality of Life, Recovery of Function, Stress, Psychological psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Attitude to Health, Critical Care psychology, Critical Illness psychology, Survivors psychology
- Abstract
Recovery from a critical illness can be a complex and protracted process. It is known that for some, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) does not return to pre-illness levels for many months, and in some disease processes this may be longer. This study was undertaken as part of a larger project examining the pain and health status of survivors of a critical illness. The aims of the qualitative aspect of the study were to examine the participants' memories of intensive care and hospitalisation at 6 months post-discharge, and to explore the impact of the critical illness experience on their recovery. Purposive sampling was used to enable rich descriptions of the experience of recovery from those patients best able to articulate their experiences. Three common themes were found with our six participants: recollections, responses, and comfort/discomfort. Recovery from their critical illness continued to affect the participants and carers, some profoundly so. Better integration of services and continued support is required for survivors of a critical illness up to and beyond 6 months.
- Published
- 2004
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43. The effect of chronic pain on health related quality of life amongst intensive care survivors.
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Boyle M, Murgo M, Adamson H, Gill J, Elliott D, and Crawford M
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Causality, Chronic Disease, Female, Health Status, Health Surveys, Humans, Incidence, Male, Memory, Middle Aged, New South Wales, Prospective Studies, Critical Care statistics & numerical data, Pain epidemiology, Quality of Life, Survivors statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Intensive care unit (ICU) survivors report reductions in health-related quality of life (HR-QOL), whilst chronic pain is common in the general population. However, it is unknown whether there are associations between the experience of ICU and the incidence of chronic pain. A questionnaire--Pain Scale, Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ), Centre of Epidemiology Study Depression Scale (CES-D Scale) and the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36)--was sent to 99 consenting patients who had been in the ICU for >48 hours. Sixty-six and 52 questionnaires were returned at 1 and 6 months respectively. There was a general limitation in activities of daily living; younger ages (36-65 years) experienced a decease in work performance and other physical activities. Bodily pain increased, general health diminished, and engagements in social activities were severely affected. There was a decline in mental health for those 36-65 years of age. HR-QOL improved over time; 28% experienced chronic pain and had longer hospital length of stay (LOS), tended to have longer ICU LOS and were ventilated for longer. Those with chronic pain had significant reductions in physical function, bodily pain, general health and vitality. Ventilator hours and hospital LOS were associated with risk of chronic pain (OR 1.09, p=0.033 and OR 1.27, p=0.046). HR-QOL in ICU survivors declined, although there was a general improvement from 1-6 months. This decline in HR-QOL affected younger people (less than 65 years) more than older people. Chronic pain is a significant issue post ICU and is associated with poorer HR-QOL.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Identification of candidate disease genes by EST alignments, synteny, and expression and verification of Ensembl genes on rat chromosome 1q43-54.
- Author
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Vitt U, Gietzen D, Stevens K, Wingrove J, Becha S, Bulloch S, Burrill J, Chawla N, Chien J, Crawford M, Ison C, Kearney L, Kwong M, Park J, Policky J, Weiler M, White R, Xu Y, Daniels S, Jacob H, Jensen-Seaman MI, Lazar J, Stuve L, and Schmidt J
- Subjects
- Animals, Blotting, Northern methods, Chromosomes genetics, Computational Biology methods, Databases, Genetic, Female, Gene Expression Regulation genetics, Genes, Overlapping genetics, Humans, Male, Multigene Family genetics, Organ Specificity genetics, Physical Chromosome Mapping methods, Predictive Value of Tests, Quantitative Trait Loci genetics, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid, Software Validation, Diabetes Mellitus genetics, Encephalomyelitis genetics, Expressed Sequence Tags, Gene Expression Profiling methods, Hypertension genetics, Kidney Diseases genetics, Sequence Alignment methods, Synteny genetics
- Abstract
We aligned Incyte ESTs and publicly available sequences to the rat genome and analyzed rat chromosome 1q43-54, a region in which several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been identified, including renal disease, diabetes, hypertension, body weight, and encephalomyelitis. Within this region, which contains 255 Ensembl gene predictions, the aligned sequences clustered into 568 Incyte genes and gene fragments. Of the Incyte genes, 261 (46%) overlapped 184 (72%) of the Ensembl gene predictions, whereas 307 were unique to Incyte. The rat-to-human syntenic map displays rearrangement of this region on rat chr. 1 onto human chromosomes 9 and 10. The mapping of corresponding human disease phenotypes to either one of these chromosomes has allowed us to focus in on genes associated with disease phenotypes. As an example, we have used the syntenic information for the rat Rf-1 disease region and the orthologous human ESRD disease region to reduce the size of the original rat QTL to only 11.5 Mb. Using the syntenic information in combination with expression data from ESTs and microarrays, we have selected a set of 66 candidate disease genes for Rf-1. The combination of the results from these different analyses represents a powerful approach for narrowing the number of genes that could play a role in the development of complex diseases.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Resistance to pre-dispersal seed predators in a natural hybrid zone.
- Author
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Campbell DR, Crawford M, Brody AK, and Forbis TA
- Abstract
Plant hybrids can be more, less, or equally resistant to herbivores compared to their parental species. These patterns in resistance can be critical determinants of the fitness of plant hybrids and may also influence distribution of the herbivore. We examined resistance to a pre-dispersal seed predator by natural and experimental hybrids between Ipomopsis aggregata and I. tenuituba. These species and their hybrid offspring differed primarily in ability to avoid oviposition by Hylemya sp. (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) rather than in reducing damage to seeds by a developing larva. Plants of I. tenuituba had the lowest frequency of fly eggs and were thus the most successful at avoiding damage. Hybrids were either intermediate to or less resistant than both parental species. Because these patterns persisted in experimental arrays of interspersed potted plants, they cannot be attributed to ongoing differences in the environment between hybrid and parental sites. In experimental arrays, the frequency of fly eggs correlated positively with corolla width, a dimension of flower size that also influences the rate of pollination, suggesting seed predators can generate selection on reproductive traits of hybrids. Furthermore, in one of the arrays, oviposition on F2 hybrids exceeded the average for the F1 and the midparent. Our results underscore the need to consider genetic background of hybrids in assessing plant responses to herbivores.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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