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1. Tuneable interplay between atomistic defects morphology and electrical properties of transparent p-type highly conductive off-stoichiometric Cu-Cr-O delafossite thin films

Author

Didier Arl, Jacques Botsoa, Mounib Bahri, Damien Lenoble, Pierre Desgardin, Marie-France Barthe, Petru Lunca-Popa, Jonathan Crêpellière, Ovidiu Ersen, Jean-Nicolas Audinot, Tom Wirtz, Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Barthe, Marie-France

Subjects
Materials science, Annealing (metallurgy), Analytical chemistry, lcsh:Medicine, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Article, Positron annihilation spectroscopy, Chromium, Nanoscience and technology, Vacancy defect, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:Science, 010302 applied physics, [CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Multidisciplinary, Physics, lcsh:R, Doping, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Copper, Secondary ion mass spectrometry, Delafossite, chemistry, engineering, lcsh:Q, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Off-stoichiometric copper chromium delafossites demonstrate the highest values of electric conductivity among the p-type transparent conducting oxides. Morphological and structural changes in Cu0.66Cr1.33O2 upon annealing processes are investigated. Chained copper vacancies were previously suggested as source of the high levels of doping in this material. High resolution Helium Ion Microscopy, Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry and Transmission Electron Microscopy reveal a significant rearrangement of copper and chromium after the thermal treatments. Furthermore, Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy evidences the presence of vacancy defects within the delafossite layers which can be assigned to the Cu vacancy chains whose concentration decreases during the thermal process. These findings further confirm these chained vacancies as source of the p-type doping and suggest that the changes in electrical conductivities within the off-stoichiometric copper based delafossites are triggered by elemental rearrangements.

Published
2020
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2. Tuneable Functionalization of Glass Fibre Membranes with ZnO/SnO2 Heterostructures for Photocatalytic Water Treatment: Effect of SnO2 Coverage Rate on the Photocatalytic Degradation of Organics

Author

Marc Michel, Didier Arl, Damien Lenoble, Aziz Dinia, Vincent Rogé, Ioana Fechete, Jonathan Crêpellière, Joffrey Didierjean, LAFON, Pascal, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Systèmes Mécaniques et d'Ingénierie Simultanée (LASMIS), Institut Charles Delaunay (ICD), Université de Technologie de Troyes (UTT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Troyes (UTT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe de recherches sur l'énergétique des milieux ionisés (GREMI), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Centre d'Investigation Clinique Henri Mondor (CIC Henri Mondor), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), and Université de Technologie de Troyes (UTT)

Subjects
Materials science, Passivation, [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, lcsh:Chemical technology, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, lcsh:Chemistry, Atomic layer deposition, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], SnO2, lcsh:TP1-1185, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Heterojunction, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Membrane, Chemical engineering, lcsh:QD1-999, atomic layer deposition, Photocatalysis, ZnO, Surface modification, Nanorod, 0210 nano-technology, Layer (electronics), photocatalysis
Abstract

The construction of a ZnO/SnO2 heterostructure is considered in the literature as an efficient strategy to improve photocatalytic properties of ZnO due to an electron/hole delocalisation process. This study is dedicated to an investigation of the photocatalytic performance of ZnO/SnO2 heterostructures directly synthesized in macroporous glass fibres membranes. Hydrothermal ZnO nanorods have been functionalized with SnO2 using an atomic layer deposition (ALD) process. The coverage rate of SnO2 on ZnO nanorods was precisely tailored by controlling the number of ALD cycles. We highlight here the tight control of the photocatalytic properties of the ZnO/SnO2 structure according to the coverage rate of SnO2 on the ZnO nanorods. We show that the highest degradation of methylene blue is obtained when a 40% coverage rate of SnO2 is reached. Interestingly, we also demonstrate that a higher coverage rate leads to a full passivation of the photocatalyst. In addition, we highlight that 40% coverage rate of SnO2 onto ZnO is sufficient for getting a protective layer, leading to a more stable photocatalyst in reuse.

Published
2020
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3. Food-grade titanium dioxide translocates across the oral mucosa in pigs and induces genotoxicity in an in vitro model of human oral epithelium

Author

Vignard, Julien, Pettes-Duler, Aurélie, Gaultier, Eric, Cartier, Christel, Weingarten, L., Biesemeier, A., Taubitz, T., Pinton, Philippe, Bebeacua, C., Devoille, Laurent, Dupuy, Jacques, Boutet-Robinet, Elisa, Feltin, Nicolas, Oswald, Isabelle P., Pierre, Fabrice H.F., Lamas, Bruno, Mirey, Gladys, Houdeau, Eric, Génotoxicité & Signalisation (ToxAlim-GS), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INP - PURPAN), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Endocrinologie & Toxicologie de la Barrière Intestinale (ToxAlim-ENTeRisk), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de microcaractérisation Raimond Castaing (Centre Castaing), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Unité de recherche Pharmacologie-Toxicologie (UPT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biosynthèse & Toxicité des Mycotoxines (ToxAlim-BioToMyc), ETH Zurich, Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy, Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais [Trappes] (LNE ), Prévention et promotion de la cancérogénèse par les aliments (ToxAlim-PPCA), and Toxicologie Intégrative & Métabolisme (ToxAlim-TIM)

Subjects
food additive, titanium dioxide, [SDV.TOX]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, nanoparticles, Oral mucosa, [SDV.TOX.TCA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Toxicology and food chain, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract

Background Food-grade titanium dioxide (TiO2), composed of nano- and submicron-sized particles, is used worldwide in various foodstuffs, toothpastes and pharmaceutical tablets as a whitening and opacifying agent. Its use as a food additive (E171 in EU) has raised concerns for human health regarding its systemic availability, tissue accumulation, genotoxicity and promotion of precancerous lesions. However, although the buccal mucosa is the first area exposed, oral transmucosal passage of TiO2 particles has not been documented. Here we analyzed TiO2 (E171) particle translocation in vivo through the pig buccal mucosa and in vitro on human buccal TR146 cells, and the effects of E171 on proliferating and differentiated human oral epithelial cells. Results Using transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) coupled to energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), isolated TiO2 particles and small aggregates were observed in the buccal floor of pigs starting 30 min after the sublingual deposition of E171 suspended in water, and recovered in the submandibular lymph nodes at 4 h. In human TR146 cells exposed to E171, kinetic analyses using confocal microscopy, TEM and high-resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) imaging showed high uptake capacities of both the nano- and submicron-sized TiO2 particles. At 2 h, the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress were investigated in both proliferating and differentiated TR146 cells exposed to E171 in comparison with two TiO2 size standards of 115 and 21 nm in diameter. All TiO2 samples were reported cytotoxic in proliferating cells, an effect almost abolished following differentiation. Genotoxicity (γH2AX or 53BP1 foci formation and comet assays) and oxidative stress (CellRox reagent) were only reported for the E171 and 115 nm TiO2 particles, and mainly in proliferating cells. Conclusions These data showed that the buccal mucosa is an important absorption route for the systemic passage of food-grade TiO2 particles. In human cells, TiO2 particles are cytotoxic and generate size-dependent oxidative and genotoxic stresses in proliferating cells, potentially impairing oral epithelium renewal. Altogether, these data emphasize that buccal exposure should be considered during toxicokinetic studies and for risk assessment of TiO2 in human when used as food additive, including in toothpastes and pharmaceutical formulations.

Published
2022
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4. Ferroelectric negative capacitance

Author

Pavlo Zubko, Jorge Íñiguez, Andres Cano, Igor A. Luk'yanchuk, Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, University College of London [London] (UCL), Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée - UR UPJV 2081 (LPMC), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Théorie de la Matière Condensée (TMC ), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Department of Materials [ETH Zürich] (D-MATL), and Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)

Subjects
Materials science, Physics [G04] [Physical, chemical, mathematical & earth Sciences], 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Capacitance, law.invention, Biomaterials, law, Materials Chemistry, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Electronic circuit, [PHYS]Physics [physics], business.industry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Ferroelectricity, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Capacitor, Physique [G04] [Physique, chimie, mathématiques & sciences de la terre], [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Optoelectronics, Transient (oscillation), 0210 nano-technology, business, Voltage drop, Energy (miscellaneous), Negative impedance converter, Voltage
Abstract

The capacitor is a key element of electronic devices and is characterized by positive capacitance. However, a negative capacitance (NC) behaviour may occur in certain cases and implies a local voltage drop opposed to the overall applied bias. Therefore, a local NC response results in voltage enhancement across the rest of the circuit. Within a suitably designed heterostructure, ferroelectrics display such an NC effect, and various ferroelectric-based microelectronic and nanoelectronic devices have been developed, showing improved performance attributed to NC. However, the exact physical nature of the NC response and direct experimental evidence remain elusive or controversial thus far. In this Review, we discuss the physical mechanisms responsible for ferroelectric NC, tackling static and transient NC responses. We examine ferroelectric responses to voltage and charge, as well as ferroelectric switching, and discuss proof-of-concept experiments and possibilities for device implementation. Finally, we highlight different approaches for the optimization of the intrinsic NC response to maximize voltage amplification. Ferroelectrics-based materials can display a negative capacitance (NC) effect, providing an opportunity to implement NC in electronic circuits to improve their performance. In this Review, the authors discuss static and transient NC responses in ferroelectrics and highlight proof-of-concept experiments and possibilities for device implementation.

Published
2019
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5. Engineering Electromagnetic Hot-Spots in Nanoparticle Cluster Arrays on Reflective Substrates for Highly Sensitive Detection of (Bio)molecular Analytes

Author

Ekoue A. Dogbe Foli, Rishabh Rastogi, Sivashankar Krishnamoorthy, R. Vincent, Pierre-Michel Adam, Lumière, nanomatériaux et nanotechnologies (L2n), Université de Technologie de Troyes (UTT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), and Université de Technologie de Troyes (UTT)

Subjects
Analyte, Materials science, Light, Pyridines, Metal Nanoparticles, Nanoparticle, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Naphthalenes, Spectrum Analysis, Raman, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Limit of Detection, Cluster (physics), [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, General Materials Science, Sulfhydryl Compounds, Plasmon, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Fluorescent Dyes, chemistry.chemical_classification, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Biomolecule, Carbocyanines, Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Spectrometry, Fluorescence, chemistry, Polystyrenes, Polyvinyls, Gold, Streptavidin, Self-assembly, 0210 nano-technology, Biosensor
Abstract

Intense electromagnetic (EM) hot-spots arising at the junctions or gaps in plasmonic nanoparticle assemblies can drive ultrahigh sensitivity in molecular detection by surface-enhanced spectroscopies. Harnessing this potential however requires access to the confined physical space at the EM hot-spots, which is a challenge for larger analytes such as biomolecules. Here, we demonstrate self-assembly derived gold nanoparticle cluster arrays (NCAs) on gold substrates exhibiting controlled interparticle (

Published
2021
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6. Quantifying Analyte Surface Densities and Their Distribution with Respect to Electromagnetic Hot Spots in Plasmon-Enhanced Spectroscopic Biosensors

Author

Christine C. Dupont-Gillain, Matteo Beggiato, Pierre-Michel Adam, Ekoue A. Dogbe Foli, Rishabh Rastogi, Sivashankar Krishnamoorthy, R. Vincent, Lumière, nanomatériaux et nanotechnologies (L2n), Université de Technologie de Troyes (UTT), Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), and Université de Technologie de Troyes (UTT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], Analyte, Materials science, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], General Energy, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, Biosensor, Plasmon, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Nanoplasmonic sensors based on surface-enhanced spectroscopies carry profound promise toward ultrasensitive detection of biomolecular analytes within miniaturized measurement footprints. High sensi...

Published
2021
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7. Hierarchically Structured Plasmonic Nanoparticle Assemblies with Dual-Length Scale Electromagnetic Hot Spots for Enhanced Sensitivity in the Detection of (Bio)Molecular Analytes

Author

Ekoue A. Dogbe Foli, Rishabh Rastogi, Pierre-Michel Adam, Sivashankar Krishnamoorthy, R. Vincent, Suresh Poovathingal, Lumière, nanomatériaux et nanotechnologies (L2n), Université de Technologie de Troyes (UTT), Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), and Université de Technologie de Troyes (UTT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Length scale, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Analyte, Materials science, Physics::Optics, Nanoparticle, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], General Energy, Computer Science::Multimedia, Nanostructured metal, Enhanced sensitivity, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Sensitivity (control systems), Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, Plasmon, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

High sensitivity in plasmon-enhanced spectroscopies results not only from high electromagnetic (EM) field enhancements at the vicinity of nanostructured metal surfaces but also the ability to lever...

Published
2021
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8. Analyte Co-localization at Electromagnetic Gap Hot-Spots for Highly Sensitive (Bio)molecular Detection by Plasmon Enhanced Spectroscopies

Author

David J. Moss, Pierre-Michel Adam, Hamed Arianfard, Rishabh Rastogi, Sivashankar Krishnamoorthy, Saulius Juodkazis, Lumière, nanomatériaux et nanotechnologies (L2n), Université de Technologie de Troyes (UTT), Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), optical science center swinburne university of technology, Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), and Université de Technologie de Troyes (UTT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], Analyte, Materials science, business.industry, 02 engineering and technology, Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Fluorescence, 0104 chemical sciences, symbols.namesake, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Nanolithography, symbols, Optoelectronics, General Materials Science, Sensitivity (control systems), 0210 nano-technology, Raman spectroscopy, business, Plasmon, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Nanopillar
Abstract

Electromagnetic hot-spots at ultranarrow plasmonic nanogaps carry immense potential to drive detection limits down to few molecules in sensors based on surface-enhanced Raman or fluorescence spectroscopies. However, leveraging the EM hot-spots requires access to the gaps, which in turn depends on the size of the analyte in relation to gap distances. Herein, we leverage a well-calibrated process based on self-assembly of block copolymer colloids on a full-wafer level to produce high-density plasmonic nanopillar arrays exhibiting a large number (>1010 cm-2) of uniform interpillar EM hot-spots. The approach allows convenient handles to systematically vary the interpillar gap distances down to a sub-10 nm regime. The results show compelling trends of the impact of analyte dimensions in relation to the gap distances toward their leverage over interpillar hot-spots and the resulting sensitivity in SERS-based molecular assays. Comparing the detection of labeled proteins in surface-enhanced Raman and metal-enhanced fluorescence configurations further reveal the relative advantage of fluorescence over Raman detection while encountering the spatial limitations imposed by the gaps. Quantitative assays with limits of detection down to picomolar concentrations are realized for both small organic molecules and proteins. The well-defined geometries delivered by a nanofabrication approach are critical to arriving at realistic geometric models to establish meaningful correlation between the structure, optical properties, and sensitivity of nanopillar arrays in plasmonic assays. The findings emphasize the need for the rational design of EM hot-spots that takes into account the analyte dimensions to drive ultrahigh sensitivity in plasmon-enhanced spectroscopies.

Published
2021
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9. A sol–gel biotemplating route with cellulose nanocrystals to design a photocatalyst for improving hydrogen generation

Author

Jian Li, Abdelghani Laachachi, Cong Wang, Christophe Colbeau-Justin, Erwan Paineau, Hynd Remita, Mohamed Nawfal Ghazzal, Center for Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, Department of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides (LPS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Laboratoire de Chimie Physique D'Orsay (LCPO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Surfaces et des Interfaces (LPSI), Université de Mons-Hainaut, Institut de Chimie Physique (ICP), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, education, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, law.invention, Liquid crystal, law, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, General Materials Science, Calcination, Lamellar structure, health care economics and organizations, Hydrogen production, Sol-gel, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Photocatalysis, Charge carrier, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; Light harvesting capability and charge carriers lifetime play critical roles in determining the photoefficency of photocatalyst. Herein, a one-pot method is proposed to design mesostructured TiO2 materials by taking advantage of the ability of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) to self-assemble into chiral nematic structures during solvent evaporation. After the xerogel formation, the as-obtained CNC/TiO2 hybrid films exhibit a chiral nematic structure and tunable Bragg peak reflection, generating lamellar TiO2 mesostructure after the biotemplate removal by calcination. More prominently, this straightforward method can be extended to couple TiO2 with other metal oxides, improving the light-harvesting and charge carriers separation of these photocatalysts, in particular for boosting hydrogen generation. This foolproof approach opens new doors for the development of nanostructured materials for solar energy conversion and catalysis.

Published
2020
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10. Constitutive Modeling of the Tensile Behavior of Recycled Polypropylene-Based Composites

Author

Nadia Bahlouli, Said Ahzi, Rodrigue Matadi Boumbimba, Daniel Pessey, Yves Rémond, Frédéric Addiego, Kui Wang, Yong Peng, Central South University [Changsha], Laboratoire d'Etude des Microstructures et de Mécanique des Matériaux (LEM3), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Constitutive equation, Modulus, constitutive model, 02 engineering and technology, mechanical properties, 010402 general chemistry, lcsh:Technology, 01 natural sciences, Article, chemistry.chemical_compound, General Materials Science, composite, Composite material, lcsh:Microscopy, Elastic modulus, Softening, reprocessing, lcsh:QC120-168.85, Polypropylene, strain rate, lcsh:QH201-278.5, lcsh:T, Strain rate, [SPI.MECA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph], 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, lcsh:TA1-2040, Hardening (metallurgy), lcsh:Descriptive and experimental mechanics, Extrusion, lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), 0210 nano-technology, lcsh:TK1-9971, polypropylene
Abstract

The effect of reprocessing on the quasi-static uniaxial tensile behavior of two commercial polypropylene (PP)-based composites is experimentally investigated and modeled. In particular, the studied materials consist of an unfilled high-impact PP and a talc-filled high-impact PP. These PP composites are subjected to repeated processing cycles, including a grinding step and an extrusion step to simulate recycling at the laboratory level, the selected reprocessing numbers for this study being 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12. Because the repeated reprocessing leads to thermo-mechanical degradation by chain scission mechanisms, the tensile behavior of the two materials exhibits a continuous decrease of elastic modulus and failure strain with the increasing amount of reprocessing. A physically consistent three-dimensional constitutive model is used to predict the tensile response of non-recycled materials with strain rate dependence. For the recycled materials, the reprocessing effect is accounted by incorporating the reprocessing sensitive coefficient into the constitutive model for Young&rsquo, s modulus, failure strain, softening, and hardening equations. Our predictions of true stress&mdash, true strain curves for non-recycled and recycled 108MF97 and 7510&mdash, are in good agreement with experimental data and can be useful for industries and companies which are looking for a model able to predict the recycling effect on mechanical behavior of polymer-based materials.

Published
2019
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11. Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea, Amphipoda) as a model organism to study the effects of silver nanoparticles

Author

Laure Giamberini, Anastasia Georgantzopoulou, Maël Garaud, François Guérold, Jennifer Andreï, Kahina Mehennaoui, Arno C. Gutleb, Sandrine Pain-Devin, Tommaso Serchi, Jean-Nicolas Audinot, Vincent Felten, Sébastien Cambier, Environnemental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, and Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST)

Subjects
Locomotor activity, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Gill, Silver, Environmental Engineering, Amphipoda, Luxembourg, Population, Metal Nanoparticles, Fresh Water, 010501 environmental sciences, Ecotoxicology, 01 natural sciences, Silver nanoparticle, 03 medical and health sciences, Osmoregulation, Toxicity Tests, Animals, Environmental Chemistry, education, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, education.field_of_study, biology, Ecology, Gammarus fossarum, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, 030104 developmental biology, Nanotoxicology, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Models, Animal, France, Silver nanoparticles, Bioindicator, Biomarkers, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract

International audience; Amphipods are one of the most important components of freshwater ecosystems. Among them, gammarids are the most widespread group in Europe and are often used as bioindicators and model organisms in ecotoxicology. However, their use, especially of Gammarus fossarum for the study of the environmental impact of nanoparticles, has been rather limited so far. G. fossarum was selected to assess effects of well-characterized chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs 20nm and 200nm) and "green" laboratory synthetized (from plant leaf extracts) AgNPs (AgNPs 23nm and 27nm). AgNO3 was used as a positive control to compare AgNPs effects and silver ions effects. A multibiomarker approach was used to investigate the sub-lethal effects of AgNPs on physiological and behavioural responses of G. fossarum. Two different experiments were carried out. In a preliminary experiment, two populations of G. fossarum (G.f1 and G.f2) were tested for sensitivity differences and the most sensitive one was exposed, in a final experiment, to sub-lethal concentrations of AgNO3 and the most toxic AgNPs. AgNO3 and AgNPs 23nm led to a significant decrease in survival rates, osmoregulation and locomotor activity. Ag internalisation, performed with Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS), showed the presence of silver in gills of G.f2 exposed to AgNPs 23 and 27nm. This study highlighted the influence of method of synthesis on ion release, uptake and toxic effects of AgNPs on G. fossarum. Osmoregulation appeared to be an effective biomarker indicating the physiological health status of G. fossarum. Locomotor activity, which was the most impacted response, reflects the potential effects of released ions from AgNPs 23nm at the population level as locomotion is necessary for foraging, finding mates and escaping from predators. Therefore, we propose G. fossarum as a suitable model for environmental nanotoxicology, providing information both at individual and population levels.

Published
2016
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12. Periodic nanoparticle cluster arrays with sub-10nm gaps for highly sensitive biomolecular sensing

Author

Rastogi, Rishabh, Grysan, Patrick, Juodkazis, Saulius, Poovanthingal, Suresh, Adam, Pierre-Michel, Krishnamoorthy, Sivashankar, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Swinburne Nanotechnology facility, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia, University of Luxembourg [Luxembourg], Lumière, nanomatériaux et nanotechnologies (L2n), Institut Charles Delaunay (ICD), Université de Technologie de Troyes (UTT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Troyes (UTT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and VU VAN, Jean-Baptiste

Subjects
[SPI.OPTI] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

13. Evolution of defect signatures at ferroelectric domain walls in Mg-doped LiNbO3

Author

Jens Kreisel, Alexander Haußmann, Nick Barrett, Mael Guennou, Guillaume F. Nataf, Laboratoire d'Etude des NanoStructures et Imagerie de Surface (LENSIS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Institut für Angewandte Photophysik., Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, University of Luxembourg [Luxembourg], and Work supported by a Pearl Grant of the National Research Funf, Luxembourg : FNR/P12/4853155

Subjects
Materials science, Annealing (metallurgy), Lithium niobate, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, doping, 02 engineering and technology, magnesium, single crystals, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, chemistry.chemical_compound, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, defects, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed matter physics, Dopant, domain walls, Magnesium, lithium niobate, Poling, Doping, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Ferroelectricity, chemistry, Raman spectroscopy, symbols, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

The domain structure of uniaxial ferroelectric lithium niobate single crystals is investigated using Raman spectroscopy mapping. The influence of doping with magnesium and poling at room temperature is studied by analysing frequency shifts at domain walls and their variations with dopant concentration and annealing conditions. It is shown that defects are stabilized at domain walls and that changes in the defect structures with Mg concentration can be probed by the shift of Raman modes. We show that the signatures of polar defects in the bulk and at the domain walls differ., 10 pages, 3 figures

Published
2018
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14. Division-Based, Growth Rate Diversity in Bacteria

Author

Armelle Cabin-Flaman, Corinne Loutelier-Bourhis, Patrick Grysan, Ghislain Y. Gangwe Nana, Gaelle Chagny, Laurent Jannière, Esther Lentzen, Vic Norris, G. Grancher, Camille Ripoll, David Gibouin, Anthony Delaune, Jean-Nicolas Audinot, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement (LMSM), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Normandie Université (NU), Groupe de physique des matériaux (GPM), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de biologie systémique et synthétique (ISSB), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Mathématiques Raphaël Salem (LMRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie Organique et Bioorganique : Réactivité et Analyse (COBRA), Institut de Chimie Organique Fine (IRCOF), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Normand de Chimie Moléculaire Médicinale et Macromoléculaire (INC3M), Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut Normand de Chimie Moléculaire Médicinale et Macromoléculaire (INC3M), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie Organique Fine (IRCOF), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), secondary Ion mass spectrometry, 030106 microbiology, lcsh:QR1-502, Bacillus subtilis, DNA segregation, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, lcsh:Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, medicine, Growth rate, bacteria, Escherichia coli, isotope-labeling, Original Research, NanoSIMS 50, biology, Cell cycle, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Evolutionary biology, cell cycle, Steady state (chemistry), heterogeneity, human activities, Function (biology), Bacteria, DNA, asymmetry
Abstract

International audience; To investigate the nature and origins of growth rate diversity in bacteria, we grew Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis in liquid minimal media and, after different periods of 15N-labeling, analyzed and imaged isotope distributions in individual cells with Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. We find a striking inter- and intra-cellular diversity, even in steady state growth. This is consistent with the strand-dependent, hyperstructure-based hypothesis that a major function of the cell cycle is to generate coherent, growth rate diversity via the semi-conservative pattern of inheritance of strands of DNA and associated macromolecular assemblies. We also propose quantitative, general, measures of growth rate diversity for studies of cell physiology that include antibiotic resistance.

Published
2018
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15. Electrical response of Pt/Ru/PbZr 0.52 Ti 0.48 O 3 /Pt capacitor as function of lead precursor excess

Author

Olivier Renault, Ibrahima Gueye, Nicholas Barrett, Gwenael Le Rhun, Emmanuel Defay, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Laboratoire d'Etude des NanoStructures et Imagerie de Surface (LENSIS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Permittivity, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Band gap, Analytical chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, Dielectric, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Capacitance, law.invention, Capacitor, law, 0103 physical sciences, Dissipation factor, Dielectric loss, Texture (crystalline), 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; We investigated the influence of the surface microstructure and chemistry of sol-gel grownPbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 (PZT) on the electrical performance of PZT-based metal-insulator-metal (MIM)capacitors as a function of Pb precursor excess. Using surface-sensitive, quantitative X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, we confirm the presence of ZrOx surfacephase. Low Pb excess gives rise to a discontinuous layer of ZrOx on a (100) textured PZT film witha wide band gap reducing the capacitance of PZT-based MIMs whereas the breakdown field isenhanced. At high Pb excess, the nanostructures disappear while the PZT grain size increasesand the film texture becomes (111). Concomitantly, the capacitance density is enhanced by 8.7%,and both the loss tangent and breakdown field are reduced by 20 and 25%, respectively. The role ofthe low permittivity, dielectric interface layer on capacitance and breakdown is discussed.

Published
2017
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16. Bionanocomposites based on PLA and halloysite nanotubes: From key properties to photooxidative degradation

Author

Marius Murariu, Philippe Dubois, Sandrine Therias, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Mons (UMons), and Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST)

Subjects
Morphology, Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Mechanical properties, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, Polylactide, 01 natural sciences, Halloysite, Nanocomposites, Absorbance, Biodegradable polyesters, Degradation, Impurity, Ultimate tensile strength, Materials Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Composite material, Photooxidation, Nanocomposite, UV irradiation, Dynamic mechanical analysis, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, Chemical engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Transmission electron microscopy, engineering, Photooxidative degradation, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; Halloysite nanotubes (HNT) and polylactide (PLA) were dry-mixed and melt-compounded to produce PLA nanocomposites with up to 12 wt-% nanofiller. The key characteristics of PLA-HNT nanocomposites were evidenced as follows: good nanofiller distribution and dispersion assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high tensile strength (values above 60 MPa) and mechanical rigidity, with Young's modulus increasing with HNT loading. The impact resistance of PLA is not decreased, whereas as it was revealed under dynamic solicitation (DMA), addition of HNT led to the notable enhancement of storage modulus.The degradation by photooxidation of PLA-HNT nanocomposites was compared to pristine PLA. The chemical modifications were evidenced by infrared (IR) and UV–visible spectroscopy, whereas from IR absorbance at 1845 cm-1 was determined the rate of degradation. Like in the case of other natural clays, HNT had a dramatic pro-degradant effect on the photooxidation of PLA, ascribed to the presence of chromophoric groups and/or iron impurities. Indeed, by comparing nanofillers of different purity, the photooxidation of PLA was found significantly reduced using HNT having about four times lower traces of iron.The choice of HNT of adequate purity or/and its purification is looked as powerful method to reduce the photooxidative degradation of PLA nanocomposites.

Published
2017
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17. Food-grade TiO 2 impairs intestinal and systemic immune homeostasis, initiates preneoplastic lesions and promotes aberrant crypt development in the rat colon

Author

Jean-Nicolas Audinot, Christel Cartier, Eric Gaultier, Fabrice Pierre, Eric Houdeau, Nathalie Naud, Marie Carrière, Matthieu Réfrégiers, Nathalie Thieriet, Sarah Bettini, Laurence Guzylack-Piriou, Dominique Thiaudière, Elisa Boutet-Robinet, Patrick Grysan, J. Dupuy, Solenn Reguer, Jean Pierre Cravedi, Sylviane Taché, Christine Coméra, ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Laboratoire Lésions des Acides Nucléiques (LAN), Service de Chimie Inorganique et Biologique (SCIB - UMR E3), Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANSES : PNR- EST-2013-024, NanoGut project, INRA, Contaminants & Stress Cellulaire (ToxAlim-COMICS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Endocrinologie & Toxicologie de la Barrière Intestinale (ToxAlim-ENTeRisk), Neuro-Gastroentérologie & Nutrition (ToxAlim-NGN), Prévention et promotion de la cancérogénèse par les aliments (ToxAlim-PPCA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INP - PURPAN), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Colorectal cancer, Crypt, Stimulation, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, 02 engineering and technology, [SDV.TOX.TCA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Toxicology and food chain, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, Internal medicine, medicine, risk factors, Multidisciplinary, technology, industry, and agriculture, Gastroenterology, Dendritic cell, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, 0210 nano-technology, Carcinogenesis, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Homeostasis, Aberrant crypt foci
Abstract

Food-grade titanium dioxide (TiO2) containing a nanoscale particle fraction (TiO2-NPs) is approved as a white pigment (E171 in Europe) in common foodstuffs, including confectionary. There are growing concerns that daily oral TiO2-NP intake is associated with an increased risk of chronic intestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis. In rats orally exposed for one week to E171 at human relevant levels, titanium was detected in the immune cells of Peyer’s patches (PP) as observed with the TiO2-NP model NM-105. Dendritic cell frequency increased in PP regardless of the TiO2 treatment, while regulatory T cells involved in dampening inflammatory responses decreased with E171 only, an effect still observed after 100 days of treatment. In all TiO2-treated rats, stimulation of immune cells isolated from PP showed a decrease in Thelper (Th)-1 IFN-γ secretion, while splenic Th1/Th17 inflammatory responses sharply increased. E171 or NM-105 for one week did not initiate intestinal inflammation, while a 100-day E171 treatment promoted colon microinflammation and initiated preneoplastic lesions while also fostering the growth of aberrant crypt foci in a chemically induced carcinogenesis model. These data should be considered for risk assessments of the susceptibility to Th17-driven autoimmune diseases and to colorectal cancer in humans exposed to TiO2 from dietary sources.

Published
2017
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18. Dynamics of PAHs and derived organic compounds in a soil-plant mesocosm spiked with 13C-phenanthrene

Author

Alexis de Junet, Corinne Leyval, Johanne Cennerazzo, Jean-Nicolas Audinot, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST)

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Biomass, Fraction (chemistry), 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Mesocosm, 13C-phenanthrene, chemistry.chemical_compound, Soil, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Environmental Chemistry, NanoSIMS, 13 C-Phenanthrene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Rhizosphere, biology, Chemistry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, General Chemistry, 15. Life on land, Phenanthrene, biology.organism_classification, IRMS, Pollution, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Shoot, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Soil Pollutants, Bacteria
Abstract

International audience; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous and persistent soil pollutants. Their fate and the influence of the plant rhizosphere on their dynamics has been extensively studied, but studies mainly focused on their dissipation rate. We conducted a plant-soil mesocosm experiment to study the fate and distribution of PAHs or derived compounds in the extractable fraction, the residual soil, the shoot biomass and the root biomass. The experiment was conducted for 21 days using ryegrass and a forest soil spiked with 13C-labeled phenanthrene (PHE), using combined IRMS and NanoSIMS for analyses. Almost 90% of the initial extractable PHE content was dissipated within 3 weeks, but no rhizospheric effect was highlighted on PHE dissipation. More than 40% of 13C-PHE was still in the soil at the end of the experiment, but not as PHE or PAH-derived compounds. Therefore it was under the form of new compounds (metabolites) and/or had been incorporated into the microbial biomass. About 0.36% of the initial 13C-PHE was recovered in the root and shoot tissues, representing similar 13C enrichment (E13C) as in the soil (E13C ≈ 0.04 at.%). Using NanoSIMS, 13C was also localized at the microscale in the roots and their close environment. Global 13C enrichment confirmed the results obtained by IRMS. Some hotspots of 13C enrichment were found, with a high 32S/12C14N ratio. Comparing the ratios, sizes and shapes of these hotspots suggested that they could be bacteria.

Published
2016
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19. Ultrafast acousto-optic mode conversion in optically birefringent ferroelectrics

Author

Pascal Ruello, Mariusz Lejman, Guillaume F. Nataf, Ingrid C. Infante, Jens Kreisel, Brahim Dkhil, Mathieu Edely, Ievgeniia Chaban, Gwenaelle Vaudel, Mael Guennou, Vitalyi Gusev, Thomas Pezeril, Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), Le Mans Université (UM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Structures, Propriétés et Modélisation des solides (SPMS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique de l'état condensé (LPEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Le Mans Université (UM), Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Laboratoire d'Etude des NanoStructures et Imagerie de Surface (LENSIS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Université du Mans (LAUM), Institut de recherche en ingénierie moléculaire et matériaux fonctionnels de l'université du Maine (IRIMMFUM), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxemburg, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), and University of Luxembourg [Luxembourg]

Subjects
Ferroelectrics and multiferroics, Materials science, Science, Physics [G04] [Physical, chemical, mathematical & earth Sciences], General Physics and Astronomy, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, law.invention, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Optics, Ultrafast photonics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], [SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], Multidisciplinary, Birefringence, Photoacoustics, business.industry, General Chemistry, Acoustic wave, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, Ferroelectricity, CMOS, Physique [G04] [Physique, chimie, mathématiques & sciences de la terre], Femtosecond, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Optoelectronics, Photonics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Ultrashort pulse
Abstract

The ability to generate efficient giga–terahertz coherent acoustic phonons with femtosecond laser makes acousto-optics a promising candidate for ultrafast light processing, which faces electronic device limits intrinsic to complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology. Modern acousto-optic devices, including optical mode conversion process between ordinary and extraordinary light waves (and vice versa), remain limited to the megahertz range. Here, using coherent acoustic waves generated at tens of gigahertz frequency by a femtosecond laser pulse, we reveal the mode conversion process and show its efficiency in ferroelectric materials such as BiFeO3 and LiNbO3. Further to the experimental evidence, we provide a complete theoretical support to this all-optical ultrafast mechanism mediated by acousto-optic interaction. By allowing the manipulation of light polarization with gigahertz coherent acoustic phonons, our results provide a novel route for the development of next-generation photonic-based devices and highlight new capabilities in using ferroelectrics in modern photonics., Electrically driven acousto-optic light modulators are limited to frequencies of a few hundred megahertz and are typically no smaller than a few micrometres. Here, the authors demonstrate gigahertz acousto-optic conversion of light polarization in a region of a few nanometres using pulsed laser stimulation of a ferroelectric.

Published
2016
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20. Low energy electron imaging of domains and domain walls in magnesium-doped lithium niobate

Author

Claire Mathieu, Mael Guennou, Cindy L. Rountree, Guillaume F. Nataf, Patrick Grysan, D. Martinotti, Nicholas Barrett, Jens Kreisel, Laboratoire d'Etude des NanoStructures et Imagerie de Surface (LENSIS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxemburg, Laboratoire d'Electronique et nanoPhotonique Organique (LEPO), and Systèmes Physiques Hors-équilibre, hYdrodynamique, éNergie et compleXes (SPHYNX)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], 010302 applied physics, Multidisciplinary, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Band gap, Doping, Lithium niobate, Physics [G04] [Physical, chemical, mathematical & earth Sciences], 02 engineering and technology, Electron, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Ferroelectricity, Article, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Low-energy electron microscopy, Physique [G04] [Physique, chimie, mathématiques & sciences de la terre], chemistry, law, Electric field, 0103 physical sciences, Electron microscope, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

The understanding of domain structures, specifically domain walls, currently attracts a significant attention in the field of (multi)-ferroic materials. In this article, we analyze contrast formation in full field electron microscopy applied to domains and domain walls in the uniaxial ferroelectric lithium niobate, which presents a large 3.8 eV band gap and for which conductive domain walls have been reported. We show that the transition from Mirror Electron Microscopy (MEM – electrons reflected) to Low Energy Electron Microscopy (LEEM – electrons backscattered) gives rise to a robust contrast between domains with upwards (Pup) and downwards (Pdown) polarization, and provides a measure of the difference in surface potential between the domains. We demonstrate that out-of-focus conditions of imaging produce contrast inversion, due to image distortion induced by charged surfaces, and also carry information on the polarization direction in the domains. Finally, we show that the intensity profile at domain walls provides experimental evidence for a local stray, lateral electric field.

Published
2016
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21. Interpretation of Polar Orders Based on Electric characterizations : example of Pb (Yb1/2Nb1/2)O3-PbTiO3 Solid solution

Author

Cochard, Charlotte, Bril, Xavier, Guedes, Orland, Janolin, Pierre- Eymeric, Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Laboratoire Structures, Propriétés et Modélisation des solides (SPMS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Etudes et Productions Schlumberger, and Schlumberger

Subjects
[PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]
Abstract

International audience; Characterizing the polar order is a fundamental step in the understanding of amaterial and a necessity for application purposes since each polar order isassociated with specific functionalities. Here, using the Pb(Yb1=2Nb1=2)O3-PbTiO3 (PYN-PT) solid solution as an example, we propose to differentiate thepolar order based on two simple electrical characterization methods: measurementof the dielectric constant and hysteresis loops. Comparing thedielectric constant measured in high and low electric field conditions, we showthat the polarization-electric field measurements may induce out-of-equilibriumphases. The better understanding of the effect of the measuring conditionson the polar order has led us to propose a new sequence of equilibriumpolar orders in the PYN-PT solid solution at room temperature.

Published
2016
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22. Combining Combing and Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry to Study DNA on Chips Using 13C and 15N Labeling

Author

Victor Norris, Tom Wirtz, Jean-Nicolas Audinot, Anne-Francoise Monnier, Yannick Coffinier, David Gibouin, Laurent Jannière, Camille Ripoll, Rabah Boukherroub, Aaron Bensimon, Henri-Noël Migeon, Armelle Cabin-Flaman, Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Micro-Environnement et Régulation Cellulaire Intégrée (MERCI), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN) - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), genomic vision, Institut de biologie systémique et synthétique (ISSB), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assemblages moléculaires : modélisation et imagerie SIMS (AMMIS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), and Laboratoire de Microbiologie du Froid – Signaux et Micro-Environnement (LMDF-SME)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, DNA isotope labeling, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Combing, Biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, law.invention, silicon chip, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, law, Molecule, General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], DNA extraction, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Genetics, General Immunology and Microbiology, DNA synthesis, Radiochemistry, Articles, General Medicine, Secondary ion mass spectrometry, Research Note, Surface coating, 030104 developmental biology, PCR, chemistry, surface coating, Recombinant DNA, Structure: Transcription & Translation, isotope recombination, DNA
Abstract

Dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry (D-SIMS) imaging of combed DNA – the combing, imaging by SIMS or CIS method – has been developed previously using a standard NanoSIMS 50 to reveal, on the 50 nm scale, individual DNA fibers labeled with different, non-radioactive isotopes in vivo and to quantify these isotopes. This makes CIS especially suitable for determining the times, places and rates of DNA synthesis as well as the detection of the fine-scale re-arrangements of DNA and of molecules associated with combed DNA fibers. Here, we show how CIS may be extended to 13C-labeling via the detection and quantification of the 13C14N- recombinant ion and the use of the 13C:12C ratio, we discuss how CIS might permit three successive labels, and we suggest ideas that might be explored using CIS.

Published
2016
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23. Review of thermal conductivity in composites : mechanisms, parameters and theory

Author

Abdelghani Laachachi, Michel Ferriol, David Ruch, Valérie Toniazzo, M. Lutz, N. Burger, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Thales Alenia Space [Cannes], and Thales Alenia Space

Subjects
Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, 02 engineering and technology, Advanced materials, 010402 general chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Crystallinity, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Thermal conductivity, Materials Chemistry, Composite material, Aerospace, Overheating (electricity), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Phonon scattering, business.industry, Organic Chemistry, Surfaces and Interfaces, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Thermal conduction, 0104 chemical sciences, Ceramics and Composites, 0210 nano-technology, business, Thermal energy
Abstract

Thermal conductivity has become an important parameter for new technologies, especially in aerospace and aeronautics. The advanced materials used in some electronic applications tend to undergo an increase in temperature when they are used. Increasing the thermal conductivity of a material will help to diffuse heat faster to avoid substantial overheating that could lead to premature degradation of the material. This article reviews theoretical and experimental aspects of thermal conductivity in composites, from thermal energy generation to heat transfers. The fundamental mechanism of thermal conduction, its mathematical aspects, and certain essential parameters to be considered in this study, such as crystallinity, phonon scattering, or filler/matrix interfaces are discussed in detail to examine their impact on thermal conductivity, complementing several reviews in the field.

Published
2016
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24. Photovoltaics with Ferroelectrics: Current Status and Beyond

Author

Paillard, Charles, Bai, Xiaofei, Infante, I.C., Guennou, Mael, Geneste, Grégory, M., ALEXE, Kreisel, J., Dkhil, B, Laboratoire Structures, Propriétés et Modélisation des solides (SPMS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), University of Warwick [Coventry], Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxemburg, and Department of Physics, University of Warwick

Subjects
Photovoltaics, Multiferroics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Photostriction, Photocatalysis
Abstract

International audience; Ferroelectrics carry a switchable spontaneous electric polarization. Thispolarization is usually coupled to strain, making ferroelectrics goodpiezoelectrics. When coupled to magnetism, they become so-called multiferroicsystems, a field that has been widely investigated since 2003. Whileferroelectrics are birefringent and non-linear optically transparent materials,the coupling of polarization with optical properties has received, since 2009,renewed attention, triggered notably by low-bandgap ferroelectrics suitable forsunlight spectrum absorption and original photovoltaic effects. Consequently,power conversion efficiencies up to 8.1% were recently achieved and valuesof 19.5% were predicted, making photoferroelectrics promising photovoltaicalternatives. This article aims at providing an up-to-date review on thisemerging and rapidly progressing field by highlighting several importantissues and parameters, such as the role of domain walls, ways to tune thebandgap, consequences arising from the polarization switchability, and the roleof defects and contact electrodes, as well as the downscaling effects. Beyondphotovoltaicity, other polarization-related processes are also described, likelight-induced deformation (photostriction) or light-assisted chemical reaction(photostriction). It is hoped that this overview will encourage further avenuesto be explored and challenged and, as a byproduct, will inspire other research

Published
2016
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25. Twin-induced InSb nanosails: A convenient high mobility quantum system

Author

Philippe Caroff, Maria de la Mata, Chloé Rolland, Renaud Leturcq, Jordi Arbiol, Sebastien Plissard, César Magén, Generalitat de Catalunya, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Australian Research Council, European Commission, Région Midi-Pyrénées, Région Nord Pas de Calais, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - Département Opto-Acousto-Électronique - UMR 8520 (IEMN-DOAE), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Équipe Matériaux et Procédés pour la Nanoélectronique (LAAS-MPN), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Australian National University (ANU), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-INSA Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Hauts-de-France (INSA Hauts-De-France), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
Electron mobility, Materials science, Quantum point contact, Nanowire, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, Photodetection, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Van der Pauw method, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Hall measurements, [CHIM.CRIS]Chemical Sciences/Cristallography, General Materials Science, QC, Condensed matter physics, business.industry, Nanowires, Mechanical Engineering, Cs-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, III-V semiconductor, 0104 chemical sciences, II−V semiconductor, Semiconductor, Nanoelectronics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], 0210 nano-technology, business, Molecular beam epitaxy
Abstract

Ultra narrow bandgap III-V semiconductor nanomaterials provide a unique platform for realizing advanced nanoelectronics, thermoelectrics, infrared photodetection, and quantum transport physics. In this work we employ molecular beam epitaxy to synthesize novel nanosheet-like InSb nanostructures exhibiting superior electronic performance. Through careful morphological and crystallographic characterization we show how this unique geometry is the result of a single twinning event in an otherwise pure zinc blende structure. Four-terminal electrical measurements performed in both the Hall and van der Pauw configurations reveal a room temperature electron mobility greater than 12 000 cm·V·s. Quantized conductance in a quantum point contact processed with a split-gate configuration is also demonstrated. We thus introduce InSb >nanosails> as a versatile and convenient platform for realizing new device and physics experiments with a strong interplay between electronic and spin degrees of freedom., This research was supported in part by the French ANR through the TERADOT Project No. ANR-11-JS04-002-01, the Ministry of Higher Education and Research, Nord-Pas de Calais and Mid-Pyrené es Regional Council and FEDER through the “Contrat de Projets Etat Region (CPER) 2007−2013”, IDEX WirOnSi, the Australian Research Council, through the Future Fellowship program, grant number FT120100498, the Generalitat de Catalunya 2014 SGR 1638, the Spanish MINECO MAT2014-51480-ERC (e-ATOM), and the ICN2 Severo Ochoa Excellence Program.

Published
2016
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26. Tailoring the optical properties of ZnO nano-layers and their effect on in vitro biocompatibility

Author

Vincent Rogé, François Garin, Aziz Dinia, Damien Lenoble, Kahina Mehennaoui, Anastasia Georgantzopoulou, Ioana Fechete, Arno C. Gutleb, Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnemental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)

Subjects
Materials science, Photoluminescence, Biocompatibility, General Chemical Engineering, Nanotechnology, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Anode, chemistry.chemical_compound, Atomic layer deposition, Membrane, chemistry, Nano, Aluminium oxide, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Dissolution
Abstract

International audience; This paper highlights the use of Al2O3 and SnO2 films as protecting layers to tailor the optical properties and biocompatibility of ZnO nano-films. ZnO, ZnO/Al2O3 and ZnO/SnO2 nano-films have been deposited inside 3-dimensional (3D) structures such as anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) membranes via a gas phase atomic layer deposition (ALD) process. We show that ZnO/Al2O3 multilayers exhibit improved excitonic photoluminescence properties compared to ZnO only, whereas ZnO/SnO2 multilayers quench the near band edge emission signal. In addition, in vitro experiments on Caco-2/TC7 cells and Vibrio fischeri bacteria reveal that ZnO/Al2O3 and ZnO/SnO2 multilayers display enhanced biocompatibility in liquid media compared to ZnO. We attribute the improvement of the biocompatibility to a lower dissolution of the ZnO nano-film when protected by Al2O3 or SnO2.

Published
2015
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27. Water Sensitive Coatings Deposited by Aerosol Assisted Atmospheric Plasma Process: Tailoring the Hydrolysis Rate by the Precursor Chemistry

Author

Mertz, Gregory, Fouquet, Thierry, Ibn El Ahrach, Hicham, Becker, Claude, Phan, Trang N. T., Ziarelli, Fabio, Gigmes, Didier, Ruch, David, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Spectropôle - Aix Marseille Université (AMU SPEC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST)

Subjects
[CHIM]Chemical Sciences
Abstract

International audience; Biocompatible plasma polymers are expected to be used in various applications in medicine such as drug delivery with a controlled release. In this context we investigated the possibility to monitor the kinetic of hydrolytic degradation of plasma polymers by tailoring the chemistry of the precursor. A homemade precursor way synthesized by grafting acrylate function on both side of a polycaprolactone diol (PCL diol) to produce a PCL diacrylate characterized by IR, NMR, and MS to confirm its chemical structure. Acrylates constitute a promising class of precursors to improve the retention of the integrity of the precursor by working in soft plasma conditions. The plasma polymerization of the so-synthesized precursor have been highlighted by means of a multi technique analytical strategy and ensured the retention of hydrolyzable ester function of the precursor. Finally the thickness consumption during immersion in PBS were performed and found to be slower as compared to the degradation kinetic of a plasma polymerized methacrylic anhydride.

Published
2015
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28. Time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering study of void fraction evolution in high-density polyethylene during stress unloading and strain recovery

Author

Addiego, Frédéric, Patlazhan, Stanislav, Wang, Kui, André, Stéphane, Bernstorff, Sigrid, Ruch, David, Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Laboratoire Énergies et Mécanique Théorique et Appliquée (LEMTA ), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste

Subjects
[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics]
Abstract

International audience; By means of time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering, we developed an analysis methodology to assess the void volume fraction ϕv in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) during tensile testing. The specimens were first drawn up to different imposed strains, and subsequently were subjected to stress unloading and strain recovery stages. During the loading stage, ϕv progressively increased with the strain level, starting from a well-defined onset strain prior to the yield point. In particular, ϕv reached a maximum of 8.75 vol% for a strain of 12.5% in the case of a HDPE grade with a molecular weight of 105 000 g mol−1. Stress unloading and strain recovery caused a decrease in ϕv attained at the end of the loading stage. For a HDPE grade with a molecular weight of 55 000 g mol−1, ϕv was more important during the loading stage and the decrease in ϕv was less marked during the stress unloading stage when compared to the HDPE with molecular weight of 105 000 g mol−1. The residual and reversible components of void volume fraction were revealed.

Published
2015
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29. Treatment of Glycine and Proline in Late Ar-O-2 Afterglow

Author

Nomine, Anna V., Mafra, Marcio, Frache, Gilles, Belmonte, Thierry, Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST)

Subjects
fungi, technology, industry, and agriculture, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering
Abstract

International audience; Glycine and proline have been treated in Ar-O-2 afterglows at low temperature to study their modification in highly reactive non-equilibrium media. These two amino-acids can be efficiently etched in suited conditions. In the case of glycine, O(P-3) is the main reactive species responsible for the etching mechanism. It reacts preferentially with the -CH2- group instead of the amine group-NH2. Further oxidation processes are observed but they are not rate-limiting. Etching of proline is a multi-step process, probably initiated by O(P-3) and then followed by reactions which control the etch-rate, the opening of the non-aromatic ring of proline being a probable route.

Published
2015
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30. Bismuth-based perovskites as multiferroics

Author

Michel Viret, Mael Guennou, Jens Kreisel, Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Laboratoire Nano-Magnétisme et Oxydes (LNO), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, and University of Luxemburg

Subjects
BiFeO$_3$, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, BiFeO 3 Mots-clés : Multiferro¨ıqueMultiferro¨ıque, General Engineering, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, chemistry.chemical_element, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), FOS: Physical sciences, Multiferroic, Ferroelectricity, Bismuth, chemistry, Multiferroics, Phase diagram, Perovskite (structure), Pérovskite
Abstract

This review devoted to multiferroic properties of Bismuth-based perovskites falls into two parts. The first part focuses on BiFeO3 and summarizes the recent progress made in the studies of its pressure-temperature phase diagram and magnetoelectric coupling phenomena. The second part discusses in a more general way the issue of polar - and multiferroic - phases in BiBO3 perovskites and the competition between ferroelectricity and other structural instabilities, from an inventory of recently synthetized compounds., Comment: 22 pages, 7 figures, to be published in Comptes Rendus Physique

Published
2015
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31. Escherichia coli under Ionic Silver Stress: An Integrative Approach to Explore Transcriptional, Physiological and Biochemical Responses

Author

Frédéric Jamme, Isabelle Fourquaux, Claire Saulou-Bérion, Laurence Girbal, Muriel Cocaign-Bousquet, Muriel Mercier-Bonin, Ignacio González, Jean-Nicolas Audinot, Brice Enjalbert, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie (CMEAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Hôpital de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Synchrotron SOLEIL, ANR-07-BLAN-0196,BIOPLEASURE,Plasma - surface engineering for biofilm prevention(2007), Génie et Microbiologie des Procédés Alimentaires (GMPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Hôpital de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Toulouse Réseau Imagerie-Genotoul ( TRI-Genotoul), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse Réseau Imagerie-Genotoul ( TRI-Genotoul), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Girbal, Laurence

Subjects
Silver, Transcription, Genetic, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph], lcsh:Medicine, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Cell membrane, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ribosomal protein, Stress, Physiological, E. Coli, Gene expression, medicine, Extracellular, lcsh:Science, Escherichia coli, 030304 developmental biology, Regulation of gene expression, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Escherichia coli K12, Ag nanoparticles, 030306 microbiology, Escherichia coli Proteins, lcsh:R, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Silver nitrate, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Biochemistry, Silver Nitrate, lcsh:Q, escherichia coli, Intracellular, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-DATA-AN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability [physics.data-an], Research Article
Abstract

International audience; For a better understanding of the systemic effect of sub-lethal micromolar concentrations of ionic silver on Escherichia coli, we performed a multi-level characterization of cells under Ag +-mediated stress using an integrative biology approach combining physiological, biochemical and transcriptomic data. Physiological parameters, namely bacterial growth and survival after Ag + exposure, were first quantified and related to the accumulation of intracel-lular silver, probed for the first time by nano secondary ion mass spectroscopy at sub-micrometer lateral resolution. Modifications in E. coli biochemical composition were evaluated under Ag +-mediated stress by in situ synchrotron Fourier-transform infrared micro-spectroscopy and a comprehensive transcriptome response was also determined. Using multivariate statistics, correlations between the physiological parameters, the extracellular concentration of AgNO 3 and the intracellular silver content, gene expression profiles and micro-spectroscopic data were investigated. We identified Ag +-dependent regulation of gene expression required for growth (e.g. transporter genes, transcriptional regulators, ribo-somal proteins), for ionic silver transport and detoxification (e.g. copA, cueO, mgtA, nhaR) and for coping with various types of stress (dnaK, pspA, metA,R, oxidoreductase genes). The silver-induced shortening of the acyl chain of fatty acids, mostly encountered in cell membrane, was highlighted by microspectroscopy and correlated with the down-regulated expression of genes involved in fatty acid transport (fadL) and synthesis/modification of lipid A (lpxA and arnA). The increase in the disordered secondary structure of proteins in the presence of Ag + was assessed through the conformational shift shown for amides I and II, and further correlated with the up-regulated expression of peptidase (hfq) and chaperone (dnaJ), and regulation of transpeptidase expression (ycfS and ycbB). Interestingly, as these transpeptidases act on the structural integrity of the cell wall, regulation of their expression may explain the morphological damage reported under Ag+-mediated stress. This result clearly demonstrates that the cell membrane is a key target of ionic silver.

Published
2015
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32. Formation and Mechanical Properties of Membranes Formed at the Surface of Walnut Stain Extract Solutions

Author

Grégory Francius, Abdelghani Laachachi, Vincent Ball, Roxane Fabre, Kadir Apaydin, Eric Mathieu, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy (CIML), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement (LCPME), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials science, Membranes, Atomic force microscopy, Biomolecule, Force volume measurements, Biomedical Engineering, 7. Clean energy, Stain, Ambient air, Biomaterials, External energy, Membrane, Chemical engineering, chemistry, Molecule, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Composite material, Biotechnology, Walnut stain extract
Abstract

International audience; Materials based on biological molecules and produced without external energy sources may represent avenues for the design of new applications as self-healing and self-replicating compounds. Herein the synthesis of self-standing membranes from walnut stain extracts when exposed to ambient air is presented. These membranes are mechanically robust and do not entirely decompose upon heating up to 800 °C. They are composed of microorganisms (not yet identified) from the ambient air which are hold together by a dense extracellular matrix. The molecules of this extracellular matrix have been characterized by means of force extension curves performed by Atomic Force Microscopy.

Published
2014
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33. Tailoring the Properties of Atomic Layer Deposited Nickel and Nickel Carbide Thin Films via Chain-Length Control of the Alcohol Reducing Agents

Author

Damien Lenoble, Manuel Dossot, Naoufal Bahlawane, Mouhamadou Moustapha Sarr, Didier Arl, E. McRae, Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann (LUXEMBOURG), Laboratoire de Physique des Milieux Denses (LPMD), Université Paul Verlaine - Metz (UPVM), Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique - Approche Multi-échelle des Milieux Complexes (LCP-A2MC), Université de Lorraine (UL), Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement (LCPME), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST)

Subjects
inorganic chemicals, Materials science, Reducing agent, Scanning electron microscope, Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Primary alcohol, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Nanocrystalline material, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Atomic layer deposition, Nickel, General Energy, chemistry, Crystallite, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Thin film, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of nickel and nickel carbide is reported starting from nickel acetylacetonate and a primary alcohol. The sequential reactions of both reactants with the adsorbed species are shown to be self-limited. Use of propanol or ethanol as reducing agents yields the formation of the technologically relevant carbon-Ni3C thin films, whereas the carbon content with use of methanol is less than 5 atom %. These metallic nickel thin films are electrically conductive and feature a soft ferromagnetic behavior. The thermally stable cubic lattice of nickel was grown at 300 degrees C with methanol as a reducing agent while the metastable hexagonal structure was obtained at lower temperatures. The morphology and the structure of the films were investigated with use of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The films are nanocrystalline featuring an average crystallite size of similar to 10 nm. Hydrogen-free ALD of nickel is particularly appealing for the deposition of (i) conformal coatings on hydrogen-sensitive substrates such as highly reducible oxides and metals with high capacity to form hydrides and (ii) 3D nanomaterials with high aspect ratio.

Published
2014
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34. Interaction Mechanisms between ArO2 Post-discharge and Biphenyl

Author

Dal'Maz Silva, Walter, Belmonte, Thierry, Duday, David, Frache, Gilles, Noël, Cédric, Choquet, Patrick, Migeon, Henri-Noël, Maliska, Ana Maria, Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann (LUXEMBOURG), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), and Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST)

Subjects
[SPI.PLASMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Plasmas, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2012
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35. Cadmium and zinc localization by SIMS in leaves of Populus deltoides (cv. Lena) grown in a metal polluted soil

Author

Migeon, Aude, Audinot, Jean-Nicolas, Eybe, Tanja, Richaud, Pierre, Blaudez, Damien, Migeon, Henri-Noël, Chalot, Michel, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Dept Sci & Anal Mat, Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann (LUXEMBOURG), Lab Echanges Membranaires & Signalisat, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), ANR [ANR-06-ECOT-O15-01], FNR [FNR 01/02/01b], Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maitrise de l'Energie (ADEME), and Conseil Regional de Lorraine

Subjects
gallium, FIB, biology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], fungi, HYPERACCUMULATOR THLASPI-CAERULESCENS, TOLERANCE, heavy metals, SIMS, ARABIDOPSIS-HALLERI, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, soil, ACCUMULATION
Abstract

International audience; Poplar (Populus) species can relatively accumulate high concentrations of heavy metals such as cadmium and zinc in their aboveground tissues. Cd accumulation in poplar is 30 times higher as compared to other woody species. Zn concentrations in leaves ranged from 200 to 1000 mg kg(-1) dry weight (DW) and Cd concentrations from 10 to 70 mg kg(-1) DW on metal polluted sites. These plants possess effective mechanisms for heavy metal translocation into aerial parts. However cellular localization of zinc and cadmium is still unknown in these species. In order to elucidate the precise localisation of these elements, leaves of poplar (Populus deltoides cv. Lena) was grown on metal polluted soil and analysed by SIMS. Using primary gallium source (FIB) mounted on IMS-6f, it was possible to performed secondary ions positives images with a lateral resolution above to 100 nm. In this study, SIMS analysis has been performed on cross section of leaves. Results were compared with global measurement performed by ICP-AES on reference sample (no contaminated) and poplar exposed to metals. Elemental maps of cadmium and zinc were obtained which revealed the high concentrations of metals in both the mesophyll and in the epidermal cell layer. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Published
2011
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36. Determination and imaging of metabolites from Vitis vinifera leaves by laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Author

Hamm, Gregory, Carré, Vincent, Poutaraud, Anne, Maunit, Benoît, Frache, Gilles, Merdinoglu, Didier, Müller, Jean-François, Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique - Approche Multi-échelle des Milieux Complexes (LCP-A2MC), Université de Lorraine (UL), Santé de la vigne et qualité du vin (SVQV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
MASS SPECTROMETRY, PHYTOALEXINS, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, LASER DESORPTION/IONISATION LDI-ToFMS, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, IMAGING, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience; Analysis of grapevine phytoalexins at the surface of Vitis vinifera leaves has been achieved by laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-ToFMS) without matrix deposition. This simple and rapid sampling method was successfully applied to map small organic compounds at the surface of grapevine leaves. It was also demonstrated that the laser wavelength is a highly critical parameter. Both 266 and 337 nm laser wavelengths were used but the 266 nm wavelength gave increased spatial resolution and better sensitivity for the detection of the targeted metabolites (resveratrol and linked stilbene compounds). Mass spectrometry imaging of grapevine Cabernet Sauvignon leaves revealed specific locations with respect to Plasmopara viticola pathogen infection or light illumination. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Published
2010
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37. Interaction of Stearic Acid Deposited on Silicon Samples With Ar/N 2 and Ar/O 2 Atmospheric Pressure Microwave Post-discharges

Author

Noël, Cédric, Duday, David, Verdier, Stéphane, Choquet, Patrick, Belmonte, Thierry, Migeon, Henri-Noël, Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann (LUXEMBOURG), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), and Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST)

Subjects
[SPI.PLASMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Plasmas, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2009
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38. Molecular dynamics simulation on the initial stage of 1 eV carbon deposition on silicon

Author

Ludovic G. V. Briquet, Arindam Jana, Patrick Philipp, Tom Wirtz, Gérard Henrion, Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Science et Analyse des Matériaux - SAM (Belvaux, Luxembourg), and Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann (LUXEMBOURG)

Subjects
Materials science, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Silicon, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, Fluence, chemistry.chemical_compound, Molecular dynamics, Lattice (order), 0103 physical sciences, Monolayer, Silicon carbide, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, 010306 general physics, Strained silicon, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Carbon deposition, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; The deposition process of 1 eV carbon on silicon has been investigated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations up to a fluence of 5.3 x 10(14) atoms cm(-2) which corresponds more or less to monolayer coverage. At such low impact energies, atoms are expected to stay on the sample surface, which is also observed up to a fluence of 2 x 10(14) atoms cm(-2). For higher fluence, carbon atoms start mixing into the silicon substrate. This process seems to get initiated by the increasing strain caused by the carbon atoms deposited on the silicon surface, and which leads to some gradual distortions. The latter are important for the migration of carbon atoms into the silicon lattice. During the whole process the top part of the silicon sample gets amorphized and the coordination of the carbon atoms increases from 1 or 2 to mostly 4-fold coordinated carbon atoms. The process can be considered as the starting point of silicon carbide formation and allows to explain how nm thick films can be formed from 1 eV deposition energies. The low carbon concentration of about 7% in the modified layer is, however, too low to observe a transition towards the latter.

Published
2015
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39. When subcellular chemical imaging enlightens our understanding on intestinal absorption, intracellular fate and toxicity of PFOA in vitro.

Author

Stoffels CBA, Cambier S, Subirana MA, Schaumlöffel D, Gomez G, Pittois D, Guignard C, Schwamborn JC, Wirtz T, Gutleb AC, Mercier-Bonin M, and Audinot JN

Subjects
Humans, Caco-2 Cells, Oxidative Stress drug effects, Cytosol metabolism, Cytosol drug effects, Persistent Organic Pollutants toxicity, Persistent Organic Pollutants metabolism, Cell Survival drug effects, Environmental Pollutants toxicity, Environmental Pollutants pharmacokinetics, Fluorocarbons toxicity, Fluorocarbons pharmacokinetics, Caprylates toxicity, Caprylates pharmacokinetics, Intestinal Absorption drug effects
Abstract

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a persistent organic pollutant that accumulates in the human body, leading to major health issues. Upon oral uptake, the gastrointestinal tract is the first biological barrier against PFOA. However, the localization of PFOA and its impact on the intestinal wall are largely unknown. Here we achieve a breakthrough in the knowledge of intestinal absorption, intracellular fate and toxicity of PFOA using in vitro assays combined with novel analytical imaging techniques. For the first time, we localized PFOA in the cytosol of Caco-2 cells after acute exposure using high spatial resolution mass spectrometry imaging, and we estimated the PFOA cytosolic concentration. Knowing that PFOA enters and accumulates in the intestinal cells, we also performed common toxicity assays assessing cell metabolic activity, membrane integrity, oxidative stress response, and cell respiration. This study integrating powerful analytical techniques with widely used toxicology assays provides insightful information to better understand potential negative impacts of PFOA and opens new opportunities in toxicology and life science in general., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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40. Fluorescence Enhancement of Single V2 Centers in a 4H-SiC Cavity Antenna.

Author

Körber J, Heiler J, Fuchs P, Flad P, Hesselmeier E, Kuna P, Ul-Hassan J, Knolle W, Becher C, Kaiser F, and Wrachtrup J

Abstract

Solid state quantum emitters are a prime candidate in distributed quantum technologies since they inherently provide a spin-photon interface. An ongoing challenge in the field, however, is the low photon extraction due to the high refractive index of typical host materials. This challenge can be overcome using photonic structures. Here, we report the integration of V2 centers in a cavity-based optical antenna. The structure consists of a silver-coated, 135 nm-thin 4H-SiC membrane functioning as a planar cavity with a broadband resonance yielding a theoretical photon collection enhancement factor of ∼34. The planar geometry allows us to identify over 20 single V2 centers at room temperature with a mean (maximum) count rate enhancement factor of 9 (15). Moreover, we observe 10 V2 centers with a mean absorption line width below 80 MHz at cryogenic temperatures. These results demonstrate a photon collection enhancement that is robust to the lateral emitter position.

Published
2024
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41. Haze factor of silver nanowires in variable refractive index environment: experimental and simulation approaches.

Author

Crêpellière J, El Hachemi M, Menguelti K, Adjeroud N, Gerard M, Bouton O, Lunca Popa P, Michel M, and Leturcq R

Abstract

While silver nanowires (Ag NWs) have been demonstrated as a highly efficient transparent conducting material, they suffer from strong light scattering, which is quantified by a large haze factor (HF) in the optical spectrum. Here we investigate the influence of the dielectric environment on the light scattering of Ag NWs by comparing experimental measurements and simulations. In air, two peaks on the HF spectra are observed experimentally at the wavelength of λ = 350 nm and I = 380 nm and are attributed by simulations to the influence of the Ag NWs pentagonal shape on the localized surface plasmon resonance. The relative intensity between the two peaks is found to be dependent on whether the Ag NWs are in contact with the glass substrate or not. The HF behaviour in the near IR region seems to be dominated by Rayleigh scattering following simulations results. Dielectric environments of Ag NWs with various refractive indexes were obtained experimentally by the conformal deposition of different metal oxide coatings using atomic layer deposition, including Al-doped zinc oxide, Al λ II and SiO 2 coatings. The HF is found to be correlated with the refractive index environment in terms of HF peaks position, intensity and broadening. This trend of HF peaks is supported by a theoretical model to understand the optical mechanism behind this phenomenon.3 and SiO 2 coatings. The HF is found to be correlated with the refractive index environment in terms of HF peaks position, intensity and broadening. This trend of HF peaks is supported by a theoretical model to understand the optical mechanism behind this phenomenon., (© 2024 IOP Publishing Ltd.)

Published
2024
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42. Precise Characterization of a Waveguide Fiber Interface in Silicon Carbide.

Author

Krumrein M, Nold R, Davidson-Marquis F, Bouamra A, Niechziol L, Steidl T, Peng R, Körber J, Stöhr R, Gross N, Smet JH, Ul-Hassan J, Udvarhelyi P, Gali A, Kaiser F, and Wrachtrup J

Abstract

Spin-active optical emitters in silicon carbide are excellent candidates toward the development of scalable quantum technologies. However, efficient photon collection is challenged by undirected emission patterns from optical dipoles, as well as low total internal reflection angles due to the high refractive index of silicon carbide. Based on recent advances with emitters in silicon carbide waveguides, we now demonstrate a comprehensive study of nanophotonic waveguide-to-fiber interfaces in silicon carbide. We find that across a large range of fabrication parameters, our experimental collection efficiencies remain above 90%. Further, by integrating silicon vacancy color centers into these waveguides, we demonstrate an overall photon count rate of 181 kilo-counts per second, which is an order of magnitude higher compared to standard setups. We also quantify the shift of the ground state spin states due to strain fields, which can be introduced by waveguide fabrication techniques. Finally, we show coherent electron spin manipulation with waveguide-integrated emitters with state-of-the-art coherence times of T 2 ∼ 42 μs. The robustness of our methods is very promising for quantum networks based on multiple orchestrated emitters., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Published
2024
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43. High-Fidelity Optical Readout of a Nuclear-Spin Qubit in Silicon Carbide.

Author

Hesselmeier E, Kuna P, Knolle W, Kaiser F, Son NT, Ghezellou M, Ul-Hassan J, Vorobyov V, and Wrachtrup J

Abstract

Quantum state readout is a key requirement for a successful qubit platform. In this work, we demonstrate a high-fidelity quantum state readout of a V2 center nuclear spin based on a repetitive readout technique. We demonstrate up to 99.5% readout fidelity and 99% for state preparation. Using this efficient readout, we initialize the nuclear spin by measurement and demonstrate its Rabi and Ramsey nutation. Finally, we use the nuclear spin as a long-lived memory for quantum sensing application of a weakly coupled diatomic nuclear-spin bath.

Published
2024
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44. Dopant-additive synergism enhances perovskite solar modules.

Author

Ding B, Ding Y, Peng J, Romano-deGea J, Frederiksen LEK, Kanda H, Syzgantseva OA, Syzgantseva MA, Audinot JN, Bour J, Zhang S, Wirtz T, Fei Z, Dörflinger P, Shibayama N, Niu Y, Hu S, Zhang S, Tirani FF, Liu Y, Yang GJ, Brooks K, Hu L, Kinge S, Dyakonov V, Zhang X, Dai S, Dyson PJ, and Nazeeruddin MK

Abstract

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are among the most promising photovoltaic technologies owing to their exceptional optoelectronic properties 1,2 . However, the lower efficiency, poor stability and reproducibility issues of large-area PSCs compared with laboratory-scale PSCs are notable drawbacks that hinder their commercialization 3 . Here we report a synergistic dopant-additive combination strategy using methylammonium chloride (MACl) as the dopant and a Lewis-basic ionic-liquid additive, 1,3-bis(cyanomethyl)imidazolium chloride ([Bcmim]Cl). This strategy effectively inhibits the degradation of the perovskite precursor solution (PPS), suppresses the aggregation of MACl and results in phase-homogeneous and stable perovskite films with high crystallinity and fewer defects. This approach enabled the fabrication of perovskite solar modules (PSMs) that achieved a certified efficiency of 23.30% and ultimately stabilized at 22.97% over a 27.22-cm 2 aperture area, marking the highest certified PSM performance. Furthermore, the PSMs showed long-term operational stability, maintaining 94.66% of the initial efficiency after 1,000 h under continuous one-sun illumination at room temperature. The interaction between [Bcmim]Cl and MACl was extensively studied to unravel the mechanism leading to an enhancement of device properties. Our approach holds substantial promise for bridging the benchtop-to-rooftop gap and advancing the production and commercialization of large-area perovskite photovoltaics., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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45. Qudit-Based Spectroscopy for Measurement and Control of Nuclear-Spin Qubits in Silicon Carbide.

Author

Hesselmeier E, Kuna P, Takács I, Ivády V, Knolle W, Son NT, Ghezellou M, Ul-Hassan J, Dasari D, Kaiser F, Vorobyov V, and Wrachtrup J

Abstract

Nuclear spins with hyperfine coupling to single electron spins are highly valuable quantum bits. Here we probe and characterize the particularly rich nuclear-spin environment around single silicon vacancy color centers (V2) in 4H-SiC. By using the electron spin-3/2 qudit as a four level sensor, we identify several sets of ^{29}Si and ^{13}C nuclear spins through their hyperfine interaction. We extract the major components of their hyperfine coupling via optical detected nuclear magnetic resonance, and assign them to shells in the crystal via the density function theory simulations. We utilize the ground-state level anticrossing of the electron spin for dynamic nuclear polarization and achieve a nuclear-spin polarization of up to 98±6%. We show that this scheme can be used to detect the nuclear magnetic resonance signal of individual spins and demonstrate their coherent control. Our work provides a detailed set of parameters and first steps for future use of SiC as a multiqubit memory and quantum computing platform.

Published
2024
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46. Influence of Bioceramic Cements on the Quality of Obturation of the Immature Tooth: An In Vitro Microscopic and Tomographic Study.

Author

Al-Rayesse R, Al-Jabban O, Eid A, Kabtoleh A, Addiego F, Mancino D, Haikel Y, and Kharouf N

Abstract

The present in vitro study focuses on the filling ability of three different bioceramic cements with or without the addition of a bioceramic sealer in an open apex model on the marginal apical adaptation, tubule infiltrations, and void distributions as well as the interface between the cement and the sealer materials. To this end, sixty mandibular premolars were used. MTA-Biorep (BR), Biodentine (BD), and Well-Root Putty (WR) were used to obturate the open apex model with or without the addition of a bioceramic sealer, namely TotalFill ® BC sealer™ (TF). A digital optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to investigate the cement-dentin interface, marginal apical adaptation, and the material infiltration into the dentinal tubules. Micro-computed X-ray tomography and digital optical microscopy were used to investigate the cement-sealer interface. The results were analyzed by using the Kruskal-Wallis test. No significant difference was found between the groups for the marginal apical adaptation quality ( p > 0.05). Good adaptation of the dentin-cement interface was found for all tested groups and the sealer was placed between the cement material and dentinal walls. All the groups demonstrated some infiltrations into the dentinal tubules at the coronal part except for the BR group. A good internal interface was found between the cement and the sealer with the presence of voids at the external interface. A larger number of voids were found in the case of the BD-TF group compared to each of the other two groups ( p < 0.05). Within the limitations of the present in vitro study, all the groups demonstrated good marginal apical adaptation. The use of a sealer in an open apex does not guarantee good filling and, in addition, creates voids at the external interfaces with the dental walls when the premixed sealer is used with powder-liquid cement systems. The use of a premixed bioceramic cement could offer fewer complications than when a powder-liquid cement system is used.

Published
2024
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47. Unravelling the functionality of anionic and non-ionic plant seed gums on milk protein cryogels conveying Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG.

Author

Hellebois T, Addiego F, Gaiani C, Shaplov AS, and Soukoulis C

Subjects
Humans, Plant Gums chemistry, Cryogels, Lacticaseibacillus, Whey Proteins chemistry, Polysaccharides analysis, Seeds chemistry, Water analysis, Milk Proteins chemistry, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus
Abstract

Cryogels offer a promising macroporous platform that can be employed as either a functional ingredient in food composites or a colloidal template for incorporating bioactives, including probiotic living cells. The aim of the present work is to explore the functionality of two plant seed polysaccharides, flaxseed gum (FG) and alfalfa galactomannan (AAG), in individual and combined (1:1 ratio) milk protein-based cryogels, namely sodium caseinate (NaCas) and whey protein isolate (WPI). These cryogels were created by freeze-drying hydrogels formed via L.rhamnosus GG - a human gut-relevant probiotic strain - fermentation. Our findings showed that including gum in the composition limited volume contraction during lyophilisation, reduced macropore size and thickened cryogel skeleton vessels. Furthermore, gum-containing cryogels displayed improved thermal stability and slower water disintegration rates. The AAG-stabilised cryogels specifically showed a notable reduction in monolayer water content compared to FG. From a mechanistic viewpoint, AAG influenced the physicochemical and microstructural properties of the cryogels, most probably via its self-association during cryogenic processing, promoting the development of intertwined protein-gum networks. FG, on the other hand, enhanced these properties through electrostatic complexation with proteins. Cryogels made from protein-polysaccharide blends exhibited promising techno-functional properties for enhancing and diversifying food product innovation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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48. Effects of Different Polypropylene (PP)-Backbones in Aluminium Feedstock for Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF).

Author

Momeni V, Shahroodi Z, Gonzalez-Gutierrez J, Hentschel L, Duretek I, Schuschnigg S, Kukla C, and Holzer C

Abstract

The current study presents the effect of the backbone as an important binder component on the mechanical, rheological, and thermal properties of Aluminium (Al) alloy feedstocks. A thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) main binder component was blended with either polypropylene (PP), grafted-maleic anhydride-PP (PPMA), or grafted-maleic anhydride-PPwax (PPMAwax) plus PP, as the backbone. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) tests were performed to investigate the thermal properties of binder systems and feedstocks. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to study the chemical interaction between the binder and the Al alloy. After making feedstock filaments, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and fused filament fabrication (FFF) printing were done. The results showed that although the PP printability was acceptable, the best mechanical properties and printed quality can be achieved by PPMA. TGA test showed that all binder systems in the feedstocks could be removed completely around 500 °C. From FTIR, the possibility of chemical reactions between Al alloy particles and maleic anhydride groups on the grafted PP backbone could explain the better dispersion of the mixture and higher mechanical properties. Tensile strength in PP samples was 3.4 MPa which was improved 1.8 times using PPMA as the backbone.

Published
2023
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49. Research Progress on Low-Pressure Powder Injection Molding.

Author

Momeni V, Hufnagl M, Shahroodi Z, Gonzalez-Gutierrez J, Schuschnigg S, Kukla C, and Holzer C

Abstract

Powder injection molding (PIM) is a well-known technique to manufacture net-shaped, complicated, macro or micro parts employing a wide range of materials and alloys. Depending on the pressure applied to inject the feedstock, this process can be separated into low-pressure (LPIM) and high-pressure (HPIM) injection molding. Although the LPIM and HPIM processes are theoretically similar, all steps have substantial differences, particularly feedstock preparation, injection, and debinding. After decades of focusing on HPIM, low-viscosity feedstocks with improved flowability have recently been produced utilizing low-molecular-weight polymers for LPIM. It has been proven that LPIM can be used for making parts in low quantities or mass production. Compared to HPIM, which could only be used for the mass production of metallic and ceramic components, LPIM can give an outstanding opportunity to cover applications in low or large batch production rates. Due to the use of low-cost equipment, LPIM also provides several economic benefits. However, establishing an optimal binder system for all powders that should be injected at extremely low pressures (below 1 MPa) is challenging. Therefore, various defects may occur throughout the mixing, injection, debinding, and sintering stages. Since all steps in the process are interrelated, it is important to have a general picture of the whole process which needs a scientific overview. This paper reviews the potential of LPIM and the characteristics of all steps. A complete academic and research background survey on the applications, challenges, and prospects has been indicated. It can be concluded that although many challenges of LPIM have been solved, it could be a proper solution to use this process and materials in developing new applications for technologies such as additive manufacturing and processing of sensitive alloys.

Published
2022
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50. Cluster-Assembled Nanoporous Super-Hydrophilic Smart Surfaces for On-Target Capturing and Processing of Biological Samples for Multi-Dimensional MALDI-MS.

Author

Barborini E, Bertolini G, Epifanio M, Yavorskyy A, Vinati S, and Baumann M

Subjects
Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions, Polymers, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization methods, Surface Properties, Nanopores
Abstract

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) on cluster-assembled super-hydrophilic nanoporous titania films deposited on hydrophobic conductive-polymer substrates feature a unique combination of surface properties that significantly improve the possibilities of capturing and processing biological samples before and during the MALDI-MS analysis without changing the selected sample target (multi-dimensional MALDI-MS). In contrast to pure hydrophobic surfaces, such films promote a remarkable biologically active film porosity at the nanoscale due to the soft assembling of ultrafine atomic clusters. This unique combination of nanoscale porosity and super-hydrophilicity provides room for effective sample capturing, while the hydrophilic-hydrophobic discontinuity at the border of the dot-patterned film acts as a wettability-driven containment for sample/reagent droplets. In the present work, we evaluate the performance of such advanced surface engineered reactive containments for their benefit in protein sample processing and characterization. We shortly discuss the advantages resulting from the introduction of the described chips in the MALDI-MS workflow in the healthcare/clinical context and in MALDI-MS bioimaging (MALDI-MSI).

Published
2022
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